Introduction of HRM: Human resource management is an approach to the management of people, based on four fundamental principles. First, human resources are the most important assets an organization has and their effective management is the key to its success. Second, this success is most likely to be achieved if the personnel policies and procedures of the enterprise are closely linked with, and make a major contribution to, the achievement of corporate objectives and strategic plans. Third, the corporate culture and the values organizational values may need to be changed or reinforced, and that continuous effort, standing from the top, will be required to get them accepted and acted upon. Finally, HRM is concerned with integration – getting all the members of the organization involved and working together with a sense of common purpose. HRM is a strategic approach to the acquisition, motivation, development and management of the organizations human resources. It is specialized field that attempts to develop programs, policies and activities to promote the satisfaction of the both individual and organizational needs, goals and objectives. HRM is proactive rather reactive, i.e., always looking forward to what needs to be done and then doing it, rather than waiting to be told what to do about recruiting, paying, or training people or dealing with 1
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Introduction of HRM:
Human resource management is an approach to the management of people,
based on four fundamental principles. First, human resources are the most important
assets an organization has and their effective management is the key to its success.
Second, this success is most likely to be achieved if the personnel policies and
procedures of the enterprise are closely linked with, and make a major contribution to,
the achievement of corporate objectives and strategic plans. Third, the corporate
culture and the values organizational values may need to be changed or reinforced,
and that continuous effort, standing from the top, will be required to get them
accepted and acted upon. Finally, HRM is concerned with integration – getting all the
members of the organization involved and working together with a sense of common
purpose.
HRM is a strategic approach to the acquisition, motivation, development and
management of the organizations human resources. It is specialized field that attempts
to develop programs, policies and activities to promote the satisfaction of the both
individual and organizational needs, goals and objectives. HRM is proactive rather
reactive, i.e., always looking forward to what needs to be done and then doing it,
rather than waiting to be told what to do about recruiting, paying, or training people or
dealing with the employee relations problems as they arise. The techniques for the
application of HRM will include many familiar functions of personnel managers, such
as manpower planning, selection, performance appraisal, salary administration,
training and management development. This HRM is production model approach to
personnel management. The HRM model is characterized as being employee-oriented
with an emphasis on the maximization of individual skills and motivation through
consultation with the workforce so as to produce high levels of commitment to
company strategic goals. Any organization whether a business organization or an
industrial enterprise needs four important resources i.e., Money, Material, Men, &
Machine not only for its growth and future development but also even for its
continuance and survival. Since Management is getting things done through the
efforts of these people, manpower management has also become a difficult task in fact
without the productive efforts of human being, materials, and resources would be of
no use. It even controls the application of other resources. For the efficient use of all
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the resources, the employment of a suitable human force is essential. Human
resources management is concerned with this aspect of the essential.
Recruitment & Selection:
Recruitment:
In the words of Edwin & Fillipo. “Recruitment is the process of searching for
prospective employees and stimulating them to apply for jobs in the organization”.
According to this definition recruitment is a prospecting job where
organizations make searching for prospective employees but in practice prospective
employees for also seek out organizations like organizations seek out prospective
employees. Therefore, the job of dependent on timing otherwise, recruitment will not
be successful. Recruitment represents the first contact that a company makes with
potential employees.
Selection:
Selection is the process of picking individuals (out of the pool of job
applicants) with requisite qualifications and competence to fill jobs in the
organization. Recruitment and selection are the two crucial steps in the HR process
and are often used interchangeable. There is, however, a fine distinction between the
two steps. While recruitments refer to the process of identifying and encouraging
prospective employees to apply for jobs, selection is concerned with picking the right
candidates from a pool of applications. Selection, on the other hand, is negative in its
application in as much as it seeks to eliminate as many unqualified applicants as
possible in order to identify the right candidates. As stated in the previous chapter, the
term recruitment is widely used to refer to the whole process of employee hiring.
Need for the study
In today's rapidly changing business environment, organizations have to
respond quickly to requirements for people. Hence, it is important to have a well-
defined recruitment policy in place, which can be executed effectively to get the best
fits for the vacant positions. Selecting the wrong candidate or rejecting the right
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candidate could turn out to be costly mistakes for the organization. Selection is one area
where the interference of external factors is minimal. Hence the HR department can use
its discretion in framing its selection policy and using various selection tools for the
best results. This case discusses the importance of having an effective recruitment and
selection policy. It discusses the reason behind selecting this topic consists of a good
selection process that starts with gathering complete information about the applicant
from his application form and ends with inducting the candidate into the organization.
