r 2008 Biotechnology Syllabus

ANNA UNIVERSITY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI Tiruchirappalli – 620 024

Regulations 2008

Curriculum

B.TECH. BIOTECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER III

S.No. Subject Code Subject L T P C Theory

1 MA1201 Transforms and Partial Differential Equations 3 1 0 4 2 CH1203 Principles of Chemical Engineering 3 0 0 3 3 HS1201 Environmental Science and Engineering 3 0 0 3 4 BT1201 Cell Biology 3 0 0 3 5 BT1202 Bioorganic Chemistry 3 0 0 3 6 BT1203 Biochemistry I 3 0 0 3

Practical 7 BT1204 Cell Biology Laboratory 0 0 4 2 8 BT1205 Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory 0 0 4 2 9 BT1206 Biochemistry Laboratory 0 0 4 2

Total 25

SEMESTER IV


1 MA1256 Probability and Statistics 3 1 0 4 2 BT1251 Basic Industrial Biotechnology 3 0 0 3 3 BT1252 Unit Operations 3 0 0 3

4 BT1253 Chemical Thermodynamics and Biothermodynamics 3 0 0 3

5 BT1254 Instrumental Methods of Analysis 3 0 0 3 6 BT1255 Microbiology 3 0 0 3

Practical 7 BT1256 Chemical Engineering Laboratory 0 0 4 2 8 BT1257 Instrumental Methods of Analysis Laboratory 0 0 4 2 9 BT1258 Microbiology Laboratory 0 0 4 2

Total 25

SEMESTER V


1 BT1301 Mass Transfer Operations for Bioprocesses 3 1 0 4 2 BT1302 Bioprocess Principles 3 1 0 4 3 BT1303 Food Technology 3 0 0 3 4 BT1304 Enzyme Engineering and Technology 3 1 0 4 5 BT1305 Biochemistry II 3 0 0 3 6 BT1306 Molecular Biology 3 0 0 3

Practical 7 BT1307 Mass Transfer Operations Laboratory 0 0 4 2 8 BT1308 Bioprocess Laboratory I 0 0 4 2 9 BT1309 Molecular Biology Laboratory 0 0 4 2

Total 27

SEMESTER VI


1 GE1352 Process Economics and Industrial Management 3 0 0 3 2 BT1351 Genetic Engineering 3 0 0 3 3 BT1352 Bioprocess and Bioreactor Engineering 3 1 0 4 4 BT1353 Protein Structure, Function and Engineering 3 1 0 4 5 E1**** Elective I 3 0 0 3 6 E2**** Elective II 3 0 0 3

Practical 7 BT1354 Genetic Engineering Laboratory 0 0 4 2 8 BT1355 Bioprocess Laboratory II 0 0 4 2 9 HS1301 Communication and Soft Skills Laboratory 0 0 3 1

Total 25

SEMESTER VII


1 BT1401 Bioethics and Biosafety 3 0 0 3 2 BT1402 Downstream Processing 3 1 0 4 3 BT1403 Computational Biology 3 1 0 4 4 BT1404 Immunology 3 0 0 3 5 E3**** Elective III 3 0 0 3 6 E4**** Elective IV 3 0 0 3

Practical 7 BT1405 Downstream Processing Laboratory 0 0 4 2 8 BT1406 Computational Biology Laboratory 0 0 4 2 9 BT1407 Immunology Laboratory 0 0 4 2

Total 26

SEMESTER VIII


1 MG1301 Total Quality Management 3 0 0 3 2 BT1451 Molecular Therapeutics 4 0 0 4

Practical 3 BT1455 Project Work 0 0 12 6

Total 13

LIST OF ELECTIVES

S.No. Subject Code Subject L T P C Elective I

1 BT1001 Nanobiotechnology 3 0 0 3 2 BT1002 Bioconjugate Technology 3 0 0 3 3 BT1003 Process Equipment and Plant Design 3 0 0 3 4 BT1004 Spectroscopy for Biotechnology 3 0 0 3

Elective II 1 BT1005 Biopharmaceuticals 3 0 0 3 2 BT1006 Developmental Biology 3 0 0 3 3 BT1007 Metabolic Engineering 3 0 0 3 4 BT1008 Molecular Pathogenesis 3 0 0 3

Elective III 1 BT1009 Environmental Biotechnology 3 0 0 3 2 BT1010 Plant and Animal Biotechnology 3 0 0 3 3 BT1011 Genomics and Proteomics 3 0 0 3 4 BT1012 Molecular Modeling and Drug Design 3 0 0 3

Elective IV 1 BT1013 Cancer Biology 3 0 0 3 2 BT1014 Cryopreservation in Biotechnology 3 0 0 3 3 BT1015 Biosensors and Transducers 3 0 0 3 4 BT1016 Technology Management 3 0 0 3

ANNA UNIVERSITY TIRUCHIRAPPALLI Tiruchirappalli – 620 024

Regulations 2008

Syllabus

B.TECH. BIOTECHNOLOGY

SEMESTER III

MA1201 – TRANSFORMS AND PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS L T P C3 1 0 4

UNIT I FOURIER SERIES 9 Dirichlet’s conditions – General Fourier series – Odd and even functions – Half range sine series – Half range cosine series – Complex form of Fourier series – Parseval’s identity – Harmonic analysis. UNIT II FOURIER TRANSFORMS 9 Fourier integral theorem (without proof) – Fourier transform pair – Sine and Cosine transforms – Properties – Transforms of simple functions – Convolution theorem – Parseval’s identity. UNIT III PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9 Formation of partial differential equations – Lagrange’s linear equation – Solutions of standard types of first order partial differential equations – Linear partial differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients. UNIT IV APPLICATIONS OF PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS 9 Solutions of one-dimensional wave equation – One-dimensional equation of heat conduction – Steady state solution of two-dimensional equation of heat conduction (Insulated edges excluded) – Fourier series solutions in cartesian coordinates. UNIT V Z -TRANSFORMS AND DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS 9 Z-Transforms – Elementary properties – Inverse Z-Transforms – Convolution theorem – Formation of difference equations – Solution of difference equations using Z-Transform.

L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60

TEXT BOOK 1. Grewal B.S, “Higher Engineering Mathematic”, 14th Edition, Khanna Publishers, 2007. REFERENCES 1. Bali N.P and Goyal M., “A Textbook of Engineering Mathematic”, 7th Edition, Laxmi

Publications (P) Ltd., 2007. 2. Ramana B.V., “Higher Engineering Mathematics”, Tata Mc-GrawHill Publishing

Company Ltd., 2007. 3. Glyn J., “Advanced Modern Engineering Mathematics”, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education,

2007. 4. Kreyszig E., “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 8th Edition, Wiley India, 2007.

CH1203 – PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I OVERVIEW OF PROCESS INDUSTRY 9 Mass and energy conservation – Process automation – Environment – SI units – Conservation factors – Applied mathematics for experimental curve fitting – Numerical differentiation – Integration. UNIT II MATERIAL BALANCES 9 Overall and component balances – Material balances without and with chemical reactions – Degrees of freedom – Steady and unsteady state – Unit operations – Recycle and by pass – Humidity calculations. UNIT III FIRST AND SECOND LAWS OF THERMODYNAMICS 9 Energy balances – Sensible heat – Latent heat – Vapour pressure – Steady and unsteady state calculations. UNIT IV FLUID MECHANICS 9 Fluids – Fluid statics and applications in chemical engineering – Fluid flow – Laminar – Turbulent – Pressure drops – Compressible fluid flow concepts – Multiphase flow concepts. UNIT V FLOW THROUGH PACKED COLUMNS 9 Fluidization – Centrifugal and piston pumps – Characteristics – Compressors – Work.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Bhatt, B.I. and Vora S.M., “Stoichiometry”, 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004. 2. McCabe W.L., Smith J.C. and Harriot P., “Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering”,

7th Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005. REFERENCES 1. Geankoplis C.J., “Transport Processes and Unit Operations”, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall,

2007. 2. Coulson J.M. and Richardson J. F., “Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering”,

Vol-I, 3rd Edition, Butterworth – Heinemann Publishers, 2004. 3. Venkataramani, V. and Anantharaman, N., “Process Calculations”, Prentice Hall, 2004.

HS1201 – ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND NATURAL

RESOURCES 9 Definition, scope and importance – Need for public awareness – Forest resources – Use and over – Exploitation – Deforestation – Case studies – Timber extraction – Mining – Dams and their ground water – Floods – Drought – Conflicts over water – Dams – Benefits and problems – Mineral resources – Use effects on forests and tribal people – Water resources – Use and over-utilization of surface and exploitation – Environmental effects of extracting and using mineral resources – Case studies – Food resources – World food problems – Changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing – Effects of modern agriculture – Fertilizer – Pesticide problems – Water logging, salinity – Case studies – Energy resources – Growing energy needs – Renewable and non renewable energy sources – Use of alternate energy sources – Case studies – Land resources – Land as a resource – Land degradation – Man induced landslides – Soil erosion and desertification – Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources – Equitable use of resources for sustainable lifestyles UNIT II ECOSYSTEMS AND BIODIVERSITY 9 Concepts of an ecosystem – Structure and function of an ecosystem – Producers, consumers and decomposers – Energy flow in the ecosystem – Ecological succession – Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids – Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the (A) Forest ecosystem (B) Grassland ecosystem (C) Desert ecosystem (D) Aquatic ecosystems (Ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries) – Introduction to biodiversity – Definition genetic, species and ecosystem diversity – Biogeographical classification of India – Value of biodiversity – Consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option values – Biodiversity at global, national and local levels – India as a mega-diversity nation – Hot-spots of biodiversity – Threats to biodiversity: Habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts – Endangered and endemic species of India – Conservation of biodiversity: In-situ and ex-situ conservation of biodiversity. UNIT III ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION 9 Definition – Causes, effects and control measures of:- (A) Air pollution (B) Water pollution (C) Soil pollution (D) Marine pollution (E) Noise pollution (F) Thermal pollution (G) Nuclear hazards – Solid waste management:- Causes, effects and control measures of urban and industrial wastes – Role of an individual in prevention of pollution – Pollution case studies – disaster management:- Floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides. UNIT IV SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT 9 From unsustainable to sustainable development – Urban problems related to energy – Water conservation, Rain water harvesting, Watershed management – Resettlement and rehabilitation of people, Its problems and concerns, case studies – Environmental ethics:- Issues and possible solutions – Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust, case studies – Wasteland reclamation – Consumerism and waste products – Environment production act – Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) act – Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) act – Wildlife protection act – Forest conservation act – Issues involved in enforcement of environmental legislation – Public awareness.

UNIT V HUMAN POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT 9 Population growth, variation among nations – Population explosion – Family welfare programme – Environment and human health – Human rights – Value education – HIV /AIDS – Women and child welfare – Role of information technology in environment and human health – Case studies. Field study of local area to document environmental assets – River/forest/grassland/hill/ mountain. Field study of common plants, insects and birds - Field study of simple ecosystems – Pond, river, hill slopes, etc. Field study of local polluted site – Urban/rural/industrial/agricultural.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Masters, M., “Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science”, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd., 2004. 2. Trivedi, R.K. and Goe, P.K., “Introduction to Air Pollution”, Techno-Science Publications, 2003. REFERENCES 1. Bharucha Erach, “The Biodiversity of India”, Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd, 2006 2. Cunningham, Cooper, W.P. and Gorhani. T.H., “Environmental Encyclopedia”, Jaico Publications, 2001. 3. Wager, K.D., “Environmental Management”, W.B. Saunders Co., 1998.

BT1201 – CELL BIOLOGY

L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF THE ORGANELLES 9 Eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells – Principles of membrane organization – Membrane proteins – Cytoskeletal proteins – Types of cell division – Mitosis and meiosis – Extra cellular matrix – Cell cycle and molecules that control cell cycle. UNIT II TRANSPORT ACROSS CELL MEMBRANES 9 Passive and active transport – Permeases – Sodium potassium pump – Ca2+ ATPase pumps – Lysosomal and vacuolar membrane – ATP dependent proton pumps – Co-transport symport – Antiport – Transport into prokaryotic cells – Endocytosis and exocytosis – Entry of viruses and toxins into cells. UNIT III RECEPTORS AND MODELS OF EXTRA CELLULAR SIGNALLING 9 Cytosolic – Nuclear and membrane bound receptors – Examples of receptors – Autocrine, paracrine and endocrine models of action – Quantitation and characterisation of receptors. UNITIV SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 9 Signal amplification – Different models of signal amplifications – Cyclic AMP – Role of inositol phosphates as messengers – Biosynthesis of inositol tri phosphates – Cyclic GMP and G proteins – Role in signal transduction – Calcium ion flux and its role in cell signaling – Current models of signal amplification – Phosphorylation of protein kinases – Regulation of protein kinases – Serine-threonine kinases, Tumor necrosis factor receptor families. UNIT V CELL CULTURE 9 Techniques for the propagation of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells – Cell line – Generation of cell lines – Maintenance of stock cells – Characterization of cells – Immunochemistry – Morphological analysis techniques in cell culture – Ex-plant cultures primary cultures – Contamination – Differentiation – Three dimensional cultures – Role of matrix in cell growth.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Darnell J., Lodish H., Baltimore D., “Molecular Cell Biology”, W.H. Freeman, 2003. 2. Kimball J.W., “Cell Biology”, 2nd Edition, Wesley Publishers, 1978. REFERENCES 1. Robertis De E.D.P. and Robertis De E.M.F., “Cell and Molecular Biology”, 8th Edition,

B.I. Publications Pvt. Ltd., 2005. 2. Bruce A., Dennis B., Karen H., Alexander J., Julian L., Keith R. and Peter W.,

“Essential Cell Biology”, 2nd Edition, Garland Science, 2004. 3. Watson J.D., “Molecular Biology of the Cell”, 2nd Edition, Garland Publication, 1989.

