RADICAL DAYS OF REVOLUTION Section 3 SWBAT: understand why and how radicals abolished the monarchy Explain why the Committee of Public Safety was created.

RADICAL DAYS OF REVOLUTION

Section 3

SWBAT: •understand why and how radicals abolished the monarchy•Explain why the Committee of Public Safety was created and why the Reign of Terror resulted•Summarize how the excesses of the Convention led to the formation of the Directory•Analyze how the French people were affected by the changes brought about by the revolution.

Do Now Tuesday1/15/13

During the French and American revolutions printed materials were the primary means of communication. During WWII, radio and newspapers were the primary means of communication while during the Gulf Wars, television news and the Internet were used by many as the primary source of information.

How has technology and access to it impacted the believability of propaganda?

Radical Revolution

Storming Versailles – Royal family to Paris October 6, 1789

Tensions rise abroad Émigrés were groups of people hoping to

restore the king’s power Louis XVI attempted escape June 21,

1791 Consequence RADICAL transition

National Convention

Radicals take control of the Assembly Call for new legislative body called the

National Convention. Louis XVI put on trial as a traitor to

France

Another Constitution National Convention drafts new constitution

for France. Jacobins radical group control the

Convention erase all traces of the old order

Seized lands of nobles & abolished titles of nobility

Suffrage: the right to vote, for all male citizens, not just property owners

Voted to abolish the monarchy and establish a republic The French Republic

Louis XVI convicted (treason) & sentenced to death Guillotine Executed January 1793

The Royal Family

Marie Antoinette outlived her husband by 9 months

Found guilty of treason: October of 1793 sent to the Guillotine

Marie had two surviving children, Marie Therese & Louis Charles

Louis Charles died in prison in 1795 – age10 Marie Therese exiled &married

died childless in 1851

• three most memorable Jacobins:

1. Georges Danton, 2. Maximilien

Robespierre, 3. Jean-Paul Marat.

Because of a debilitating illness, Marat was forced to work from home.

He was assassinated (in the tub while taking a medicinal bath)

by Charlotte Corday, a Girondist sympathizer, in July, 1793.

The Death of Marat by Jacques-Louis David

Reign of Terror:September 5, 1793-July 27, 1794

Convention continued to face problems domestically

Jacobin political party dominated French politics

Committee of Public Safety Headed by Danton (and later Robespierre)

Those accused of treason were tried by the Committee’s Revolutionary Tribunal

Approximately 15,000 people died on the guillotine

Guillotine became known as the “National Razor”

Growing Coalition against the French Draft to defeat the foreign Coalition

people supported military operations they did not want to be back under the Old Regime

Rouget de Lisle wrote the “Marseillaise” French national anthem Inspired troops as they were led into battle

After 2 years Coalition was defeated France had gained territory

Primary Source

“It is necessary to stifle the domestic and foreign enemies of the Republic perish with them….The first maxim of our politics ought to be to lead the people by means of reason and the enemies of the people by terror….If the basis of popular government in time of peace is virtue, the basis of popular government in time of revolution is both virtue and terror.”

- Mazimilien Robespierre, quoted in Pageant of Europe

Committee of Public Safety

End of the Reign of Terror

• Members of Girondist political party tried to end ROT

• This opposition caused many Girondists to be tried and executed for treason

• Eventually, even Georges Danton wanted to end the executions– resulted in Danton

being executed for treason

• Robespierre leader of the Committee of Public Safety– continued the executions– Convention blamed

Robespierre for the Reign of Terror

• Thermidorean Reaction

• July 27, 1794 – ended Reign of Terror

• Robespierre & other members of the Committee of Public Safety to the guillotine

• Robespierre was guillotined on July 28, 1794

Constitution #3 (1795)

• Revolution Enters Third Stage• Move away from the Convention• Form the DIRECTORY• With the foreign invaders vanquished & Reign

of Terror over, the Convention was finally able to inaugurate its new constitution

• Formed a two house legislature elected by male citizens of property

• Middle class and professional people of the bourgeoisie were the dominant force of this stage

YouTube

french rev song

gaga

Government under the Directory

• 5 directors appointed by the LegislatureExecutive

• Lower house (500 members) proposed laws• Upper house (250 members) voted on these

laws• 2/3 of the Legislature would initially be filled by

members of the Convention

Legislature

• Girondists (middle-class party) had defeated the Jacobins (working- and peasant-class party)

• Girondists’ constitution stated that suffrage (the right to vote), as well as the right to hold office, were limited to property owners

Qualifications

Other Parting ReformsPassed by the Convention

Adopted the metric system

Dealt the final blow to feudalism by

abolishing primogeniture (the

system whereby the oldest son inherited

all of his father’s estate)

Drew up a comprehensive system of laws

Ended debt imprisonment

Ended slavery in France’s colonies

Established a nationwide system of

public education

Directory (1795-1799)The Directory suffered from corruption and poor administration.

The people of France grew poorer and more frustrated with their government.

Despite, or perhaps because of, these struggles, the French developed a strong feeling of nationalism – they were proud of their country and devoted to it.

National pride was fueled by military successes.

It would be a military leader – Napoleon Bonaparte, coming to power through a coup d’état – who would end the ten-year period (1789-1799) known as the French Revolution.

Review Questions

1. What changes occurred after the

Reign of Terror came to an end

2. What human rights were

established in France by the

Declaration of the Rights of Man?

3. How did Olympe de Gouges fight for women’s

rights?

4. What were émigrés, and why did French revolutionaries view them as a threat?

5. Name and describe the two political parties

that competed for power in

revolutionary France.

6. What was the Committee of Public Safety?

7. Describe the Reign of Terror and

explain how it eventually came

to an end.

8. Were the “excesses” of the French Revolution justified? Why or

why not?

9. Looking back at the first half of 1789, could the

French Revolution have been

avoided? If so, how?