It is important to have an effective recruitment and selection policy in an
organization, because of the recent trends that have influenced the process of
recruitment and selection in an organization, various challenges faced by organizations
in the process of recruiting and selecting employees. Better recruitment & selection
strategies result in improved organizational outcomes. The more effectively
organizations recruit and select candidates, the more likely they are to hire & retain
satisfied employees. Recruitment is the process of seeking people to apply for a vacant
position in an organization and selection is choosing the most suitable person for the
job.
Significance of the Study:
Personal management is an art of recruiting selection and placement in any
organization. If human resource planning, procedure is not proper in any organization
that will lead to unqualified staff, excess staff or lack of staff.
The research have made an attempt to study the various categories of the
employees to know their problem in the organization, so that researcher‘s intervention
may be more meaningful. The study done by the research may help for further
research and learning process.
Scope of the Study:
The study covers follow the study on issues like
Interview panel,
Salary levels of the employees,
Sources of recruitment and selection,
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Main sources of recruitment verification,
Using problem solving techniques
Trade unions influence in recruitment and selection and
Issues relating to training after the selection process which also have impact
on the overall satisfaction and performance of the employee. The study is
conducted only on employees of KDMPMACU ltd., Vijayawada, which forms
the universe of this study.
Objectives of the study:
The objectives of the study are to examine the Recruitment and Selection in
Krishna District Milk Producers Mutually Aided Cooperative Union Ltd. With
specific emphasis on the following:
• Identify the major stages in the recruitment and selection process
• Determine which recruitment & selection practices affect organizational
outcomes
• Evaluate the job description and person specification
• Determine present and future requirements of the organization in conjunction
with its personnel planning and job analysis activities.
• To give Suitable suggestions based on this study.
Research Methodology:
Following data is collected from the various sources like Primary Data and
Secondary data.
Sources of Data:
1. Primary Data is collected by discussions and interviews with the
executives of the Union and the researcher has collected the data and
the opinions of Employees about the Training and Development.
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2. Secondary Data is mainly collected from the annual reports of the
Krishna Milk union and Websites of the company.
3. Sample size – The sample Size is restricted to 100 employees.
Limitations of the Study:
The study was completed in a span of 4 weeks. Based on the objective of the
study, great care was taken in the collection of data throughout the study.
The following are some to the limitations during the study:
The limited time it is not possible to collect the full information about the
organization.
Sample size is only 100.
The study is being conducted only in the Krishna district milk union and city.
In-Depth analysis was not made due to limited availability of time.
The selected sample may or may not represent the entire work force.
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INDUSTRY PROFILE
Industry Scenario:
India with 57m cows and 39 buffaloes has the largest population of cattle in the
world. Milk production gives employment to 70m dairy farmers. In terms of the total
production, India ranks 2nd to USA with a production of 71m tons in 1997-98. Milk
production is expected to cross 74m tons in 1998-99, making India the no 1 milk
producing nations in the world. Although milk producing has grown at a fast pace
during the last three decades, milk yield per animals is very low in India at around
1.5lt per day. The main reason for the yield is; lack of use of scientific practices in
mulching inadequate availability of fodder in all seasons, unavailability of veterinary
health service.
Operation flood:
The transition of the Indian milk industry from a situation of net import to that of
surplus has been led by the efforts of national dairy development board operation
flood programmed under the aegis of the former chairman of the board Dr. kurien.
Launched in 1970, operation flood has led to the modernization of Indian dairy
sector and created a strong network distribution of milk has increased from 132GM
per day in 1950 to over 220gm per day in 1998. The main thrust of operation flood
was to organize dairy co-operatives in the milk-shed areas of the village, and to link
them to the four metro cities which are the main markets foe milk. The efforts
undertaken by NDDB have not only led to enhanced production improvement in
methods of processing and developing of a strong marketing network, but have also
led to the emergence of dairying as an important sources of the employment and
income generation in the rural areas, it has also led to an improvement in yields,
longer locations periods, shorter calving intervals etc., through the use of modern
breeding techniques. Established of milk collection centers and chilling centers has
enhanced life of raw milk enabled minimization of wastage due to spoilage of milk.
