R. Madsen - CO2 Surface Monitoring

7/28/2019 R. Madsen - CO2 Surface Monitoring

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LI-COR BiosciencesLI-COR Corporate OfficesLincoln, Nebraska, USA

Rod MadsenProduct Specialist

RECS 2013 – Plant Barry (June 21, 2013)



DIVISIONS



SUBSIDIARY OFFICES

LI-COR Environmental – GmbH

Bad Homburg, Germany

LI-COR Environmental – UK LtdCambridge, United Kingdom

www.licor.com/europe



DISTRIBUTORS

23 distributors covering over 40

countries





Surface Monitoring Instrumentation

for Carbon Sequestration

RodMadsen





Leaks?



Why Surface Monitoring?• Demonstrate that storage is a permanent

sequestration option

• Help refine the field deployment technologies for

large scale injections• Track migration over time for validation andcalibration of model predictions and monitoringtools

• Assure the public that human health and the

environment are high priorities – Establish baseline conditions – Refine early warning tools of storage leaks and

diagnosis of why storage may leak



Instrumentation

Surface FluxAtmospheric

CO2 Mapping



EDDY COVARIANCE METHOD

HamishMcGowanRoniAvissar



• Airflowcanbeimaginedasahorizontalflowofnumerousrotating

eddiesofvarioussizes

• Eacheddyhas3Dcomponents,includingaverticalwindcomponent

• Diagramlookschaoticbutcomponentscanbemeasuredfromthe

tower,includinggasconcentration,temperatureandhumidity

WIND



Atmospheric



Atmospheric



Fly-over CO2

measurements





Surface Flux



Spatial Sampling



Temporal Sampling



Spatial and Temporal



F CO2

∝ (CO2soil - CO2

chamber ) +

mass flow

1. CO2soil not disturbed

2. P bench

~ P ambient

3. CO2chamber = CO2

air

4. P chamber = P ambient

5. Good mixing

6. No disturbance to soil moisture,

temperature or radiation

Requirements for a good measurement



Requirement: Minimal Soil DisturbanceCO2soil not disturbed• Slowly close & open the

chamber



Requirement: Pbench~Pambient

Flow Control



Requirement: Pbench~Pambient

Flow Control

If no pressure controller, Pbench~ -10 kPa at 3 LPM





Requirement: Pcham=Pambient

Key features: New pressure vent design



Requirement: Good Mixing

t V

f

ot eC C −

=

Current LTC, 5.6 cm offset, flow=1.5 LPM

Time (s)

0 100 200 300 400 500

C O 2 ( p p m

)

0

200

400

600

800

Observed CO2 Response

Perfect Mixing (90% flow)

Perfect Mixing (110% flow)

Pump

V

Co

f

Soda lime



Requirement: No disturbance to soil moisture, temperature or radiation

Key features: Move the chamber away when not in measurement

mode





corn field

Day of Year 266 270 272 274 276

S o i l C O 2

f l u x ( µ m o l m - 2 s - 1 )

0

1

2

3

4

T e m p e r

a t u r e ( o C )

0

10

20

30

40

Within Row

Between Row

Temperature

3.3 mm rain event

Frost event (-2oC)

a. F CO2

higher within row than between rows

b. Rain event enhanced F CO2

c. Diurnal variation in F CO2

became smaller after a frost



Mapping CO2

with the LI-8100A





400450

500







Conclusions• Surface CO2 measurements can be an important

part of a MVA protocol

• A baseline understanding of the ecosystem CO2

flux is essential for any type of leak detection• A combination of diurnal and spatial

measurements can answer the backgroundquestions fast and effectively

•

Public perception is key

R. Madsen - CO2 Surface Monitoring

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