R-F, Mobile

June 2003

Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile

Purpose

Mobile R/F units provide radiographic and fluoro-scopic imaging in surgical, orthopedic, critical care,and emergency care procedures. They are used to im-age patients in radiolucent beds, stretchers, or tableswhen it is not feasible to transport the patient to theradiology department. The fluoroscopic feature allowsreal-time imaging, which permits quick diagnoses and

minimal patient time under anesthesia during surgi-cal procedures.

Mobile R/F units are used in a variety of generalsurgical, cardiac, and neurological applications, includ-ing aneurysm repair, pacemaker implantation, hip re-placement, fracture reduction, foreign-body location,needle biopsy, catheter placement, percutaneous li-thotripsy, and brachytherapy. These devices also enablespecial studies, such as the diagnosis of swallowing dis-orders, in patients who cannot readily sit on a standardfluoroscopic table or stand on a footboard. Mobile C-armscan also be equipped with a variety of digital hardwareand software options for use in angioplasty, interven-tional neuroradiology, neurosurgery, and trauma care.

Compact, scaled-down fluoroscopic imaging sys-tems called mini C-arms are designed for extremityimaging in the emergency room, the operating room,the physician office, and on the industrial site. The usercan quickly acquire projections of the patient’s anat-omy from various angles while continuously viewing

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Scope of this Product ComparisonThis Product Comparison covers mobile radio-graphic/fluoroscopic (R/F) units. Stationary R/Fsystems and mobile units not capable of fluoros-copy are covered in the following reports:

• Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Systems, General-Purpose; Cameras, Radiographic Photospot

• Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Systems, Urological

• Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Angiographic/Interventional, Cardiovascular

• Radiographic Units, Mobile

These units are also called: C-arms.

UMDNS informationThis Product Comparison covers the followingdevice terms and product codes as listed inECRI’s Universal Medical Device NomenclatureSystem™ (UMDNS™):

• Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile[11-758]

• Radiographic/Fluoroscopic Units, Mobile,Extremity [18-435]

5200 Butler Pike, Plymouth Meeting, PA 19462-1298, USATelephone +1 (610) 825-6000 � Fax +1 (610) 834-1275 � E-mail [email protected]

the fluoroscopic images. Radiographic imaging capa-bility may not be provided.

Principles of operationA mobile C-arm system usually consists of two

wheeled units, one supporting the C-arm and the con-trol console and the other supporting display monitorsand image processing and recording devices. The C-arm stand consists of a curved arm with an x-ray tubemounted on one end and an image intensifier on theother (see Fig. 1). The stand is constructed so that theC-arm can perform both linear and rotating motionsfor optimum positioning with respect to the patient.

The x-ray tube typically consists of a cathode (spiraltungsten filament) and an anode (tungsten target) inan evacuated glass tube. The filament circuit providesthe desired tube current, and the filament heats andbegins to emit electrons. High voltage between thefilament and target causes these electrons to speedtoward the anode, striking it at the focal spot andproducing x-rays. Generally, the greater the incomingpower, the stronger and more intense the x-rays; ap-plied current (mA) affects the number of electrons andthus the number of x-rays produced, whereas appliedkilovoltage (kV) affects their energy and thus theirpenetrating power. Filters, usually made of aluminum,are placed in the path of the x-ray beam to absorb theless penetrating (soft) x-rays. The more penetrating(hard) x-rays pass through the filters, and the beam isthen shaped by a set of collimators.

Most C-arm units offer a choice of two focal spotsizes, depending on the imaging mode. In the fluoro-scopic mode, focal spots typically range in size from 0.3to 0.8 mm (0.08 to 0.5 mm for mini units); in theradiographic mode, they range from 0.3 to 1.8 mm.Focal spot size is important in image production be-cause a smaller focal spot produces a clearer image.However, the anode-striking electrons produce intenseheat, which can destroy the target anode. Heat inten-sity increases as focal spot size decreases, causingfaster vaporization of the tungsten filament and short-ening the life of the x-ray tube. Rotating anodes dis-tribute the constant bombardment of electrons andresist pitting in a particular area. Thus, they canwithstand the higher heat loads produced by smallerfocal spots.

The control console on the C-arm stand is mountedon top of the x-ray generator housing. From the con-sole, the operator can control all the generator tech-nique parameters, which determine the intensity andenergy of the x-rays and therefore affect exposure andimage quality. The mA settings on the generator control

the intensity of x-rays; a higher mA setting increaseselectron emission and so increases the intensity of thex-rays. The kVp (peak kilovoltage) setting on the gen-erator controls both the energy and intensity of thex-rays. The mA settings range from 0.02 to 9 mA in thefluoroscopic mode and up to 250 mA in the radiographicmode. The kVp settings typically range from 40 to 125kVp. A typical fluoroscopic exposure is obtained at 70kVp at a current of about 2 mA. For production ofradiographic spot films, mobile C-arms can beequipped with automatic exposure control, which ter-minates operation of the x-ray tube when an adequateexposure has been sensed.

X-rays emerging from the patient carry the imageinformation to the input phosphor of the image inten-sifier, an evacuated tube consisting of an input phos-phor (cesium iodide), a photocathode, an anode, anoutput phosphor, and accelerating and focusing elec-trodes. The energy of the x-rays detected at the inputphosphor is emitted as light that causes the photo-cathode to release electrons. These electrons are ac-celerated and focused to produce a smaller, brighterimage on the output screen than was produced by theinput phosphor. The image on the output phosphor isbright, but too small to be effectively observed. Allfluoroscopic systems use a charge-coupled device cam-era to scan and transmit the image to a remote displaymonitor. In most units, a lens system couples the

PanningMotion

Horizontal,Vertical Motion

OrbitalRotation

Point ofPivotal

Rotation

C20

4UN

2B

X-Ray

Tube

Free

SpaceDepth

Image

Intensifier

Figure 1. Various movements of a typical C-arm unit

Healthcare Product Comparison System

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camera to the output phosphor, but a few units transferthe image through a fiberoptic coupling.

The quoted size of the image intensifier refers to thediameter of the input phosphor and not to the diameterof the patient area that is imaged. Several suppliersoffer dual-mode 23/15 cm (9/6 in) image intensifiers;some offer trimode 23/15/11 cm (9/6/4.5 in) image in-tensifiers. Dual-mode image intensifiers provide onenormal and one magnified view, and trimode imageintensifiers provide one normal view and two magni-fied views.

Mini C-arms have very small input phosphors, typi-cally 6 to 15 cm (2.5 to 6 in) in diameter, that maypermit visualization of only a portion of three fingerssimultaneously on one image. Magnified images re-quire moving the extremity closer to the x-ray tube,increasing the level of radiation per unit volume. How-ever, a smaller patient area is exposed, keeping totalpatient radiation exposure constant. To aid in applica-tions when line power is not available, an opticalmagnifier can be used to view the output phosphor inplace of an electronic monitor.

All fluoroscopic imaging systems also incorporate anautomatic brightness stabilization system that is de-signed to maintain a constant image brightness as theimage intensifier is moved over various parts of thepatient and as contrast material (e.g., barium) entersand exits the field of view. The image can be kept at aconstant brightness in one of two ways: by varying kVpand mA to compensate for variations in patient andimaging conditions (automatic dose control) or by ad-justing the automatic gain control on the video system.

Continuous fluoroscopy for long periods of time de-livers a significant amount of radiation to the patient.Pulsed fluoroscopy is a technique in which the x-ray

output is pulsed for periods of 10 msec as many as 30times per second. The image acquired during eachpulse is held on the monitor until it is updated byanother pulse; therefore, an image is always presenton the monitor display, although the pulsed modedisplay can become jittery if very fast motion is beingobserved. In pulsed mode, exposure rates can be cut byas much as 75% without a significant loss of imageinformation.

The image displayed on the monitor can be saved ona high-capacity disk, video disk, compact disc, or 8 mmtape that can store several hundred images. The im-age can also be digitally stored in the C-arm’s digitalmemory on a local area network (LAN)-configuredpicture archiving and communication system (PACS).Storage of images on a PACS allows personnel toaccess and manipulate the images from any location inthe facility that has a PACS workstation. (For furtherinformation on PACS, see the Product Comparisontitled PICTURE ARCHIVING AND COMMUNICATION SYS-TEMS (PACS), RADIOLOGY.) Digitally stored images canbe electronically enhanced and/or subtracted fromother stored images. Digital memories on C-arms per-mit such functions as last-image hold and snapshotmode. In last-image hold, the last fluoroscopic imageis digitized, stored in memory, and then continuouslydisplayed on the monitor. This mode allows physiciansto view the structures being imaged without continu-ously exposing the patient to x-rays. In the snapshotmode, several acquired fluoroscopic images are aver-aged to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Most suppliers offer several options for hard-copyoutput, including multiformat cameras, video printers,and thermal printers. (For more information, see theProduct Comparison titled PRINTERS, DRY IMAGING.)A videotape recorder can be used to record severalminutes of live fluoroscopic images.

Three-dimensional (3-D) imaging is also now avail-able with some C-arm models to aid physicians duringsurgery. 3-D imaging provides higher-quality informa-tion during surgical procedures, allowing greater accu-racy than to two-dimensional imaging. 3-D imaging isespecially beneficial in bone and joint exposures, inwhich high-contrast objects necessitate greater imageprecision.

Reported problemsBecause mobile C-arms can be used in almost any

area of the hospital, efforts must be made to protectoperators and bystanders from radiation exposure.Operators should wear shielding garments such aslead aprons, and, if possible, the C-arm should be usedonly where the exposure of others will be limited.


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Portable shields can serve as barriers to any scatteredradiation. The level of radiation exposure to the opera-tor should be monitored in accordance with applicablestate and/or federal regulations and should include theuse of film badges or pocket dosimeters.

Higher mA or kVp settings allow short exposuretimes and minimize blurring of the image due to pa-tient or organ movement. Because of design con-straints, mobile units often have lower tube currentsfor radiography than do stationary units; therefore, theimages they produce are usually not as clear as thoseobtained from fixed equipment. Some manufacturers’units are equipped with a high-level control featuredesigned to reduce quantum mottle during angiogra-phy. This feature permits the federally regulated en-trance air kerma rate (a measure of patient radiationdose) limit to be temporarily exceeded through a spe-cial means of activation called boost mode, which in-creases the milliampere range. However, this modecan produce exposure levels many times the maximumrecommended dose and should be used with care. An-other factor affecting both image quality and useful-ness is the difficulty in accurately positioning thepatient and the unit during bedside radiography andfluoroscopy.

Regular mobile C-arms can be difficult to maneuverbecause they are large, heavy, and hard to see around.Carpeted floors and hallways and the small emergencyand intensive care treatment rooms found in mosthospitals add to this difficulty. In addition, units thatare unevenly balanced can tip over; because of theweight of the x-ray unit chassis, tube locks and supportmechanisms may fail or require frequent alignmentand adjustments. Collisions of the image intensifierand the tube housing with the patient can not onlyinjure the patient, but also damage the electronic com-ponents.

Purchase considerationsThe C-arm gantry must have the proper dimensions

to be used effectively and easily in the hospital. Forinstance, it must be deep enough to accommodateobese patients. Additionally, the lower portion of theC-arm must be low enough to fit underneath the hos-pital’s beds and operating room tables.

The television (TV) chain system, another impor-tant component, displays the output of an image inten-sifier on one or more TV monitors during fluoroscopicprocedures. (See the Product Comparison titledFLUOROSCOPIC TELEVISION CHAINS.) Some suppliersoffer a high-resolution system; however, such systemsare rarely used and require more radiation. If a high-resolution system is needed, it should preferably be

one that can switch between standard and high reso-lutions. Other desirable features for the TV chaininclude a high SNR, a large digital storage capacity,and the ability to add alphanumeric characters to arecorded image for patient identification.

Facilities should also make certain that digital stor-age and/or transmission devices related to the use ofmobile C-arms conform to certain standards. TheAmerican College of Radiology-National ElectricalManufacturers Association Digital Imaging and Com-munications in Medicine Standard (ACR-NEMA DI-COM standard or DICOM 3.0) ensures that devicesmeeting this standard can be organized into a systemthat does not require customized interfaces. Addition-ally, the International Organization for Stand-ardization has developed the Open SystemInterconnect standard for network architectures.

Facilities interested in extremity imaging shouldconsider mini C-arms; these units are designed for usein office and surgical environments and are most use-ful in situations in which instantaneous imaging of thefeet, hands, wrists, elbows, or ankles would be helpful.The primary users of these devices are likely to be handor foot surgeons. The units are particularly usefulduring external reduction and fixation of fracturesbecause bone alignment can be visualized noninva-sively in real time.

