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Radiation poisoning introduction

Apr 13, 2017

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Achyut Akhilesh
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Page 1: Radiation poisoning introduction

RADIATION POISONING

A.A.Akhilesh

Page 2: Radiation poisoning introduction

•Radiation is energy that travels in form of waves or high speed particles

•Radiation has a wide range of energies that span the electromagnetic spectrum

•There are two basic types of radiation 1.Non-Ionizing radiation : Light,radiowaves,Microwaves, and Radar. Does not cause any tissue damage 2.Ionizing radiation : Produces immediate chemical effects on human tissue. X-rays, Gamma rays, and particle bombardment (Neutron beam, Electron beam, Protons, Mesons)

Page 3: Radiation poisoning introduction

• Radiation poisoning is the illness and symptoms resulting from excessive exposure to ionizing radiations

• In the body , Bone Marrow and the GI tract are especially sensitive to Radiation Injury

• Children and babies still in the womb are more likely to be severely injured

INTRODUCTION

Page 4: Radiation poisoning introduction

Types of Radiation Exposure

Radiation exposure can be Due to a single large exposure (ACUTE) Due to series of small exposures spread over time (CHRONIC) Radaition exposure can also be Accidental Intentional (Radiation Therapy)

Page 5: Radiation poisoning introduction

UNITS OF RADIATIONThe earliest used Units of measurement of Radiation are Curie and Becquerel •1 Becquerel is equal to one disintegration/second and 1 Becquerel corresponds to 27 Picocuries

The other units are Gray (Gy) and Sievert (Sv)

•Gray (Gy): It is a unit that expresses the energy absorbed by the target tissue per unit mass

•Sievert (Sv): It is a unit of equivalent dose that depends on biologic rather than physical effects of radiation

Page 6: Radiation poisoning introduction

Potency of Radiation is measured in three ways•Roentgen : Roentgen is the unit of exposure. It is the amount of radiation absorbed in air at a given point

•Rad : Rad is the unit of absorbed dose. It is the amount of radioactive energy absorbed per gram of tissue or any material

•Rem : Rem is the product of the absorbed dose and the modifying factors. Rem indicates the degree of potential danger to health

Page 7: Radiation poisoning introduction

ACUTE V/S CHRONIC EXPOSURE

ACUTE EXPOSURE

•Acute exposure is radiation exposure that occurs in a short period of time

•It can be an exposure that occurs once in lifetime (Eg: X-ray of foot for broken leg)

Page 8: Radiation poisoning introduction

Acute exposures can also be exposures that occur more than once, but very infrequently and for short periods of time (Eg: Dental X-rays taken once in every few years)

Acute exposure can result in a small radiation dose ( Like an X-ray) or Large radiation dose that a person could receive in an accident situation

Page 9: Radiation poisoning introduction

CHRONIC EXPOSURE•Chronic exposure is radiation exposure that occurs over a long period of time

•It can beContinuous exposure we receive daily from Natural background radiation ORRadiation exposure that occurs Off and On routinely over a long period of time in your lifeEg: Occupational Radiation Exposure Getting exposed to radiation at work almost daily over working lifetime

Chronic exposure can result in small or large radiation doses

Page 10: Radiation poisoning introduction

SYMPTOMSFactors for the basis of symptoms are

Type and amount of radiation

Duration of exposure

The part of the body which was exposed

Page 11: Radiation poisoning introduction

Signs and Symptoms usually appear when entire body receives an absorbed dose of atleast 1 Gy

Doses greater than 10 Gy to the whole body are generally not treatable and usually lead to death within 2 days-2 weeks

Initial Signs and symptoms of treatable radiation poisoning are Nausea and Vomiting

In general, Greater the radiation exposure, more severe the symptoms will be

Page 12: Radiation poisoning introduction
Page 13: Radiation poisoning introduction

The Chronic effects of Radiation poisoning generally include

•Life shortening•Carcinogenesis •Cataract formation•Chronic radiodermatitis •Decreased fertility•Genetic mutations

Page 14: Radiation poisoning introduction