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Albany Plan of Union

Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin Called for a council of delegates from each

colony with a leader appointed by the British king

Not approved because each colony wanted to control its own taxes and make its own decisions

Road to Revolution

1

Proclamation of 1763

Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

Disliked by many of the colonists

Road to Revolution1763

2

Sugar Act

Tax on foreign molasses and sugar Colonists refused to pay it


3

Quartering Act

Required colonists to house British soldiers and provide them with food and supplies


4

Stamp Act

First direct tax on colonists by Parliament

Forced people to pay a tax on items such as newspapers, playing cards, and legal documents


Colonists believed it went against the idea of no taxation without representation (since no American voted in elections to Parliament)

5

Sons/Daughters of Liberty

Protest group who helped organize boycotts Sam Adams was an outspoken leader of the

Sons of Liberty in Boston Women signed pledges against drinking tea,

promised not to buy British-made cloth, and met at spinning clubs to make their own cloth

Road to Revolution

6

Boycott

Refusal to buy goods or have dealings with a country or other entity

Colonists boycotted (or, refused to buy or sell) British goods

Road to Revolution

7

Declaratory Act

Act stated that parliament had the right to rule and tax the colonies

Passed after Parliament put an end to the Stamp Act, to warn colonists against future protests


8

Townshend Acts

Set of laws designed to raise money from the colonies

Acts placed import taxes on paint, glass, lead, paper, and tea coming into America.

Acts also allowed British officials warrants to search anywhere for suspected smuggled goods.


9

Boston Massacre

Boston citizens were angry at the sight of red-coated soldiers on the streets.

Group of Boston civilians began insulting and throwing snowballs at a British guard. More soldiers arrived.

Mob of civilians surrounded soldiers in protest, and in the confusion the soldiers fired their guns into the crowd and 5 civilians died.

Following Boston Massacre, Townshend Acts were repealed (ended), except for the tax on tea.


10

Boston Massacre


Committees of Correspondence

Network of communication for passing along news of British activity to the colonies

Organized by Samuel Adams in Massachusetts

Also formed in other colonies


11

Tea Act

Designed to help the East India Company, who was struggling financially

Gave company exclusive rights to sell tea directly to the Americans without paying the British import tax

Cut out business for colonial sea captains and merchants

Colonists protested the act


12

Boston Tea Party

Organized by a group of about 50 men (from the Sons of Liberty), disguised as Mohawk Indians

Dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor from a ship in Boston


13

Coercive (or Intolerable) Acts

Laws meant to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party

1) Closed port of Boston until payment made for tea2) British officials accused of a crime were to be

tried in English rather than American courts3) British troops could be quartered in any town in

Massachusetts—even in private homes4) Reduced Massachusetts’ right to self

government


14

Quebec Act

Extended the Canadian province of Quebec south to the Ohio River

Allowed French Canadians to keep their laws, language, and Roman Catholic religion

Colonists saw act as first step toward doing away with jury trials and Protestantism in the colonies, and an attempt to keep American settlers out of the western lands


15

First Continental Congress

Group of delegates from every colony except Georgia who met in Philadelphia

Did not seek independence at this time Sought rather to right the wrongs that had been

inflicted on the colonies and hoped that a unified voice would gain them a hearing in London


16

Suffolk Resolves

Set of resolutions passed at a meeting in Boston– Demanded return to constitutional government– Demanded an end to trade with Great Britain– Plan for arming and training of militia

Paul Revere brought a copy to First Continental Congress, who passed the resolves


17

Militia

A group of citizens who would be ready to fight in any emergency

Road to Revolution

18

Minutemen

Members of a militia who could be ready to fight at a “minute’s” notice

Minutemen were usually 25 years of age or younger, and they were selected (from the militia) for their enthusiasm, reliability, and strength

Road to Revolution

19

Lexington and Concord


Lexington and Concord

First battles of the American Revolution British soldiers marched toward Concord to take

American’s supply of guns and gunpowder British were surprised by group of minutemen in

Lexington (a town on the way to Concord) British casualties were nearly three times those

of the Americans


20

Second Continental Congress

Delegates from all 13 colonies met in Philadelphia

George Washington chosen to build a Continental Army


21

Olive Branch Petition

Petition sent to the King by the Second Continental Congress begging him to stop the war and make peace with the colonists

Unsuccessful—George III declared the Americans to be rebels and the colonies went to war


22

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