R-STAR World Geography - Rockwall High School Choirrockwallchoir.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/9/6/12969494/staar_review...C. A high standard of living ... Infant Mortality Life Expectancy

R-STAR World Geography

© W. B. West 1

Part I: Physical Geography

A. The Earth-Sun Relationship

Axial Tilt- At what latitudes will you find the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn? At what latitudes will you find the Arctic and Antarctic Circles?

What causes the changing of the seasons?

What are solstices and equinoxes? When do they occur? Why are the seasons reversed in the northern and southern hemispheres?

B. Define the terms and answer the questions.

Lithosphere- Hydrosphere-

What are the four ways tectonic plates intersect with one another? What are the two main ways in which ocean currents affect climates?

Atmosphere- Biosphere-

Why does temperature tend to decrease as elevation increases? What are the upper and lower boundaries of the biosphere?


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C. How do each of the following affect climate in a given region? D. Define each of these terms associated with physical geography:

Latitude Continental Drift-

Convection Currents-

Fault-

Hurricane-

Precipitation-

Rain Shadow-

Ring of Fire-

Subduction Zone-

Continentality (distance from coast)

Elevation

Mountain Barriers

Ocean Currents

Monsoons (These are caused by the semi-permanent pressure cells that are the ‘P’ in LACEMOPS.)


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D. For each the following, describe the named landform. Below the dotted line in each section, sketch a diagram to illustrate your explanation.

Peninsula- Isthmus- Strait- Mountain-

Valley, U-shaped- Valley, V-shaped- Mesa- Delta-

Which of the above are formed by weathering and erosion?

What do we call a U-shaped valley that opens on to the sea?


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Review Quiz #1 1. This landform is described as a piece of land sticking out from a larger piece of land into a body of water. Florida and Italy are prime examples of this. A. Isthmus B. Continent C. Peninsula 2. By far the most dangerous of plate boundaries, these occur when a continental plate converges with a oceanic plate, forcing the oceanic plate under, into the mantle, with earthquakes and volcanoes as the usual result: A. Subduction zone B. Divergent boundary C. Seduction zone 3. A narrow piece of land that connects two larger pieces of land. All of the most important ones have ship canals dug through them. A. Isthmus B. Continent C. Delta 4. These are massive pieces of the earth’s crust that “float” upon the magma beneath: A. Peninsulas B. Straits C. Tectonic plates 5. The tectonic plates are constantly in motion because they are pushed by ___ in the magma upon which they “float”: A. Coriolis effects B. Convection currents C. Faults

6. A narrow body of water that joins together two larger bodies of water: A. Strait B. Gulf C. Sea 7. The Ring of Fire is a zone of volcanic activity that surrounds the ___ Ocean. A. Atlantic B. Pacific C. Indian 8. A flat-topped mountain A. Mesa B. Hill C. Peninsula 9. The mountain range running along the middle of the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean was formed by a ___ boundary, where the plates move away from each other. A. Divergent B. Convergent C. Transform 10. Every educated person should know that ___ causes the changing of the seasons. A. the rotation of the earth B. axial tilt C. the earth’s orbital variation

11. The two days of the year on which the daylight hours and the nighttime hours are exactly 12 hours long are known as: A. equinoxes B. solstices C. equilaterals 12. Which of the following types of precipitation causes a rain shadow to occur? A. frontal B. convectional C. orographic 13. A location’s proximity to the coast of a large body of water affects its precipitation and its __. A. average annual temperatures B. temperature changes from summer to winter C. frequency of tornado activity 14. U-shaped valleys that open on to the sea are known as ___. A. Fjords B. Glens C. Arroyos 15. The earth is tilted on its axis at ___. The Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn are located at ___ N and ___ S latitude. The Arctic and Antarctic Circles are located at 90° - ___ N and 90° - ___ S latitude. A. 33.3° B. 17.5° C. 23.5°


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Part II: Human Migration and Settlement

A. How do each of the following physical features and environmental conditions influence migration, human settlement, and population density?