BT1202 – BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ENZYMES 9 Classification of enzymes – Mechanisms of enzyme action – Concept of active site and energetics of enzyme substrate complex formation – Specificity of enzyme action –Stereochemistry – R,S notation – Re-si faces – E,Z isomerism – Conformers – Ethane – Cyclohexane – Reactivates – Mechanisms of SN1, SN2 reactions, E1, E2 reactions – Ester formation and hydrolysis, reaction rates – Hammond's postulate – h/d effects – Catalysis – General acid – Base and covalent catalysis. UNIT II KINETICS OF ENZYME ACTION 9 Allosteric regulation of enzymes – Monod-wyman-changeux model – pH and temperature effect on enzymes and deactivation kinetics – Stereospecific enzymatic reactions – Stereochemistry of nucleophilic reactions – Chiral methyl group – Chiral phosphate. UNIT III ENZYME IMMOBILIZATION AND CASE STUDIES OF ENZYME

STRUCTURE AND MECHANISM 9 Physical and chemical techniques for enzyme immobilization – Adsorption, matrix entrapment, encapsulation, cross-linking, covalent binding etc., examples, advantages and disadvantages – Case studies include dehydrogenases, proteases – Lysozyme – Stability of proteins. UNIT IV KINETICS OF PROTEIN FOLDING 9 Kinetics of single substrate reactions – Estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters, multi substrate reactions – Mechanisms and kinetics – Turnover number – Types of inhibition and models – Substrate, product – Folding of peptides. UNIT V FOLDING PATHWAYS AND ENERGY LANDSCAPES 9 Folding of CI2 – Nucleation condensation mechanism – Folding of barnase – Time resolution – Insights from theory – Optimization of folding rates – Molecular chaperones – Production and purification of crude enzyme extracts from plant, animal and microbial sources – Methods of characterization of enzymes – Development of enzymatic assays.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Fersht A.R., “Structure and Mechanism in Protein Science: A Guide to Enzyme Catalysis and Protein Folding”, W.H. Freeman, 1999. 2. Blanch H.W. and Clark D.S., “Biochemical Engineering”, CRC Press, 1997. REFERENCES 1. Dugas H., “Bioorganic Chemistry”, Springer Verlag, 1999. 2. Lee J.M., “Biochemical Engineering”, Prentice Hall, 1991. 3. Bailey J.E. and Ollis D.F., “Biochemical Engineering Fundamentals”, 2nd Edition,

McGraw-Hill., 1986. 4. Wiseman A, “Enzyme Biotechnology”, 2nd Edition, Ellis Horwood Publication, 1985.

BT1203 – BIOCHEMISTRY I L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO BIOMOLECULES 9 Basic principles of organic chemistry, types of functional groups – Biomolecules, chemical nature, water, pH and biological buffers. UNIT II STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF IMPORTANT BIOMOLECULES 9 Carbohydrates (mono, di, oligo and polysaccharides) Proteoglycans – Glucosaminoglycans – Mutarotation – Glycosidic bond – Reactions of monosaccharides – Reducing sugars. Lipids: Fatty acids – Glycerol – Saponification – Iodination – Hydrogenation – Phospholipids – Glycolipids – Sphingolipids – Cholesterol – Steroids – Prostaglandins. Proteins: Amino acids – Peptides – Proteins – Measurement, structures, hierarchy of organization – Primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures – Glycoproteins – Lipoproteins – Determine of primary structure. Nucleic acids: Purines – Pyrimidines – Nucleoside – Nucleotide – RNA – DNA – Reactions, properties and measurement of nucleic acids – Nucleoprotein complexes. UNIT III METABOLISM CONCEPTS 9 Functions of proteins – Enzymes – Introduction to biocatalysts – Metabolic pathways, primary and secondary metabolites. UNIT IV INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM AND REGULATION 9 Glycolysis – TCA cycle – Gluconeogenesis – Pentose phosphate shunt – Glyoxalate shunt – Fatty acid synthesis and oxidation – Reactions of amino acids – Deamination – Transamination and decarboxylation – Urea cycle – Interconnection of pathways and metabolic regulation – Case study on overproduction of glutamic acid, threonine, lysine, methionine, isoleucine and ethanol. UNIT V BIOENERGETICS 9 High energy compounds – Electronegative potential of compounds – Respiratory chain – ATP cycle and calculation of ATP yield during oxidation of glucose and fatty acids.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Nelson D.L. and Cox M.M., “Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemsitry”, 4th Edition,

W.H. Freemen and Co., 2005. 2. Stryer L., “Biochemsitry”, 4th Edition, W.H. Freeman and Co., 2000.

REFERENCES 1. Horton R., Moran L.A., Serimgeour G., Perry M. and Rawn J.D., “ Principles of Biochemistry”, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2005. 2. Voet D. and Voet, J.G., “Biochemistry”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2004. 3. Murray R.K., “Harper’s Biochemistry”, 23rd Edition, Prentice Hall International, 1993.

BT1204 – CELL BIOLOGY LABORATORY L T P C0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Introduction to principles of sterile techniques and cell propagation 2. Principles of microscopy, phase contrast and fluorescent microscopy 3. Identification of given plant, animal and bacterial cells and their components by

microscopy 4. Gram’s staining 5. Leishman staining 6. Thin layer chromatography 7. Giemsa staining 8. Separation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from blood 9. Osmosis and tonicity 10. Tryphan blue assay 11. Staining for different stages of mitosis in Allium Cepa (Onion)

Total: 60

REFERENCE 1. Laboratory Investigations in Cell and Molecular Biology, Allen Bregman Wiley, 2001.

EQUIPMENTS / APPARATUS

Microbiological Hood for sterilization with UV lighting (One). Bunsen Burners – 10 Nos. Orbital Shaker and Incubator – 2 Nos. Refrigerator – 1 No. Microscope – 2 Nos. Reagents and consumables – Required amount.

BT1205 – BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY LABORATORY

L T P C0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Synthesis of aspirin 2. Hydrolysis of sucrose 3. Preparation of pyruvic acid 4. Preparation of oleic acid 5. Preparation of α-D- glucopyranose pentaacetate 6. Preparation of 1,2,5,6 dicyclohexylnoine α-D-glucofuranose 7. Isolation of lycopene from tomato paste 8. Preparation of L-proline 9. Preparation of L-cysteine from hair 10. Preparation of S-ethyl hydroxybutonate from ethyl acetoacetate using yeast 11. Resolution of S-ethyl hydroxybutonate using 3,5 dinitrobenzoate. 12. Preparation of 5, 10, 15, 20-tetrakisphenyl porphyrin.

Total: 60

REFERENCE 1. Fummis B.S., Hannaford A.J., Smith P.W.G., “Text Book of Practical Organic

Chemistry”, Longman Edition, 1995.

EQUIPMENTS / APPARATUS REQUIREMENTS Heating Mantles (Nos. 5) / Water baths (Nos. 5) / Bunsen Burners (Nos. 15) Round bottom flasks of various volumes (100ml, 500 ml, 250 ml – Nos.5) condensers (Nos. 5), Distillation units (Nos. 2). Reagents and consumables.

BT1206 – BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY

L T P C0 0 4 2

1. Demonstration of use of volume and weight measurements devices. 2. Titration of weak acid-weak base. 3. Quantitative test for carbohydrates 4. Distinguish reducing and non-reducing sugars. 5. Using ninhydrin for distinguishing imino and amino acids 6. Protein estimation by Biuret and Lowry’s methods. 7. Protein estimation by Bradford’s colorometric methods. 8. Extraction of lipids and analysis by TLC. 9. Estimation of nucleus ends by absorbance at 260 nm and hyperchromicity. 10. Enzymatic assay of phosphates. 11. Hydrolysis of starch by an enzyme

Total: 60 REFERENCES 1. Wilson and Walker “Principles and Techniques of Practical Biochemistry” 4th

Education, Cambridge Knew pros 1997. 2. Plummer DT “An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry” 3rd Education, Tata

McGrawhill.

LIST OF EQUIPMENTS

Heating Mantles (5) / Water Baths (5) / Bunsen Buners (10) TLC Plates – Required Numbers Colorimeter – 2 Nos. Consumables and Reagents.

SEMESTER IV

MA1256 – PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS L T P C3 1 0 4

UNIT I RANDOM VARIABLES 9 Discrete and continuous random variables – Properties – Moments – Moment generating functions and their properties – Binomial distribution – Poisson distribution – Geometric distribution – Negative binomial distribution – Uniform distribution – Exponential distribution – Gamma distribution – Weibull distribution. UNIT II TWO DIMENSIONAL RANDOM VARIABLES 9 Joint distributions – Marginal and conditional distributions – Covariance – Correlation and Regression – Function of a random variable – Transformation of random variables – Central limit theorem. UNIT III TESTING OF HYPOTHESIS 9 Sampling distributions – Testing of hypothesis for mean – Variance – Proportions and differences using normal distribution – T-distribution – Chi-square distribution – F-distribution – Tests for independence of attributes – Goodness of fit. UNIT IV DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS 9 Analysis of variance – One-way classification – CRD – Two-way classification – RBD – Latin square. UNITV RELIABILTY AND QUALITY CONTROL 9 Concepts of reliability – Hazard functions – Reliability of series and parallel systems – Control charts for measurements (X and R charts) – Control charts for attributes (p, c and np charts).

L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60

TEXT BOOKS 1. Milton, J.S. and Arnold, J.C., “Introduction to Probability and Statistics”, Tata McGraw

Hill, 4th Edition, 2007. 2. Johnson, R.A. and Gupta, C.B., “Miller and Freund’s Probability and Statistics for

Engineers”, 7th Edition, Pearson Education, Asia, 2007. REFERENCES 1. Walpole, R.E., Myers, R.H., Myers, R.S.L. and Ye. K, “Probability and Statistics for

Engineers and Scientists”, 7th Edition, Pearsons Education, 2002 2. Navidi, W., “Statistics for Engineers and Scientists”, Special Indian Edition, Tata

McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2008. 3. Spiegel, M.R., Schiller, J. and Alu Srinivasan, R., “Schaum’s Outlines Probability and Statistics”, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., 2007.

BT1251 – BASIC INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO INDUSTRIAL BIOPROCESS 9 A historical overview of industrial fermentation process – Traditional and modern biotechnology – A brief survey of organisms, processes, products relating to modern biotechnology – Process flow sheeting – Block diagrams, pictorial representation. UNIT II PRODUCTION OF PRIMARY METABOLITES 9 A brief outline of processes for the production of some commercially important organic acids (citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid) – Amino acids (glutamic acid, phenyalanine, aspartic acid) and alcohols (ethanol, butanol). UNIT III PRODUCTION OF SECONDARY METABOLITES 9 Study of production processes for various classes of secondary metabolites – Antibiotics: beta-lactams (penicillin, cephalosporin) – Aminoglycosides (streptomycin) macrolides (erythromycin), vitamins and steroids. UNIT IV PRODUCTION OF ENZYMES AND OTHER BIOPRODUCTS 9 Production of industrial enzymes such as proteases, amylases, lipases, cellulases – Production of biopesticides, biofertilisers, biopreservatives (Nisin), cheese, biopolymers (xanthan gum, PHB), single cell protein. UNIT V PRODUCTION MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY PRODUCTS 9 Production of recombinant proteins having therapeutic and diagnostic applications – Production of vaccines – Production of monoclonal antibodies – Products of plant and animal cell culture.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Casida Jr, L.E., “Industrial Microbiology”, Wiley, 1968. 2. Presscott S.C. and Dunn C.G., “Industrial Microbiology”, 4th Edition, AVI Publications,

1982. REFERENCES 1. Cruger W., Crueger A. and Brock T. D., “Biotechnology: A Textbook of Industrial

Microbiology”, 2nd Edition, Sinauer Associates, 1990. 2. Moo-Young M., “Comprehensive Biotechnology: The Principles, Applications, and

Regulations of Biotechnology in Industry, Agriculture, and Medicine”, Pergamon, 1985.

BT1252 – UNIT OPERATIONS L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I MIXING AND AGITATION 9 Dimensional analysis – Power for agitation – Agitation of liquids – Gas-liquid systems – Gas-solid suspensions – Agitator scale up. UNIT II FILTRATION 9 Constant pressure – Constant volume batch filtration – Continuous filtration – Industrial filters –Settling and sedimentation – Centrifugation. UNIT III MECHANISM OF HEAT TRANSFER 9 Steady state conduction – Combined resistances – Unsteady state conduction – Lumped heat capacity – Extended surfaces – Combined conduction and convection. UNIT IV CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER 9 Dimensional analysis – Forced and natural convection – Convection in flow over surfaces through pipes boiling and condensation. UNIT V HEAT EXCHANGERS 9 Equipments – Overall heat transfer coefficients – Design of heat exchangers – NTU concept – Evaporators – Single and multiple effects – Mass and enthalpy balances.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Geankoplis, C. J., “Transport Processes and Unit Operations”, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall,

2007. 2. McCabe, W.L., Smith, J.C. and Harriott, P., “Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering”,

7th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Professional, 2005. REFERENCES 1. Incropera, F.P., “Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer”, John Wiley, 1998. 2. Coulson, M. and Richardson J.F., “Coulson and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering",

Vol 2, 4th Edition, Butterworth Heineman, 2004. 3. Kern, D.Q., “Process Heat Transfer” Tata McGraw-Hill, 2005.

BT1253 – CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND BIOTHERMODYNAMICS L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS 9 Volumetric properties of fluids exhibiting non ideal behavior – Residual properties – Estimation of thermodynamic properties using equations of state – Calculations involving actual property exchanges – Maxwell’s relations and applications. UNIT II SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS 9 Partial molar properties – Concepts of chemical potential and fugacity – Ideal and non-ideal solutions – Concepts and applications of excess properties of mixtures – Activity coefficient – Composition models – Gibbs Duhem equation. UNIT III PHASE EQUILIBRIA 9 Criteria for phase equilibria – VLE calculations for binary and multi component systems – Liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) and solid-solid equilibria (SLE). UNIT IV CHEMICAL REACTION EQUILIBRIA 9 Equilibrium criteria for homogeneous chemical reactions – Evaluation of equilibrium constant – Effect of temperature and pressure on equilibrium constant – Calculation of equilibrium conversion and yields for single and multiple reactions. UNIT V THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF PROCESSES 9 Concept of lost work – Entropy generation – Calculation of real irreversible processes – Power cycle – Liquefaction.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Smith, J.M., Van Ness H.C. and Abbott M., “Introduction to Chemical Engineering

Thermodynamics”, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw- Hill, 2001. 2. Narayanan, K.V., “A Text Book of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics”, Prentice

Hall India, 2001. REFERENCES 1. Sandler, S.I., “Chemical, Biochemical and Engineering Thermodynamics”, 4th

Edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2006. 2. Haynie, D.T., “Biological Thermodynamics”, 2nd Edition, Cambridge University Press,

2008. 3. Nicholls, D.G. and Ferquson, S.J., “Bioenergetics 3”, 2nd Edition, Elsevier Science Ltd., 2002.