Cost containment

Because mobile R/F units entail ongoing mainte-nance and operational costs, the initial acquisition costdoes not accurately reflect the total cost of ownership.Therefore, a purchase decision should be based onissues such as life-cycle cost (LCC), local service sup-port, discount rates and non-price-related benefits of-fered by the supplier, and standardization withexisting equipment in the department or hospital (i.e.,purchasing all mobile C-arms and R/F equipment fromone supplier).

An LCC analysis can be used to compare high-costalternatives and/or to determine the positive or nega-tive economic value of a single alternative. For exam-ple, hospitals can use LCC analysis techniques toexamine the cost-effectiveness of leasing or rentingequipment versus purchasing the equipment outright.Because it examines the cash-flow impact of initialacquisition costs and operating costs over a period oftime, LCC analysis is most useful for comparing alter-natives with different cash flows and for revealing thetotal costs of equipment ownership. One LCC tech-nique — present value (PV) analysis — is especiallyuseful because it accounts for inflation and for the timevalue of money (i.e., money received today is worth



more than money received at a later date). Conductinga PV/LCC analysis often demonstrates that the cost ofownership includes more than just the initial acquisi-tion cost and that a small increase in initial acquisitioncost may produce significant savings in long-term op-erating costs. The PV is calculated using the annualcash outflow, the dollar discount factor (the cost ofcapital), and the lifetime of the equipment (in years) ina mathematical equation.

The following represents a sample eight-yearPV/LCC analysis for a mobile R/F unit (not a miniC-arm).

Present Value/Life-Cycle Cost Analysis

Assumptions

• Operating costs cover years 1 through 8

• Dollar discount factor is 3.5%

• Inflation rate is 2.4% for a full-service contract

• Operation requires 1 full-time employee (FTE)

Capital Costs

• Mobile R/F unit = $115,000

Total Capital Costs = $115,000

Operating Costs

• Service contract, years 2 through 8 = $10,000/year

• X-ray tube replacement = $7,280 every 4 years

• Salary and expenses for 1 FTE = $45,000/year

Total Operating Costs = $45,000 for year 1;$55,000/year for years 2, 3, 5, 6, and 7; $62,280/yearfor years 4 and 8

PV = ($568,284)

There are other costs not included in the aboveanalysis that should be considered for budgetary plan-ning, including the following:

• Costs associated with software upgrades

• Costs of utilities

• Costs of disposables and components such as colli-mators, film, and filters

• Contributions to overhead

As illustrated by the above sample PV/LCC analy-sis, the initial acquisition cost is only a fraction of thetotal cost of operation over eight years. Therefore,rather than making a purchase decision based solelyon the acquisition cost of a mobile R/F system, buyersshould consider operating costs over the lifetime of theequipment.

For further information on PV/LCC analysis, cus-tomized analyses, and purchase decision support,readers should contact ECRI’s SELECT™ Group.

Hospitals can purchase service contracts or serviceon a time-and-materials basis from the supplier. Serv-ice may also be available from a third-party organiza-tion. The decision to purchase a service contract shouldbe carefully considered. The decision to purchase aservice contract can be justified for several reasons.Most suppliers provide routine software updates,which enhance the system’s performance, at no chargeto service contract customers. Furthermore, softwareupdates are often cumulative; that is, previous soft-ware revisions may be required in order to install andoperate a new performance feature. Purchasing a serv-ice contract also ensures that preventive maintenancewill be performed at regular intervals, thereby elimi-nating the possibility of unexpected maintenancecosts. Also, many suppliers do not extend unit perform-ance and uptime guarantees beyond the length of thewarranty unless the unit is covered by a service con-tract.

ECRI recommends that, to maximize bargainingleverage, hospitals negotiate pricing for service con-tracts before the unit is purchased. As a guideline,full-service contracts typically cost approximately 6%to 8% of the mobile R/F unit’s purchase price. Addi-tional service contract discounts may be negotiable formultiple-year agreements or for service contracts thatare bundled with contracts on other R/F equipment inthe department or hospital.

Stage of developmentDigital memory has expanded the usefulness of

mobile C-arms by increasing image-processing capa-bilities. This increased capability may allow more ex-tensive procedures, such as angiography, to beperformed at the patient’s bedside rather than requir-ing transport to a catheterization laboratory (Aliabadiet al. 1997). However, further study is required toensure the safety of such procedures performed at thepatient’s bedside, specifically with units modified forcardiac imaging.

Bibliography

Aliabadi D, Pica MC, McCullough PA, et al. Rapidbedside coronary angiography with a portablefluoroscopic imaging system. Cathet Cardiovasc Di-agn 1997 Aug;41(4):449-55.

Bieze J. Radiation exposure risks haunt intervention-alists. Diagn Imaging 1993 Aug;15(8):68-71, 74, 79.



Cagnon CH, Benedict SH, Mankovich NJ, et al. Expo-sure rates in high-level-control fluoroscopy for im-age enhancement. Radiology 1991 Mar;178(3):643-6.

Curry TS 3rd, Dowdey JE, Murry RC Jr. Christensen’sphysics of diagnostic radiology. 4th ed. Philadel-phia: Lea & Febiger; 1990.

Davis M, Palmer P, Kelsey C. Use of C-arm fluoroscopeto examine patients with swallowing disorders. AJRAm J Roentgenol 1990 Nov;155(5):986-8.

Glaze S, Wagner LK, Archer BR, et al. Exposure ratesduring special procedures with C-arm type fluoro-scopic systems. Radiology 1994 Jun;191(3):849-52.

Hendee WR, Ritenour ER. Medical imaging physics.4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book; 2002.

Hernandez RJ, Goodsitt MM. Reduction of radiationdose in pediatric patients using pulsed fluoroscopy.AJR Am J Roentgenol 1996 Nov;167(5):1247-53.

Hiss SS. Understanding radiography. 3rd ed. Spring-field (IL): Charles C Thomas; 1993.

Kohn ML, Gooch AW Jr, Keller WS. Filters for radia-tion reduction: a comparison. Radiology 1988 Apr;167(1):255-7.

Lee SM, Orlinsky M, Chan LS. Safety and effective-ness of portable fluoroscopy in the emergency de-partment for the management of distal extremityfractures. Ann Emerg Med 1994 Oct;24(4):725-30.

Nicholson RA. The siting of consistency checks onmobile image intensifier automatic brightness con-trols [letter]. Br J Radiol 1994 Dec;67(804):1281.

Putman CE, Ravin CE, eds. Textbook of radiology.Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1988.

Sanders R, Koval KJ, DiPasquale T, et al. Exposure ofthe orthopaedic surgeon to radiation. J Bone JointSurg Am 1993 Mar;75(3):326-30.

Standards and guidelines

Note: Although every effort is made to ensure that thefollowing list is comprehensive, please note that otherapplicable standards may exist.

American College of Radiology. Standard for diagnos-tic medical physics performance monitoring of ra-diographic and fluoroscopic equipment. 1992(revised 2001).

British Standards Institution. Specification for dimen-sions of radiographic intensifying screens for medi-cal use. BS 6126. 1988.

Canadian Standards Association. Diagnostic imagingand radiation therapy equipment [standard]. C22.2No. 114-M90(R2000). 1990 (reaffirmed 2000).

International Electrotechnical Commission. Inherentfiltration of an x-ray tube assembly [standard]. IEC60522 (1976-01). 1976.

Medical electrical equipment — part 1: general re-quirements for safety. Amendment 1 [standard].IEC 60601-1-am1 (1991-11). 1991.

Medical electrical equipment — part 1: general re-quirements for safety. Amendment 2 [standard].IEC 60601-1-am2 (1995-03). 1995.

Medical electrical equipment — part 1: general re-quirements for safety. Section 1. Collateral stan-dard: safety requirements for medical electricalsystems. IEC 60601-1-1 (1992-06). 1992.

Medical electrical equipment — part 1: general re-quirements for safety. Section 1. Collateral stan-dard: safety requirements for medical electricalsystems. Amendment 1. IEC 60601-1-1-am1 (1995-11). 1995.

Medical electrical equipment — part 1: general re-quirements for safety. Section 2. Collateral stan-dard: electromagnetic compatibility — requirementsand tests. IEC 60601-1-2 (2001-09). 2001.

X-ray tube assemblies for medical diagnosis —characteristics of focal spots [standard]. IEC 60336(1993-07). 1993.

National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Digi-tal imaging and communications in medicine (DI-COM) part 1: introduction and overview [standard].1999 (revised 2000). (There are 14 parts to thisstandard. We list only part 1 in the interest ofspace.)

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Federal perform-ance standards for ionizing radiation-emitting prod-ucts. 21 CFR 1020. 2001.

Fluoroscopic equipment. 21 CFR 1020.32. 2001.

Radiographic equipment. 21 CFR 1020.31. 2001.

Radiology devices. 21 CFR 892. 2002.

Citations from other ECRI publicationsHealth Devices

Mobile C-arm units [evaluation]. 1990 Aug;19(8):251-92.



International Medical Systems Exposcop Plus mobileC-arm system [evaluation]. 1993 Mar;22(3):103-22.

International Medical Systems Exposcop Plus mobileC-arm system [evaluation update]. 1993 Dec;22(12):569-72.

FluoroScan mini C-arm unit [evaluation]. 1995 Feb;24(2):44-68.

The XiTec XiScan 1000 [evaluation]. 1995 Feb;24(2):68-9.

Failure of the arc rotation joint on FluoroScan miniC-arm units [hazard]. 1995 Dec;24(12):518-9.

FluoroScan mini C-arm unit [evaluation update]. 1995Dec;24(12):494-5.

Inaccurate pulsed fluoroscopy dose reductions on Sie-mens Siremobil 2000 mobile C-arm units [User Ex-perience Network™]. 1996 Feb-Mar;25(2-3):109-10.

XiTec XiScan 1000 mini C-arm [evaluation update].1996 Nov;25(11):413-25.

Radiation shielding requirements for a bronchoscopysuite [Talk to the specialist]. 1997 Feb;26(2):78.

Digital radiography systems [technology overview].1998 Jul;27(7):255-60.

Imaging tables of International Surgical SystemsC-arms can fall off [hazard]. 2003 Apr;32(4):170-1.

Mammographic computer-aided detection systems[evaluation]. 2003 Apr;32(4):141-64.

Health Devices Alerts

This Product Comparison lists Health Devices Alerts(HDA) citations published since the last update of thisreport. Each HDA abstract is identified by an Acces-sion Number. Recalls and hazard reports include de-scriptions of the problem involved; abstracts of otherpublished articles are referenced by bibliographic in-formation. HPCS subscribers can call the Hotline foradditional information on any of these citations or torequest more extensive searches of the HDA database.

A4930 FDA designated Class II Recall No. Z-1190-2certain GE Medical Systems mobile C-arm x-ray sys-tems. The x-ray units may become unbalanced and tipover when the C-arm assembly is extended. The manu-facturer initiated a recall by letter dated May 6, 2002.Identify and isolate any affected product in your inven-tory. For further information, contact GE Medical Sys-tems OEC at (800) 874-7378 with the U.S. or at (801)328-9300 outside the U.S. Source: FDA EnforcementRep 2002 Aug 14.

Health Devices Inspection and Preventive MaintenanceSystem

Mobile C-arms. Procedure no. 463.