Ease of migration Benefits of settlement Modern population density

Coasts easy Food, transportation, more moderate climate Higher on average

than inland regions

Deserts

Forests (and Rain Forests)

Temperate Grasslands

Mountains

Natural Resources (not including fresh water)

n/a Access to natural resources Higher than similar

places without resources

Oases

Pleasant Climate

Rivers

B. Give examples of the different varieties of push-pull factors that cause human migration.

Environmental Political Economic Cultural

Push

Pull


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C. Below is a list of ways in which humans alter or adapt to their environment. In the space provided, explain the benefits and drawbacks of each.

Benefits Drawbacks

Air Conditioning

Canals

Dams

Deforestation

Desalinization Plants

Highways

Slash-and-burn Agriculture

Terrace Farming

D. How to humans try to cope with each of the following natural disasters? Check all that apply.

Prevention Detection/early warning

Build for protection/survival

Evacuation Other (please list)

Flood

Tornado

Hurricane

Earthquake

Tsunami

Volcano


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Review Quiz #2

1. Push-pull factors are the factors responsible for human ___. A. Language B. Culture C. Migration 2. In which of the following regions would you most likely find terraced farming? A. Coastal areas B. Mountains C. Grasslands 3. The three main reasons for the construction of dams are controlling the water supply, flood control, and ___. A. Generating electricity B. Terraced farming C. Earthquake prevention 4. Slash-and-burn agriculture is a major source of what in the Amazon Basin? A. Deforestation B. Flooding C. Water pollution 5. Tsunamis are caused by: A. Tidal forces B. Hurricanes C. Earthquakes

6. Which of the following states is located in Tornado Alley? A. Pennsylvania B. New Mexico C. Oklahoma 7. Desalinization plants are most likely found in: A. Mountainous regions near one or more rivers B. Arid regions near the coast C. Tropical wet and dry climate regions 8. Which of the following could be an example of an economic push factor? A. High unemployment B. Religious persecution C. A high standard of living 9. Coastal regions tend to have: A. Higher population densities than other regions at similar latitudes B. Lower population densities than other regions at similar latitudes C. The same population densities than other regions at similar latitudes 10. Which of the following regions tend to have the lowest population density? A. Mountians B. Deserts C. Tropical rain forests


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Part III: Culture, Religion, Demographics, Governments, and Economics

A. Answer these questions about the basics of human culture.

1. What are elements of culture (cultural traits)? List as many as you can.

2. What cultural traits are most often used to identify different regions of the world? Give examples.

3. List the two ways culture changes and define each.

4. What effect do war, migration, and trade have on cultural diffusion?

5. Give examples of how cultural diffusion has affected your life in the United States.

6. Give examples of the diffusion of American culture to other parts of the world.

7. Give examples of traits from other cultures that our culture strongly disagrees with due to moral or ethical reasons.


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B1. Fill in the chart, giving the requested information (where applicable) about each of the following religions.

Founder Primary Scriptures Important Beliefs

Animism

Buddhism Each tradition has

different scriptures

Christianity

Hinduism

Islam

Judaism

Sikhism Adi Granth

(Guru Granth Sahib)

B2. Using the color key below, color the map to reflect the distribution of modern world religions.

Animist (Traditonal, Tribal) Yellow

Buddhist Orange

Christian (Catholic) Purple

Christian (Protestant) Blue

Hinduism Red

Islam Green

Judaism Pink

Sikhism Light Green

Is there any continent that does not have an area that is predominantly Christian?