BT1254 – INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS

L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I BASICS OF MEASUREMENT 9 Classification of methods – Calibration of instrumental methods – Electrical components and circuits – Signal to noise ratio – Signal-noise enhancement. UNIT II OPTICAL METHODS 9 General design – Sources of radiation – Wavelength selectors – Sample containers – Radiation transducers – Types of optical instruments – Fourier transform measurements. UNIT III MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 9 Measurement of transmittance and absorbance – Beer's law – Spectrophotometer analysis – Qualitative and quantitative absorption measurements – Types of spectrometers – UV-visible – IR – Raman spectroscopy – Instrumentation theory. UNIT IV THERMAL METHODS 9 Thermogravimetric methods – Differential thermal analysis – Differential scanning calorimetry. UNIT V SEPARATION METHODS 9 Introduction to chromatography – Models – Ideal separation – Retention parameters – Van-Deemter equation – Gas chromatography – Stationary phases – Detectors – Kovats indices – HPLC – Pumps – Columns – Detectors – Ion exchange chromatography – Size exclusion chromatography – Supercritical chromatography – Capillary electrophoresis.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Willard, H.H., Merrit, L.L., Dean, J.A and Settle, F.A., “Instrumental Methods of

Analysis”, 7th Edition, CBS Publishers, 1996. 2. Skoog, D.A., Holler, F.J. and Crouch, S.R., “Principles of Instrumental Analysis”, 6th

Edition, Thomson Brooks, 2006. REFERENCES 1. Sharma B.K., “Instrumental Methods Of Chemical Analysis”, Krishna Prakashan Media (p) Ltd., 2007. 2. Gremlich, H. and Yan, B., “Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Materials”,

CRC Press, 2000. 3. Wetzel, D.L.B. and Charalambous, G., “Instrumental Methods in Food and Beverage Analysis”, Vol. 39, Elsevier, 1998.

BT1255 – MICROBIOLOGY

L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9 Basic of microbial existence – History of microbiology – Classification and nomenclature of microorganism, microscopic examination of microorganisms, light and electron microscopy; principles of different staining techniques like gram staining, acid fast, capsular staining, flagellar staining. UNIT II MICROBES-STRUCTURE AND MULTIPLICATION 9 Structural organization and multiplication of bacteria, viruses, algae and fungi – Life history of actinomycetes, yeast, mycoplasma and bacteriophage. UNIT III MICROBIAL NUTRITION, GROWTH AND METABOLISM 9 Nutritional requirements of bacteria and different media used for bacterial culture – Growth curve and different methods to quantifying bacterial growth – Aerobic and anaerobic bioenergetics – Utilization of energy for biosynthesis of important molecules. UNIT IV CONTROL OF MICROORGANISMS 9 Physical and chemical control of microorganisms – Host-microbe interactions – Anti-bacterial, anti-fungal and anti-viral agents, mode of action and resistance to antibiotics – Clinically important microorganisms. UNIT V INDUSTRIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 9 Primary and Secondary metabolites and their applications – Preservation of food – Production of penicillin, alcohol, vit.b-12 – Biogas – Bioremediation – Leaching of ores by microorganisms – Bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides – Microorganisms and pollution control – Biosensors.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Talaron, K.P., “Foundations in Microbiology”, 6th Edition, Rex Bookstore, 2007. 2. Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S. and Krein, N.R., “Microbiology”, Tata McGraw-Hill,1993. 3. Prescott, L.M., Harley J.P.and Klein, D.A., “Microbiology”, 3rd Edition, Wm. C. Brown

Publishers, 1996. REFERENCES 1. Garrity, G., Brenner D.J., Krieg, N.R., Staley, J.T., Boone, D.R., Vos P.D., Godfellow

M., Rainey F.A. and Schleifer, K.H., “Bergey’s Manual of Systemic Bacteriology” Vol. II, Part C, 2nd Edition, Springer Science and Business Media Inc., 2005.

2. Ray, B., “Fundamental Food Microbiology”, 3rd Edition, CRC Press LLC, 2003. 3. Lim, D., “Microbiology”, 2nd Edition, WCB-Mc Graw Hill, 2001.

BT1256 – CHEMICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

L T P C0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Flow measurement 2. Pressure drop in pipes and packed columns 3. Fluidization 4. Filtration 5. Heat exchanger 6. Simple and steam distillation 7. Distillation in packed column 8. Liquid-liquid equilibria in extraction 9. Adsorption equilibrium

Total: 60

BT1257 – INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS LABORATORY

L T P C0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Precision and validity in an experiment using absorption spectroscopy and validating

Lambert-Beer's law using KMnO4 2. Finding the molar absorbtivity and stoichiometry of the Fe (1,10-phenanthroline)3 using

absorption spectrometry. 3. Finding the pKa of 4-nirophenol using absorption spectroscopy. 4. UV spectra of nucleic acids. 5. Estimation of sulphate by nephelometry. 6. Estimation of Al3+ by flourimetry. 7. Chromatography analysis using TLC and Column chromatography. 8. Limits of detection of colorimeter using aluminum-alizarin complex. 9. Job’s plot for funding stoichiometery of iron salicylate complex. 10. UV– spectra of proteins.

Total: 60

REFERENCE 1. Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis, AI Vogal, ELBS edition 1987.

LIST OF EQUIPMENTS

UV – VIS Spectrophotometer, Fluorimeter (optional). TLC chamber (common to biochemistry) Reagents and consumables Measuring cylinders, bathometric flasks of various volumes.

BT1258 – MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY

L T P C0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Laboratory safety and sterilization techniques 2. Microscopic methods in the identification of microorganisms 3. Preparation of culture media – nutrient broth and nutrient agar 4. Culturing of microorganisms in broth and in plates (pour plates, streak plates, isolation

and preservation of bacterial cultures) 5. Staining techniques – Gram's and differential 6. Quantification of microorganisms. 7. Effect of disinfectants on microbial flora 8. Isolation and identification of microorganisms from different sources – soil, water and

milk 9. Antibiotic sensitivity assay 10. Growth curve – Observation and growth characteristics of bacteria and yeast 11. Effect of different parameters on bacterial growth (pH, temperature & UV irradiation)

Total: 60

REFERENCE 1. Micro Biology: Laboratory Theory and applications, M.J. Heboffee aw BE Pierce

Morten Publishing House, 2006.

EQUIPMENTS / APPARATUS

Microbiological Hood for sterilization with UV lighting (One). Bunsen Burners – 15 Nos. Orbital Shaker and incubator – 2 Nos. Refrigerator – 1 No. Reagents and consumables – Required amount.

.

SEMESTER V

BT1301 – MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS FOR BIOPROCESSES L T P C 3 1 0 4

UNIT I DIFFUSION AND MASS TRANSFER 12 Molecular diffusion in fluids and solids – Interphase mass transfer – Mass transfer coefficients – Analogies in transport phenomena – Mass generation – Enzymatic reactions, plant root nutrient uptake and bacterial growth rate. UNIT II GAS LIQUID OPERATIONS 12 Principles of gas absorption – Single and multi component absorption – Absorption with chemical reaction – Design principles of absorbers – Industrial absorbers – HTU, NTU and HETP concepts – Oxygen uptake rate in cell cultures – Oxygen transfer in fermenters – Measurement methods for kLa in fermenters. UNIT III VAPOUR LIQUID OPERATIONS 12 Vapour liquid equilibrium – Methods of distillation - Simple, steam, flash distillation, azeotropic, extractive and molecular distillation – Continuous distillation – McCabe-Thiele method, principles – Industrial distillation equipments. UNIT IV EXTRACTION OPERATIONS 12 L-L equilibrium – Staged and continuous extraction – Solid-liquid equilibrium – Leaching principles. UNIT V SOLID FLUID OPERATIONS 12 Adsorption equilibrium – Batch and fixed bed adsorption – Drying-mechanism – Drying curves – Time of batch drying – Equipments for batch and continuous dryers.

L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60

TEXT BOOKS 1. Johnson, A.T., “Biological Process Engineering: An Analogical Approach to Fluid

Flow, Heat Transfer, and Mass Transfer Applied to Biological Systems”, Wiley-IEEE, 1998.

2. Treybal, R.E., “Mass Transfer Operations”, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 1981. REFERENCES 1. Doran, P.M., “Bioprocess Engineering Principles”, Academic Press, 2005. 2. Geankoplis, C.J., “Transport Processes and Unit Operations”, 3rd Edition, Prentice Hall,

2003. 3. Coulson and Richardson’s., “Chemical Engineering”, Vol. I and II, Asian Books Pvt.

Ltd., 1998.

BT1302 – BIOPROCESS PRINCIPLES L T P C3 1 0 4

UNIT I OVERVIEW OF FERMENTATION PROCESSES 12 Fermentation process – Medium requirements – Medium formulation of optimal growth and product formation – Simple and complex media – Design of various commercial media for industrial fermentations – Microbial growth – Applications of fermentation – Microbial biomass – Microbial metabolites – Microbial enzymes – Transformation process – Recombinant products – Main parameters in fermentation processes – Mode of operation of fermentation processes – Basic configuration of fermenter and axillaries. UNIT II KINETICS OF IMMOBILIZED ENZYMES AND STERILIZATION 12 Methods of immobilization – Kinetics of immobilized enzymes – Thermal death kinetics of microorganisms – Batch and continuous heat sterilization of liquid media – Filter sterilization of liquid media – Air sterilization and design of sterilization equipment. UNIT III METABOLIC STICHIOMETRY AND ENERGITICS 12 Stoichiometry of cell growth and product formation – Elemental balances – Degrees of reduction of substrate and biomass – Available electron balances – Yield coefficients of biomass and product formation – Maintenance coefficients energetic analysis of microbial growth and product formation – Oxygen consumption and heat evolution in aerobic cultures – Thermodynamic efficiency of growth. UNIT IV KINETICS OF MICROBIAL GROWTH AND PRODUCT FORMATION 12 Modes of operation – Batch, fed batch and continuous cultivation – Simple unstructured kinetic models for microbial growth – Monad model – Growth of filamentous organisms – Product formation kinetics – Leudeking-piret models, substrate and product inhibition on cell growth and product formation. UNIT V OPTIMIZATION METHODS 12 Overview of response surface methodology – Factorial design – Central composite design – Three level design – Plackett-Burman design and Taguchi design of experiments.

L: 45 T: 45 Total: 60 TEXT BOOKS 1. Blanch, H.W. and Clark, D.S., “Biochemical Engineering”, CRC Press, 1997. 2. Stanbury, P.F., Hall, S.J. and Whitaker, A., “Principles of Fermentation Technology”,

2nd Edition, Pergamon, 1995. REFERENCES 1. Jack P.C. Kleijnen, “Design and Analysis of Simulation Experiments”, Springer, 2008. 2. Anderson, M.J. and Whitcomb, P.J., “RSM Simplified: Optimizing Processes Using

Response Surface Methods for Design of Experiments”, Productivity Press, 2005. 3. Roy, R.K., “Design of Experiments Using the Taguchi Approach: 16 Steps to Product

and Process Improvement”, Wiley-IEEE, 2001. 4. Shuler, M.L. and Kargi, F., “Bioprocess Engineering: Basic Concepts”, 2nd Edition,

Prentice Hall, 2001.

BT1303 – FOOD TECHNOLOGY

L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I FOOD FERMENTATION 9 Technology of conventional and non-conventional fermentation based food products from cereals legumes, fruits, vegetables, milk, fish and meat – Secondary fermentation of waste generated in selected food fermentation – Pilot and large scale fermentation – Continuous and batch culture process monitoring and control. UNIT II FOOD SPOILAGE 9 Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of food that affect microbial growth – Microorganisms in food – Fresh meats and poultry – Processed meats and sea foods – Vegetable and Fruits products – Dairy and non dairy food products – Miscellaneous food products. UNIT III MINIMAL FOOD PROCESSING BY THERMAL METHODS 9 Conduction – Convection – Radiation – Aseptic and semi-aseptic processing – Sous-vide processing – Infrared heating – Microwave heating – Inductive electrical heating. UNIT IV MINIMAL FOOD PROCESSING BY NON-THERMAL METHODS 9 High pressure processing – Principles, effects, applications, modeling of HP processes and microbiological aspects – Pulsed electric field processing of solid foods, liquid foods and beverages –Enzyme inactivation and food safety by pulsed electric fields – Oscillating magnetic fields – Osmotic dehydration – High intensity pulsed light technology – Radio frequency electric fields – Ultrasound – Irradiation of foods. UNIT V FOOD PRESERVATION AND TRANSGENIC FOOD 9 Natural food preservatives – Food preservation with chemicals – Low temperature – High temperature – Drying – Modified atmospheric packaging – Hurdle concepts – Genetically modified food – Beverage and non-beverage food products – Food additives like colour, flavors and vitamins – GMP in food industry.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Jay, J.M., Loessner, M.J. and Golden, D.A., “Modern Food Microbiology”, 7th Edition,

Springer, 2005. 2. Bengtsson, N., “Minimal Processing Technologies in the Food Industry”, Woodhead

Publishing, 2002. REFERENCES 1. Sun, D., “Emerging Technologies for Food Processing”, Academic Press, 2005. 2. Barbosa-Cánovas, G.V., Tapia, M.S. and Cano, M.P., “Novel Food Processing

Technologies”, CRC Press, 2005. 3. Campbell, B., Clapton, B. and Tipton, C., “Food Technology”, Heinemann, 2002.

BT1304 – ENZYME ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY L T P C 3 1 0 4

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO ENZYMES 12 General properties of enzymes – Mechanisms of enzyme action – Concept of active site and energetic of enzyme substrate complex formation – Specificity of enzyme action – Principles of catalysis – Collision theory, transition state theory – Thermodynamics of enzyme catalyzed reactions. UNIT II ENZYME REACTIONS WITH SINGLE AND MULTIPLE SUBSTRATES 12 Kinetics of single-substrate enzyme reactions: Effects of substrate concentration on velocity – The rapid equilibrium model of enzyme kinetics – The steady state model of enzyme kinetics – The significance of kcat and Km – Experimental Measurement of kcat and Km – Linear Transformations of Enzyme kinetic data – Enzyme reactions with multiple substrates: Bi Bi reaction mechanisms – Distinguishing between random and compulsory ordered mechanisms by inhibition pattern – Isotope exchange studies for distinguishing reaction mechanisms. UNIT III ENZYME INHIBITION 12 Reversible inhibitors – Modes and equilibrium treatment – Graphic determination of inhibitor type – Dose-response curves of enzyme inhibition – Mutually exclusive binding of two inhibitors – Structure-activity relationships and inhibitor design Tight binding inhibitors – Inhibitor type – Determining Ki for tight binding inhibitors – Application over determination of active enzyme concentration Time-dependent inhibition – Progress curves for slow binding inhibitors – Distinguishing between slow binding schemes – Distinguishing between modes of inhibitor interaction with enzyme – Determining reversibility – Examples of slow binding enzyme inhibitors. UNIT IV PRODUCTION OF INDUSTRIAL ENZYMES 12 Alpha amylase – Glucoamylase - Glucose isomerase – Cellulase – Pectinase – Xylanase – Lipase – Protease – Peroxidases – Chitinase – Invertases – Mannanases. UNIT V APPLICATIONS OF ENZYMES 12 Applications of enzymes as bulk activities – Laundry detergents, textiles, pulp and paper industry – Applications of enzymes as catalysts – Processes towards basic chemicals, fine chemicals, crop protection and large scale pharma intermediates – Enzyme biosensors.