Operation of flood has been of one the world’s largest dairy developing programmed
and looking at the success achieved on India by adopting the co-operative route a few
other countries have also replicated the model of India’s white revolution.
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Market size for milk sold in loose /package form is estimated to be 33m tons
valued at Rs429bn. The market is currently growing at round 4.5% pa in volume
terms. It is one of the single largest segments amongst food products.
Milk production is largely concentrated in few states namely Uttar Pradesh,
Gujarat, Punjab, Rajasthan, & Haryana. Milk production grew by a mere pa between
1947 and 1970. Since the yearly 1970’s under operation flood, production growth
increase significantly averaging over 5%pa. About 75% of milk is consumed at the
house hold level which is not a part of commercial dairy industry; milk demand in
four large metros is estimated to be 6m liters per day about 40% of which is supplied
by 10 public sectors/co-operative dairy plants. The bulk of remainders are supplied by
the traditional unorganized sector. Loose milk has a larger market in India as it is
perceived to be fresh by most consumers. In reality however, it opposes a higher risk
of adulteration and contamination.
Operation flood achievement:
State/UT No. of DCS
Organized
(cumulative)
Farmer
members
(000)
Women
members
(000)
Milk
procurement
(TKGPD)
Milk
Marketing
(TLPD)
Andhra
Pradesh
4,647 779 144 1087 1130
Asam 66 3 0 3 7
Bihar 5,183 265 39 553 303
Chhattisgarh 526 25 6 26 31
Delhi NA NA NA NA 2353
Goa 175 175 19 3 31
Gujarat 12,025 2458 633 6441 2353
Haryana 5,382 261 38 405 278
Himachal
Pradesh
391 20 7 25 20
Jammu &
kashmir
** ** ** ** **
Jharkhand 80 2 0 6 191
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Karnataka 10,114 1838 527 2961 1711
Kerala 3,282 750 132 764 848
Madhya
Pradesh
5,008 246 37 457 315
Maharashtra 19,537 1637 398 2802 2749
Nagaland 78 3 0 4 4
Orissa 2,164 142 60 203 158
Pondicherry 104 36 16 57 70
Punjab 6,749 405 50 784 526
Rajasthan 12,714 594 152 1,557 1,014
Sikkim 209 7 0 8 8
Tamilnadu 7,832 1,876 639 2,085 1,507
Tripura 84 4 1 3 9
Uttar
Pradesh
18,776 861 246 828 430
West Bengal 2,449 185 65 336 706
All India 1,17,575 12,416 3,194 21,447 16,808
Dairy co-operative progress on key parameters during 2006-2007
Marketing size and growth:
Market size for milk (sold in loose/package form) is estimated to be 33m tons
valued at Rs.429bn. the market is currently growing at round 4.5% pa in volume
terms. It is one of the single segments amongst food products. Milk production is
largely concentrated in few states namely Uttra Pradesh, Punjab, Gujarat, Rajasthan.
And Haryana, milk production grew by a mere 1% between 1947 and 1970. Since the
early 70’s under operation flood, production growth increased significantly averaging
over 5%.About 75% of milk is consumed at the household level which is not a part of
commercial dairy industry. Milk demand in four large metros is estimated to be 6m
it’s per day, about 40% of which is supplied by the traditional unorganized sector.
Loose milk has a larger market in India as it is perceived to be fresh by most
consumers. In reality however, it poses a higher risk of adulteration and
contamination.
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Major players:
The packed segment milk segment is dominated by the dairy co-operative milk
marketing federation (GCMF) is the largest player. All other local dairy co-operatives
have their local brands (for e.g. Gokal, warana in Maharashtra, saras in Rajasthan, verka
in Punjab, Vijaya in Andhra Pradesh, Aavin in tamilnadu etc.,) am rut industries, once a
leading player in the sector has turned bankrupt and is facing liquidation. The dairy
industry was deli censed in 1991 with a view to encourage private investment and flow of
capital and new technology in the segment. Although licensing attracted large number of
player, concerns on issues like excess capacity, sale of contaminated/substandard quality
of milk products etc. induced the government to promulgate the MMPO (milk products
order) in 1992. MMPO prescribes state registration to plants producing between 10000 to
75000 liters of milk per day or more that 3750 tons per year on milk solids have to be
registered with the central government. The stringent regulations, government controls
and licensing requirements for new capacities have restricted large Indian and minelayers
from making significant investment in this product category. Most of the private sector
players have restricted themselves to manufacture of value added milk products like baby
food, dairy whiteners, condensed milk etc.
