Race and Faith UAyeLwin0(B.Sc)

8/6/2019 Race and Faith UAyeLwin0(B.Sc)

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vlrsKd;ESifU ,HkMunfcsuf

tvf[m*sfOD;at;vGif (B.Sc)bmom omoema&;qd kif&m ,HkMunfrIrSmESvkH;om;a&;&mESifh oufqdkifygonf/

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2/11

BEATLES wdk Yonf ]]r[pf(&S f)d k*D}}\ taE0godu wynfhrsm;jzpfMuygonf/tpvmrfbmom0ifrsm;onfvnf; EdkifiHtoD;oD;vlrsdK; toD;oD;wGif &SdMuygonf/ ESvkH;om;

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odyHenf;us ordkif;okawoe? ZD0aA'(Biology) ?rEkaA'(Anthrology)owaA' (Zoology) ? rs d K;d k;ADZaA' (Genetic) ? a&S;a[mif;okawoeaA'(Archology)? ausmufjzpf kyf


3/11

THE MEANINGLESSNESS OF THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL CONCEPTION OF RACE

RACE, SCIENCE, AND HUMAN ITY, PRINCETON, 1963, PP. 1-10, VAN NOSTRAND CO, BRACE.

THE CONCEPT OF RACE, COLLIER BOOKS 1969.]

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4/11

avmued,mrw&m; t&om vlrsdK;wdkY ,SufEG,f(Racial Admixture)NyD;vQiftpOftqufaygufzGm;cJYaMumif; . }} [lonfhtcsufudk wifjycJY bl;ygonf/

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5/11

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,if;wdkYrSm

(1) vltkyfpkwpfpk ra&mufrD t&ifuwnf;uyif &dSonfh vlYtkyfpk

(Pre-Existence)(2) tjcm;vlYtkyfpk\ MoZmvTrf;rdk;rIuif;jcif; (Non-Xominance)

(3) ,Ofaus;rIjcm;em;jcif; (Cultural Difference)

(4) Zpfjrpf&if;cHvlrsKd;tjzpf uJGjym;xif&Sm;aom 0daoo vuPmwdkY &dSjcif;(Self Identification as Indigenous)

tjiif;ryGm;aom tqdkwpf&yfrSmrl wdkif;&if;om;wdkYtm; vlrsKd;jcm;wdkY 0ifa&mufodrf;ydkufcJhonfh a'owpfck rl&if;pJGaexdkifcJhonfh rlvblw rsKd;tkyfpkrS qif;oufvmonfhrsKd;qufrsm;udk ac:onf[k zGifhqdkxm;ygonf/

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ody Hqd ki f&mtjrifody Hqd ki f&mtjrifody Hqd ki f&mtjrifody Hqd ki f&mtjrifody Hqd ki f&mtjrif


6/11

(u) ,leufpudktzGJUBuD;u vlrsKd;ESifh vlrsKd;cGJjcm;rI I obm0udk avhvm&ef odyHynm&Sif(22)OD;yg0ifonfh tzGJUtpnf;udk pkpnf;ay;cJh&m,if;odyHynm&Sifrsm;u vlrsKd;a&;

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(2) rsKd;dk;ADZoabmt& rsKd;wlrsm;omvQif pkaygif;zGJUpnf;xm;onfh a&maxG;rIr&SdonfY rsKd;oefY(Pure Race) rsm;[lonfh vlUtEG,f0ifwdkYonf vHk;0r&Sday/

(3) vlrsKd;tkyfpkrsm; cGJjcm;owfrSwf&m tajccHonfh ]]pH}}rsm;? rlrsm;rSmrwlnDjcif;?rwdus ra&&mjcif;wdkYaMumifh ZD0aA'IaxmifhrSae jrifhjrwfonfh trsKd;?

edrfhusonfhtrsKd; [l owfrSwf vHk;0r&Edkifay/ tydk'f(6)/(4) vlrsKd;rsm;onf xif&Sm;ay:vGifonfh t&nftaoG;rsm;jzifh owfrSwfxm;