L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60 TEXT BOOKS 1. Pandey, A., Webb, C., Soccol, C. R. and Larroche, C., “Enzyme Technology”, Springer,

2006. 2. Copeland, R.A., “Enzymes – A Practical Introduction to Structure, Mechanism and Data

Analysis”, 2nd Edition, Wiley-VCH, 2000. REFERENCES 1. Buchholz, K., Kasche, V. and Bornscheuer, U.T., “Biocatalysts and Enzyme

Technology”, Wiley-VCH, 2005. 2. Bommarius, A.S. and Rieben, B.R., “Biocatalysis – Fundamentals and Applications”,

Wiley-VCH, 2004. 3. Purich, D. and Allison, D.R., “A Comprehensive Guidebook to Enzyme Nomenclature,

Reactions and Methods”, Academic Press, 2002.

BT1305 – BIOCHEMISTRY II L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I METABOLISM OF AMINO ACIDS 9 Nitrogen metabolism and urea cycle – Biosynthesis of amino acids (Gly, Ser, Cys, Met, Thr, Lys, Ile, Val and Leu) – Regulation of branched chain amino acids (concerted inhibition, allosteric regulation and enzyme multiplicity, sequential feed back) from oxaloacetate and pyruvate – Biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids – Metabolic disorders associated with branched chain and aromatic amino acid degradation – Important molecules derived from amino acids (auxins, DOPA, Serotonian, porphyrins, T3, T4, Adrenaline, Noradrenaline, histamine, GABA, polyamines). UNIT II METABOLISM – PROTEINS, VITAMIN AND HARMONES 9 Protein targeting – Signal sequence – Secretion – Folding – Chaperons and targeting of organelle proteins – Protein degradation – Receptor mediated endocytosis – Turnover – Vitamins (fat and water-soluble) – Hormones (steroids like corticoids, amino acids derived like adrenaline and noradrenaline and peptides like insulin and growth hormone ). UNIT III METABOLISM – NUCLEIC ACIDS, POLYSACCHARIDES AND LIPIDS

9 Biosynthesis of nucleotides – de novo and salvage pathways for purines and pyrimidines – Regulatory mechanisms – Degradation of nucleic acid by exo and endo nucleases – Biosynthesis and degradation of starch and glycogen – Biosynthesis and degradation of Lipids – Fatty acid synthesis and oxidative degradation – Triacylglycerol and phospholipid biosynthesis and degradation – Cholesterol biosynthesis and regulation and targets and action of cholesterol lowering drugs. UNIT IV CYTOSKELETON 9 Eukaryotic cytoskeleton – Actin – Myosin – Actin polymerization – Acto-myosin complexes – Mechanism of myosin ATPase activity – Excitation-contraction coupling and relaxation – Microtubules – Microfilaments – Intermediate filaments and their role in organelle movements – Prokaryotic cytoskeleton – FtsZ – MreB – ParM – Crescentin. UNIT V BIOMEMBRANE, TRANSPORT AND ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY

9 Micelles – Lipid bi-layer structure of membranes – Membrane proteins – Passive – Career-mediated and active transport – Ion-selective channels – Trans-membrane potential coupled ATP generation – Receptors – Acetylcholine receptor as a ligand gated ion-channel – Neuronal sodium channel as voltage-gated ion channel – Neurotransmitters and their mechanism of action – Action potential – Depolarization and nerve conduction – Ion-channel agonists and antagonists as drugs – Ion channel defects (Cystic Fibrosis)

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Champe P.C., Harvey R.A. and Ferrier D.R., “Biochemistry”, 4th Edition, Lippincott

Williams and Wilkins, 2008. 2. Robert, K.M, Daryl., K.G. and Victor, W.R., “Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry”, 27th

Edition, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2006. REFERENCES 1. Horton, R., Moran, L. A., Serimgeour, G., Perry, M. and Rawn, J. D., “Principles of

Biochemistry”, 4th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2005. 2. Voet, D. and Voet, G., “Biochemistry”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2004. 3. Devlin, T. M., “Text Book of Biochemistry”, 5th Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2003.

BT1306 – MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I MENDELIAN AND BACTERIAL GENETICS 9 Mendelian laws of inheritance – Sex chromosomes and sex-linked inheritance – Linkage and crossing over – Genetic mapping of chromosomes – Bacterial genetics – Transposons, transformation, conjugation and transduction. UNIT II GENOME AND ITS STRUCTURE 9 Molecular basis of life – Central dogma of life – Structure of DNA – Different forms of DNA and RNA – Genome organization in prokaryotes and in eukaryotes – Interaction of histones – Extranuclear genomes. UNIT III DNA REPLICATION AND EXPRESSION 9 Replication, transcription and translation – Codon and anticodon concept – Codon usage – Inhibitors of transcription and translation – Exon and intron concepts – Transcription initiation factors – Characteristic motifs, promoters and enhancers, RNA splicing, RNA editing – Post translational modifications – Protein folding, glycosylation, phosphorylation. UNIT IV MUTATION 9 Biochemical basis of mutation – Gene as the unit of expression – Types of mutation – Spontaneous, induced, reverse mutation – Suppression of mutation – DNA repair mechanisms – SOS response – Photo reactivation. UNIT V GENE REGULATION 9 Operon concept – gal, lac and trp – Allosteric enzymes and feed back inhibition – Repression – DNA looping – Homeobox in gene regulation in eukaryotes.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Lewin, B., “Genes – IX”, 9th Edition, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2008. 2. Turner, P., McLennan, A., Bates, A. and White, M., “Molecular Biology”, 3rd Edition,

Taylor and Francis, 2005. REFERENCES 1. Watson, J. D., Baker, T. A., Bell, S. P., Gann, A. and Levin, M., “Molecular Biology of

the Gene”, 5th Edition, Pearson Education Pvt. Ltd., 2004. 2. Bruce, A., Dennis, B., Alexander, J., Julian, L., Martin, R., Keith, R. and Peter, W.,

“Molecular Biology of the Cell”, 3rd Edition, Garland Science, 2002. 3. Freifelder, D. and Malacinski, G. M., “Essentials of Molecular Biology”, 3rd Edition,

Jones and Barlett Publishers Inc., 1998.

BT1307 – MASS TRANSFER OPERATIONS LABORATORY

L T P C 0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Determination of diffusivity of vapour in air at constant temperature. 2. Determination of diffusivity of vapour in air at constant pressure. 3. To determine the drying rate of given solid in tray dryer under atmospheric conditions. 4. Verification of Raleigh’s equation. 5. Determination of the efficiency of steam distillation. 6. Determination of stage efficiency using cross current leaching. 7. Determination of stage efficiency of counter current leaching. 8. Determination of breakpoint of adsorption. 9. Verification of adsorption isotherm by multistage adsorption. 10. Wetted wall column – Determination of mass transfer coefficient.

Total: 60

DEMO (OPTIONAL) 1. Ethanol fermentation process. 2. Crystallization of calcium lactate.

BT1308 – BIOPROCESS LABORATORY I

L T P C

0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Growth of bacteria – Estimation of biomass, calculation of specific growth rate, yield

coefficient. 2. Growth of yeast – Estimation of biomass, calculation of specific growth rate, yield

coefficient. 3. Medium optimization – Placket-Burman design. 4. Medium optimization – Response surface methodology. 5. Enzyme kinetics – Michelis Menton parameters. 6. Enzyme activity – Effect of temperature and pH. 7. Enzyme inhibition kinetics. 8. Enzyme immobilization – Gel entrapment. 9. Enzyme immobilization – Cross linking. 10. Thermal death kinetics.

Total: 60 DEMO (OPTIONAL) 1. Optimization of bioprocess – Taguchi methodology. 2. Isolation of amylase and starch hydrolysis.

BT1309 – MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LABORATORY

L T P C0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Isolation and gel electrophoresis analysis of genomic DNA from bacteria. 2. Isolation and gel electrophoresis analysis of genomic DNA from eukaryotic tissue. 3. Isolation and gel electrophoresis analysis of plasmid DNA. 4. Estimation of nucleic acids and purity by UV. 5. Restriction enzyme digestion. 6. Western blotting. 7. UV mutagenesis of bacteria. 8. β-galactosidase enzyme assay. 9. Preparation of E.coli competent cells and transformation of bacteria – CaCl2 method. 10. Bacterial conjugation.

Total: 60

DEMO (OPTIONAL) 1. Restriction digestion polymorphism. 2. GFP

SEMESTER VI

GE1352 – PROCESS ECONOMICS AND INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I VALUE OF MONEY 9 Value of money – Equivalence – Equations for economic studies and equivalence Amortization – Capital recovery – Depreciation – Depletion. UNIT II COST AND ITS EVALUATION 9 Capital requirements for process plants – Cost indices – Equipment costs – Service facilities – Capital requirements for complete plants – Balance sheet – Cost – Earnings – Profits and returns – Variable costs – Fixed costs – Income statement – Economic production charts – Capacity factors. UNIT III ECONOMICS OF SELECTING ALTERNATES AND ITS BALANCES 9 Annual cost methods – Present worth method – Equivalent alternate – Rate of return and payment time – Cash flow analysis – Economic balance in batch operations – Cyclic operations and multiple equipment units. UNIT IV PROJECT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT 9 Choosing a project – Market survey – Importance of techno-economic viability studies – Sourcing of processes – Process alternatives – Fixing most economic processes – Technology – Scanning – Plant location principles – Plant lay out – Process flow sheets – Preparation of budgetary investment and production costs. UNIT V COST MANAGEMENT AND MARKETING 9 Concepts of management – Principles – Management functions – Scientific management – Advanced techniques management – Bar chart, CPM, Pert technique – Types of organizations – Merits and demerits. Concepts of Marketing – Need – Research – Sales forecasting – Product cycle – Fundamentals of labour management and industries relation.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Couper, J. R., “Process Engineering Economics”, CRC Press, 2003. 2. White, J. A., Case, K. and Prat, D., “Principles of Engineering Economics Analysis”,

4th Edition, John – Wiley Publishers, 1997. REFERENCES 1. Towler, G. and Sinnott, R. K., “Chemical Engineering Design: Principles, Practice and

Economics of Plant and Process Design”, Elsevier, 2007. 2. Brown T., “Engineering Economics and Economic Design for Process Engineers”, CRC

Press, 2007. 3. Peters, M. S and Timmerhaus, K. D., “Plant Design and Economics for Chemical

Engineering”, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 1991.

BT1351 – GENETIC ENGINEERING

L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I BASICS OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 9 Introduction to gene cloning – DNA manipulative enzymes – Restriction endonucleases; nomenclature – Restriction mapping of DNA – Ligation strategies. UNIT II CLONING VECTORS FOR E.coli, B.subtilis, YEAST, PLANTS AND

ANIMAL CELLS 9 Plasmids, ss phage, ds phage, cosmid, phagemid and phasmid – PAC and BAC vectors for E. coli, cloning vectors for B.subtilis – Ti plasmid based vectors for higher plants – Direct transfer of DNA into plants/plant cells and viral vectors for animals/animal cells. UNIT III CLONE IDENTIFICATION, DNA SEQUENCING AND DNA

AMPLIFICATION 9 Introduction of rDNA into living cells – Screening and selection of recombinant clones, immunological screening – Studying the structure of clones by DNA sequencing – In vitro cloning by PCR, RFLP, RAPD; DNA chips – DNA fingerprinting techniques. UNIT IV APPLICATIONS OF RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 9 Transgenic plants – Transgenic animals – Gene therapy – Gene silencing – Antisense RNA and siRNA technologies – Recombinant proteins and pharmaceuticals. UNIT V PROTEIN PRODUCTION AND BIOSAFETY 9 Production of insulin, interferon and growth hormones – Biodegradable plastics – Safety guidelines lines for recombinant DNA techniques and waste disposal – Industrial and environmental application of recombinant DNA technology.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Primrose, S.B. and Twymann, R.H., “Principles of Gene Manipulation: An Introduction

to Genetic Engineering”, 6th Edition, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 2004. 2. Brown, T.A., “Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis”, 4th Edition, Blackwell Scientific

Publications, 2003. REFERENCES 1. Glick, B.R. and Pasternak, J.J., “Molecular Biotechnology”, 3rd Edition, ASM Press,

2003. 2. Greene, J.J. and Rao V.B., “Recombinant DNA Principles and Methodologies”, CRC

Press, 1998. 3. Watson J. D., “Recombinant DNA”, 2nd Edition, Scientific American Books, 1992.

BT1352 – BIOPROCESS AND BIOREACTOR ENGINEERING

L T P C3 1 0 4

UNIT I HOMOGENEOUS REACTIONS 12 Basic reaction theory – Reaction thermodynamics – Reaction yield – Reaction rate – Reaction kinetics – Effect of temperature and pressure – Differential and integral methods of analysis – Reaction kinetics for biological systems – Zero order kinetics – First order kinetics – Performance equation and graphical representation for batch, continuous reactors – Space time – Space velocity concepts. UNIT II HETROGENEOUS REACTIONS 12 Heterogeneous reactions in bioprocessing – Concentration gradients and reaction rates in solid catalysts – Interaction between mass transfer and reaction – Steady state shell mass balance – Zero order kinetics and spherical geometry – Michaelis-Menten kinetics and spherical geometry – Thiele modulus and effectiveness factor. UNIT III BIOREACTOR DESIGN 12 Background of bioreactors – Type of bioreactors – Airlift bioreactors – Airlift pressure cycle bioreactors – Loop bioreactor – Stirred tank bioreactors – Fluidized bed bioreactor – Trickle bed bioreactor – Bubble column fermenter – Design equations for CSTR fermenter – Monad model for a chemostat – Scale-up of stirred tank bioreactors – Two stage reactors – Reactors with non ideal mixing. UNIT IV MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF BIOPROCESSES 12 Study of structured models for analysis of various bioprocesses – Compartmental models, models of cellular energetic and metabolism – Single cell models – Plasmid replication and plasmid stability model – Dynamic simulation of batch, fed batch, steady and transient culture metabolism. UNIT V FERMENTATION PROCESS CONTROL 12 Bioreactor controlling probes – Characteristics of bioreactor sensors – Temperature measurement and control – DO measurement and control – pH/redox measurement and control – Detection and prevention of the foam – Biosensors.