Indian world’ largest milk producers:
India has become the world’s no.1 milk producing country, with output in 1999-
2000 (marketing year ending March 2000) forecasting at 78 million tones. United
States, where the milk production is anticipated to grow only marginally at 71 million
tones, occupied the top in the year 1997. India’s milk production was on par with the
U.S. at 557 million tones would continue the study progress in milk production in the
growth pattern has been attributed to a sustained expansion in domestic demand
although per capital consumption is modest at 70kg of milk equivalent.
Annual milk production has trebled:
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India’s annual milk production has more than trebled in the last 30 years, rising
from 21 million tons in 1968 to an anticipated 80 million tons in 2001. This raped
growth and modernization is largely credited to the contribution of dairy co-operation,
under the operation flood (of) project assisted by many multilateral agencies including
the European. Union the world bank, FAO a WEP (world food program). In the
Indian context of poverty and malnutrition. Milk has a special role to play for its
many nutritional advantages as well as providing supplementary income some 70
million farmers in over 500.000 remote villages.
World’s Top Milk Producers:
Countries 1998 1997 1996
Indian 74 71 6
United states 71 71 70
Russian federation 33 34 36
Pakistan 22 21 20
Brazil 22 21 19
Ukraine 14 15 16
Poland 12 12 11
New Zealand 12 11 10
Aistrelia 10 9 9
Ec 125 15 125
World (include others) 557 549 542
Source: as for the website.www.vijayadairy.com.
Indian diary industry:
Indians modern dairy sector has expanded rapidly. From an insignificant 200,000
liters per day (1pd) of milk being processed in 1951, the organized sector is presently
handling some 20 million 1pd in over 400diary plants. Already, one of the world’s
largest liquid milk plants is located in Delhi, handling over 800000 liters of milk per
day (Mother dairy, Delhi). India’s first automated dairy (capacity: 1 million 1pd)-
mother dairy, Gandhi agar- has been established at Gandhi nagar near Ahmadabad,
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Gujarat, in western India. India is owned by India’s biggest diary co-operative group,
Gujarat co-operative milk marketing federation (FCMMF) in and, within annual
turnover in excess of Rs.3 billion capacity of 1.5 million 1pd has also been
commissioned. India’s first vertical dairy (capacity: 400,0001pd), owned by the
Pradesh cooperative dairy federation (PCDF) has been commissioned at Noida,
outside Delhi.
Objectives of Indian Dairy Corporation:
To promote dairy industry in the country.
To assist the state government and other organization including co-operation
societies interested in the promotion of provide a package a of technical inputs
for enhancement of milk products.
To assist in expanding the capacity and operations of existing dairies in big
cities and rural areas.
To assist in development of allied industry required to meet the needs of dairy
development.
The winning edge:
A vast market or dairy products is being built as disposable incomes increase. It is
focus is the increasingly affluent middle class, numbering some 300 million almost
the population f the united states- which is confined to well- defined urban pocket and
is easily accessible. Milk occupies pride of place as the most coveted food in the
Indian diet, after wheat ad rice, milk-based sweets are a culinary delight in all homes
throughout the year.
The milk production is pre-dominantly rooted in the co-operative system. Its
focus is on the small rural farm having one or two cows/buffaloes, yielding 2-3 liters
of milk per animal. This system is the basis of operational flood, the world’s largest
dairy development program. The preferred dairy animal is the buffalo. Some 65
percent of the world buffalo milk is produced in India. It has30 percent higher total
solids compared to cow milk – an average of 16%vs .12% for cow milk. Valued for
its high fat content (7% vs3.5%), it is also high in calcium, phosphorus, lactose ad
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proteins, buffalo milk is the delight of the milk processor for its more profitable
handling.
Export potential:
India has the potential to become one of the leading players in milk product
exports. Location advantages India is located admit major milk deficit countries in
Asia and Africa. Major importers of milk and milk and milk products are Bangladesh,
china, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Japan, UAE, Oman
and other gulf countries, all located close to India. Low cost production: milk
production is scale insensitive and labor intensive. Due to own labor cost, cost of
production of milk is significantly lower in India.
Concerns in export competitiveness are:
Quality: significant investment has to be mad in milk procurement, equipments,
chilling an refrigeration facilities. Also, training has to be important to improve the
quality to bring it up to international standards.