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(5) rwlnDaom trsKd;rsm;a&m,Sufaygif;zufjcif;onf vlom;rsKd;EG,fwpf&yfvHk;twGuf ZD0aA'oabmt& rvdkvm;tyfonfhqdk;usKd;rsm;udk jzpfay:aponf[k rnfonfhtcgurQ oufaorxlEdkifcJhyg/ ,if;odkYtrsKd;rsm;a&maESmjcif;

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(8) ZD0aA'qdkif&m awGU&S dcsufrsm;onf vlrsK d;a&;0g'Drsm; pGJudkifxm;onfhvlrsKd;cGJjcm;a&; 0g'ESifh ajymifajymifwif;wif;yifqefYusifvsuf&Sd\/ vlrsKd;cGJjcm;rI oDtkd&Drsm;onf odyHqdkif&m tajccHrsm;&Sdoa,mifa,mif [efaqmifvSnfhjzm;vsuf &Sdonfh vlrsKd;a&; 0g'Drsm;\odyHqdkif&m ynmudk ckwkH;vkyfumvlrsKd;cGJjcm;rI0g' yef;wdkifqDodkY ravsmfruef tvGJoHk;pm;jyKum ac:aqmifoGm;rIwdkYtm; rEkaA'ynm&Sifrsm;u wGef;vSef&ef BudK;yrf;tm;xkwfoifh


7/11

ygonf/ tydk'f(13)/(Biological Aspects of Race . . . . . . .The UNESCO Courier, Paris for April, 1965)

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,if;udkvnf; odyHenf;us taxmuftxm;&SmazG&ef BudK;yrf;csufrsm;&Sdvmygonf/odkYaomf ,aeYwdkif atmif ,if;t,ltqrSm tjiif;ryGm;Edkifonfh odyHqdkif&mawGU&SdcsufScientific Fact wpfck tjzpf owfrSwf r&ao;ay/

urmavmuBuD;rS vlom;rsm;udk eD;uyfpGm pyf,SufESD;EG,fxm;aom taESmif

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odkYaomfaoG;ud k taMumif;jyK aoG;uG Jatmif vkyfaqmifcsufrsm;&Sdaeygonf/trsKd;omacgif; aqmifBuD;AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u 'D;'kwfowif;pm {u'orwGJ eHygwf(41)?Zlvdkif-27&uf? 1935? pmrsufESm(5-6)wdkYwGif trsKd;om;pdwfESifhywfouf a&;om;&mwGif

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t*Fgrsm;rS m trsKd;wdkif;wGifvnf;aumif; (odkYr[kwf ) vlrsKd;oD;jcm;wdkif;wGifvnf;aumif;r&Sdrjzpf[laom tajcodkY a&mufavmufatmif vdktyfaomt&mrsm; r[kwfay/ xdkodkYr[kwfonfrSm &mZ0iftaxmuftxm; rsm;Munfh od&ygonf/

tcsufESifh AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;? a&Twd*Hktv,fyp,H zqyvnDvmcHobifrSvlrsKd;pkudk t"dym,fzGifhjyaom rdefYcGef;aumufEIwfcsufwdkY rSefuefaMumif;udk yx0DEdkifiHa&;(Geo Politics)t& od&ygonf/

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHwdkif;&if;om;vlrsKd;(135)rsKd;wGif pm&if;yg0ifonf[kqdkaomrsKd;wl? aoG;wl? wpfEG,fwnf;ayguf aoG;&if;om;&if;? aoG;csif;om;csif; awmfpyfygonf[kqdkaom wdkif;&if; om;vlrsKd;tcsKdU onfyifvQif yx0DEdkifiHa&; (Geopolitics)t&tjcm;EdkifiHwdkY\ wdkif;&if;om;rsm;tjzpf vnf; wnf&Sdae ygonf/

Oyrm-wkwfjynfwGif jrefrmEdkifiHvnf;&Sdaom vDpl;? 0? vm;[l? *sdef;azm?&Srf;wkwf? udk;uefYponf h vlrsKd;rsm;udkvnf;aumif;? xdkif;EdkifiH u&if? vDql;? vm;[l?tcg? rGef? &Srf;ponfwdkY udkvnf;aumif;? tdEd,EdkifiH csif;? em*ponfwdkYudkvnf;aumif;?b*Fvm;a'h&SfEdkifiH csif;? &cdkif? A&rmBuD;ponfwdkYudkvnf;aumif; tqdkygEdkifiHrsm;\