Supplier information

Apelem

Apelem SA [194762]Parc Scientifique Georges Besse175 allee Von NeumannF-30035 Nimes CedexFrancePhone: 33 (466) 290907Fax: 33 (466) 297123E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.apelem.com

Direx

Direx Medical Systems Ltd [156982]PO Box 4190Petach Tikva IL-49120IsraelPhone: 972 (3) 9248095Fax: 972 (3) 9248092E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.direx.co.il

Direx Systems Corp [392289]11 Mercer RdNatick MA 01760-2414Phone: (508) 651-0900, (888) 874-7837Fax: (508) 651-8125E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.direx.co.il

ELMSTech

ELMSTech Inc [409550]950 Jericho TpkeWestbury NY 11590Phone: (516) 338-9888, (866) 356-7832Fax: (516) 338-9889E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.elmstech.com

GE Medical

GE Medical Systems [102107]PO Box 414Milwaukee WI 53201-0414Phone: (262) 544-3011, (800) 643-6439Fax: (262) 544-3384Internet: http://www.gemedicalsystems.com



GE Medical Systems Canada [174606]2300 Meadowvale BlvdMississauga ON L5N 5P9CanadaPhone: (800) 668-0732Fax: (905) 567-2115Internet: http://www.gemedicalsystems.ca

GE Medical Systems Europe [171319]283 rue de la Miniereboite postale 34F-78533 Buc CedexFrancePhone: 33 (1) 30704040Fax: 33 (1) 30709855E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.gemedicalsystems.com

GE Medical Systems (Hong Kong) [401905]15/Fl The Lee Garden33 Hysan RoadCauseway BayHong Kong SARPeople’s Republic of ChinaPhone: 852 21006300Fax: 852 21006292E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.gemedicalsystems.com

Gilardoni

Gilardoni SpA [176853]via Arturo Gilardoni 1I-23826 Mandello de Lario LCItalyPhone: 39 (0341) 705111Fax: 39 (0341) 735046E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.gilardoni.it

Hologic/Fluoroscan

Fluoroscan Imaging Systems IncA Hologic Co [149333]35 Crosby DrBedford MA 01730Phone: (781) 999-7300, (800) 343-9729Fax: (847) 564-5647E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.hologic.com

Instrumentarium

Instrumentarium CorpDiagnostic Imaging Div [182844]Kuortaneenkatu 2Posti Loaero 100FIN-00031 HelsinkiFinlandPhone: 358 (10) 39411Fax: 358 (9) 1463515E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.instrumentarium.fi

Instrumentarium Imaging Inc [107685]300 W Edgerton AveMilwaukee WI 53207-6025Phone: (414) 747-1030, (800) 558-6120Fax: (414) 481-8665E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.usa.instrumentarium.com

Instrumentarium Imaging Singapore [400969]152 Beach Road#12-03A Gateway East189721 SingaporeRepublic of SingaporePhone: 65 3918600Fax: 65 3963009E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.instrumentarium.com/imaging

Instrumentarium Imaging Ziehm GmbH [400965]Isarstrasse 40D-90451 NuernbergGermanyPhone: 49 (911) 642070Fax: 49 (911) 6420739E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.instrumentarium.com

LISTEM

LISTEM Corp [392886]414-1 Chongchon-2 dongPupyong-guInchonRepublic of KoreaPhone: 82 (32) 5155511Fax: 82 (32) 5129814E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.listem.co.kr



LISTEM USA Inc [393197]5200 NW 43rd St Suite 102 PMB 338Gainesville FL 32606Phone: (352) 271-5232Fax: (352) 271-8978E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.listem.co.kr

PCK

PCK Electronic Industry and Trade Co Ltd[277887]ASO 1 Org San Bol Orhan Isik Cad No 4SincanTR-06935 AnkaraTurkeyPhone: 90 (312) 2672046Fax: 90 (312) 2670609E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.pckmed.com

Philips

Philips Medical Systems Asia [188101]30/Fl Hopewell Centre17 Kennedy RoadWanchaiHong Kong SARPeople’s Republic of ChinaPhone: 852 28215888Fax: 852 25276727E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.philips.com

Philips Medical Systems North America [102120]22100 Bothell Everett HwyPO Box 3003Bothell WA 98041-3003Phone: (425) 487-7000, (800) 526-4963Fax: (425) 485-6080E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.philips.com

Philips Medical Systems UK Ltd [415447]The ObservatoryCastlefield RoadReigate, Surrey RH2 0FYEnglandPhone: 44 (1737) 230503Fax: 44 (1737) 230501E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.philips.com

Philips Nederland bv Medical Systems [152365]Postbus 90050NL-5600 PB EindhovenThe NetherlandsPhone: 31 (40) 2782559Fax: 31 (40) 2780160E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.medical.philips.com

SIAS

SIAS SpA [177705]via Ca’dell’Orbo 32/3I-40050 Villanova di Castenaso BOItalyPhone: 39 (051) 782911Fax: 39 (051) 780552E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.sias-spa.it

Siemens

Siemens AGSiemens Medical Solutions [401832]Henkestrasse 127D-91052 ErlangenGermanyPhone: 49 (9131) 840Fax: 49 (9131) 845400E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.siemensmedical.com

Siemens Canada Ltd [174735]2185 Derry Rd WMississauga ON L5N 7A6CanadaPhone: (905) 819-8000, (888) 303-3353Fax: (905) 819-5777E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.siemens.ca

Siemens Medical Solutions USA Inc [399199]51 Valley Stream PkwyMalvern PA 19355Phone: (610) 219-6300, (888) 826-9702Fax: (610) 219-3124E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.siemensmedical.com

Siemens SA de CV [339105]Poniente 116 No 59002300 Cd de MexicoDistrito FederalMexicoPhone: 52 (5) 3282000Fax: 52 (5) 3282017Internet: http://www.siemens.de



Stephanix

Stephanix [401705]boite postale 294F-42014 Saint EtienneFrancePhone: 33 (4) 77478160Fax: 33 (4) 77375519E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.stephanix.com

Swemac

Swemac Medical Appliances AB [348316]Industrigatan 11S-582 77 LinkopingSwedenPhone: 46 (13) 355450Fax: 46 (13) 355459E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.swemac.se

Technix

Technix SpA [227244]via Fermi 26I-24050 Grassobbio BGItalyPhone: 39 (035) 335678Fax: 39 (035) 335675E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.technix.it

Villa Sistemi

Villa Sistemi Medicali SpA [156442]via delle Azalee 3I-20090 Buccinasco MIItalyPhone: 39 (02) 488591Fax: 39 (02) 4881844E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.villasm.com

VMI

VMI Industria e Comercio Ltda [174435]Rua Pref Eliseu Alves da Silva 400Dist Industrial Genesco Aparecido de OliveiraLagoa Santa-MG 33400-000BrazilPhone: 55 (31) 36819560Fax: 55 (31) 36819565E-mail: [email protected]

Note: The following company did not provide uswith any product information in time for publication.Its address is listed as a service to our readers.

Cares Built Inc [259630]75 Manchester AveKeyport NJ 07735Phone: (732) 739-8900, (800) 358-6370Fax: (732) 739-0316E-mail: [email protected]: http://www.caresbuilt.com

About the chart specificationsThe following terms are used in the chart:

Heat capacity, HU: The maximum heating duringx-ray generation that the x-ray tube can withstandwithout damage. It is expressed in heat units(HU) — the product of kVp, mA, and time of expo-sure in seconds — and can also be expressed injoules, a unit of work or energy at constant potential.

Cooling, HU/min: The rate at which the anode dissi-pates heat, measured in heat units per minute.

Focal spot size, mm: The smaller the focal spot (the areaon the anode that produces the x-rays), the clearerthe image produced, but also the more heat created.

Pulsed fluoroscopy: A mode of operation that usespulses of radiation to update a stored image everyone or two seconds.

Last-image hold: The ability to freeze the last fluoro-scopic image on the monitor.

Multiformat camera: A camera that can record individ-ual images in more than one size or configuration,sometimes simultaneously. A 4-on-1 capability, forinstance, means that 4 separate images can be re-corded on 1 piece of film.

C-arm, free space, cm (in): The distance between thex-ray tube and the image intensifier.

List price, std configuration: Some of the pricing infor-mation in this chart has been derived from list pricesreported to ECRI’s in-house information services byhealthcare institutions and by suppliers. A footnoteidentifies these prices. In these instances, suppliershave declined to provide HPCS directly with pricesand may not have confirmed the information. Theseprices are estimates and may or may not reflectdiscounts, options, special packages, and multiple-unit sales. They are provided for the convenience ofour readers.

Abbreviations:

ABS — Automatic brightness stabilization

ADR — Automatic dose rate



AEC — Automatic exposure control

B/W — Black and white

CCD — Charge-coupled device

CD-R — Compact disc — recordable

CE mark — Conformite Europeene mark

CISPR — Comite International Special des Pertur-bations Radioelectriques

CSA — Canadian Standards Association

CT — Computed tomography

DICOM — Digital Imaging and Communications inMedicine

DSA — Digital subtraction angiography

EMC — European Medical Community

EN — European Norm

ETL — ETL Testing Laboratories

EU — European Union

FDA — U.S. Food and Drug Administration

fps — Frames per second

IEC — International Electrotechnical Commission

I.I. — Image intensifier

IR — Infrared

ISO — International Organization for Stand-ardization

JIS — Japanese Industrial Standards

LCD — Liquid crystal display

MDD — Medical Devices Directive

MedGV — Medizingeraeteverordnung

NFPA — National Fire Protection Association

OR — Operating room

PC — Personal computer

PCMCIA — Personal Computer Memory Card In-ternational Association

PTCA — Percutaneous transluminal coronaryangioplasty

RAM — Random-access memory

SID — Source-to-image distance

SVGA — Super Video Graphics Array, a VGAadapter that has a resolution of 1024 × 768 pixels;see VGA

SVHS — Super Video Home System

TFT — Thin-film transistor

TUV — Technischer Ueberwachungs Verein

UL — Underwriters Laboratories

VCR — Video cassette recorder

VDE — Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker

VGA — Video Graphics Array

Note: The data in the charts derive from suppli-ers’ specifications and have not been verified throughindependent testing by ECRI or any other agency.Because test methods vary, different products’ specifi-cations are not always comparable. Moreover, prod-ucts and specifications are subject to frequent changes.ECRI is not responsible for the quality or validity ofthe information presented or for any adverse conse-quences of acting on such information.

When reading the charts, keep in mind that, unlessotherwise noted, the list price does not reflect supplierdiscounts. And although we try to indicate whichfeatures and characteristics are standard and whichare not, some may be optional, at additional cost.

For those models whose prices were supplied to usin currencies other than U.S. dollars, we have alsolisted the conversion to U.S. dollars to facilitate com-parison among models. However, keep in mind thatexchange rates change often.

Need to know more?For further information about the contents of this

Product Comparison, contact the HPCS Hotline at +1(610) 825-6000, ext. 5265; +1 (610) 834-1275 (fax); [email protected] (e-mail).



Product Comparison Chart

MODEL APELEM APELEM APELEM DIREX

APX HF III Series EVO SUPRA Digiscope RX2

WHERE MARKETED Asia, Australia, Asia, Australia, Asia, Europe WorldwideEurope, Near Middle Europe, Near MiddleEast East

FDA CLEARANCE No No No Yes

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes Yes

X-RAY TUBE ANODE Rotating Stationary Rotating Not specifiedMaximum output

@ 120 VAC 40 mA @ 120 kVp 30 mA @ 110 kVp 100 mA @ 120 kVp 7 mA @ 110 kVp@ 220 VAC 40 mA @ 120 kVp 30 mA @ 110 kVp 100 mA @ 120 kVp Not specified

(max 130 mA)

Heat capacity, HU 300,000 40,000 300,000 40,000

Cooling, HU/min 70,000 17,000 70,000 Not specified

Focal spot size, mmRadiographic mode 0.6 1.5 0.6 NAFluoroscopic mode 0.3 0.5 0.3 NA

Tube power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 5 Not specified 15 1.4

X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE High-frequency High-frequency High-frequency NA

Power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 5 Not specified 15 2 (300 W)

Radiographic modekV range 40-120 40-110 40-120 NAmA range 40-80 25-65 25-100 NAmAs range 3-250 1-250 1-185 NAAEC No No No NAExposure time, sec 0.06-5 0.011-5 0.02-3 NA

Fluoroscopic modekV range 40-120 40-110 40-120 40-110mA range 0.1-6 0.2-4 0.2-5 4-7Pulsed fluoroscopy Yes Yes Yes Not specified

Pulses per sec 1-25 Not specified 1-25 Not specified

ABS control kVp kVp kVp kVp and mA

Snapshot mode Yes Yes Yes No

IMAGE INTENSIFIERDiameter, cm (in) Not specified 23/16/12 (9/6.3/ 32/23/16 (12/9/ 23 (9)

4.7), 17/11 (7/4.3), 6.3), 22/16/11 (8.7/16 (6.3) 6.3/4.3)

TV MONITORSIZE, cm (in) 44 or 51 (17 or 20) 44 (17), dual moni- 51 (20.1), dual Optional dual 43.2

dual monitors * tors, image rotation monitors (17)

CASSETTE HOLDERSIZES 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm No

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Image rotation. three pages covering

the above model(s).These specificationscontinue onto thenext two pages.






