Rabies Philippines

8/11/2019 Rabies Philippines

1/30

A Cross-Sectional

Study on Rabies in

Cavite


2/30

INTRODUCTION


3/30


4/30

Cont..

Fatal.

Found throughout the world.


5/30

EPIDEMIOLOGY


6/30


7/30

Cont.

Generally, each virus variant is responsible for

rabies virus transmission between members of

the same species in a given geographic area.

The incubation period ranges from 10 days to

more than a year, depending on the entry site.


8/30

Signs and Symptoms

Rabies infection characteristically produces a

rapidly progressive encephalomyelitis

early symptoms are fever, headache, and loss

of appetite that are nonspecific. After a while

the patient becomes restless and disoriented

and may experience seizures.

Hydrophobic


9/30

Cont.

Coma and death usually follow 3 to 20 days

after the onset of symptoms.

Once symptoms have appeared, treatment is

limited to sedatives and painkillers.


10/30

Rabies is primarily a disease of non-human

animals. It is a zoonotic infection, which

means it is passed to humans by animals. It

appears that any mammal species can develop

rabies.


11/30

The prevalence of rabies in specific animal

species varies greatly by geographical region.

Knowing which animals are most likely to be

rabid in a given location is essential to

implementing appropriate preventive and

post exposure measures.

Reservoirs of rabies vary throughout the

world.

All rabies reservoirs are also vectors of the

virus, but not all vectors are reservoirs


12/30

In the Philippines, rabies continues to be a

public health problem.

country is one of the top 10 countries with

rabies problem

Animal bite cases have been increasing for thepast 5 years

Dogs remain the principal cause

WHO


13/30


14/30

Classical Diagnostic Tools and

Techniques Animal Observation

Histochemical Techniques and Direct

Microscopy

Viral Antigen Detection

Virus Isolation and Indirect RABV detection


15/30

Current and Advanced Diagnostic

Tools and Techniques Due to the innovation in molecular biology

and biotechnology through the development

of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Enzyme-

Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), andChromatography, the RABV diagnostic tools

and techniques became more advanced, cost-

effective, time-saving, and more sensitive.


16/30

nucleic acid-based detection: Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain

Reaction (RT-PCR)

Nested Reverse Transcription PolymeraseChain Reaction (NRT-PCR)

TaqMan Real-Time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction

Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification

(NASBA) Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated

Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP)


17/30

Protocols for RABV antigen detection have

also advance that employs

immunochromatography (Rapid

Immunodiagnostic Test, RIDT) and ELISA

(WELYSSA).

Fluorescent Antibody Test (FAT

Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT)


18/30

PREVENTION AND CONTROL


19/30

Lists: Vaccines

Keep dogs and cats under control.

Animal control law

Leave stray or unknown dogs and cats alone

Avoid wild animals even if they appear

friendly, and do not coax a wild animal to eat

from your hand.


20/30

Cont.. Do not fear wild animals, just respect and stay

away from them.

Do not keep wild animals as pets

Make your property unattractive to wild

animals

Feed your pets indoors and keep trash cans

tightly closed.


21/30

Intervention strategies of the City of

Dasmarias: Rabies shots are given to dogs every office

hours whole year round at the Veterinary

Office.

post-exposure treatment program

Municipal Ordinance No. 2000-004


22/30

ISSUES AND PROBLEMS


23/30

Despite the establishment on various policiesto control rabies, it continues to be a

significant cause of human and animal deaths

not just in the Philippines, but in many parts

of the world. ASEAN rabies experts identified

logistics, sociocultural factors and resources as

major roadblocks in achieving the goal of

completely eliminating the disease by 2020.


24/30

Logistics rabies remains a neglected disease in most

countries of the South-East Asian region

perception of policymakers

lack of support and commitment from local Chief

Executives increasing number of dogs and cats roaming the

streets

lack of awareness on rabies prevention andcontrol

lack of support from other sectors.


25/30

Sociocultural Philippines, the Dog Meat Eating Country

- aside from being pet and accompanion it extendsto our stomachs, branding our country, the DogMeat Eating Country. The Bureau of Animal Industrychief noted that this trade may involve health

issues, risking possible rabies and other bacterialinfection due to the unsanitary and inhumanehandling of the animal. During transport, the dogsfeet are tied together behind their backs and

mouths muzzled making it impossible for them tobreathe properly, killing them, even before theyreach their destination,


26/30

Cont..

Cultural beliefs- garlic and a few drops of vinegar

- Quack doctor

Status- It is the poorest of the population that are

most at risk of exposure and death from rabies,

and this segment of society is often overlooked.


27/30

Resources

Another constraint of rabies control here inthe Philippines is the limited funding for

project implementation.


28/30

end


29/30


30/30

Pasterov Zavod. [internet]. (undated). Rabies Diagnosis in Humans. Novi Sad: Pasteur Institute:National Reference Laboratory for Rabies. [cited 29 July 2014]. Available from:http://www.paster.org.rs/en/rabies-diagnosis-in-humans.html

Yang DK, Shin EK, Oh YI, Lee KW, Lee CS, Kim SY, Lee JA, Song JY. 2012. Comparison of four diagnosticmethods for detecting rabies viruses circulating in Korea.J Vet Sci. 13(1): P 4348

http://www.dasmarinas.gov.ph/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=53

http://doh.dc.gov/service/rabies-prevention

Tacio, H. Rabies Deadlier Than Ever. Business Mirror. March 21, 2013 Retrieved July 31 2014 fromhttp://businessmirror.com.ph/index.php/en/features/health-fitness/10987-rabies-deadlier-than-ever

Buban C. Major roadblocks for complete elimination of rabies. Philippine Daily Inquirer. January 31,2014 Retrieved July 31 2014 from http://business.inquirer.net/162575/major-roadblocks-for-complete-elimination-of-rabies#ixzz38y2V

The South-East Asia Dog Rabies Elimination Strategy. Retrieved July 31 2014 from http://www.rr-asia.oie.int/fileadmin/SRR_Activities/SEA_Rabies_Strategy_-_OIE_Final_Draft.pdf

Galvez, JK. Rabies threatens dog meat eatersexperts. The Manila Times September 27, 2013Retrieved July 31 2014 from http://www.manilatimes.net/rabies-threatens-dog-meat-eaters-experts/39738/

Rabies Philippines

Documents