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Review Quiz #3

1. The two means by which a culture changes are ___ and diffusion. A. Innovation B. Randomization C. Maturation 2. A(n) ___ group is a minority group within a larger society, with its own culture and sense of a common heritage. A. Creole B. Ethnic C. Density 3. A version of a language that reflects changes in speech patterns related to class, region or other cultural changes is called a ___. A. Creole language B. Dialect C. Pidgin tongue 4. Modern cultures tend to focus on ___, while traditional cultures focus mainly on ___. A. Language/religion B. Religion/technology C. Technology/religion 5. Besides allowing us to communicate, language is important because it: A. Makes all technology possible B. Creates a bond of identity between speakers C. Is the defining line between humans and animals

6. ___ religions tend to worship spirits which are often associated with natural phenomena. A. Monotheistic B. Polytheistic C. Animistic 7. Founded by Prince Siddhartha, this faith focuses on perfecting one’s karma, so that one can achieve Nirvana. A. Judaism B. Islam C. Buddhism 8. Judaism, Christianity, Sikhism and Islam are all considered to be ___ because they believe in only one divine being. A. Monotheistic B. Polytheistic C. Animistic 9. Muslim places of worship are known as ___, while Jewish places of worship are often referred to as ___. A. Mosques/synagogues B. Temples/cathedrals C. Synagogues/mosques 10. The majority of people in Europe belong to which faith? A. Islam B. Christianity C. Judaism


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C1. Define the following terms.

Per capita GDP- Life expectancy- Literacy rate- Infant Mortality-

Human Development Index- A statistic measuring a

country’s standard of living

that includes health,

education, and income

Urban- Rural- Birth Rate

Primary (1°) Economic Activity- Secondary (2°) Economic Activity- Tertiary (3°) Economic Activity- Quaternary (4°) Economic Activity-

C2. Characteristics typical of developed, newly industrialized, and less-developed countries. Check all that apply.

Birth Rate

Infant Mortality Life Expectancy Literacy Rate % College Educated

Per Capita GDP % Urban Dominant Economic Activities

High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low High Low 1° 2° 3° 4°

Developed (First-world)

Newly Industrialized (Second-world, Developing)

Less-developed (Third-world, underdeveloped)


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D1. Identify the characteristics of the following types of government by writing “Yes,” “No,” or “Maybe” in each box.

Republic (Representative

Democracy)

Constitutional Monarchy

Absolute Monarchy

Dictatorship Totalitarianism Theocracy

Free Elections

State-Controlled Media

Hereditary Rulers

Freedom of Speech

Freedom of Religion

Right to a trial by jury (with an impartial judge)

The Rule of Law (even the government must follow the laws)

Control of nearly every aspect of citizens’ lives

Give modern and/or historical examples of each of the types of government above.

D2. Government Questions. (If you need additional space to answer, use the back of this sheet.)

What is the difference between a parliamentary democracy and a presidential democracy? What international organization was founded in 1945 to provide a forum for international dialogue to prevent wars and foster communications among all the countries of the world?


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Review Quiz #4 1. This type of government features a religious leader as head of state, who tries to do “God’s will,” and uses scriptural laws, instead of those made by men. A. Communist republic B. Socialist monarchy C. Theocracy 2. The average amount of money earned per person in a country is known as this: A. Gross Domestic Product B. Per capita income D. Economic trend 3. Currently, the United States’ economy is focused around ___ economic activities. A. Primary and secondary B. Secondary and tertiary C. Tertiary and quaternary 4. Transportation, law-enforcement, and communication systems are all part of a nation’s ___. A. Non-renewable resources B. Supply Network C. Infrastructure 5. A measure of how crowded with people a piece of land is, this is usually measured as the number of people per square mile. A. Population density B. Push-pull factors C. Rate of natural increase D. Cultural hearth

6. Primary economic activities involve: A. Producing finished products from raw materials B. Agriculture and mining C. Service industries 7. Subsistence agriculture is most commonly found in ___ countries. A. Developed B. Newly industrialized C. Less-developed 8. Which of the following is a characteristic of a developed country? A. Low birthrate B. High infant mortality rate C. Low literacy level 9. In which of the following types of government would you expect to find state-controlled media? A. Dictatorship B. Constitutional monarchy C. Republic 10. Which of the following is the best example of a totalitarian state? A. China B. North Korea C. Japan