IMAGE PROCESSINGAND STORAGE

Video storage type Digital memory, Digital memory, Hard disk Yesoptional VCR, optional VCR,hard disk hard disk (48 + LIH)

Capacity, numberof images 1, 2, 5, 10 (D-RAM); LIH, LIH + 4, LIH + 50,000 (hard disk) 11

10,000 (hard disk); 4810,000 (DSA)

Image matrix size 512 x 512 x 8 512 x 512 x 8 1024 x 1024 x 12 Not specified

Last-image hold Yes Yes Yes OptionalFrame integration Yes Yes Yes Yes

DICOM CONFORMANCE Optional No Optional Not specified

HARD-COPY DEVICES Optional thermal Optional thermal Optional thermal Ink jet printerprinter, multiformat printer, multiformat printer, dry imagercamera camera

C-ARMFree space, cm (in) 71.3 (28.1) 75.7 (30.8), 9"; 75.3 (29.6); 68.5 87 (34.2) U-arm

84 (33.1), 7" (27) for 12" I.I.Depth, cm (in) 57 (22.4) 66 (26), 9"; 64 (25.2); 65 (25.6) 70 (27.6)

68.6 (27), 7" for 12" I.I.Orbital

rotation, ° 130 115 115 Yes

Horizontaltravel, cm (in) 20 (7.9) 22 (8.7) 20 (7.9) None

Verticaltravel, cm (in) 40 (15.7) 50 (19.7) 55 (21.7) None

Panningmotion, ° ±12 ±12 ±10 None

Pivotrotation, ° ±200 ±190 ±180 None

Reverse position No No No No

POWER REQUIREMENTS 115/230 ±10% VAC, 115/230 ±10% VAC, 115/230 ±10% VAC, 120 VAC, 15 amps50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz, ±7.3 kVA

max

H x W x D of C-armframe, cm (in) 180 x 82 x 180 180 x 82 x 180 200 x 81 x 175 210 x 40 x 125

(70.9 x 32.3 x 70.9) (70.9 x 32.3 x 70.9) (78.7 x 31.9 x 68.9) (82.7 x 15.7 x 49.2)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the second ofthree pages coveringthe above model(s).These specificationscontinue onto thenext page.






WEIGHT, kg (lb) 210 (462) 190 (418) 200 (441) 150 (330)

PLANNING & PURCHASEList price,

std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified $100,000

Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year 1 year

Delivery time, ARO 3-4 weeks 3-4 weeks 4-6 weeks 2-4 weeks

Service contract Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Training (includedin purchase) 4 days 2 days 5 days Yes

Year first sold 1995 1993 2000 1992Number installed

USA NA NA NA Not specifiedWorldwide Not specified Not specified Not specified 1,300

Fiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified January to December

OPTIONAL FEATURES Hard disk, DSA and 100 Hz flicker-free Laser centering, Last-image hold,max-op roadmapping, monitors, laser dosimeter 4,000-image archive,100 Hz flicker-free centering, dosimeter mobile unit, fixedmonitors, laser unitcentering, dosimeter

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Anatomic programs Meets requirements DSA package; touch- None specified.standard. Meets of ISO. screen. Meetsrequirements of ISO. requirements of ISO.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.




MODEL ELMSTECH GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL

Imperium OEC 7700 Compact + OEC 9800 Surgical OEC 9800 Vascular &Cardiac

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes


X-RAY TUBE ANODE Rotating Stationary Rotating RotatingMaximum output

@ 120 VAC Not specified 8 mA @ 110 kVp 75 mA @ 120 kVp 75 mA @ 120 kVp@ 220 VAC Not specified 8 mA @ 110 kVp 75 mA @ 120 kVp 75 mA @ 120 kVp

Heat capacity, HU 300,000 76,000 300,000 300,000

Cooling, HU/min 60,000 19,800 70,000 70,000

Focal spot size, mmRadiographic mode 0.6 0.6-1.5 0.3-0.6 0.3-0.6Fluoroscopic mode 0.3 0.6 0.3 0.3

Tube power rating,kW @ 100 kVp Not specified Not specified 15 15

X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE High-frequency High-frequency, High-frequency, High-frequency,20 kHz 60 kHz 60 kHz

Power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 15 2.2 15 15

Radiographic modekV range 40-120 36-110 50-120 50-120mA range 300 @ 40, 125 @ 120 20 fixed Up to 75 Up to 75mAs range Not specified 80 1-300 1-300AEC Yes No No NoExposure time, sec 1-5 0.1-4 0.1-4, automatic 0.1-4, automatic

computer control computer controlFluoroscopic mode

kV range 40-120 36-110 40-120 40-120mA range 0.2-30 0.2-8 0.2-10; 1-20, HLF 0.2-10; 1-20, HLFPulsed fluoroscopy Yes Yes Yes Yes

Pulses per sec 1, 3, 6, 12, 25 Not specified 1, 2, 4, or 8; 15 or 1, 2, 4, or 8; 15 or30 up to 150 mA 30 up to 150 mA(cardiac mode) (cardiac mode)

ABS control kV, mA, camera gain kVp, mA, camera gain kVp, mA, camera gain kVp, mA, camera gain

Snapshot mode Yes Yes Yes Yes

IMAGE INTENSIFIERDiameter, cm (in) 23/17/15 (9/7/6); 23/15 (9/6) 23/15/11 (9/6/4.5) 23/15/11 (9/6/4.5)

30/23/15 (12/9/6) or 31/23/15 (12/9/6) or 31/23/15 (12/9/6)optional

TV MONITORSIZE, cm (in) 43.2 (17), dual; 40.6 (16), 40.6 (16), dual 40.6 (16), dual

optional rotating dual monitors square monitors square monitors

CASSETTE HOLDERSIZES 18 x 24 cm (7.1 x 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12

9.4 in) (10 x 12 in) in), 35 x 35 cm in), 35 x 35 cm(14 x 14 in) (14 x 14 in)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first ofthree pages coveringthe above model(s).These specificationscontinue onto thenext two pages.







Video storage type Digital memory Floppy disk, hard PCMCIA drive, digi- PCMCIA drive, digi-disk, optional SVHS tal memory, hard & tal memory, hard &VCR floppy disks, VCR floppy disks, VCR

Capacity, numberof images 10,000 1,000; 8,000; 36,000 1-400 static (hard 1-400 static;

disk); 1-9,000 dyna- 1-18,000 dynamicmic @ 15 fps real @ 30 fps real timetime

Image matrix size 752 x 582 x 10 680 x 512 x 10 1000 x 1000 x 16 1000 x 1000 x 16(optional 1 K x 1 K)

Last-image hold Yes Yes Yes YesFrame integration Yes Yes Yes Yes

DICOM CONFORMANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes

HARD-COPY DEVICES Optional paper, film Thermal printer, Integrated film/ Integrated film/printer, multiformat multiformat camera paper onboard paper onboardcamera, laser ima- printer, thermal printer, thermalger, video printer printers * printers

C-ARMFree space, cm (in) 78 (30.7) 76.2 (30) 78.7 (31) 78.7 (31)

Depth, cm (in) 76.2 (30) 66 (26) 66 (26) standard C 66 (26) standard C(9" I.I.) ** (9" I.I.)

Orbitalrotation, ° 190 (±95) 120 with 30 overscan 115 standard and 115 standard and

medium C, 148 super medium C, 148 superHorizontal

travel, cm (in) 20 (7.9) 20 (7.9) 20.3 (8) 20.3 (8)

Verticaltravel, cm (in) 40 (15.7) 43 (16.9) 45.7 (18) 45.7 (18)

Panningmotion, ° ±10 ±10 ±10 ±10

Pivotrotation, ° 360 (±180), Not specified 360; 180/180; 180/90 360; 180/180; 180/90

motorized flip-flop rotation flip-flop rotationReverse position Yes Yes Yes Yes

POWER REQUIREMENTS Not specified 110/230 VAC, 15/8 A 120/240 VAC, 15/10 A 120/240 VAC, 15/10 A


(69.7 x 31.5 x 66.9) (66.5 x 30.7 x 64.2) (70.5 x 33 x 77.2) (70.5 x 33 x 77.2)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the second of* Also onboard instant film and paper printer. three pages covering** 71 cm (28") medium C (12" I.I.), 84 cm (33") super C (9" I.I.). the above model(s).

These specificationscontinue onto thenext page.






WEIGHT, kg (lb) Not specified 245 (539) 275 (606) 275 (606)


std configuration Not specified $94,000 $125,000 and up $167,000 and up


Delivery time, ARO 8 weeks 30-60 days 30-60 days 30-60 days

Service contract Not specified $1,800-9,000 $2,500-20,000 $2,500-20,000

Training (includedin purchase) 3 days 2 days 3-5 days 3-5 days

Year first sold Not specified 1998 1999 1999Number installed

USA Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedWorldwide Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Fiscal year Not specified January to December January to December January to December

OPTIONAL FEATURES LCD monitor; touch- Handheld patient Zoom and roam, Zoom and roam,screen monitor; annotation keyboard, real-time edge real-time edgemonitor with trolley 44 cm (17") monitor, enhancement, image enhancement, imagewith adjustable thermal printer, annotation, DAP, annotation, DAP,extension arm; hand- laser aimer/localiz- laser localizer, IR laser localizer, IRswitch for fluoro- er, radiographic remote, various remote, variousscopy or radiog- cassette holder, configurations configurations, DSA,raphy; collision floppy disk roadmap,protector for image bolus chasingintensifier; lasertargeting device;laser aimer; multi-room connection;remote control; 12"image intensifier

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS CCD camera; upgrad- Single-platform DAP; touchscreen DAP; touchscreenable image memory; design; point-and- operation and operation andreal-time digital shoot; anatomically integrated foot- integrated foot-zoom, roam, edge specific ABS modes. switch for user switch for userenhancement, bright- Meets requirements interface and interface andness & contrast, of CISPR, CSA, EU, operation. operation.positive & negative IEC, ISO, JIS,image inversion, MedGV, NFPA, and UL.image rotation, DSA,roadmapping, radia-tion-free collima-tion; cineplay;annotation; remask-ing; digital imageflip; snapshot;mosaic display; sub-pixel shifting; pa-tient registration;anatomic program-ming; adjustable SIDmovement.





MODEL GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL GE MEDICAL

OEC Flexview 8800 OEC Miniview 6800 Stenoscop MDA+ Stenoscop MDn




X-RAY TUBE ANODE Stationary Stationary Stationary StationaryMaximum output

@ 120 VAC 16 mA @ 110 kVp 0.16 mA @ 80 kVp 30 mA @ 110 kVp 30 mA @ 110 kVp@ 220 VAC 16 mA @ 110 kVp Not specified 30 mA @ 120 kVp 30 mA @ 120 kVp

Heat capacity, HU 75,000 7,000 70,000 70,000

Cooling, HU/min 37,000 3,000 9,200 9,200

Focal spot size, mmRadiographic mode 0.6-1.5 NA 1.8 1.8Fluoroscopic mode 0.6 0.05 0.5 0.5

Tube power rating,kW @ 100 kVp Not specified Not specified 0.5 0.5

X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE High-frequency, High-frequency High-frequency High-frequency20 kHz

Power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 2.2 Not specified 3.3 3.3

Radiographic modekV range 40-110 NA 40-110 40-110mA range Up to 20 NA Not specified Not specifiedmAs range 80 NA 0.16-160 0.16-160AEC No NA No NoExposure time, sec 0.1-4 NA Not specified Not specified

Fluoroscopic modekV range 40-110 40-80 40-110 40-110mA range 0.1-3, 0.1-6 HLF 0.02-0.16 0.1-6 0.1-6Pulsed fluoroscopy Yes No Yes Yes

Pulses per sec 1, 2, 4, 8 NA 0.7 0.7

ABS control kVp, mA, camera gain kVp, mA kV, mA, camera gain kV, mA, camera gain


IMAGE INTENSIFIERDiameter, cm (in) 23/15 (9/6) 15/10 (6/4) 23/15 (9/6) 23/15 (9/6) or

15 (6)

TV MONITORSIZE, cm (in) 40.6 (16), dual 40.6 (16), 50.8 (20), dual 50.8 (20), dual

square monitors dual monitors monitors monitors

CASSETTE HOLDERSIZES 24 x 30 cm (10 x 12 NA 24 x 24 cm 24 x 24 cm

in) (10 x 10 in) (10 x 10 in)








Video storage type PCMCIA drive, hard PCMCIA drive, Digital memory, VCR Digital memory, VCRdisk, floppy disk, digital memory, hardoptional SVHS VCR disk, floppy disk *

Capacity, numberof images 63, 400 18 CP, 400 HP 10,000; optional 16; optional 112,

20,000 hard disk; 208 hard disk;LS-120 super floppy floppy drive

Image matrix size 1000 x 1000 x 16 1000 x 1000 x 16 576 x 576 x 12 576 x 576 x 12


DICOM CONFORMANCE Yes Yes Yes Yes

HARD-COPY DEVICES Integrated film/ Thermal printer Optional multiformat Optional multiformatpaper onboard camera, video camera, videoprinter, thermal printer, thermal printer, thermalprinters paper ** paper **

C-ARMFree space, cm (in) 79.8 (31.4) 35 (13.8) 70.1 (27.6) 70.1 (27.6)

Depth, cm (in) 66 (26) 45 (17.7) 58.4 (23) 58.4 (23)

Orbitalrotation, ° 135 115 115 115

Horizontaltravel, cm (in) 20.3 (8) NA ±20.3 (±8) ±20.3 (±8)

Verticaltravel, cm (in) 46 (18) 70 (27) 47.5 (18.7) 47.5 (18.7)

Panningmotion, ° ±10 230 ±12 ±12

Pivotrotation, ° 360 (180/180) 220 +290/-120 +290/-120

Reverse position Yes Yes Yes Yes

POWER REQUIREMENTS 100/240 VAC, 15/10 A 100/240 VAC, 6/4 A 100/240 VAC, 100/240 VAC, 50/6050/60 Hz, 15 A Hz, 15 A

H x W x D of C-armframe, cm (in) 171 x 84 x 177.3 165 x 71 x 71 177.8 x 80 x 180.3 177.8 x 80 x 180.3

(67.3 x 33.1 x 69.8) (65 x 28 x 28) (70 x 31.5 x 71) (70 x 31.5 x 71)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the second of* SVHS VCR optional. three pages covering** Also interface for external hard-copy device. the above model(s).







