Radiographic anatomy2

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Extraoral Radiographic Anatomy

Mark Gil Q. Virtudes, DMD

College of Dentistry

Manila Central University



Lateral Oblique Projection



Lateral Oblique




The film is placed against the side ofthe patient’s face

X-ray beam is directed postero-

anteriorly from the opposite side








A. Maxillary tuberosity

B. Lower border ofmandible (side away

from film)C. Mental foramen

D. Superior border oftongue

E. Styloid process

F. Mandibular canal





A. Zygomatic process of

maxilla

B. Vertrebral column

C. Lower border of

mandible (side closer to

film)

D. Zygoma

E. Zygomatic arch



A. Lower border of orbit

B. Neck of condyle

C. Vertebral column

D. Hyoid bone



Lateral Head

Projection



Lateral Head



Lateral Skull

Midsagittal plane of the patient’s headis parallel to the film

X-ray beam is perpendicular to the film



Lateral Head



A= Frontal sinus

B= Floor of the anterior cranial fossa

C= Anterior clinoid process

D= Posterior clinoid process

E= Pituitary fossa



A= Nasal bone

B= Zygomatic process of the maxilla closer to the film

C= Ethmoid sinus

D= Pterygomaxillary fissure





A= Orbital plates of frontal bone

B= Orbit

C= Sphenoid sinus

D= Cross section of the greater wing of the sphenoid (ant. wall

of middle cranial fossa)





A= Zygomatic process of the maxilla closer to the film

B= Zygomatic process of the maxilla further to the film

C= Dorsal border of tongue

D= Pterygoid plate complex

E= Soft palate



A= Hard palate

B= Lingual cortical plate of mandible (anterior part)

C= Nasopharynx



Postero-Anterior

Projection





PA Skull Projection

Midsagittal plane of the head isperpendicular to the film

Forehead and the nose touch the film






A= Orbital plate of frontal bone

B= Frontal spine

C= Sup. border of orbit

D= Sphenoid sinus





A= Lacrimal canal B= Middle nasal concha

C= Vomer

D= Mastoid air cells

E= Atlas-occipital condyle articulation





A= Zygomatic process of maxilla

B= Anterior border of ascending ramus

C= Coronoid process

D= Odontoid process of axis

E= Maxillary tuberosity



A= Inferior nasal concha B= Inferior nasal meatus

C= Occipital condyle

D= Maxillary sinus



A= Wall of nasal fossa

B= Angle of the mandible

C= Body of the mandible

D= Maxillary sinus

E= Nasal septum



Water’s

Projection



Waters’ Projection



Waters’ Projection

Midsagittal plane of the head isperpendicular to the film

chin touches the film




A= Frontal sinus

B=Crista galli

C=Supraorbital notch

D=Lesser wing of sphenoid



A= Foramen rotundum

B= Foramen ovale

C= Nasal septum

D= Floor of middle cranial fossa



A= Sphenoid sinus

B= Infraorbital foramen and canal

C= Superior orbital fissure



A= Inferior aspect of the base of skull

B= Odontoid process of axis

C= Inferior border of body of mandible







A= Infraorbital rim B= Zygomatic process of maxilla

C= Condyle

D= Coronoid process



A= Common nasal meatus B= Inferior nasal concha

C= Hard palate

D= Superior border of the tongue



A= Nasal septum B= Hyoid bone

C= Zygomatic process of temporal bone

D= Inferior nasal meatus



A= Posterior wall of maxillary sinus

B= Hard palate

C= Soft palate

D= Maxillary tuberosity



A= Inferior border of mandibular canal

B= Left maxillary sinus

C= Ear lobe

D= Mental foramen





A. Articular eminence

B. Sigmoid notch

C. Shadow of contralateral mandible

D. Glenoid fossa

E. Posterior border of ramus

F. Inferior border of mandible

Radiographic anatomy2

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