L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60 TEXT BOOKS 1. Najafpour, G.D., “Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology”, Elsevier, 2007. 2. Doran, P.M., “Bioprocess Engineering Principles”, Academic Press, 2005. REFERENCES 1. Dunn, I.J., Heinzle, E., Ingham, J. and Prenosil, J.E., “Biological Reaction Engineering:

Dynamic Modeling Fundamentals with Simulation Examples”, 2nd Edition, Wiley-VCH, 2003.

2. Walker, J.M. and Rapley, R., “Molecular Biology and Biotechnology”, 4th Edition, Royal Society of Chemistry, 2000.

3. Blanch, H.W. and Clark, D.S., “Biochemical Engineering”, Marcel Dekker, Inc.1999. 4. Levenspiel, O., "Chemical Reaction Engineering", 3rd Edition, John Wiley, 1999.

BT1353 – PROTEIN STRUCTURE, FUNCTION AND ENGINEERING L T P C 3 1 0 4

UNIT I BONDS AND ENERGIES IN PROTEIN MAKEUP 12 Covalent, ionic, hydrogen, coordinate, hydrophobic and van der Waals interaction in protein structure – Interaction with electromagnetic radiation (radio, micro, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray) and elucidation of protein structure. UNIT II AMINO ACIDS AND THEIR CHARACTERSTICS 12 Amino acids and their molecular properties – Chemical reactivity in relation to post-translational modification (involving amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl, thiol, imidazole groups) and peptide synthesis. UNIT III PROTEIN ARCHITECTURE 12 Primary structure: Peptide mapping, peptide sequencing – Automated Edman method and mass-specs – High-throughput protein sequencing setup – Secondary structure: Alpha, beta and loop structures and methods to determine – Super-secondary structure: Alpha-turn-alpha, beta-turn-beta (hairpin), beta-sheets, alpha-beta-alpha, topology diagrams, up and down and TIM barrel structures nucleotide binding folds, prediction of substrate binding sites – Tertiary structure: Domains, folding, denaturation and renaturation, overview of methods to determine 3D structures – Quaternary structure: Modular nature, formation of complexes. UNIT IV STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIP 12 DNA-binding proteins – Prokaryotic transcription factors – Helix-turn-Helix motif in DNA binding – Trp repressor – Eukaryotic transcription factors – Zn fingers – Helix-turn-helix motifs in homeodomain – Leucine zippers – Membrane proteins – Genera characteristics – Trans-membrane segmenta – Prediction – Bacteriorhodopsin and photosynthetic reaction center – Immunoglobulins: IgG Light chain and heavy chain architechture – Abzymes and Enzymes – Serine proteases – Understanding catalytic design by engineering trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase – Substrate-assisted catalysis other commercial applications. UNIT V PROTEIN ENGINEERING 12 Advantages and purpose – Overview of methods – Underlying principles with specific examples: thermal stability T4-lysozyme – Recombinant insulin to reduce aggregation and inactivation, de novo protein design.

L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60 TEXT BOOKS 1. Petsko, G.A. and Ringe, D., “Protein Structure and Function”, New Science Press, 2004. 2. Branden, C. and Tooze, J., “Introduction to Protein Structures”, 2nd Edition, Garland

Publishing, 1999. REFERENCES 1. Buxbaum, E., “Fundamentals of Protein Structure and Function”, Springer, 2007. 2. Primrose, S. B. and Twymann, R. H., “Protein Folding, Evolution and Design”, 2001. 3. Voet, D. and Voet, G., “Biochemistry”, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 2001.

BT1354 – GENETIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY

L T P C 0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Preparation of genomic DNA and amplification of gene 2. Ligation of DNA into plasmid vector (Construction of rDNA) 3. Primer design for PCR 4. DNA isolation and target gene amplification 5. Cloning the amplified product in His/Taq vector 6. Expression of target protein 7. Purification of expressed protein by IMAC (Immobilized Metal Affinity

Chromatography) 8. Site directed mutagenesis of GFP gene 9. Restriction mapping of λ DNA / clone 10. Southern blotting

Total: 60 DEMO (OPTIONAL) 1. Multiplex PCR – Pathogenic or non-pathogenic strain. 2. Inclusion bodies.

BT1355 – BIOPROCESS LABORATORY II

L T P C 0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Batch sterilization design. 2. Estimation of KLa – Sulphite oxidation method. 3. Estimation of KLa – Power correlation method. 4. Residence time distribution. 5. Biodegradation of phenol. 6. Biosynthesis of citric acid. 7. Biosynthesis of antibiotics. 8. Biosynthesis secretary proteases. 9. Ethanol fermentation.

Total: 60 DEMO (OPTIONAL) 1. Solid state fermentation. 2. Lab scale fermentor and large scale fermentor.( Distillary industry)

HS1301 – COMMUNICATION AND SOFT SKILLS LABORATORY L T P C 0 0 3 1

Common to All Branches of III Year B.E./ B.Tech students of Anna University Tiruchirappalli and affiliated colleges) The aim of the course is two-fold: to enable the students to develop communication skills in the language laboratory and to arrange discussions for developing soft skills in the laboratory and/or the classroom. Each laboratory session shall last for three periods. List of activities that are to be carried out: (15 sessions x 3 periods = 45) Lab session # 1: Listening and speaking practice exercises with communicative functions. Learning material: the ACD of Spoken English: A Foundation Course for Speakers of Indian Languages (Orient Longman, 2008) Lab session # 2: Practice with more advanced communicative functions. Learning material: the ACD of Spoken English: A Foundation Course for Speakers of Indian Languages (Orient Longman, 2008) Lab session # 3: Pronunciation exercises with Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary of Current English or any other standard Dictionary Lab session # 4: Making an oral presentation in English. Learning Material: Professional Presentations VCD (Cambridge University Press) Lab session # 5: Listening to telephone conversations in English and completing the tasks. Learning material: Essential Telephoning in English ACD (Cambridge University Press) Lab session # 6: Giving an exposure to and practice with model group discussion and interviews. Learning material: How to Prepare for Group Discussion and Interview Audio Cassette (McGraw-Hill) Lab session # 7: Giving insights into the format and the task types in the IELTS (International English Language Testing System). Learning Material: Objective IELTS, Intermediate Level (CUP) Lab session # 8: Understanding the format and the task types in the TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language). Learning Material: Understanding the TOEFL (Educational Testing Services, Princeton) Lab session # 9: Administering the BEC (Business English Certificate) Diagnostic Test. Learning Material: BEC Practice Materials (British Council, Chennai) Lab session # 10: Completing the steps involved in Career, Life Planning and Change Management. Learning Material: Developing Soft Skills (Pearson Education) Lab session # 11: Setting goals and objectives exercises. Learning Material: Developing Soft Skills (Pearson Education) Lab session # 12: Prioritizing and time planning exercises. Learning Material: Managing Time Multimedia Program CD Lab session # 13: Taking a Personality Typing/ Psychometric Test Learning Material: 200 Psychometric Test prepared by the CUIC, Anna University Chennai. Lab session # 14: Critical and creative thinking exercises.

Lab session # 15: Improving body language and cross-cultural communication with pictures. Learning material: Body Language (S. Chand and Co.) For a detailed plan, refer to the topics given below: UNIT I LISTENING AND SPEAKING PRACTICE IN COMMUNICATIVE

FUNCTIONS Introductions and meetings – Talking about studies and/ or job – Expressing likes and dislikes – Describing daily routines and current activities – Talking about past states and events – Talking about future plans and intentions – Expressing preferences – Giving reasons – Expressing opinions, agreement and disagreement – Seeking and giving advice – Making suggestions UNIT II SPEAKING APPLICATIONS Making an oral presentation – Preparing the presentation – Performing the presentation – Beginning – Language – Visual aids and body language – Voice – Ending – Questions – Telephone conversations – Group Discussion and Interview UNIT III UNDERSTANDING AND PREPARING FOR INTERNATIONAL

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EXAMINATIONS Graded Examinations in Spoken English (GESE) – Spoken English for Work (SEW) – International English Language Testing System (IELTS) – Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) – Business English Certificate (BEC) UNIT IV SOFT SKILLS (1) Preparing for and dealing with change – Motivation, goal-setting and self-esteem – Managing time and stress – Career and life planning – Team work – Leadership traits UNIT V SOFT SKILLS (2) Multiple Intelligences – Learning Styles and Personality typing – Critical and creative thinking – People, cultures and self – Intercultural Communication RESOURCES 1. Kamalesh Sadanand and Susheela Punitha, “Spoken English: A Foundation Course” for

Speakers of Indian Languages, Part 2 Audio CD, Hyderabad: Orient Longman, 2008. 2. Malcome Goodale, “Professional Presentations”, (VCD) New Delhi: Cambridge

University Press, 2005. 3. Barbara Garside and Tony Garside, Essential Telephoning in English (Audio CD),

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. 4. Hari Mohan Prasad and Rajnish Mohan, How to Prepare for Group Discussion and

Interview (Audio Cassette) Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing. 5. Graded Examinations in Spoken English and Spoken English for Work downloadable

materials from Trinity College, London. 6. International English Language Testing System Practice Tests, CUP. 7. Business English Certificate Materials, Cambridge University Press. 8. Personality Development (CD-ROM), Times Multimedia, Mumbai. 9. Interactive Multimedia Programs on Managing Time and Stress. 10. Robert M. Sherfield and et al “Developing Soft Skills” 4th edition, New Delhi: Pearson

Education, 2009.

SEMESTER VII

BT1401 – BIOETHICS AND BIOSAFETY L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I HUMAN VALUES 9 Moral values and ethics – Integrity – Work ethics – Service learning – Civic virtue – Respect for others – Living peacefully – Caring – Sharing – Honesty – Courage – Value time – Co-operation – Commitment – Empathy – Self confidence – Character – Spirituality. UNIT II BIOETHICS 9 Ethics in biotechnology – Business ethics – Positive and negative effects – Senses of “Bioethics” – Variety of moral issues – Types of inquiry – Moral dilemmas – Moral autonomy – Kohlberg’s theory – Gilligan’s theory – Consensus and controversy – Models of Professional roles – Theories about right action – Self-interest – Customs and religion – Uses of ethical theories. UNIT III BIOSAFETY 9 Biosafety regulations national and international guidelines – rDNA guidelines – IBSC guidelines and its scope – Biosafety levels, biosafety guidelines – Characterization of the organisms – Effects of pathogenicity, toxigenicity and allergenicity – Substantial equivalence – Effects related to gene transfer and marker genes – Ecological effects – Field testing of genetically modified organism – Field trials.

UNIT IV GLOBAL ISSUES 9 Multinational corporations – Environmental ethics – Computer ethics – Weapons development – Engineers as managers – Consulting engineers as expert witness and advisors – Moral leadership – Sample code of Ethics. UNIT V INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS 9 Intellectual property rights – Origin of the patent regime – Early patents act and Indian pharmaceutical industry – Types of patents – Patent requirements – Application preparation, filing and prosecution – Patentable subject matter –TRIPS agreement – The requirements of TRIPS – Implementation in developing countries.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Shaleesha, A.S., “Bioethics”, Wisdom Educational Service, 2008. 2. Nap, J.P., Atanasov, A.I. and Stiekema, W.J., “Genomics for Biosafety in Plant

Biotechnology”, IOS Press, 2003. REFERENCES 1. Taylor, F.W., “The Principles of Scientific Management”, Cosimo Classics, 2006. 2. Birgitte, A.., “Intellectual Property Rights: Innovation, Governance, and the Institutional

Environment”, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2006. 3. Hambleton, P., Melling, J. and Salusbury, T.T., “Biosafety in Industrial Biotechnology”,

Springer, 1994.

BT1402 – DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING

L T P C 3 1 0 4

UNIT I DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING 12 Introduction to downstream processing – Stages of downstream processing – Basic principles of engineering analysis – Process and product quality – Cell disruption for product release – Mechanical and chemical methods – Flocculation – Electrical double layer – Flocculation rate – Polymer flocculants. UNIT II PHYSICAL METHODS OF SEPARATION 12 Filtration – Conventional filtration – Cross flow filtration – Filter media and equipment – Membrane fouling – Centrifugation – Tubular bowl centrifugation – Disk centrifuge and ultracentrifugation. UNIT III ISOLATION OF PRODUCTS 12 Extraction – Phase separation and partition equilibria – Countercurrent stage calculations – Aqueous two-phase extraction – Membrane separation – Ultra filtration and reverse osmosis – Dialysis – Precipitation of proteins by different methods. UNIT IV PRODUCT PURIFICATION 12 Adsorption – Fixed-bed adsorption, agitated bed adsorption – Adsorbent types – Silica based resins – Polymer based resins – Chromatographic techniques – Principles and practice – Reversed-phase – Ion-exchange – Size exclusion – Hydrophobic interaction – Affinity and immobilized metal affinity. UNIT V FINAL PRODUCT FORMULATION AND FINISHING OPERATIONS 12 Crystallization – Principles, batch crystallizers, process crystallization of proteins – Drying – Water in biological solids and in gases – Lyophilization in final product formulation.

L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60 TEXT BOOKS 1. Harrison, R.G., Todd, P., Rudger, S.R. and Petrides, D.P., “Bioseparation Science and

Engineering”, Oxford University Press, 2003. 2. Belter, P.A., Cussler, E.L. and Wei, S.H., “Bioseparation - Downstream Processing for

Biotechnology”, Wiley Interscience Publication, 1988. REFERENCES 1. Desai, M.A., “Downstream Processing of Proteins: Methods and Protocols” Springer,

2000. 2. Garcia, A. A., “Bioseparation Process Science”, Wiley-Blackwell, 1999. 3. Asenjo, J.A., “Separation Processes in Biotechnology”, CRC Press, 1990.