WEIGHT, kg (lb) 269 (593) Not specified 243 (534) 243 (534)


std configuration $109,000 and up $71,500 $75,000-160,000 $75,000-160,000


Delivery time, ARO 30-60 days 30-60 days 6 weeks 6 weeks

Service contract $2,500-20,000 $2,500-5,500 $2,000-10,400 $1,500-8,000

Training (includedin purchase) 3-5 days 1 day 1 day on-site 1 day on-site

Year first sold 2001 2001 1999 1999Number installed

USA Not specified Not specified 100 100Worldwide Not specified Not specified 300 300

Fiscal year January to December January to December January to December January to December

OPTIONAL FEATURES Zoom and roam, real- Handswitch; DICOM Digital disk Digital disktime edge enhance- 3.0; DDPI; Sony 980, storage, edge storage, edgement, image annota- 960, 890 thermal enhancement, peak enhancement, peaktion, DAP, laser printers; removable opacification, road- opacification, road-localizer, IR remote archive kit; light- mapping, noise mapping, noise

weight protective reduction, dose- reduction, dose-apron; dust cover; monitoring device, monitoring device,sterile drape combo laser alignment laser alignmentpack; disposable tool, digital tool, digitalI.I. guards; subtraction subtractionfriction-adjustmentkit

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS DAP; touchscreen ABS control tables. Cine review; Cine review up tooperation and integ- Meets requirements sequential acqui- 30 fps; automaticrated footswitch for of CISPR, CSA, EU, sition. brightness control;user interface and IEC, ISO, JIS, and automatic brightnessoperation. MedGV. detection; automatic

gain control.





MODEL GILARDONI GILARDONI HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN

MOBILGIL AR MOBILGIL HF Office Mate Premier7/5 : 9/6/4 : 12/9/6 6 : 7/5 : 9/6/4

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide USA Worldwide

FDA CLEARANCE No No Yes Yes


X-RAY TUBE ANODE 3,000 rpm rotating Stationary Stationary StationaryMaximum output

@ 120 VAC 28 @ 100 kVp 28 @ 100 kVp 0.1 mA @ 75 kVp 0.1 mA @ 75 kVp@ 220 VAC 28 @ 100 kVp 28 @ 100 kVp 0.1 mA @ 75 kVp 0.1 mA @ 75 kVp

Heat capacity, HU 800,000 665,000 6,480 6,480

Cooling, HU/min 60,000 60,000 10,700 10,700

Focal spot size, mmRadiographic mode 0.6 1.5 NA NAFluoroscopic mode 0.3 0.6 0.085 0.045

Tube power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 17 3.85 0.0075 0.0075

X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE High-frequency High-frequency High-frequency High-frequency

Power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 2.8 2.8 0.0075 0.0075

Radiographic modekV range 40-120 40-110 NA NAmA range 23-65 23-65 NA NAmAs range 1-250 1-250 NA NAAEC No No NA NAExposure time, sec 0.0015-6.3 0.0015-6.3 NA NA

Fluoroscopic modekV range 40-110 40-110 40-75 40-75mA range 0.2-6 0.2-6 0.02-0.1 0.02-0.1Pulsed fluoroscopy Yes Yes NA NA

Pulses per sec 0.2-2 0.2-2 NA NA

ABS control kV, mA kV, mA Full range Full range


IMAGE INTENSIFIERDiameter, cm (in) 17/12 (7/5) : 15 (6) : 10 (4) 15/10 (6/4), dual

23/15/12 (9/6/4) : 17/12 (7/5) : mode30/23/15 (12/9/6) 23/15/12 (9/6/4)

TV MONITORSIZE, cm (in) 43.2 (17), dual 43.2 (17), dual 36 (14.2) diagonal Dual 38 (15) diago-

monitors monitors flicker-free display nal HiBrite *

CASSETTE HOLDERSIZES 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm NA NA

(10 x 12 in) (10 x 12 in)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Flicker-free portrait displays. three pages covering








Video storage type Digital memory, Digital memory, Digital memory, VCR Digital memory, hardoptional VCR optional VCR and floppy disks,

optional VHS VCRCapacity, number

of images 1-48; >5,000 hard 1-48; >5,000 hard 2,000-image HD; 2,000-image HD;disk disk 4,000-image HD 4,000-image HD

upgrade, 5 images/ upgrade, 4 images/diskette upgrade diskette

Image matrix size 576 x 576 x 8 or 576 x 576 x 8 768 x 480 x 8-bit 768 x 480 x 8-bit1024 x 512

Last-image hold Yes Yes Last 4 images Last 4 imagesFrame integration Yes Yes 2-16 frames 2-16 frames

DICOM CONFORMANCE Yes Yes No Yes

HARD-COPY DEVICES Optional thermal Optional thermal Thermal printers Thermal printersprinter printer

C-ARMFree space, cm (in) 72.4 (28.5) : 72.2 72.4 (28.5) : 72.2 28 (11) 36 (14.2)

(28.4) : 71 (28) (28.4) : 72.2 (28.4)Depth, cm (in) 66.8 (26.3) 66.8 (26.3) 26 (10.2) 36 (14.2)

Orbitalrotation, ° 115 115 NA 120

Horizontaltravel, cm (in) 21 (8.3) 21 (8.3) 147 (57.9) 119 (46.9)

Verticaltravel, cm (in) 45 (17.7) 45 (17.7) 81 (31.9) 58 (22.8)

Panningmotion, ° ±12 ±12 320 320

Pivotrotation, ° 360 360 ±450 380

Reverse position Yes Yes No NA

POWER REQUIREMENTS 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz 100-120/230-240 VAC, 100-120/230-240 VAC,50/60 Hz 50/60 Hz

H x W x D of C-armframe, cm (in) 173 x 78 x 180 173 x 78 x 180 Not specified 152 x 66 x 84

(68.1 x 30.7 x 70.9) (68.1 x 30.7 x 70.9) (59.8 x 26 x 33.1)







WEIGHT, kg (lb) 265 (584) : 220 250 (551) : 255 125 (275) 222.3 (490)(485) : 275 (606) (562) : 260 (573)


std configuration €70,800-88,400 €64,480-65,600 Not specified Not specified(US$75,568-95,602) (US$69,735-70,947)

Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year, parts and 1 year, parts andlabor labor

Delivery time, ARO 3 weeks 3-4 weeks 2-6 weeks 2-6 weeks

Service contract Not specified Not specified Yes Yes

Training (includedin purchase) Yes Yes 1 day on-site 1 day on-site

Year first sold Not specified 1999 1997 1998Number installed

USA Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specifiedWorldwide Not specified Not specified NA Not specified

Fiscal year January to December January to December October to September October to September

OPTIONAL FEATURES None specified None specified Professional-grade Professional-gradeVHS VHS; 15 x 23 cm (6 x

9 in) thermalprinter, 15 x 23 cm(6 x 9 in) thermalpaper/film; real-time histogramming;AutoMode ADRcontrol; contrastexpansion; edgeenhancement; B/Wreversal, mirroring;area of interest

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. Real-time histogram- Magnify, zoom, &ming; AutoMode ADR roam; 4-image mosa-control; contrast ic; RS170 compositeexpansion; edge video output; pat-enhancement; ented sterile fieldB/W reversal and controls; 3-functionmirroring; usage footswitch (print/audit; password- x-ray/store);access-protected access; limiting passwordsuniversal RS170 (50 custom); laservideo output; aiming device; wire-sterile drapes. less remote-control

pad; DICOM 3.0Ethernet; steriledrapes; lightweightprotective aprons;surgical drop-offstyle; comprehensivesystem use; patientbilling: DICOM his-tory/service logs.





MODEL HOLOGIC/FLUOROSCAN INSTRUMENTARIUM INSTRUMENTARIUM INSTRUMENTARIUM

Premier Encore Ziehm Compact Ziehm Vision Ziehm Vista

WHERE MARKETED USA Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide


CE MARK (MDD) No Yes Yes Yes

X-RAY TUBE ANODE Stationary Stationary Stationary StationaryMaximum output

@ 120 VAC 0.1 mA @ 75 kVp 20 mA @ 110 kVp 20 mA @ 110 kVp 20 mA @ 110 kVp@ 220 VAC 0.1 mA @ 75 kVp 20 mA @ 110 kVp 20 mA @ 110 kVp 20 mA @ 110 kVp

Heat capacity, HU 6,480 76,000 45,000 76,000

Cooling, HU/min 10,700 19,800 46,000 19,800

Focal spot size, mmRadiographic mode NA 1.5 0.6 1.5Fluoroscopic mode 0.045 0.6 0.6 0.6

Tube power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 0.0075 2.2 2.2 2.2

X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE High-frequency High-frequency, High-frequency, High-frequency,20 kHz 40 kHz 20 kHz


Radiographic modekV range NA 40-110 40-110 40-110mA range NA 0-20 0-20 0-20mAs range NA 0-100 0-100 0-100AEC NA No No NoExposure time, sec NA 0.1-5 0.1-7.5 0.1-5

Fluoroscopic modekV range 40-75 40-110 40-110 40-110mA range 0.02-0.1 0-20 0-20 0-20Pulsed fluoroscopy NA Yes Yes Yes

Pulses per sec NA 1-3 1-30 1-3

ABS control Full range kV, mA, gain, black kV, mA, gain, black kV, mA, gain, blacklevel, TV iris level, TV iris * level, TV iris


IMAGE INTENSIFIERDiameter, cm (in) 15/10 (6/4), dual 23/15 (9/6), 15 (6) 30/23/15 (12/9/6), 30/23/15 (12/9/6),

mode 23/15/11.5 (9/6/4.5) 23/15 (9/6), 15 (6)

TV MONITORSIZE, cm (in) Dual 38 (15) diago- 43.2 (17), single 43.2 (17), dual 43.2 (17), dual

nal HiBrite ** rotating; 12.7 (5) high-resolution *** rotating

CASSETTE HOLDERSIZES NA 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm

(10 x 12 in) (10 x 12 in) (10 x 12 in)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Also dual histogram and multiregion control. three pages covering** Flicker-free portrait displays with right screen touch. the above model(s).*** Optional 18" TFT, flat panel. These specifications

continue onto thenext two pages.







Video storage type Digital memory, hard Digital memory Digital disk/memory, VCR, digital memory,and floppy disks, floppy disk, SVHS floppy disk, Zipoptional VHS VCR * VCR, Jaz, Zip, CD-RW ** disk

Capacity, numberof images 2,000-image HD; 1-2 500 up to 50,000 16-6,952

4 images/diskette; with 30 fps, dynamic4,000-image HD image storage,upgrade optional dynamic

array

Image matrix size 768 x 480 x 8-bit 525 x 525 x 8 1000 x 1000, 16-bit 1287 x 512 x 10processing

Last-image hold Last 4 images Yes Yes YesFrame integration 2-16 frames Yes Yes Yes

DICOM CONFORMANCE Yes No Yes Yes

HARD-COPY DEVICES Thermal printers Video printer Instant film/paper, Multiformat camera,Sony 960 and 980; video and thermalSony SVO 9500MD VCR; printersCodonics EP 1660

C-ARMFree space, cm (in) 36 (14.2) 76 (29.9) 76.8 (30) 76 (29.9)

Depth, cm (in) 36 (14.2) 68 (26.8) 69 (27) 68 (26.8)

Orbitalrotation, ° 120 115 135 w/9", 115 w/12" 135


Verticaltravel, cm (in) 58 (22.8) 43 (17) 43 (17) 43 (17)

Panningmotion, ° 320 20 20 20

Pivotrotation, ° 380 450 450 450

Reverse position NA Yes Yes Yes

POWER REQUIREMENTS 100-120/230-240 VAC, 115/220-240 VAC, 115/220-240 VAC, 115/220-240 VAC,50/60 Hz 20/16 A 20/16 A 20/16 A


(59.8 x 26 x 33.1) (66.9 x 31.5 x 63) (66.9 x 31.5 x 63.8) (66.9 x 31.5 x 63.8)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the second of* CD-R and CD-RW drive. three pages covering** Integrated DICOM 3.0 interface. the above model(s).