Productivity: To nave an exportable surplus in the long-term and also to maintain
cost competitiveness, it is imperative to improve productivity of Indian cattle. There is
a vast market for the export of traditional milk products such as ghee, shrikhand and
other ethnic sweets to the large number of Indians scattered all over the world.
SWOTANALYSIS:
Strengths:
High level of productions and global standings in most of the agro products.
High level of employment generations both direct and indirect.
High level of skill development through various institutes for agriculture
production and technology management.
Lower level of production costs even with poor productivity and yields due to
lower overheads.
Indian dairy farmers are very cost effective even after working in a very low
subsidized environment irrespective of their European counterparts.
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Cheap labor force.
Higher customer.
Weakness:
Poor productivity and yield.
Poor quality management at the production levels.
Not much of technology penetration in the rural hinterland.
Existence of any processing facilities at the farm level like food parks etc.
Poor quality orientation and consciousness at the farm level.
Higher costs for food processing an thus costlier processed food.
Lack of scale in food production as well as lack of proper supply chain
management and refrigerated chains.
Quality standard management execution more obligatory than mandatory
enforcement not too stringent for both domestic as well as exports markets.
Poor over capita income thus restricting most of the consumers to live life
happily with unprocessed food products only as the processed food is very
costly due to cost inefficiencies arising out of poor scales and lack of
horizontal integration.
Opportunities:
More orientation towards mechanized, organic and large scale farming due or
better exposure of select India farmer’s formation to the international
environment.
The growth of so called rural correlate is found to be more than their urban
counterparts in most of the regions in the country.
Few large conglomerated (ITC, Reliance) shifting towards farming as
backward integration o provide better forward linkages to their domestic
FMCG and exports arms.
Better accountability consciousness in various research institutes related to
agriculture for developing better varieties, breeds with higher productivity and
yields and also major industrial houses (Nicholas primal) providing support to
these institutes for a sustainable growth by investing heavily in new frontiers
of technology like biotechnology.
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Increasing share of India food products in the international markets due to
increasing Indians population outside the country as well as large exports by
Indian companies in last few years with the benefits extended by the Indian
government to exports income.
Threats:
Neighboring countries which are trying to become more competitive in labor
and more productive with their land use.
More penetration and branding in the international markets by comparatively
very small nations both in size and production but with very high levels of
food processing more than 60-70% against that of our country at around 2%
for frites and vegetable and 18% for milk.
Lack of infrastructure at tea rural level makes it a curse to be a part of rural
India. Till now out of around 6.5lacs villages only 20% can be considered as
the one with amenities to provide a satisfactory life style. In rest even the basic
amenities are still to be provided and forget about any structured mannerism
for reverse logistics.
The marginal farmer participation in any form is not remunerated well and
most of the cream is enjoyed by the middleman.
In certain cases the middle man is earning more than both the farmer as well
as the processor put together.
Potential for investment in the dairy industry some areas of Indian dairy industry can
be toned up by the evocation of differentiated technologies and equipment from
overseas. This includes:
1. Raw milk handling: The raw milk handling needs to be elevated in terms of
physicochemical and microbiological properties of the milk in a combined
manner. The use of clarification and bactofugation in raw milk processing can
aid better the quality of the milk products.
2. Milk Processing: Better operational ratios are required to amend the yields
and abridge wastage, lessen fat/protein losses during processing. Control
production costs. Save energy and broaden shelf life. The adoption of GMP
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(Good Manufacturing Practices) and HACCP (Hazard Analysis critical
Control Points) would help produce milk products and adapting to the
international standards.
3. Packaging: Another area that can be improved is the range of packing
machines for the manufacture of butter, cheese and alike. Better packaging can
assist in retaining the nutritive value of products packed and thus broaden the
shelf life. A cold chain distribution system is required for proper storage and
transfer of dairy products.
4. Value-added products: There’s vast scope for Value-added products like
desserts, puddings, custards, sauces, mousse, stirred yoghurt, nectars and
sherbets to capture the dairy market in India.
The Indian dairy industry has aimed at better management of the national
resources to enhance milk production and upgrade milk processing involving new
innovative technologies. Multinational dairy giants can also make their foray in
the Indian dairy market in this challenging scenario and create a win-win situation
for both.
Industrial Traditional Milk Products:
There is a large variety o traditional Indian milk product such as makkhan unsalted
butter.