BT1403 – COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY

L T P C 3 1 0 4

UNIT I COMPUTER AND OPERATING SYSTEM 12 Introduction to shell programming – Linux – Windows – Mac OS X – VM ware – Cyg Win – Sed, Awk – Perl and Bioperl. UNIT II BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND DATA IMPORT 12 Biological databases – XML, HTML and CML – Bioinformatics toolbox – SimBiology – FASTA, PDB, SCF, SBML, Affymetrix, GenePix and ImaGene – Retrieving data from online databases – Mathworks products for computational biology – Genbank, EMBL, NCBI BLAST, and PDB. UNIT III ANALYSING AND VISUALIZING DATA 12 Sequence analysis – Microarray analysis – Mass spectrometry analysis – Biomarkers in MALDI or SELDI mass spectrometry – Cellular and molecular imaging – Systems biology – Physiological modeling. UNIT IV SEQUENCE ASSEMBLY 12 Shotgun sequencing – Sequencing by hybridization – DNA and protein sequence analysis – Tree representation of a sequence – Sequence comparison – Hashing, statistical content and with most mismatches. UNIT V SEQUENCE ALLIGNMENT 12 Multiple sequence alignment – Hidden Markov models – RNA secondary structures – Combinatorics – Trees and sequences.

L: 45 T: 15 Total: 60

TEXT BOOKS 1. Wunschiers, R., “Computational Biology”, Springer Verlag Publications, 2004. 2. Waterman, M.S., “Introduction to Computational Biology: Maps, Sequence and

Genomes”, CRC Press, 1995. REFERENCES 1. Srinivas, A., “Handbook of Computational Molecular Biology”, CRC Press, 2006. 2. Jiang, T. and Xu, Y., “Current Topics in Computational Molecular Biology”, MIT Press,

2002. 3. Pevzner, P., “Computational Molecular Biology: An Algorithmic Approach”, 2nd

Edition, MIT Press, 2000.

BT1404 – IMMUNOLOGY

L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9 Cells of immune system – Innate and acquired immunity – Primary and secondary lymphoid organs – Antigens – Chemical and molecular nature – Haptens – Adjuvants – Types of immune responses –Theory of clonal selection. UNIT II CELLULAR RESPONSES 9 Development, maturation, activation and differentiation of T-cells and B-cells – TCR – Antibodies – Structure and functions – Antibodies – Genes and generation of diversity – Antigen-antibody reactions – Monoclonal antibodies – Principles and applications – Antigen presenting cells – Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) – Antigen processing and presentation – Regulation of T-cell and B-cell responses.

UNIT III INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 9 Injury and inflammation – Immune responses to infections – Immunity to viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites – Cytokines – Complement – Immunosuppression – Tolerance – Allergy and hypersensitivity – AIDS and immunodeficiencies – Resistance and immunisation – Vaccines. UNIT IV TRANSPLANTATION AND TUMOR IMMUNOLOGY 9 Transplantation – MHC – Tests for histocompatibility – Prolongation of grafts – Tumor immunology – Tumor antigens – Tumor immune response – Tumor immunodiagnosis – Tumor immunotherapy. UNIT V IMMUNOTECHNOLOGY 9 Monoclonal antibodies – Production and characterization – Application of PCR technology to produce antibodies and other immunological reagents immunotherapy with genetically engineered antibodies – Western blot analysis – Immunoelectrophoresis – SDS-PAGE – Purification and synthesis of antigens – ELISA and Radio immunoassay (RIA) – Principles and applications.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Goldsby, R.A., Kindt, T J., Osborne, B.A. and Kuby, J., “Immunology”, 5th Edition,

Freeman and Company, 2003. 2. Roitt, I., Brostoff, J. and Male, D., “Immunology”, 6th Edition, Mosby Publishers, 2001.

REFERENCES 1. Male, R.I and Brostoff, J., “Immunology”, Mosby Publications, 2002. 2. Kuby, J., “Immunology”, W. H. Freeman and Co., 2000. 3. Benjamini, E., Sunshine, G. and Leskowitz, S., “Immunology: A Short Notes”, 3rd

Edition, Wiley-Liss, 1996.

BT1405 – DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING LABORATORY

L T P C 0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Solid liquid separation – Centrifugation, dialysis. 2. Cell disruption techniques – Ultrasonication, lysozyme EDTA for bacteria. 3. Cell disruption techniques – Osmolysis for RBC. 4. Precipitation – Ammonium sulphite precipitation 5. Aqueous two phase extraction of biologicals 6. High resolution purification – Affinity chromatography (Dye affinity) 7. High resolution purification – Ion exchange chromatography. 8. Product polishing – Gel filtration chromatography. 9. Product polishing – Freeze drying. 10. Isoelectric precipitation of casein.

Total: 60

DEMO (OPTIONAL) 1. Disruption of plant cells. 2. Crystallization of urease from Jack bean meal.

BT1406 – COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY LABORATORY

L T P C 0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Study of internet resources in computational biology 2. Internet protocols 3. Basic programming tags with XML, HTML and CML. 4. Algorithm used in data base 5. BLAST 6. FASTA 7. Prediction of DNA sequence 8. Prediction of protein sequence 9. Perl 10. Bioperl

Total: 60 DEMO (OPTIONAL) 1. Phylogenetic analysis 2. Shell Programming

BT1407 – IMMUNOLOGY LABORATORY

L T P C 0 0 4 2

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS 1. Identification of cells in a blood smear 2. Identification of blood group 3. Pregnancy, ASO and RPR 4. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis 5. Testing for typhoid antigens by Widal test 6. Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) 7. Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells 8. Isolation of monocytes from blood 9. Identification of T-cells by T-cell rossetting using sheep RBC 10. Lymphocyte proliferation in-vitro

Total: 60 DEMO (OPTIONAL) 1. Handling of animals, immunization and raising antisera 2. Immunofluorescence

SEMESTER VIII

MG1301 – TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9 Definition of quality – Dimensions of quality – Quality planning – Quality costs – Analysis techniques for quality costs – Basic concepts of total quality management – Historical review – Principles of TQM – Leadership – Concepts – Role of senior management – Quality council – Quality statements – Strategic planning – Deming philosophy – Barriers to TQM implementation. UNIT II TQM PRINCIPLES 9 Customer satisfaction – Customer perception of quality – Customer complaints – Service quality – Customer retention – Employee involvement – Motivation, empowerment, teams, recognition and reward – Performance appraisal – Benefits – Continuous process improvement – Juran trilogy, PDSA Cycle, 5S, Kaizen, supplier partnership – Partnering and sourcing – Supplier selection – Supplier Rating – Relationship development – Performance measures – Basic concepts – Strategy – Performance measures. UNIT III STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL (SPC) 9 The seven tools of quality – Statistical fundamentals – Measures of central tendency and dispersion – Population and sample – Normal curve – Control charts for variables and attributes – Process capability – Concept of six sigma – New seven management tools. UNIT IV TQM TOOLS 9 Benchmarking – Reasons to Benchmark – Benchmarking process – Quality function deployment (QFD) – House of quality – QFD process – Benefits – Taguchi quality loss function – Total productive maintenance (TPM) – Concept, Improvement needs – FMEA – Stages of FMEA. UNIT V QUALITY SYSTEMS 9 Need for ISO 9000 and other quality systems, ISO 9000:2000 – Quality system – Elements – Implementation of quality system – Documentation – Quality auditing – QS 9000, ISO 14000 – Concept, requirements and benefits.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Kanishka, B., “Quality Management”, Oxford University Press, 2007. 2. Ross, J.E. and Perry, S., “Total Quality Management: Text, Cases and Readings”, 3rd

Edition, CRC Press, 1999. REFERENCES 1. Oakland, J.S., “Total Quality Management: text with cases”, 3rd Edition, Butterworth

Heinemann, 2003. 2. Evans, J.R. and Lidsay W.M., “The Management and Control of Quality”, 5th Edition,

South-Western (Thomson Learning), 2002. 3. Dale H.B., “Total Quality Management”, Pearson Education Asia, 1999.

BT1451 – MOLECULAR THERAPEUTICS

L T P C 4 0 0 4

UNIT I GENE THERAPY 12 Gene therapy – Overview – Germ line, Somatic – gene carrying vectors – Physical and Viral – Liposome and Nanoparticle mediated gene delivery – Selectable marker – Suicide gene therapy – Gene therapy for inborn errors of metabolism – Neurological disease and cardiovascular gene therapy UNIT II CELLULAR THERAPY AND TRANSPLANTATION 12 Potency of stem cells – Sources: embryonic and adult stem cells – Clinical applications of stem cell treatment – Concept of tissue engineering – Scaffold construction – Organ transplantation – Types of transplant and donor – Ethical issues. UNIT III RECOMBINANT THERAPY 12 Clinical applications of recombinant technology – Choice of organisms – Recombinant protein production and problems – Erythropoietin – Insulin analogs and its role in diabetes – Recombinant human growth hormone – Streptokinase and urokinase in thrombosis – Recombinant coagulation factors. UNIT IV IMMUNOTHERAPY 12 Anti–Idiotype antibody and DNA Vaccines for immunotherapy – Antibody therapy for solid tumors – Monoclonal antibodies and their role in cancer therapy – Interleukin, Interferons as cancer therapy – Role of natural–killer cells. UNIT V GENE SILENCING TECHNOLOGY 12 Antisense therapy – Gene silencing – Post and Transcriptional and Meiotic – RNA interference – Nonsense mediated decay – Gene Imprinting – Paramutation – Transvection – Ribozyme therapies – Single nucleotide polymorphisms therapy.

Total : 60

TEXT BOOKS 1. Pamela Greenwell, Michelle McCulley, “Molecular Therapeutics: 21st century

medicine”, John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 2007. 2. Nancy Smyth Templeton, “Gene and cell therapy”, 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker, Inc.

2000. REFERENCES 1. Mary L. Disis, “Immunotherapy of cancer”, Humana Press Inc., 2010. 2. Jennie P. Mather and Penelope E. Roberts, “Introduction to cell and tissue culture –

Theory and Technique”, Genentech Inc., 1998. 3. Jeffrey Medin and Daniel Fowler, “Experimental and Applied Immunotherapy”, 1st

Edition., 2011.

BT1455 – PROJECT WORK L T P C 0 0 12 6

The project may be considered as the ultimate exercise presented to the final semester student before graduation to measure accumulated engineering knowledge and experience. At the same time, the project itself should provide the students with some new skills, innovation and information and strengthen the acquired ones. The project programme consists of different assignment, allotted time, submission of report under internal faculty guidance and evaluation by external member along with internal faculty. The activities performed during a project may cover one or more of the following: • Data collection • Critical literature review • Laboratory experiments and tests • Mathematical modeling • Software application • Industrial visits • Design and/or assembly • Process analysis The topic project may be assigned to individual student. The project topic allotted may be of theoretical, experimental or industrial projects to be carried out under the supervision of internal guide and external guide (in case of industrial projects). The projects are to be executed strictly as per the project schedule prepared during VIII semester. A committee of departmental faculty members comprising the project guide, one more faculty member and the head of department will monitor and review the progress achieved by the student at various stages. The internal assessment will be done by the committee based on the progress achieved on completion of the project work. On completion of the project work, each student has to prepare a project report and submit the same in triplicate to the department. The project work and the report will be evaluated by the internal assessment committee for a total of 100 marks. The external university examination, which carries a total of 100 marks, will have report evaluation and viva voce examination conducted by a committee of one external examiner and one internal examiner appointed by the university.

ELECTIVES I

BT1001 – NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY 9 Background and definition of nanotechnology, chemical bonds in nanotechnology – Scales at the bio-nano interface – Basic capabilities of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine – Biological tradition and mechanical tradition biotechnology – Applications in biotechnology. UNIT II STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PRINCIPLES OF

BIONANOTECHNOLOGY 9 Biomolecular structure and stability – Protein folding – Self-assembly – Self-organization – Molecular recognition – Flexibility – Information – Driven nanoassembly – Energetics – Chemical transformation – Regulation – Biomaterials – Biomolecular motors – Traffic across membranes – Biomolecular sensing – Self-replication – Machine-phase bionanotechnology. UNIT III MICROFLUIDICS MEETS NANO 9 Concepts and advantages of microfluidic devices – Materials and methods for the manufacture of microfluidic component – Fluidic structures – Surface modifications – Lab-on-a-chip for biochemical analysis. UNIT IV PROTEIN-BASED NANOSTRUCTURES 9 S-Layers – Engineered nanopores – Microbial nanoparticle production – Magnetosomes –Nanoscale magnetic iron minerals in bacteria – Nanoparticle – Biomaterial hybrid systems. UNIT V DNA-BASED NANOSTRUCTURES 9 DNA-Protein nanostructures – Biomimetic fabrication of DNA based metallic nanowires and networks – DNA-Gold nanoparticle conjugates – Nanoparticles as non-viral transfection agents.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Niemeyer, C.M. and Mirkin, C.A., “Nanobiotechnology: Concepts, Applications and Perspectives”, Wiley-VCH, 2004. 2. Goodsell, D.S., “Bionanotechnology”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 2004. REFERENCES 1. Shoseyov, O. and Levy, I., “Nanobiotechnology: Bioinspired Devices and Materials of

the Future”, Humana Press, 2007. 2. Bhushan, B., “Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology” Springer-Verlag Berlin

Heidelberg, 2004. 3. Freitas Jr R.A., “Nanomedicine”, Vol. II, 1st Edition, Landes Biosciences, 2004. 4. Kohler, M. and Fritzsche, W., “Nanotechnology – An Introduction to Nanostructuring

Techniques” Wiley-VCH, 2004.