11. Most people in less-developed countries: A. Are employed in primary economic activities B. Live under totalitarian governments C. Live in an urban environment 12. A democracy in which the head of state is elected separately from the legislature is called a ___. A. Parliamentary democracy B. Presidential democracy C. Constitutional democracy 13. To find this, one must take the total value of all things produced in a country in one year and divide by the population: A. Gross domestic product B. Per capita gross domestic product C. Total national economic product 14. Which term indicates a system of government where the head of state is determined by heredity? A. Monarchy B. Totalitarianism C. Theocracy 15. The Human Development Index measures a people’s standard of living by analyzing their health, income, and ___. A. Freedom B. Taxation C. Education


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E1. Fill in the missing information for each of the following economic systems.

Traditional Economic System

Free Enterprise (capitalism, market economy)

Socialism (mixed system)

Communism (command economy)

Who decides what will be produced?

Who sets prices?

Is barter the main means of exchange?

Do developed, successful countries have this system today?

How much does the government intervene in this system?

Which system has the biggest gap between rich and poor? (Rank 1 – 4, with 4 being the

biggest gap.)

How well does this system deal with new ideas and technology?

Is it likely that a country with this economic system is a democracy?

Where might you find this system today?

E2. Economic Questions. (If you need additional space to answer, use the back of this sheet.)

What is the difference between subsistence agriculture and commercial agriculture?

What is the difference between cottage industries and commercial industries?

What is NAFTA? Name two ways the European Union has tried to use economics to bring the nations of Europe together.


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Review Quiz #5

1. Nations like Cuba and North Korea have this type of economic system, in which the government decides what things to produce and who gets to have the things produced. A. Traditional economy B. Free Enterprise C. Communism 2. Found among only the most primitive peoples on the earth, this economic system relies on barter as the means of exchanging goods that are produces. A. Traditional economy B. Free Enterprise C. Mixed economy 3. NAFTA creates a ___ between the United States, Canada, and Mexico. A. Free trade zone B. Economic bailout fund C. Single currency to be used 4. One valid criticism of a socialist economy is: A. The gap between rich and poor B. Central control of industry is inefficient C. The high rate of taxation 5. Which economic system likely has the most difficulty adapting to new ideas and technology? A. Traditional B. Socialist C. Free enterprise

6. Capitalism is another name for the ___ economic system. A. Communist B. Socialist C. Free enterprise 7. Which of the following can be used as an indication of how large and powerful a nation’s economy is? A. Per capita income B. Gross Domestic Product C. Standard of living 8. In which economic system will you likely find the greatest gap between rich and poor? A. Traditional B. Socialist C. Free enterprise 9. ___ are materials on or in the earth that possess economic value. A. Natural resources B. Primary materials C. Infrastructures 10. Which of the following is a cornerstone of the free enterprise system? A. Barter B. Private Property C. Government control of markets


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IV. Miscellaneous

A1. Regions Definition

Formal Region

Functional Region

Perceptual Region

A2. Give two examples of each type of region and explain why, in your opinion it is a region.

Formal

Functional

Perceptual

B. Research

When conducting research, what is the difference between a primary source and a secondary source?


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C. Create a key and color the following nations.

⃝ Canada ⃝ United Kingdom ⃝ Iraq ⃝ India ⃝ Argentina ⃝ Panama ⃝ North Korea

⃝ Mexico ⃝ Russia ⃝ Iran ⃝ Saudi Arabia ⃝ Pakistan ⃝ France ⃝ Venezuela

⃝ USA ⃝ Brazil ⃝ China ⃝ Japan ⃝ Australia ⃝ Egypt ⃝ Indonesia

R-STAR World Geography - Rockwall High School Choirrockwallchoir.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/9/6/12969494/staar_review...C. A high standard of living ... Infant Mortality Life Expectancy

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