Radiographic Representation Of Lung Cyst (Lung Cancer) Through Various X-Rays See all 36 photos Lung cancer (also known as carcinoma of the lung) is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung in a process called metastasis into nearby tissue or other part Source: DFM E-Group
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Radiographic Representation Of Lung Cyst (Lung Cancer) Through Various X-Rays
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Radiographic Representation Of Lung Cyst (Lung Cancer)Through Various X-Rays
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Lung cancer (also known as carcinoma of the lung) is a disease characterized by uncontrolled cellgrowth in tissues of the lung. If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung in a processcalled metastasis into nearby tissue or other part
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Most cancers that start in lung, known as primary lung cancers, are carcinomas that derive fromepithelial cells.
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The main types of lung cancer are small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC), also called oat cell cancer, andnon-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The most common symptoms are coughing (includingcoughing up blood), weight loss, shortness of breath, and che
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The most common cause of lung cancer is long-term exposure to tobacco smoke, which causes 80-90% of lung cancers.
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Nonsmokers account for 10-15% of lung cancer cases, and these cases are often attributed to acombination of genetic factors, radon gas, asbestos, and air pollution[4] including second-handsmoke.
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Lung cancer may be seen on chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT scan). The diagnosis isconfirmed with a biopsy which is usually performed by bronchoscopy or CT-guidance
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Treatment and long-term outcomes depend on the type of cancer, the stage (degree of spread), andthe person's overall health, measured by performance status.
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Common treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. NSCLC is sometimes treatedwith surgery, whereas SCLC usually responds better to chemotherapy and radiotherapy
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Overall, 15% of people in the United States diagnosed with lung cancer survive five years after thediagnosis. Outcomes are worse in the developing world. Worldwide, lung cancer is the most commoncause of cancer-related death in men and women, a
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respiratory symptoms: coughing, coughing up blood, wheezing or shortness of breath. systemicsymptoms: weight loss, fever, clubbing of the fingernails, or fatigue
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symptoms due to local compress: chest pain, bone pain, superior vena cava obstruction, difficultyswallowing
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If the cancer grows in the airway, it may obstruct airflow, causing breathing difficulties. Theobstruction can lead to accumulation of secretions behind the blockage, and predispose topneumonia
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Depending on the type of tumor, so-called paraneoplastic phenomena may initially attract attentionto the disease. In lung cancer, these phenomena may include Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome(muscle weakness due to autoantibodies), hypercalcemi
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Tumors in the top of the lung, known as Pancoast tumors, may invade the local part of thesympathetic nervous system, leading to Horner's syndrome (dropping of the eyelid and a small pupilon that side), as well as damage to the brachial plexus
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It is not a magic formula that being overweight has developed into a planet-large high incidence. Aswell as normal issues of garments not installing, deficiency of vitality, and very low self-esteem,being around-bodyweight can result in remarkable increases in diabetes mellitus, cardiovascularsystem stroke, disease, cancer and arthritis and depressive disorders.
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Many of the symptoms of lung cancer (poor appetite, weight loss, fever, fatigue) are not specific. Inmany people, the cancer has already spread beyond the original site by the time they have symptomsand seek medical attention.
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Common sites of spread include the brain, bone, adrenal glands, opposite lung, liver, pericardium,and kidneys. About 10% of people with lung cancer do not have symptoms at diagnosis; thesecancers are incidentally found on routine chest radiogra
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Cancer develops following genetic damage to DNA and epigenetic changes. These changes affect thenormal functions of the cell, including cell proliferation, programmed cell death (apoptosis) and DNArepair. As more damage accumulates, the risk of can
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Similar to many other cancers, lung cancer is initiated by activation of oncogenes or inactivation oftumor suppressor genes.[38] Oncogenes are believed to make people more susceptible to cancer.
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Proto-oncogenes are believed to turn into oncogenes when exposed to particular carcinogens.[39]Mutations in the K-ras proto-oncogene are responsible for 10-30% of lung adenocarcinomas.
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The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis,and tumor invasion. Mutations and amplification of EGFR are common in non-small-cell lung cancerand provide the basis for treatment with EGFR-inhi
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Her2/neu is affected less frequently. Chromosomal damage can lead to loss of heterozygosity. Thiscan cause inactivation of tumor suppressor genes. Damage to chromosomes 3p, 5q, 13q, and 17p areparticularly common in small-cell lung carcinoma.
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The p53 tumor suppressor gene, located on chromosome 17p, is affected in 60-75% of cases. Othergenes that are often mutated or amplified are c-MET, NKX2-1, LKB1, PIK3CA, and BRAF
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Performing a chest radiograph is one of the first investigative steps if a person reports symptomsthat may suggest lung cancer.
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This may reveal an obvious mass, widening of the mediastinum (suggestive of spread to lymph nodesthere), atelectasis (collapse), consolidation (pneumonia), or pleural effusion.
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CT imaging is typically used to provide more information about the type and extent of disease.Bronchoscopy or CT-guided biopsy is often used to sample the tumor for histopathology.
Lung cancer often appears as a solitary pulmonary nodule on a chest radiograph.
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However, the differential diagnosis is wide. Many other diseases can also give this appearance,including tuberculosis, fungal infections, metastatic cancer, or organizing pneumonia.
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Less common causes of a solitary pulmonary nodule include hamartomas, bronchogenic cysts,adenomas, arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary sequestration, rheumatoid nodules, Wegener'sgranulomatosis, or lymphoma
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Lung cancer can also be an incidental finding, as a solitary pulmonary nodule on a chest radiographor CT scan done for an unrelated reason
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The definitive diagnosis of lung cancer is based on histological examination of the suspicious tissuein the context of the clinical and radiological features.
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Lung cancers are classified according to histological type. This classification is important fordetermining management and predicting outcomes of the disease.
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The vast majority of lung cancers are carcinomas--malignancies that arise from epithelial cells. Lungcarcinomas are categorized by the size and appearance of the malignant cells seen by ahistopathologist under a microscope.
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The two broad classes are non-small-cell and small-cell lung carcinoma
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The lung is a common place for the spread of tumors from other parts of the body. Secondarycancers are classified by the site of origin
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breast cancer that has spread to the lung is called metastatic breast cancer. Metastases often have acharacteristic round appearance on chest radiograph