BT1002 – BIOCONJUGATE TECHNOLOGY L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I FUNCTIONAL TARGETS 9 Modification of amino acids, peptides and proteins – Modification of sugars, polysaccharides and glycoconjugates – Modification of nucleic acids and oligonucleotides. UNIT II CHEMISTRY OF ACTIVE GROUPS 9 Amine reactive chemical reactions – Thiol reactive chemical reactions – Carboxylate reactive chemical reactions – Hydroxyl reactive chemical reactions – Aldehyde and ketone reactive chemical reactions – Photoreactivc chemical reactions. UNIT III BIOCONJUGATE REAGENTS 9 Zero length cross linkers – Homobifuntional cross linkers – Heterobifunctional cross linkers –Trifunctional cross linkers – Cleavable reagent systems – Tags and probes. UNIT IV ENZYME AND NUCLEIC ACID MODIFICATION AND

CONJUGATION 9 Properties of common enzymes – Activated enzymes for conjugation – Biotinylated enzymes – Chemical modification of nucleic acids – Biotin labeling of DNA enzyme conjugation to DNA – Fluorescent of DNA. UNIT V BIOCONJUGATE APPLICATIONS 9 Preparation of hapten – Carrier immunogen conjugates – Antibody modification land conjugation – Immunotoxin conjugation techniques – Liposome conjugated and derivatives – Colloidal gold labeled proteins – Modification with synthetic polymers.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Hermanson, G.T., “Bioconjugate Techniques”, 2nd Edition, Academic Press, 2008. 2. Meares, C.F., “Perspectives in Bioconjugate Chemistry”, American Chemical Society,

1993. REFERENCES 1. Schreiber, S., Kapoor, T. M. and Wess G., “Chemical Biology: from Small Molecules to

Systems Biology and Drug Design”, Vol. 2, Wiley-VCH, 2007. 2. Niemeyer, C.M., “Bioconjugation Protocols: Strategies and Methods ” Springer, 2004. 3. Aslam, M. and Alastair, D., “Bioconjugation: Protein Coupling Techniques for the

Biomedical Sciences”, Macmillan, 1998.

BT1003 – PROCESS EQUIPMENT AND PLANT DESIGN

L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I HEAT EXCHANGERS, CONDENSERS, EVAPORATORS 9 Single and multi process exchangers – Double pipe – U-tube heat exchangers – Combustion details supporting structure – Single and vertical evaporation – Single and multi effect evaporators – Forced circulation evaporators. UNIT II STORAGE VESSEL FOR VOLATILE AND NON VOLATILE FLUIDS,

PRESSURE VESSEL STRUCTURE 9 Design of the following equipments as per ASME, ISI codes – Drawing according to scale; monoblock and multiplayer vessels – Combustion details and supporting structure. UNIT III EXTRACTOR, DISTILLATION AND ABSORPTION TOWER 9 Construction details and assembly drawing – Plate and packed extraction towers – Plate and packed adsorption towers – Plate and packed distillation towers. UNIT IV PUMPS, MECHANICAL SEALS, VALVES AND SWWITCHES 9 Various types of pumps – Principle of working – Construction, usages, advantages and disadvantages – Various types of seals – Effectiveness, usages – Pneumatic seals – Gate, globe and butterfly valves, their material of construction – Pneumatically controlled valves. UNIT V PIPING, PRINT LAY OUT AND DESIGN 9 Various types of piping – Material of construction, their usage – Pipe lay out – Modern plant design and case studies.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Couper, J.R., Penney, W.R., Fair, J.R. and Walas, S., “Chemical Process Equipment:

Selection and Design”, 2nd Edition, Gulf Professional Publishing, 2005. 2. McCabe, W.L. and Smith, J.C., “Unit Operations in Chemical Engineering”, 6th Edition,

McGraw Hill, 2003. REFERENCES 1. Sinnott, R.K., Coulson, J.M. and Richardson, J.F., “Coulson and Richardson's Chemical

Engineering”, 4th Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, 2005. 2. Peters, M.S., Timmerhaus, K.D. and West, R.E., “Plant design and economics for

chemical engineers”, 5th Edition, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2003. 3. Kern, D.Q., “Heat Transfer”, McGraw Hill, 1985.

BT1004 – SPECTROSCOPY FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I ELECTRONIC SPECTRA 9 Introduction of electronic spectra – Absorption spectra – Ultraviolet spectra of proteins – Nucleic acid spectra – Prosthetic groups – Difference spectroscopy – X-ray absorption spectroscopy – Fluorescence and phosphorescence – RecBCD – Helicase activity monitored by fluorescence – Fluorescence energy transfer – Molecular ruler-application of energy transfer to biological systems. UNIT II CIRCULAR DICHROISM, OPTICAL ROTARY DISPERSION AND

FLUORESCENCE POLARIZATION 9 Optical rotary dispersion – Circular dichroism – Optical rotary dispersion and circular dichroism of proteins – Optical rotation and circular dichroism of nucleic acids – Small molecule binding to DNA – Protein folding – Interaction of DNA with zinc finger proteins – Fluorescence polarization – Integration of HIV genome into host genome and alpha – Ketoglutarate. UNIT III VIBRATIONS IN MACROMOLECULES 9 Infrared spectroscopy – Raman spectroscopy – Structure determination with vibrational spectroscopy resonance Raman spectroscopy – Structure of enzyme-substrate complexes. UNIT IV PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR MAGNETIC

RESONANCE AND ELECTRON SPIN RESONANCE 9 NMR spectrometers – Chemical shifts – Spin-spin splitting – Relaxation times –Multidimensional NMR – Magnetic resonance imaging – Electron spin resonance – Regulation of DNA transcription – Protein – DNA interactions – Dynamics of protein folding – RNA folding – Lactose permease. UNIT V MASS SPECTROMETRY 9 Mass analysis – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS) – Ion detectors – Ionization of the sample – Sample preparation/analysis – Proteins and peptides – Protein folding – Other biomolecules.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Hammes, G., “Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences-Gordon”, Wiley Publications,

2005. 2. Ramamoorthy, A., “NMR Spectroscopy of Biological Solids”, CRC Press, 2005. REFERENCES 1. Gremlich, H. and Yan, B., “Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Biological Materials”,

CRC Press, 2000. 2. Larsen, B. S. and McEwen, C. N., “Mass Spectrometry of Biological Materials”, 2nd

Edition, CRC Press, 1998. 3. Certaines, J.D., Bovée, W.M.M.J. and Podo, F., “Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in

Biology and Medicine: Functional and Pathological Tissue Characterization”, Pergamon Press, 1992.

ELECTIVES II

BT1005 – BIOPHARMACEUTICALS L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I PHARMACEUTICALS OF BIOLOGICAL ORIGIN 9 Current status and future prospects of biopharmaceuticals – Pharmaceuticals of animal origin, plant origin and microbial origin – Sources of biopharmaceuticals. UNIT II DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 9 Drug discovery – Gene chips, proteomics, structural genomics – Pharmacogenetics – Plant as a source of drugs, microbial drugs – Pre-clinical trial – Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, toxicity studies, clinical trial – Clinical trial design, trial size and study population, randomized control studies. UNIT III GROWTH FACTORS AND HORMONES 9 Haemopoietic growth factors – Granulocyte and macrophage colony stimulating factor – Insulin like growth factors – Epidermal growth factor – Platelet growth factor – Neurotrophic factors – Hormones of therapeutic interest – Insulin – Glucagon – Human growth hormones – Gonadotrophins UNIT IV BLOOD PRODUCTS AND THERAPEUTIC ENZYMES 9 Disease transmission – Whole blood – Platelets and red blood cells – Blood substitutes – Haemostasis – Antithrombin – Thrombolytic agents – Enzymes of therapeutic value UNIT V ANTIBODIES, VACCINES, ADJUVANTS AND ANTI-SENSE

TECHNOLOGY 9 Polyclonal antibody – Monoclonal antibodies – Tumour immunology – Vaccine technology – Adjuvant technology – Anti-sense oligonucleotides – Uses, advantages and disadvantages of ‘oligos’ – Vitravene, an approved antisense agent – Antigene sequences and ribozymes.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Walsh, G., “Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Concepts and Applications”, 2nd Edition,

John Wiley, 2007. 2. Crommelin, D.J.A., Sindelar, R.D. and Meibohm, B., “Pharmaceutical Biotechnology:

Fundamentals and Applications”, 3rd Edition, Informa Health Care, 2007 REFERENCES 1. Dutton, R. and Scharer, J., “Advanced Technologies in Biopharmaceutical Processing”,

Blackwell Publishing, 2007. 2. Kayser, O. and Müller R. H., “Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Drug Discovery and

Clinical Applications”, Wiley-VCH, 2004. 3. Walsh, G., “Biopharmaceuticals: Biochemistry and Biotechnology”, 2nd Edition, John

Wiley, 2003.

BT1006 – DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I PRINCIPLES OF DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 9 Developmental anatomy – Mathematical modeling – Evolution of developmental patterns – Mosaic and regulative development – Pattern formation – Positional information – Stages of animal development – Experimental embryology. UNIT II SYMMENTRY AND ORGANIZATION 9 Development and axis formation in vertebrates and invertebrates – Setting up the body axis – Dorsoventral and anteroposterior axis – Modes of axes determination – Origins of germ line and germ layers – Gamete formation – Early and later embryonic development. UNIT III GENETICS OF AXIS SPECIFICATION 9 Hox genes and homeotic genes – Positional information gradient – Gap genes – Segment polarity genes – Pair-rule of maintenance genes – Maternal and zygotic genes – Sex determination. UNIT IV OVERVIEW OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT 9 Plant life cycles – Gamete production in angiosperms – Pollination – Fertilization – Embryonic – Development – Dormancy – Germination – Vegetative growth – Vegetative-to-reproductive transition – Senescence. UNIT V ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF DEVELOPMENT 9 Regulation and disruption of normal development – Conditions of existence – Developmental correlation – Developmental constraints – Evolutionary developmental biology.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Slack, J.M.W., “Essential Developmental Biology”, 2nd Edition, Wiley-Blackwell,

2006. 2. Hall, B.K., “Evolutionary developmental biology”, 2nd Edition, Birkhäuser, 1998. REFERENCES 1. Wolpert, L., Beddington, R., Jessell, T., Lawrence, P., Meyerowitz, E. and Smith, J.,

“Principles of Development”, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2002. 2. Gilbert, S.F., “Developmental Biology”, 5th Edition, Sinauer Associates, 1997. 3. Muller, W. A., “Developmental Biology”, Springer-Verlag, 1997.

BT1007 – METABOLIC ENGINEERING

L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9 Jacob Monod model – Catabolite regulation – Glucose effect – Camp deficiency – Feedback regulation – Regulation in branched pathways – Differential regulation by iso enzymes – Concerted feedback regulation – Cumulative feedback regulation – Amino acid regulation of synthesis – Energy charge regulation permeability control passive diffusion – Active group transportation. UNIT II BIOSYNTHESIS OF PRIMARY METABOLITES 9 Alteration of feedback regulation – Limiting accumulation of end products – Feedback – Resistant mutants – Alteration of permeability – Metabolites. UNIT III BIOSYNTHESIS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES 9 Precursor effect prophophase-niodiophase relationship – Enzyme induction – Feedback regulation – Catabolite regulation by passing control of secondary metabolism – Producer of secondary metabolites. UNIT IV REGULATION OF ENZYME SYNTHESIS 9 Specificity, yields, factors important to bioconversions – Regulation of enzyme synthesis – Mutation permeability – Co-metabolism – Avoidance of product inhibition – Mixed or sequential bioconversion – Conversion of insoluble substances. UNIT V FERMENTATION DEVELOPMENT 9 Strain selection –Recognizing growth cycle peak – Induction – Feedback repression – Catabolite repression – Mutants resistant to repression – Gene dosage.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Nielsen, J. and Eggeling, L., “Metabolic Engineering”, Springer, 2001. 2. Lee, S.Y. and Papoutsakis, E.T., “Metabolic Engineering”, CRC Press, 1999. REFERENCES 1. Cortassa, S., “An Introduction to Metabolic and Cellular Engineering”, World Scientific,

2002. 2. Stanbury, P. F., Whitaker, A. and Hall S. J., “Principles of Fermentation Technology”,

2nd Edition, Pergamon Press, 1995. 3. Cruegar, W. and Cruegar, A., “Biotechnology – A Textbook of Industrial

Microbiology”, 2nd Edition, Sinauer Associates, 1990.

BT1008 – MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I OVERVIEW 9 Historical perspective – Discovery of microscope – Louis Pasteur’s contribution – Robert Koch’s postulates – Early discoveries of microbial toxins – Toxic assays, vaccines, antibiotics and birth of molecular genetics and modern molecular pathogenesis studies – Various pathogen types and modes of entry. UNIT II HOST DEFENSE AGAINST PATHOGENS AND PATHOGENIC

STRATEGIES 9 Attributes and components of microbial pathogenesis – Host defense: skin, mucosa, cilia, secretions, physical movements – Limitation of free iron – Antimicrobial compounds – Mechanism of killing by humoral and cellular defense mechanisms – Complements – Inflammation process – General disease symptoms – Pathogenic adaptations to overcome the above defenses. UNIT III MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS 9 Virulence – Virulence factors – Molecular genetics and gene regulation in virulence of pathogens – Vibrio cholarae – Cholera toxin, co-regulated pili, filamentous phage and survival. E.coli pathogens – Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), Entero-pathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Enterohaemerrohogic E. coli (EHEC), Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC). Shigella – Entry, macrophage apoptosis, induction of macropinocytosis, uptake of epithelial cells, intracellular spread, inflammatory response and tissue damage. Plasmodium – Life cycle and its processes to support the rapidly growing schizont, parasitiparous vacuoles and knob protein transport, antimalarials based on transport processes. Influenza virus – Intracellular stages, neuraminidase and haemagglutinin in entry, M1 and M2 proteins in assembly and disassembly, action of amantidine. UNIT IV EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON HOST-PATHOGEN INTERACTIONS 9 Virulence assays – Adherence, invasion, cytopathic, cytotoxic effects – Criteria and tests in identifying of virulence factors, attenuated mutants – Molecular characterization of virulence factors – Signal transduction and host responses. UNIT V MODERN APPROACHES TO CONTROL PATHOGENS 9 Classical approaches based on serotyping – Modern diagnosis based on highly conserved virulence factors, immune and DNA based techniques – New therapeutic strategies based on recent findings on molecular pathogenesis of a variety of pathogens, vaccines – DNA, subunit and cocktail vaccines.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Gyles, C.L., Prescott, J.F., Songer, J.G. and Thoen C.O., “Pathogenesis of bacterial

infections in animals”, 3rd Edition, Wiley-Blackwell, 2004. 2. McClane, B.A. and Mietzner, T.A., “Microbial Pathogenesis: A Principles Oriented

Approach”, Fence Creek Publishers, 1999. REFERENCES 1. Groismen, E.A., “Principles of Bacterial Pathogenesis”, Academic Press, 2001. 2. Wagner, E.K. and Hewlett, M.J., “Basic Virology”, Blackwell Science, 1999. 3. Sirica, A. E., “Cellular and Molecular Pathogenesis”, Lippincott-Raven, 1996.