WEIGHT, kg (lb) 222.3 (490) 260 (572) 220 (484) 220 (484)


std configuration Not specified $90,000 $155,000 $125,000

Warranty 1 year, parts and 1 year 1 year 1 yearlabor

Delivery time, ARO 2-6 weeks 30-60 days 30-60 days 30-60 days

Service contract Yes Not specified Not specified Not specified

Training (includedin purchase) 1 day on-site Yes Yes Yes

Year first sold 2003 Not specified Not specified Not specifiedNumber installed


Fiscal year October to September January to December January to December January to December

OPTIONAL FEATURES Professional-grade Laser positioning Laser positioning Laser positioningVHS; 15 x 23 cm device, dose device, DSA, road- device, real-time(6 x 9 in) thermal measurement system mapping, digital edge enhancement,printer, 15 x 23 cm image rotation with- zoom, patient(6 x 9 in) thermal out radiation, annotation, windowpaper/film; real- Vision trac (virtual level, 4-on-1 printtime histogramming; collimator without format, real-timeAutoMode ADR radiation) subtraction,control; contrast roadmapping, peakexpansion; edge opacification, cineenhancement; B/W loop, dose measure-reversal, mirroring; ment system,area of interest 5,000,000 HU storage

and cooling system,Zip disk

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Offers same specifi- Frame averaging; Auto point ABS; Frame averaging;cations as Premier field upgradable Vision Center field upgradableplus touch-sensitive with all options. (touchscreen graph- with all options.display monitor; Complies with ical user inter- Complies with185, 600, and 700 MB IEC 601-1. Meets face); field upgrad- IEC 601-1. MeetsCD-R/CD-RW; custom requirements of TUV, able with all requirements of TUV,settings for up to UL, and VDE. options. Complies UL, and VDE.20 physicians; video with IEC 601-1.CD-ROM in-service Meets requirementstool. of TUV, UL, and VDE.





MODEL LISTEM PCK PCK PHILIPS

SM-20HF Polaris-5R Polaris-7R BV Endura

WHERE MARKETED Africa, Asia, Worldwide, except Worldwide, except WorldwideOceania, South USA USAAmerica

FDA CLEARANCE No Submitted Submitted Yes

CE MARK (MDD) No (only REX-325R) Yes Yes Yes

X-RAY TUBE ANODE Stationary Rotating Rotating StationaryMaximum output

@ 120 VAC Not specified Not specified Not specified 7.2 mA @ 110 kVp@ 220 VAC 60 mA @ 110 kVp 10 mA @ 120 kVp 50 mA @ 120 kVp 7.2 mA @ 110 kVp

Heat capacity, HU 45,000 800,000 800,000 50,000/1,200,000housing

Cooling, HU/min 19,800 24,000 40,000 30,600

Focal spot size, mmRadiographic mode 1.5, 1.5 0.6 0.6 1.4Fluoroscopic mode 0.5, 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6

Tube power rating,kW @ 100 kVp Not specified 5 7 3.15 @ 110 kVp

X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE High-frequency High-frequency High-frequency DC converterconstant potential

Power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 2.5 5 7 3.15 @ 110 kVp

Radiographic modekV range 40-110 40-120 40-120 40-105mA range Not specified 40-100 0.2-56 20 fixedmAs range 1-120 1-200 300 0.2-80AEC No Yes Yes NoExposure time, sec Not specified 0.01-5 0.01-5 4

Fluoroscopic modekV range 40-110 40-120 40-120 40-110mA range 0.2-4 0.2-10 0.2-20 0.1-7.2 w/auto HIPPulsed fluoroscopy No Yes Yes Safe-pulse

Pulses per sec NA 25 25 Variable

ABS control kVp, mA kVp, mA, camera kVp, mA, camera kV and mAgain, black level gain, black level

Snapshot mode Yes Not specified Not specified No

IMAGE INTENSIFIERDiameter, cm (in) 23/15 (9/6) 23/17/16 23/17/16 23/17/13 (9/7/5),

(9/7/6) (9/7/6) 31/23/17 (12/9/7)

TV MONITORSIZE, cm (in) 43.2 (17), dual 53.3 (21), 43.2 53.3 (21), 43.2 43.2 (17), dual

monitors (17); opt dual monit (17); opt dual monit monitors

CASSETTE HOLDERSIZES 24 x 30 cm 24 x 24 cm 24 x 24 cm (10 x 10 24 x 24 cm (10 x

(10 x 12 in) (10 x 10 in) in) 10 in), 24 x 30 cmoptional (10 x 12 in)








Video storage type Digital memory Digital memory Digital memory Digital memory

Capacity, numberof images 1 or 4 1-10,000, depending 1-10,000, depending 500 @ 3 fps,

on options on options 5,000 @ 8 fps,10,000 @ 30 fps

Image matrix size Not specified 752 x 582 x 10-bit 752 x 582 x 10-bit 1006 x 480 x 8(60 Hz) display

Last-image hold Yes Yes Yes YesFrame integration Not specified Yes Yes Yes

DICOM CONFORMANCE Not specified Yes Yes XA multiframe,RIS/HS, MPPS *

HARD-COPY DEVICES Optional camera Multiformat camera, Multiformat camera, Video media (dual)video, laser, or video, laser, or and paper printers;thermal camera thermal camera video and CD/DVD

recorders

C-ARMFree space, cm (in) 75 (29.5) 76 (29.9) 76 (29.9) 78 (30.7)

Depth, cm (in) 64.6 (25.4) 65 (25.6) 65 (25.6) 61 (24)

Orbitalrotation, ° 115 115 115 +90/-25


Verticaltravel, cm (in) 45 (17.7) 30 (11.8) motorized; 30 (11.8) motorized; 50 (19.7)

40 (15.7) optional 40 (15.7) optionalPanning

motion, ° ±12.5 ±10 ±10 ±10

Pivotrotation, ° ±180 ±180 ±180 ±205, safety stop

±150Reverse position Yes Yes Yes Yes

POWER REQUIREMENTS 220 VAC, 50/60 Hz 110 VAC, 60 Hz; 110 VAC, 60 Hz; 110-240 ±10% VAC,220 VAC, 50 Hz 220 VAC, 50 Hz 30/16 A

H x W x D of C-armframe, cm (in) 176 x 78.1 x 174.8 178 x 80 x 240 178 x 80 x 240 184 x 88 x 175

(69.3 x 30.7 x 68.8) (70 x 31.5 x 94) (70 x 31.5 x 94) (73.6 x 35.2 x 68.9)w/23 cm (9") I.I.,187 x 88 x 181(74.8 x 35.2 x 72.4)w/31 cm (12") I.I.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the second of* Also store commit. three pages covering

the above model(s).These specificationscontinue onto thenext page.






WEIGHT, kg (lb) 230 (507.1) Not specified Not specified 295 (649) C-arm,210 (463) monitor


std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified $134,000-215,000

Warranty 18 months 1 year 1 year 1 year

Delivery time, ARO 2 months 4 weeks 4 weeks 60 days

Service contract Not specified Yes Yes 1-5 years or more

Training (includedin purchase) Not specified Yes Yes Application; biomed

negotiableYear first sold 1998 1997 1997 2001Number installed

USA NA NA NA Not specifiedWorldwide Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified


OPTIONAL FEATURES None specified Digital image Digital image Extended memoryrotation, laser rotation, laser storage, vascularpositioning, positioning, laser functions withradiation-free radiation-free peak opacification,collimation, collimation, roadmapping,IR remote control, IR remote control, subtraction,motorized pivot motorized pivot extended vascularrotation, motorized rotation, motorized CO2 imaging, Smartorbital rotation orbital rotation Mask, extended

processing, laseralignment tool,laser aiming light,75 Hz triple-gunmonitors

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. Isocentric C-arm; Isocentric C-arm; Anatomicallymagnetic locks; magnetic locks; adaptive measuringreal-time frame- real-time field; real-timegrabber and framegrabber and edge enhancement andhistogramming; DSA. histogramming; DSA. movement detection;

16-image overview/run overview;single-user inter-face; vascular foot-switch; remote con-trol.





MODEL PHILIPS PHILIPS SIAS SIAS

BV Libra BV Pulsera Angio XL 13 Integra 809


FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes No No


X-RAY TUBE ANODE Stationary Rotating Rotating RotatingMaximum output

@ 120 VAC 7.2 mA @ 110 kVp 20 mA @ 120 kVp 40 mA @ 120 kVp 40 mA @ 120 kVp@ 220 VAC 7.2 mA @ 110 kVp 20 mA @ 120 kVp, 40 mA @ 120 kVp 40 mA @ 120 kVp

60 mA @ 100 kVp,75 mA @ 110 kVp *

Heat capacity, HU 50,000/1,200,000 300,000/1,900,000 300,000 200,000housing housing

Cooling, HU/min 30,600 70,000 70,000 40,000

Focal spot size, mmRadiographic mode 1.4 0.6 0.6 0.6Fluoroscopic mode 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.3

Tube power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 3.15 @ 110 kVp 7.5 @ 110 kVp Not specified Not specified

X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE DC converter HF converter 40 kHz 40 kHzconstant potential

Power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 3.15 @ 110 kVp 7.5 @ 110 kVp 15 7.5

Radiographic modekV range 40-105 40-110 40-120 40-120mA range 20 fixed 60 fixed 25-100 25-100mAs range 0.2-80 3.2-125 1-300 1-240AEC No No Upon request Upon requestExposure time, sec 4 2 0.01-3 0.01-3

Fluoroscopic modekV range 40-110 40-120 40-120 40-120mA range 0.1-7.2 w/auto HIP 0.1-20 0.2-5 0.2-5Pulsed fluoroscopy Yes Yes Yes Yes

Pulses per sec 15 15 1/3/6/12/25 12/25

ABS control kV and mA kV and mA kVp and mA kVp and mA

Snapshot mode No SharpShot Yes Yes

IMAGE INTENSIFIERDiameter, cm (in) 15 (6), 23/17/13 23/17/13 (9/7/5), 33/23/16/12 23/15/11 (9/6/4.5)

(9/7/5) 31/23/17 (12/9/7) (13/9/7/4) or 17/11 (7/4.5)

TV MONITORSIZE, cm (in) 43.2 (17), single or 43.2 (17), dual 43.2 (17); 21" for 43.2 (17)

dual monitors monitors motorized version

CASSETTE HOLDERSIZES 24 x 24 cm (10 x 24 x 24 cm (10 x 35 x 35 cm 24 x 30 cm

10 in), 24 x 30 cm 10 in), 24 x 30 cm (13.8 x 13.8 in) (10 x 12 in)(10 x 12 in) (10 x 12 in)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* SharpShot. three pages covering








Video storage type Digital memory Digital memory Digital memory Optional digitalmemory

Capacity, numberof images 500 @ 3 fps, 500 @ 5 fps, 128,000 @ 512 x 512; VIP 48 images @

1,000 @ 5 fps 5,000 @ 8 fps, 32,000 @ 1024 x 1024 576 x 57610,000 @ 30 fps

Image matrix size 1008 x 480 x 8 1006 x 480 x 8 512 x 512 or 576 x 576(60 Hz) display display, 12-bit 1024 x 1024

dedicated pipelineLast-image hold Yes Yes Yes YesFrame integration Yes Recursive filtering Yes Yes

DICOM CONFORMANCE XA multiframe, XA multiframe, Optional OptionalRIS/HS, MPPS * RIS/HS, MPPS *

HARD-COPY DEVICES Video media (dual) Video media (dual) None specified Optional camera,and paper printers; and paper printers; video printer,video and CD/DVD video and CD/DVD thermal printerrecorders recorders


Depth, cm (in) 61 (24) 61 (24) 64 (25.2) 64 (25.2)

