Race for Empires: Spain, France & England Cortes sent to present-day Mexico in 1519 Aztec ruled by Moctezuma II Aztec had several million people - wealthy.

Race for Empires:Spain, France &

England

•Cortes sent to present-day Mexico in 1519•Aztec ruled by Moctezuma II•Aztec had several million people - wealthy•Malintzin - American Indian woman helped Cortes•Moctezuma sent Cortes gifts to keep him away from the capital city•Cortes took Moctezuma prisoner - Moctezuma dies from battle wounds•With help from other American Indian groups, Spanish conquer Aztec•Hundreds of thousands of Aztec die from disease

Cortes and the Aztec

Pizarro and the Inca Pizarro arrives in Peru in 1531

Inca Empire - Chile to Colombia

Atahualpa - ruler - not worried about Spanish

People weakened by disease

Pizarro kills Atahualpa & conquers Inca in 1534

Spanish in Florida Ponce de Leon reaches Florida on 1513

His attempted settlement of 1521 fails

Narvaez goes to Florida in 1528

Starving - build rafts and sail across Gulf of Mexico

Survivors, including Cabeza de Vaca reach Texas

Cabeza de Vaca lived with Indian groups 8 years until meeting Spanish soldiers in 1536

Quest for Gold De Soto starts in Florida

First European to cross Mississippi

Treats American Indians badly

Vasquez de Coronado goes to New Mexicao in 1540

Goes to Kansas - returns to Mexico in 1542 without gold

Cabrillo sails along California coast 1542-1543

The Spanish Empire Council of Indies created in 1524 to

govern Americas from Spain

Appointed two viceroys or governors

Viceroyalty of Peru - S. America

Viceroyalty of New Spain - C. America, Mexico, southern part of what is now U.S.

Gold & silver from Americas made Spain wealthy

Spanish Colonial Society

Social classes: peninsulares - whites born in Spain, criollos - whites born in Mexico, mestizos - had both Spanish and Indian parents

Women had fewer rights than men. Could own property and pass it to their children.

Economy of New Spain

Enconmienda system - Spanish settlers could tax American Indians or make them work.

Plantations - large farms that grow one crop

Large number of dying American Indians led Spaniards to use African slaves.

Influence of the Catholic Church in New

Spain Priests started mission to convert American Indians to Catholicism

Played major role in ruling New Spain

De Las Casas, who became a priest, condemned the encomienda system’s treatment of American Indians

Early French Settlement

First Efforts: Spain destroyed French Huguenot colonies in

Florida in the 1560

Religious conflicts in Europe slowed French settlement

Quebec founded in 1608

Early French Settlement

Great Lakes Settlements Valuable to France because of the fur trade,

which brought wealth

Traders gave tools, jewelry, and cloth to American Indians in exchange for furs, which were then shipped to Europe

Traders often traveled deep into the wilderness

Question: What industry in France was affected by the

fur trade? What evidence of this effect remains today?

The Expansion of the French Empire

The Mississippi River French heard stories about a large river

Louis Jolliet and others traveled down part of the Mississippi in 1673

In 1682 Rene-Robert de La Salle followed the river to the Gulf of Mexico

The Expansion of the French Empire

New France France called its North American empire New

France Had few settlers French allied with Algonquian and Huron

Indians

Question: How does the French relationship with

American Indians compare to the Spanish relationship with American Indians?

English Settlement A Failed Effort:

Humphrey Gilbert received a charter (document granting royal permission to start a colony) to start a colony in 1578

The effort failed and Gilbert drowned in 1583

English Settlement A Mystery…

Gilbert’s half-brother, Walter Raleigh, tried to start another colony

The colony was established on Roanoke Island, Virginia, in 1585

Abandoned in 1586, resettled in 1587

Discovered deserted in 1590

Historians do not know what happened to the colony

Question Why was it so difficult to keep a colony

going?