8/11

aus;Zl;opmudkapmifhodaom wdkif;&if;om;tjzpf &SdaeMuonfudk awGU&Sd&ygonf/

xdkYaMumifh aoG;wlcsif;xuf pdwfcsif;wlNyD; at;twl yltrQ? aumif;wlqdk;buf

yl;aygif;vsufaevdkaom tpOftvmqEay:wGif 0HomEk&udw w&m;wnf;[laomtrsKd;om;a&;pdwfonf wnfrSDae aMumif; xif&Sm;vSayonf/

txufazmfjyyg vlrsKd;pkrsm;onf tzbuf? trdbufrS aqGrsKd;t&if;BuD;awGjzpfonf[kqdkaomfjim;vnf; if;wdkY opmcHaomEdkifiHjcm;aeygu wdkif;&if;om;pnf;vHk;nDnGwfa&;udk xlaxmif Edkifrnfr[kwfyg/

xdkYaMumifh]]trsKd;om;pdwfonf tpkvdkufaeaom vltaygif;wGif twlwlpdwful;qE&Sd pdwfcsif;wlNyD;vQif twlaevdkonfhpdwf}}[k AdkvfcsKyfatmifqef;u zGifhqdkcJhonf[k,HkMunfrdygonf/

kyfudkpdwfuOD;aqmifonfh obm0tpOftvm&Sdonfh tm;avsmfpGm kyfydkif;qdkif&maoG;wljcif; xufemrfydkif;qdkif&m pdwf"mwfwlnDjcif;? opmcH&m wlnDjcif;wdkYtay:tajccHNyD;rSomvQif 0HomEk &udww&m;udk wnfaqmuf&rnfjzpfygonf/

3/ Oya'tjrif

(u) 1947 ckESpf? jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmf\ zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' tcef;(2)? tydk'f (13)wGif

]]Zmwdra&G;? udk;uG,f&mbmomra&G;? a,musfm;rdef;r ra&G;? vlrsKd;ra&G;? EdkifiHom;

[lorQonf EdkifiHawmfw&m;Oya't&mwGif tnDtrQomjzpfonf/ qdkvdk&if;rSmEdkifiHom;wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD;udk odkYwnf;r[kwf EdkifiHom; vlwef;pm;wpfpm;ESifhwpfpm;udkwpfzufowf oabmtwdkif; cGJjcm;jcif;rjyK&}}[k yg&Sdygonf/

(c) 1974 ckESpf? jynfaxmifpkqdk&S,fvpf orwjrefrmEdkifiHawmf zGJUpnf;tkyfcsKyfyHk tajccHOya' tcef; 11? tydk'f 147 wGif

]]EdkifiHomwdkif; vlrsKd;? tqifhtwef;? &mxl;? XmeE&? qif;&Jcsrf;om? ,Ofaus;rI?Zmwd? udk;uG,f&m? bmom? trsKd;om;? trsKd;orD;ra&G; Oya't&mwGif cGJjcm;rIr&SdapbJwef;wlnDrQrI &Sdap&rnf/}}

,if;yk'frudk&Sif;vif;csufwGif

]] . . . . .arG;zGm;&mZmwd? trsKd;om;? trsKd;orD; ponfhuJGjym;jcm;em;rIrsm;onfobm0jzpfdk; jzpfpOfrQomjzpfayonf/ rnfodkYyif uGJjym;jcm;em;rI &SdMuapumrl vlom;tjzpfwlnDpGm arG;zGm;vmcJhMujcif; jzpfvnf;aumif;? vlom;wdkif; vlU*kPfodum&SdrIudktodtrSwfjyKjcif;jzif h vnf;aumif;? EdkifiHom;wdkif;onf Oya't&mwGif cGJjcm;rIr&SdbJwef;wlnDrQ&SdaMumif; owfrSwf xm;jcif;jzpfayonf/}}[k azmfjyxm;ygonf/

(*) tjynfjynfqdkif&m vlUtcGifhta&; aMunmpmwrf;

(Universal Declartion of Human Rights)