Orbitalrotation, ° +90/-25 +90/-25, optional 115 115

-45 extendedHorizontal

travel, cm (in) 20 (7.9) 20 (7.9) 20 (7.9) 20 (7.9)



Pivotrotation, ° ±205, safety stop ±205 ±180 ±180

±150Reverse position Yes Yes Yes Yes

POWER REQUIREMENTS 110-240 ±10% VAC, 110-240 VAC; 220/240 VAC, 220/240 VAC,30/16 A 15 A @ 120 VAC, 5 kVA 5 kVA

16 A @ 220 VAC

H x W x D of C-armframe, cm (in) 181.5 x 89 x 168 184 x 88 x 175 178 x 80 x 190 178 x 80 x 190

(72.6 x 35.6 x 67.2) (73.6 x 35.2 x 70) (70.1 x 31.5 x 74.8) (70.1 x 31.5 x 74.8)w/23 cm (9") I.I.,187 x 88 x 181(74.8 x 35.2 x 72.4)w/31 cm (12") I.I.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the second of* Also store commit. three pages covering







WEIGHT, kg (lb) 265 (583) C-arm, 320 (704) C-arm, 265 (583) 255 (561)210 (463) monitor 210 (463) monitor


std configuration $94,500-140,000 $146,000-265,000 According to type of According to type ofmemory memory


Delivery time, ARO 60 days 60 days Not specified Not specified

Service contract 1-5 years or more 1-5 years or more Not specified Not specified

Training (includedin purchase) Application; biomed Application; biomed Not specified Not specified

negotiable negotiableYear first sold 2001 2001 2003 1993Number installed


Fiscal year January to December January to December Not specified Not specified

OPTIONAL FEATURES Extended memory Extended image Keyboard for patient Half-transparentstorage, second memory, vascular patient ID data, collimator, laser-monitor, processing, functions including laser-beam center- beam centeringextended processing, roadmapping, ing, half-trans- device, variablelaser alignment subtraction, peak, parent collimator, (90-105 mm) SIDtool, laser aiming Smart Mask, CO2 variable (90-105 mm)light, dose indica- imaging, extended SIDtor, 75 Hz triple- processing, lasergun monitors, alignment tool,vascular functions laser aiming light,

remote controlsingle-user inter-face, cardiac pack-age, 75 Hz triple-gun monitor

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Anatomically Anatomically Mobile DSA; PTCA; Mobile unit foradaptive measuring adaptive measuring intraoperative operating room.field; image field; image angiography; Meets requirementsintensifier intensifier digital disk of IEC 601-1.fiberoptically fiberoptically storage; real-timecoupled to TV coupled to TV subtraction; specialcamera (CCD) with camera (CCD) with procedures; motionamorphous lens; amorphous lens; artifact reduction;16-image overview. real-time edge roadmapping; max

enhancement and peak opacification;movement detection; noise reduction;auto high-penetra- laser-beam center-tion low-dose ing; 130 mA pulsedtechnique; 16-image fluoroscopy.overview/run over- Meets requirementsview; vascular foot- of IEC 601-1.switch.





MODEL SIAS SIAS SIEMENS SIEMENS

Integra 909 : Synchro 9 Powermobil Siremobil Compact LCardio 945


FDA CLEARANCE No No Yes Yes


X-RAY TUBE ANODE Rotating Rotating Rotating StationaryMaximum output

@ 120 VAC 40 mA @ 120 kVp 40 mA @ 120 kVp 20 kW 1.4 kW@ 220 VAC 40 mA @ 120 kVp 40 mA @ 120 kVp 20 kW 1.4 kW

Heat capacity, HU 300,000 300,000 270,000 50,000 anode,1,200,000 unit

Cooling, HU/min 70,000 70,000 50,000 13,770 anode

Focal spot size, mmRadiographic mode 0.6 0.6 NA 0.6Fluoroscopic mode 0.3 0.3 0.3/0.5 0.6

Tube power rating,kW @ 100 kVp Not specified Not specified 20 1.4

X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE 40 kHz 40 kHz High-frequency High-frequency

Power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 15 15 20 1.4

Radiographic modekV range 40-120 40-120 NA 40-110mA range 25-100 25-100 NA 6.9-20mAs range 1-300 1-300 NA 1-150 in 23 stepsAEC Upon request Upon request NA mAsExposure time, sec 0.01-3 0.01-3 NA 0.05-10

Fluoroscopic modekV range 40-120 40-120 40-125 40-110mA range 0.2-5 0.2-5 0.2-6.7 0.2-8.9Pulsed fluoroscopy Yes Yes Yes Yes

Pulses per sec 1/3/12/25 1/3/6/12/25 0-15 0-2

ABS control kVp, mA kVp, mA Exposure, TV iris, Exposure, TV iris,camera gain camera gain

Snapshot mode Yes Yes 0.2-250 mA 0.2-12.2 mA

IMAGE INTENSIFIERDiameter, cm (in) 23/15/11 (9/6/4.5) 23/15/11 (9/6/4.5) 23/15 (9/6) 17/10 (7/4),

or 17/11 (7/4.5) or 17/11 (7/4.5) 23/15 (9/6)

TV MONITORSIZE, cm (in) 43.2 (17) 43.2 (17); 21" for 43.2 (17), dual 43.2 (17), dual

motorized version monitors monitors

CASSETTE HOLDERSIZES 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm NA 24 x 30 cm

(10 x 12 in) (10 x 12 in) (10 x 12 in)








Video storage type Digital memory Optional digital Digital memory Digital memory, diskmemory

Capacity, numberof images 128,000 @ 512 x 512; 128,000 @ 512 x 512; 5,000/10,000 900

32,000 @ 1024 x 1024 32,000 @ 1024 x 1024

Image matrix size 512 x 512 or 570 x 570, 512 x 444 512 x 4441024 x 1024 1024 x 1024

Last-image hold Yes Yes Yes YesFrame integration Yes Yes 0-32 frames 0-32 frames

DICOM CONFORMANCE Optional Optional Yes Yes

HARD-COPY DEVICES Optional camera, Optional video Paper, film, laser Paper, film, laservideo printer, printer, thermal multiformat film, multiformat film,thermal printer printer, laser CODONICS, DICOM, CODONICS, DICOM,

printer, DICOM 3.0 1,000-image disk 1,000-image disk


Depth, cm (in) 64 (25.2) 64 (25.2) 71.4 (28.1) 73 (28.7)

Orbitalrotation, ° 135 135 190 (±95) 130 (+90/-40)

Horizontaltravel, cm (in) 20 (7.9) 20 (7.9) 20.3 (8) 20 (7.9)

Verticaltravel, cm (in) 50 (19.7) 50 (19.7) 40 (15.7) motorized 45 (17.7) motorized

Panningmotion, ° ±10 ±10 ±10 ±12.5

Pivotrotation, ° ±180 ±180 ±190 ±190


POWER REQUIREMENTS 220/240 VAC, 220/240 VAC, 110-240 VAC 110-240 VAC5 kVA 5 kVA

H x W x D of C-armframe, cm (in) 178 x 80 x 190 178 x 80 x 190 212 x 80 x 181 165 x 80 x 164.8

(70.1 x 31.5 x 74.8) (70.1 x 31.5 x 74.8) (83.5 x 31.5 x 71.3) (65 x 31.5 x 64.9),212 x 80 x 181(83.5 x 31.5 x 71.3)







WEIGHT, kg (lb) 255 (561) 285 (628) 363 (800) 257 (566), 147(324) monitor cart


std configuration According to type of According to type of Not specified Not specifiedmemory memory


Delivery time, ARO Not specified Not specified 8 weeks 6 weeks

Service contract Not specified Not specified Yes Yes

Training (includedin purchase) Not specified Not specified 3 days 2 days (3 days DSA)

Year first sold 2001 : 1992 2001 1999 2001 (1996 Compact)Number installed


Fiscal year Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

OPTIONAL FEATURES Keyboard for patient None specified Digital cine mode up Digital imageID data, to 250 mA, cableless rotation, electroniclaser-beam center- counterbalanced shutters on storeding, half-trans- isocentric C-arm, image, imageparent collimator, DSA and roadmap collage, dose-areavariable (90-105 mm) standard product display,SID auto window imaging,

electromagnetic lockcontrols, 25customizable userprograms

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS Mobile DSA; PTCA; Motorized with None specified. None specified.intraoperative movements speedangiography; proportional; remotedigital disk controlled by joy-storage; real-time stick or withsubtraction; special dedicated panel onprocedures; motion both sides; manualartifact reduction; and motorized C-armroadmapping; max movement; safetypeak opacification; clutches for all130 mA pulsed electric-poweredfluoroscopy. movements; touch-Meets requirements screen-controlledof IEC 601-1. x-ray parameters;

5 x-ray tube coolingfans to extendoperationalcapabilities; 130 mApulsed.





MODEL SIEMENS SIEMENS STEPHANIX STEPHANIX

Siremobil Iso-C : Siremobil Iso-C 3D OMNISCOP C with 7" OMNISCOP C with 9"Siremobil Iso-C LF Image Intensifier Image Intensifier


FDA CLEARANCE Yes Yes Not specified Not specified


X-RAY TUBE ANODE Stationary Stationary Fixed FixedMaximum output

@ 120 VAC 1.4 kW 1.4 kW Not specified Not specified@ 220 VAC 1.4 kW 1.4 kW 28 mA @ 100 kV 28 mA @ 100 kV

Heat capacity, HU 50,000 anode, 50,000 anode, 42,000 42,0001,200,000 unit 1,200,000 unit

Cooling, HU/min 13,770 anode 13,770 anode Not specified Not specified


Tube power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 1.4 1.4 Not specified Not specified

X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE High-frequency High-frequency High frequency High frequency


Radiographic modekV range 40-110 40-110 40-110 40-110mA range 6.9-20 6.9-20 25.4-65 25.4-65mAs range 1-150 in 23 steps 1-150 in 23 steps 1-250 1-250AEC mAs mAs Not specified Not specifiedExposure time, sec 0.05-10 0.05-10 Not specified Not specified

Fluoroscopic modekV range 40-110 40-110 40-110 40-110mA range 0.2-8.9 0.2-8.9 0.2-4 0.2-4Pulsed fluoroscopy Yes Yes Yes Yes

Pulses per sec 0-2 0-2 Not specified Not specified

ABS control Exposure, TV iris, Exposure, TV iris, kV and mA kV and mAcamera gain camera gain

Snapshot mode 0.2-12.2 mA 0.2-12.2 mA Not specified Not specified

IMAGE INTENSIFIERDiameter, cm (in) 23/15 (9/6), 23/15 (9/6) 16/12 (6.3/4.7) 23/16/12 (9.1/6.3/

27/23 (11/9) 4.7)

TV MONITORSIZE, cm (in) 43.2 (17), dual 43.2 (17), dual 44 (17), flat screen 44 (17), flat screen

monitors monitors

CASSETTE HOLDERSIZES 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm

(10 x 12 in) (10 x 12 in) (9.5 x 11.8 in) (9.5 x 11.8 in)optional optional








Video storage type Digital memory, disk Digital memory, disk Digital memory Digital memory

Capacity, numberof images 900 900 1 1

Image matrix size 512 x 444 512 x 444 576 x 576 x 8 576 x 576 x 8

Last-image hold Yes Yes Yes YesFrame integration 0-32 frames 0-32 frames Not specified Not specified

DICOM CONFORMANCE Yes Yes Not specified Not specified

HARD-COPY DEVICES Paper, film, laser Paper, film, laser Not specified Not specifiedmultiformat film, multiformat film,CODONICS, DICOM, CODONICS, DICOM,1,000-image disk 1,000-image disk

C-ARMFree space, cm (in) 78 (30.7) 78 (30.7) 72.5 (28.5) 72.5 (28.5)

Depth, cm (in) 73 (28.7) 73 (28.7) 66.2 (26.1) 66.2 (26.1)

Orbitalrotation, ° 190 (±95) 190 (±95) 115 115


Verticaltravel, cm (in) 40 (15.7) motorized 40 (15.7) motorized 40 (15.7) motorized 40 (15.7) motorized


Pivotrotation, ° ±190 ±190 ±200 ±200

Reverse position Yes Yes Not specified Not specified

POWER REQUIREMENTS 110-240 VAC 110-240 VAC 230 VAC, 230 VAC,50/60 Hz, 16 A 50/60 Hz, 16 A

H x W x D of C-armframe, cm (in) 165 x 80 x 164.8 165 x 80 x 164.8 211.3 x 88.4 x 182 211 x 88.4 x 182

(65 x 31.5 x 64.9) (65 x 31.5 x 64.9) (83.2 x 34.8 x 71.7) (83.1 x 34.8 x 71.7)







WEIGHT, kg (lb) 235 (519), 147 235 (519), 147 230 (507.2) 230 (507.2)(324) monitor cart (324) monitor cart


std configuration Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified


Delivery time, ARO 6 weeks 6 weeks Not specified Not specified

Service contract Yes Yes Not specified Not specified

Training (includedin purchase) 2 days (3 days DSA) 2 days (3 days DSA/ Not specified Not specified

3D)Year first sold 1998 : 1999 2001 Not specified Not specifiedNumber installed


Fiscal year Not specified Not specified January to December January to December

OPTIONAL FEATURES Digital image Digital image Digital systems, Digital systems,rotation, electronic rotation, electronic cross-laser cross-lasershutters on stored shutters on stored localizer, models of localizer, models ofimage, image image, image collimators, collimators,collage, dose-area collage, dose-area sterilized covers sterilized coversproduct display, product display,auto window imaging auto window imaging,: Cableless cableless isocentricisocentric design design supportssupports, 3-Dfeature forreal-time intra-operative acquisi-tion of 3-D dataset (CT-like images) *

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. 3-D feature for None specified. None specified.real-timeintraoperativeacquisitionof 3-D data set(CT-like images)before, during, orafter OR procedures;instant review of3-D and multiplanarreconstructions.