Ghee-butter oil prepared by heat clarification, for longer shelf life.
Baundi-Milk and sugar boiled down till it thickness.
Dahi-A type of curd.
Lassi-curd mixed with water and sugar/salt.
Channa/pannier-milk mixed with lactic acid to coagulate.
Khoa-Evaporated milk used as a base to produce sweet meats.
Indian’s Milk Product Mix:
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The market for indigenous based milk food products is difficult to estimate as most
as most of these products are manufactured at home or in small cottage industries
catering to local areas. Customers while purchasing dairy products look for freshness,
quality taste and texture, variety and convenience. Products like dahi, and sweets like
kheer, basundi and rabri are perishable products with shelf life ofless than a day.
These are several such small shops within the vicinity of residential areas. Consistent
quality, taste and freshness build consumer loyalty. And also several sweetmeat
shops, which have built a strong brand franchise, and have several branches located in
various parts of a city.
National Dairy Development Board (NDDB):
At the time of inauguration of cattle feed factory at kanjari in October, 1964.
The late Lal Bhadur Shastri, the prime minister of India paid unscheduled visit to milk
producer’s co-operative society and stayed there overnight. He was impressed by the
society and stayed there overnight. He was impressed by the socio-economic changes
brought by milk cooperatives in kaira district and chief executive of the organization
who is supported by professionals to carry out board’s activities.
Kaira District Co-operative Milk Producers Union Ltd., (AMUL):
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Fluid Milk 46.0%
Ghee 27.5%
Butter 6.5%
Curd 7.0%
Khoa (Partially Dehydrated Condensed
Milk)
6.5%
Milk Powders, including IMF 3.5%
Paneer & Chhana (Cottage Cheese) 2.0%
Others, including Cream, Ice Cream 1.0%
Amul symbolizes the successful struggle of kaira district farmers to earn fair
price of therir products. It reached its climax in 1945 the milk was then collected by a
private trader Mr. Pestonji Eduraji person through contractors for Bombay milk
scheme. Every milk producer can become a member of the cooperative society. At
general meeting of members, representatives are selected to form managing
committee, which manages the day affairs milk collection and its testing concept, sold
cattle feed. Each society alos provided with artificial insemination services (AIS)
veterinary first aid.
Dairy Industry in Andhra Pradesh:
The main occupation in Andhra Pradesh in cultivation. The villages relied the
socio- economic development moral and cultural values of human resource dairy
stands as the back none of agriculture and at the same time it maintains important role
for stability of rural economic conditions and helps to maintain nations health by
supplying sweet milk. Now the production of milk became a farmers, small farmers
and agriculture labour.
Major dairy product manufactures in India and their Brands are explained here
under:
Company Brands Major products
Nestle Milk-maid,
cerelac,actogen, Milo &
everyday
Sweetened condensed milk powder, malted
food, milk powder & Dairy whitener, ghee &
ice cream.
Mild foods limited Milk food Ghee &ice cream
Smith line beechen
Ltd
No Malted milk food, ghee butter & other baby
foods.
Gujarat
co-operative
market federation
No Butter, ghee and other milk products.
Cadbury Bourn vita Infant milk food, malted milk food.
Britannia Milk man Flavor milk, ghee, milk powder, biscuits
ghee.
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India had the potential to become a leading exported of milk and milk products due
to how labor cost, the cost of milk production is significantly low here to boost
exports, the dairy industry needs to focus on quality and productivity.
Dairy co-operatives:
Dairy co-operative account for the major share of processed liquid milk marketed in
the country. Milk is processed by 170 milk producers’ co-operative union, which
federate into 15 state co-operative milk marketing federations.
The dairy board’s programmers and activities seek to strengthen the functioning
of dairy co-operatives, as producer owned and controlled organization. NDDB
supports the development of dairy cooperatives by providing them financial assistance
and technical expertise, ensuring a better future for India’s farmers.
Over the years, brands created by cooperatives have become synonymous with
quality and value. Brands like amul (GCMMF), Vijaya (AP), verka (Punjab), saras
(Rajasthan). Nadine (Karnataka), milkman (karalla) and gokul (kolhapur) are among
those that have earned customer confidence.
Some of the Major Dairy Co-operative federation Include:
Andhra Pradesh dairy development cooperative federation Ltd (APPDDCF).
Bihar state cooperative milk producer’s federation Ltd (COMPFED).