9/11

(1) ed'gef;ydkif;

]]vlom;rdom;pk0if tm;vHk;wdkY\ arG;&myg *kPfodumESifh nDrQNyD; ajymif;vJ

r&aom tcGifhta&;wdkYudk todtrSwfjyKjcif;onf ur m vGwfvyfrI?w&m;rQwrIESifh Nidrf;csrf;rI&&Sda&; twGuf tajccHtcsufyifjzpf\/

(2) vlom;tm;vHk;onf vGwfvyfjcif;ESif h arG;zGm;vmNyD; *kPfodumESif htcGifhta&;ydkif;wGif tm;vHk;wlnDMuonf/ vlom;wGif qifjcifwHkw&m;ESifhtodPfwdkY&Sdum wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD;ud k nDaemif pdwf"mwfjzif h jyKvkyfaqmif&GufqufqHoifh\/ (yk'fr-1)

(3) vlom;tm;vHk;onf aMunmpmwrf;yg vGwfvyfcGifh&ydkifcGifhtm;vHk;udkvlrsKd;? taoG;ta&mif? vdif? bmompum;? udk;uG,fonfhbmom? EdkifiHa&;ESifh

tjcm; cH,lcsuf? vlrsKd;ESif h vlrsKd;a&;Zmwd? ypnf;Opm? "e? arG;zGm;rIESifhtjcm;tqifhtwef; wdkYudkvdkuf vHk;0cGJjcm;rIr&SdbJ cHpm;ydkifcGifh&Sd\/ (yk'fr-2)

(4) vlom;wdkif;onf EdkifiHom;wpfOD;tjzpf tcGifhta&;cHpm;cGifh&Sd\/ rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufurQ vlom;wpfOD;\ EdkifiHom;jzpfrIudk wpfzufowft"r w&m;rJhvufvGwf qHk;HI;atmifjyKydkifcGif h r&Sdovd k? EdkifiHwpfck\EdkifiHom;tjzpfrS tjcm;EdkifiH\ EdkifiH om;tjzpf ajymif;vJcH,lvdkrI udkvnf;jiif;qdkydwfyifcGifh r&Sday/ (yk'fr-15)

(5) touft&G,fjynfhrDNyD;jzpfonfh rnfonfhtrsKd;om;? trsK d;orD;rqdk?vlrsKd;EdkifiHom;? udk;uG,fonfh bmomponfwdkY\ uefYowfabmifcwfrIr&Sdap&bJ xdrf;jrm;ydkifcGifh rdom;pk tdrfaxmif xlaxmifydkifcGifh &Sdap&rnf/(yk'fr-16)

(C) tjynfjynfqdkif&m Oya' (International Law)

(1) vlwpfa,muf\ EdkifiHom;jzpfrIonf jyifyef;kyfvuPmESifh rqdkifay/EdkifiHawmfESifh EdkifiHom;tjzpfudk ol\w&m;0if tqufrjywf qufoG,frIESifhom oufqdkif\/ vlwpfOD; tzdkYEdkifiHom;jzpfjcif;\ tajccHtcsufrSm

vGwfvyf aomEdkifiHa&; vlUabmif tzGJUtpnf;wGif xdkoltzGJU0ifwpfOD;jzpfvmjcif;yifjzpfonf/ uJhodkYw&m;0if qufoG,frIt& EdkifiH ESifhEdkifiHom;wGif tcGifhta&;ESifhwm0efrsm; tjyeftvSef&SdMu onf/ (NAdwdoQ?ruqDudkawmif;cHrIrsm;qdkif&m aumfr&Sifu qHk;jzwfcJhaom vifhcsf trIpD&ifcsufrS aumufEIwfcsuf) (International Law by M.P. Tondon, 1957,P.253)

(2) tjynfjynfqdkif&m Oya'aumfr&Sifu

]]ZmwdrsKd;dk;? udk;uG,fonfhbmomwdkYudk tajccHNyD; vlwpfOD;\ EdkifiHom;


10/11

jzpfrIudk ydwfyif wm;qD;cGifhr&Sd/ (International Law by M.P. Tondon,1957, P.263)

jrefrmrIe,fy,fwGifvnf; aoG;csif;aES m trsKd;csif;a&mum vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfay:vmyHk udkatmufygtwdkif;awGU&SdEdkifygonf/