Colons separate data on similar models of a device.* Before, during, or after OR procedures; instant review of 3-D and multiplanar reconstructions.




MODEL STEPHANIX STEPHANIX SWEMAC TECHNIX

OMNISCOP CR with 9" OMNISCOP CR with 12" Biplanar 400 E TCA 5RImage Intensifier Image Intensifier

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide Worldwide, exceptUSA

FDA CLEARANCE Not specified Not specified Yes No


X-RAY TUBE ANODE Rotating Rotating Stationary RotatingMaximum output

@ 120 VAC Not specified Not specified 4 mA @ 110 kVp 50 mA @ 100 kVp *@ 220 VAC 28 mA @ 100 kV 28 mA @ 100 kV 4 mA @ 110 kVp 50 mA @ 100 kVp *

Heat capacity, HU 210,000 210,000 76,000 200,000

Cooling, HU/min Not specified Not specified 19,800 33,000

Focal spot size, mmRadiographic mode 0.6 0.6 Not specified 0.6Fluoroscopic mode 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.3

Tube power rating,kW @ 100 kVp Not specified Not specified 4 17

X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE High-frequency High-frequency Digital high- Not specifiedfrequency

Power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 2.8 2.8 Not specified 2.8, 5

Radiographic modekV range 40-120 40-120 Not specified 40-120, 1 kVp stepsmA range 23.3-65 23.3-65 Not specified 23-90mAs range 1-250 1-250 Not specified 1-250AEC Not specified Not specified Not specified NoExposure time, sec Not specified Not specified Not specified 0.011-5

Fluoroscopic modekV range 40-120 40-120 40-110 40-120, 1 kVp stepsmA range 0.2-4 0.2-4 0.2-4 0.2-8Pulsed fluoroscopy Yes Yes Not specified Yes

Pulses per sec Not specified Not specified Not specified 0.2-2

ABS control kV and mA kV and mA Yes kV, mA

Snapshot mode Not specified Not specified Yes Yes

IMAGE INTENSIFIERDiameter, cm (in) 23/16/12 (9.1/6.3/ 30/23/16 (11.8/9.1/ 23 (9) 23/15/11 (9/6/4.5),

4.7) 6.3) 17/13 (7/5),15 (6)

TV MONITORSIZE, cm (in) 44 (17), flat screen 44 (17), flat screen 43.2 (17); 100 Hz, 43.2 (17), single

flicker-free or dual monitors

CASSETTE HOLDERSIZES 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm Not specified 24 x 30 cm

(10 x 12 in) (10 x 12) 10 x 24 in), oroptional optional 18 x 24 cm

(7 x 10 in)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Also 90 mA @ 40 kVp. three pages covering








Video storage type Digital memory Digital memory RAM Digital memory

Capacity, numberof images 1 1 2 Digital imaging

processor 100 Hz/48frames on RAM and20,000 frameson hard disk

Image matrix size 576 x 576 x 8 576 x 576 x 8 750 x 576 576 x 576 x 8

Last-image hold Yes Yes Yes YesFrame integration Not specified Not specified 2-16 Yes

DICOM CONFORMANCE Not specified Not specified Optional Optional (with DIPmemory)

HARD-COPY DEVICES Not specified Not specified Video-copy printer, Optional video/film/optional multiformat thermal/lasercamera and DICOM printer, hard disk,interface CD-ROM *

C-ARMFree space, cm (in) 77.8 (30.6) 72 (28.3) 106 (41.7) 79 (31.1)

Depth, cm (in) 66.2 (26.1) 64.1 (25.2) Not specified 70 (27.6)

Orbitalrotation, ° 115 115 Not specified 120

Horizontaltravel, cm (in) 20 (7.9) 20 (7.9) Not specified 22 (8.7)

Verticaltravel, cm (in) 40 (15.7) motorized 40 (15.7) motorized 30 (11.8) 50 (19.7)

Panningmotion, ° ±12 ±10 ±17 ±12.5

Pivotrotation, ° ±200 ±200 Not specified ±270

Reverse position Not specified Not specified Not specified Yes

POWER REQUIREMENTS 230 VAC, 230 VAC, 100-240 ±10% VAC, 105/240 VAC,50/60 Hz, 16 A 50/60 Hz, 16 A 2 kVA 50/60 Hz, 24/10 A

H x W x D of C-armframe, cm (in) 217.8 x 88.4 x 182 218.7 x 88.4 x 179.6 190 x 195 x 38.1 190.8 x 79.8 x 187.6

(85.7 x 34.8 x 71.7) (86.1 x 34.8 x 70.7) (74.8 x 76.8 x 15) (75.1 x 31.4 x 73.9)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the second of* Video recorder or multiformat camera. three pages covering







WEIGHT, kg (lb) 237 (522.6) 250 (551.3) 320 (704) 300 (661.5)



Warranty 1 year 1 year 1 year Not specified

Delivery time, ARO Not specified Not specified Not specified 4 weeks


Training (includedin purchase) Not specified Not specified Yes None

Year first sold Not specified Not specified 1987 2003Number installed

USA Not specified Not specified Not specified NAWorldwide Not specified Not specified 200 Not specified


OPTIONAL FEATURES Digital systems, Digital systems, Hard-disk storage Laser targetingcross-laser cross-laser for up to 2,900 device, thermallocalizer, models of localizer, models of images printer, dosimetercollimators, collimators, w/printer, flicker-sterilized covers sterilized covers free TV chain,

digital image pro-cessor, DICOM inter-facing, CD-ROM (withDICOM), videorecorder

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. Meets requirements None specified.of EMC andEN 60601-1-2,601-1, 601-2-7,601-2-28,62B (CO) 88, and62B (CO) 108.





MODEL TECHNIX VILLA SISTEMI VILLA SISTEMI VMI

TCA 5S Arcovis 2000 RB Arcovis 2000 SB Cenos

WHERE MARKETED Worldwide, except Worldwide Worldwide WorldwideUSA

FDA CLEARANCE No No No No

CE MARK (MDD) Yes Yes Yes No

X-RAY TUBE ANODE Stationary Rotating Stationary Not specifiedMaximum output

@ 120 VAC 28 mA @ 100 kVp * 50 mA @ 100 kVp 28 mA @ 100 kVp 100 mA @ 100 kVp@ 220 VAC 28 mA @ 100 kVp * 50 mA @ 100 kVp 28 mA @ 100 kVp 100 mA @ 100 kVp

Heat capacity, HU 40,000 200,000 40,000 300,000

Cooling, HU/min 17,000 33,000 17,000 65,000


Tube power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 3.3 17 3.2 30

X-RAY GENERATOR TYPE Not specified High-frequency High-frequency High-frequency

Power rating,kW @ 100 kVp 2.8 5 2.8 10

Radiographic modekV range 40-110, 1 kVp steps 40-120 40-110 40-120mA range 25-65 23-90 25-65 25-100mAs range 1-250 1-250 1-250 1-400AEC No Not specified Not specified Solid-stateExposure time, sec 0.015-5 0.011-5 0.015-5 0.1-5

Fluoroscopic modekV range 40-110, 1 kVp steps 40-120 40-110 50-110mA range 0.2-4 0.2-12 0.2-6.5 0.5-5Pulsed fluoroscopy Yes Yes Yes Yes

Pulses per sec 0.2-2 0.08-2 0.08-2 2-30, optional 60

ABS control kV, mA kVp, mA kVp, mA kVp and mA

Snapshot mode Yes Yes Yes Optional

IMAGE INTENSIFIERDiameter, cm (in) 23/15/11 (9/6/4.5), 23/16/11 (9/6/4-5), 23/16/12 (9/6/5), 25/15/11 (9/6/4)

17/13 (7/5), 17/12 (7/5) 17/12 (7/5),15 (6) 15 (6)

TV MONITORSIZE, cm (in) 43.2 (17), single 43.2 (17), 1 or 2 43.2 (17), 1 or 2 43.2 (17), dual

or dual monitors monitors monitors monitors

CASSETTE HOLDERSIZES 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm 24 x 30 cm

10 x 24 in), or (9.5 x 11.8 in),18 x 24 cm 35 x 35 cm(7 x 10 in) (13.8 x 13.8 in)

Colons separate data on similar models of a device. This is the first of* Also 65 mA @ 40 kVp. three pages covering








Video storage type Digital memory Digital memory Digital memory Digital memory, harddisk, VCR

Capacity, numberof images Digital imaging Up to 48 RAM, Up to 48 RAM, 80,000

processor 100 Hz/48 up to 10,000 hard up to 10,000 hardframes on RAM and disk disk20,000 frameson hard disk

Image matrix size 576 x 576 x 8 576 x 576 x 10 576 x 576 x 10 512 x 512, optional1024 x 1024


DICOM CONFORMANCE Optional (with DIP Optional Optional Yesmemory)

HARD-COPY DEVICES Optional video/film/ Optional thermal Optional thermal Optional multiformatthermal/laser printer printer camera, videoprinter, hard disk, printer, thermalCD-ROM printer

C-ARMFree space, cm (in) 79 (31.1) 74 (29.1), 9" I.I.; 74 (29.1), 9" I.I.; 78 (30.7)

82 (32.3), 7" I.I. 82 (32.3), 7/6" I.I.Depth, cm (in) 70 (27.6) 67 (26.4), 9" I.I.; 67 (26.4), 9" I.I.; 50 (20.7)

69 (27.2), 7" I.I. 69 (27.2), 7/6" I.I.Orbital

rotation, ° 120 120 (+90/-30) 120 (+90/-30) 125



Panningmotion, ° ±12.5 ±12.5 ±12.5 ±15

Pivotrotation, ° ±270 ±270 ±270 360


POWER REQUIREMENTS 105/240 VAC, 115/230 VAC 115/230 VAC 220 VAC,50/60 Hz, 24/10 A 50/60 Hz

H x W x D of C-armframe, cm (in) 190.8 x 79.8 x 187.6 185 x 80 x 190 185 x 80 x 190 177 x 79 x 205

(75.1 x 31.4 x 73.9) (72.8 x 31.5 x 79.8) (72.8 x 31.5 x 79.8) (69.7 x 31.1 x 80.7)







WEIGHT, kg (lb) 293 (646.1) 285 (628.3) 280 (617.3) 390 (860)



Warranty Not specified Not specified Not specified 1 year

Delivery time, ARO 4 weeks Not specified Not specified 4 weeks


Training (includedin purchase) None Not specified Not specified 2 days on-site

Year first sold 2003 Not specified Not specified 1997Number installed

USA NA Not specified Not specified Not specifiedWorldwide Not specified Not specified Not specified Not specified

Fiscal year January to December Not specified Not specified January to December

OPTIONAL FEATURES Laser targeting None specified None specified Healthcare depart-device, thermal ment certified;printer, dosimeter quality system ISOw/printer, flicker- 9001 certified.free TV chain, Meets requirementsdigital image pro- of IEC 60.601-1.cessor, DICOM inter-facing, CD-ROM (withDICOM), videorecorder

OTHER SPECIFICATIONS None specified. None specified. None specified. Meets requirementsof IEC 60601-1.




R-F, Mobile

Documents

cassette holder

colons separate

automode adr

flickerfree

image matrix

focal spot

laser alignment

free portrait