(1) jrefrmtpwaumif;u? ajymMupOftvm? omuDEG,f&if; 0ifa&mufjcif;? rif;BuD; tbd&mZm}}omuD0ifrsKd;EG,frsm;ESifh rif;BuD;tbd&mZmwdkYrSm tdEd,vlrsKd;rsm;jzpfMu aMumif;udk Ak'0if? &mZ0if? dk;&myHkjyiftrsKd;rsKd;wdkYwGif twdtus azmfjyxm;ygonf/

(2) ]]oufESifh&cdkif? EIdif;NydKifawmifol? ysLurf;,Ha&m? xm;0,faESmu?owjrefrm rsKd;jzpfvm\/}}[ktqdk&SdcJhyg\/ ,if;rluGJrSm

]]a,mESifh&cdkif? EIdif;NydKifxm;0,f? b&,fawmifol? aysmhysLurf;,H?ckepfwefjrefrm [lrSwf}} [ljzpfygonf/

(3) &Srf;jynftp rdkif;armu? &Srf;rif;tp bdEu? bdEutp waumif;u?waumif;tp? omuD,? omuD,tp r[morw? r[morwtpurmOD;u}}

]]ajrcsm0okef? odrfhodrfhwkefrQbkef[kefyk&? ? rZDr0,f? ousomuD? EG,fOD;csD?r[D aomif;us,f? waumif;e,f pHyg,fpH&Tif? rif;yGJ,ifNyD;? OuifyGifhum?qifhqifhjzmvsuf? awZmvQHjcnf? rdkif;armjynfudk? axmifwnfOD;p?

,ifonfuvsif (&Srf;pmqkdBuD; tkef;aygifewfoQif)(okwpG,fpHk? 5^89 ocFga&;onfh ]]tm;vHk; aqGrsKd;t&if;BuD;awG}}aqmif;yg;rS aumufEIwfwifjyygonf/)

wdbuf-jrefrmtEG,f0if ysLEkdifiHysufNyD;aemuf jrefrmEdkifiHtv,fydkif;wGif ,cifuwnf;u &dSaeMuaom ysL? ouf? rGefESifh? yavmif? 0wdkY\ tEG,f0ifrsm;ESifh aemufa&mufwdAuf-jrefrmtEG,f0ifvlrsKd;pkrsm; yl;aygif; vlYtzJGUtpnf;opfwpfckud k wnfaxmufvmMujyefonf/

OD;ukvm;a&; r[m&mZ0ifawmfBuD;wGifum; oa&cw&m ysufokOf;pu EkdifiHtwGif;

wGif ysL? urf;,H? jrefrm[l vlrsKd;pk oHk;pk&dSaMumif; a&;om;xm;ayonf/ (ae&mysLwpfpk? urf;,Hwpfpk? oufwpfpk[k qdk&rnfhtpm; ]]ouf}} ae&m ]]jrefrm}} udkxnfhoGif;a&;om;vsufyg&dS&m xdkae&m ]]jrefrm}} [k trsKd;om;trnfESifh ac:qdka&;rSwfjcif;rSm&mZ0ifrSwfwrf;wdkYwGif a&S;OD;yxr awGU&aom trSwftom;wpfck jzpf\/(OD;jr ]]jrefrmtp yk*Hu}} yk*H&ufowywf? pm-40)

at'D 849 cefYwGif yk*HNrdKUudk ysOfjym;rif; wnfaxmufcJhaMumif; jrefrm&mZ0ifusrf;wdkYuqdkxm;ayonf/ topfay:aygufvmaom tzJGUtpnf;onf aemiftcgwGif yk*H[kxif&Sm;vmaom EdkifiHi,fjzpf ausmufpmwdkYt& xdkEkdifiHi,frSm wr'DyEdkifiHjzpfaMumif;


11/11

od&ayonf/

(tajcjyjrefrmEkdifiHa&;ordkif; yxrwJG? pmrsufES m 254-255)

]]aps;oHk;vnf; r

Race and Faith UAyeLwin0(B.Sc)

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