ELECTIVES III

BT1009 – ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I BIOGEOCHEMICAL ROLE OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS 9 Microbial flora of soil – Interactions among soil microorganisms – Nitrogen cycle – Carbon cycle – Sulfur cycle – Phosphorous cycle. UNIT II BIODEGRADATION 9 Aerobic degradation of recalcitrant organic compounds by microorganisms – Growth associated degradation of aliphatic – Diversity of aromatic compounds – Co-metabolic degradation of organopollutants – Degradative capacities of fungi. Anaerobic degradation of organic compounds – Degradation of hydrocarbons – Alkyl compounds – ketones – Aromatic compounds – Halogenated organics – Sulfonates – Nitroorganics. UNIT III BIOREMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES 9 Remediation technologies – Bioventing – Biosparging and bioslurping – Phytoremediation, Biodesulphurization of coal and oil – Microbial transformation of heavy metals – Bioleaching, bioaccumulation – Biosorption and bioprecipitation of heavy metals. UNIT IV ECO-FRIENDLY BIOPRODUCTS FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES 9 Fundamentals of composting process – Composting technologies – Composting systems – Compost quality – Biofertilizers – Biopesticides – Scientific aspects and prospects of biofuel production – Bioethanol – Biohydrogen and biodiesel. UNIT V BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER 9 Biological processes for wastewater treatment – Physico-chemical characteristics of wastewater – Activated sludge process – Trickling filter – Rotating biological contactors – Fluidized bed reactor – Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) – High-rate anaerobic wastewater treatment – Comparison between aerobic and anaerobic processes.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Jordening, H.J. and Winter, J., “Environmental Biotechnology: Concepts and

Application”, Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2005. 2. Evans, G.M. and Furlong, J.C., “Environmental Biotechnology: Theory and

Application”, John Wiley and Sons, 2003. REFERENCES 1. Bhattacharya, B.C. and Banerjee, R., “Environmental Biotechnology”, Oxford

University Press, 2007. 2. Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S. and Krieg, N.R., “Microbiology”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2005. 3. Rittmann, B.E. and McCarty, P.L., “Environmental Biotechnology: Principles and

Applications”, McGraw-Hill, 2001.

BT1010 – PLANT AND ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION 9 Scope of plant and animal biotechnology – Structure and function of mitochondria – Light and dark reaction - Genetic material – Rubisco synthesis and assembly – Coordination, regulation and transport of proteins – Mitochondria Genome, cytoplasmic male sterility and import of proteins – Animal biotechnology for production of regulatory proteins, blood products, vaccines, hormones and other therapeutic proteins. UNIT II AGROBACTERIUM AND PLANT VIRUSES 9 Pathogenesis – Crown gall disease – Genes involved in the pathogenesis – Ti plasmid – T-DNA – Importance in genetic engineering – Plant viruses and different types – Viral Vectors – Gemini virus – Cauliflower mosaic virus – Benefits of viral vectors – Molecular diagnosis of plant diseases. UNIT III CELL CULTURE TECHNOLOGY 9 Culturing of cells – Primary and secondary cell lines – Cell culture – Scaling up of animal cell culture – Monolayer culture – Suspension culture – Various bioreactors used for animal cell culture – Roller bottle culture – Bioreactor process control – Stirred animal cell culture – Air lift fermenter – Chemostat – Turbidostat – High technology vaccines – Hybridoma technology – Cell lines and their applications. UNIT IV GENETIC ENGINEERING 9 Biology of animal viral vectors – SV4O, adeno virus, retrovirus, vaccinia virus, herpes virus and baculo virus – Gene therapy – Prospects and problems – Knockout mice and mice model for human genetic disorder – Baculo virus in bio-control – Enzymes technology – Somatic manipulation of DNA – Nucleic acid hybridization arid probes in diagnosis – Preparation of probes evaluation and applicators. UNIT V APPLICATIONS 9 Outline of plant tissue culture – Transgenic plants – Herbicide and pest resistant plants – Molecular pharming – Therapeutic products – Functional genomics – Whole genome sequencing project eg. Arabidopsis, RNAi. Rumen manipulation – Probiotics – Embryo transfer technology – Invitro fertilization – Transgenesis methods of transfering genes into animal oocytes, eggs, embryos and specific tissues by physical, chemical and biological methods – Biopharming transgenic animals (Mice, Cow, Pig, Sheep, Goat, Buds arid Insects) – Artificial insemination and embryo transfer.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Chawla, H.S., “Introduction to Plant Biotechnology”, Science Publishers, 2002. 2. Chirikjian, J.G., “Biotechnology: Plant Biotechnology, Animal Cell Culture,

Immunobiotechnology”, Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 1995. REFERENCES 1. Srivastava, S., Narula, A. and Bhojwani, S.S., “Plant Biotechnology and Molecular

markers”, Springer, 2004. 2. Glick, B.R. and Pasternack, J.J., “Molecular Biotechnology”, 3rd Edition, ASM Press,

2003. 3. Holland, A. and Johnson, A., “Animal Biotechnology and Ethics”, Springer, 1998.

BT1011 – GENOMICS AND PROTEOMICS

L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I OVERVIEW OF GENOME OF BACTERIA, ARCHAE AND

EUKARYOTA 9 Organisation of genes – Coding, non-coding chromosomes and high order structures – Genomes relatedness. UNIT II PHYSICAL MAPPING TECHNIQUES 9 Top down and bottom up approach – Linking and jumping of clones – Genome sequencing – Placing small fragments on map – STS assembly – Gap closure – Pooling strategies – Cytogenetic mapping techniques. UNIT III FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS 9 Gene finding – Annotation – ORF and functional prediction – Subtractive DNA library screening – Differential display and representational difference analysis – SAGE – TOGA. UNIT IV PROTEOMICS TECHNIQUES 9 Protein level estimation – Edman protein microsequencing – Protein cleavage – 2D gel electrophoresis – Metabolic labeling – Detection of proteins on SDS gels – Pattern analysis – Mass spectrometry – Principles of MALDI-TOF – Tandem MS-MS – Peptide mass fingerprinting. UNIT V PROTEIN PROFILING 9 Post translational modification – Protein-protein interaction – Glycoprotein analysis – Phosphoprotein analysis.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Primrose, S.B. and Twyman, R.H., “Principles of Genome Analysis and Genomics”,

Blackwell Publishing Co., 2003. 2. Liebler, D.C., “Introduction to Proteomics”, Humana Press, 2002 REFERENCES 1. Pennington, S.R. and Dunn, M.J., “Proteomics”, BIOS Scientific Publishers, 2001. 2. Hunt, S.P., Livesey, R. and Livesey, F.J., “Functional Genomics: A Practical Approach”

Oxford University Press, 2000. 3. Suhai S., “Genomics and Proteomics: Functional and Computational Aspects”, Springer,

2000. 4. Cantor, C.R. and Smith, C.L., “Genomics: The Science and Technology Behind the

Human Genome Project”, Wiley and Sons, 1999.

BT1012 – MOLECULAR MODELING AND DRUG DESIGN L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO CLASSICAL MECHANICS 9 Newtons laws of motion – Time intervals – Algorithms. UNIT II INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL MECHANICS 9 Boltzman’s Equation – Ensembles – Distribution law for non-interacting molecules – Statistical mechanics of fluids. UNIT III QUANTUM MECHNICS 9 Photoelectric effect – De Broglies hypothesis – Uncertainty principle – Schrodingers time independent equation – Particle on a one-dimensional box. UNIT IV GROMOS, GROMACS, AMBER and DOCK 9 Energy mitigation, application of fourier transformer – Force fields – Principal components analysis –RMSD calculation – Application – Dynamics of molecules – Concepts of paralyzing work. UNIT V GAUSSIAN 98 9 Methods – Basic sets – Model chemistrix – Inputs – Outputs – Uses.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Hinchliffe, A., “Molecular Modeling for Beginners” John Wiley and Sons, 2003. 2. Larsen, P.K. and Liljefors, T., “Textbook of Drug Design and Discovery”, 3rd Edition,

CRC Press, 2002. REFERENCES 1. Holtje, H.D., Wolfgang, S., Folkers, G. and Rognan, D., “Molecular Modeling: Basic

Principles and Applications”, 2nd Edition, Wiley-VCH, 2003. 2. Flower, D.R., “Drug Design: Cutting Edge Approaches”, 2nd Edition, Royal Society of

Chemistry, 2002. 3. Cohen N.C., “Guide Book on Molecular Modeling in Drug Design”, Academic Press,

1996.

ELECTIVES IV

BT1013 – CANCER BIOLOGY L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I FUNDAMENTALS OF CANCER BIOLOGY 9 Regulation of cell cycle – Mutations that cause changes in signal molecules – Effect on receptor – Signal switches – Tumor suppressor genes – Modulation of cell cycle in cancer – Different forms of cancers, diet and cancer – Cancer screening and early detection – Detection using biochemical assays – Tumor markers – Molecular tools for early diagnosis of cancer. UNIT II PRINCIPLES OF CARCINOGENESIS 9 Theory of carcinogenesis – Chemical carcinogenesis – Metabolism of carcinogenesis – X-ray radiation – Mechanism of radiation carcinogenesis. UNIT III PRINCIPLES OF MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY OF CANCER 9 Signal targets and cancer – Activation of kinases – Oncogenes – Identification of oncogenes – Retroviruses and oncogenes – Detection of oncogenes – Oncogenes/proto oncogene activity – Growth factors related to transformation – Telomerases. UNIT IV PRINCIPLES OF CANCER METASTASIS 9 Clinical significances of invasion – Heterogeneity of metastatic phenotype – Metastatic phenotype – Metastatic cascade – Basement membrane disruption – Three step theory of invasion – Proteinases and tumor cell invasion. UNIT V NEW MOLECULES FOR CANCER THERAPY 9 Different forms of therapy – Chemotherapy – Radiation therapy – Detection of cancers – Prediction of aggressiveness of cancer – Advances in cancer detection – Use of signal targets towards therapy of cancer.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Weinberg, R.A., “The Biology of Cancer”, Garland Science, 2007. 2. Pelengaris, S. and Khan, M., “The Molecular Biology of Cancer”, Blackwell Publishing,

2006. REFERENCES 1. Macdonald, F. and Ford, C.H.J., “Molecular Biology of Cancer”, BIOS Scientific

Publication, 1997. 2. King, R.J.B., “Cancer Biology”, Addison Wesley Longman, 1996. 3. Ruddon, R. W., “Cancer Biology”, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 1995.

BT1014 – CRYOPRESERVATION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I PRINCIPLES OF LARGE SCALE CRYOPRESERVATION 9 Principles in the freezing and thawing of cells – Intracellular ice formation – Freeze thaw phenomena – Cryoconcentration effects – Osmotic effects – Cell concentration effects – Cell damage by mechanical stress and freeze thaw cycles – Physicochemical phenomena of the freezing process – Estimate and analysis of freezing and melting process. UNIT II LARGE SCALE FREEZING AND THAWING 9 Freezing – Thermodynamics of protein cold denaturation – Denitritic ice growth – Concentration phenomena – Interaction of solutes with ice liquid interface – Media used in bioseparations – Operational considerations of purification methods – Systems validation – Media validation – Cleaning validation. UNIT III LYOPHILIZATION OF PROTEIN PHARMACEUTICALS 9 The freeze drying cycle – Optimization of formulations, freezing step, primary and secondary drying – Functional limitations of lyophilizers – Acute stabilization of proteins during freezing and drying – Optimizing formulations for long term storage stability. UNIT IV CRYOPRESERVATION OF MAMMALIAN CELLS AND

MICROORGANISMS 9 Procedures for the preservation of mammalian cells – Cryoprotectant additives – Preparing cells to freeze – Cooling – Recovery – Procedures for the preservation of bacteria and virus infected cells – Safety issues. UNIT V CRYO PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES 9 Overview of cryopreservation techniques – Deep freeze – Lyophilization – Biological cooling system – Germplasm storage – Packaging of biological materials.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Avis, K.E. and Wagner, C.M., “Cryopreservation: Applications in Pharmaceuticals and

Biotechnology”, Informa Health Care, 1999. 2. Avis K.E. and Wu V.L., “Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing,

Processing and Preservation”, CRC Press, 1996 REFERENCES 1. Day, J.G. and Stacey, G.N., “Cryopreservation and Freeze-Drying Protocols”, 2nd

Edition, Humana Press, 2007. 2. Arora, C.P., “Refrigeration and Air-conditioning”, 2nd Edition, Tata McGraw Hill,

2000. 3. Bajaj, Y.P.S., “Cryopreservation of Germplasm I”, Birkhauser, 1995.

BT1015 – BIOSENSORS AND TRANSDUCERS L T P C 3 0 0 3

UNIT I BIOLOGICAL SENSORS 9 Study of biological sensors in the human body and their basic mechanism action organization of nervous system – Neuronal mechanism and circuit processing – Study of various corpuscles like pacinian – Functions and modeling – Chemoreceptors – Hot and cold receptors – Barro receptors – Sensors for smell, sound, vision, osmolality and taste. UNIT II CHEMICAL TRANSDUCERS 9 Chemical transducers – Transducers for the measurement of ions and dissolved gases – Reference electrodes – Hydrogen electrodes – Silver-silver chloride electrodes – Calomel electrodes – Measurement of pH – Glass pH electrodes – Measurement of pO2 – Measurement of pCO2 – Catheter type electrodes for the measurement of pO2 and pCO2. UNIT III BIOSENSORS 9 Biosensors – Ion exchange membrane electrodes – Oxygen electrodes – CO2 electrodes enzyme electrode – Construction – ISFET for glucose and urea – Electrolytic sensors – Optical sensor – Fiber optic sensors. UNIT IV TRANSDUCTION PRINCIPLES 9 Different Transduction principles – Temperature transducers – Thermo resistive transducers, thermoelectric, p-n junction, chemical thermometry – Displacement transducers – Potentiometer – Resistive strain gauges – Inductive displacement – Capacitive displacement transducer – Pressure transducer – Indirect method – Measurement of blood pressure using sphygmomanometer – Instrument based on Korotkof sound, strain gauge and LVDT transducers – Capacitive and piezo electric type, catheter tip transducers – Measurement of intracranial pressure – Catheter tip – Implantable type. UNIT V TRANSDUCER MEASUREMENT 9 Flow measurement transducer – Electromagnetic flow meters and ultrasonic blood flow meters – Fibre optic flow transducers and transducers for light – Electrodes for ECG, EEG, EMG – Electrolyte interface – Electrode potential – Electrode impedence – Surface electrodes – Subdermal electrodes – Micro electrodes.

Total: 45 TEXT BOOKS 1. Cooper, J. and Cass, A.E.G., “Biosensors”, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, 2004. 2. Wise, D. L., “Applied Biosensors”, Butterworth, 1989. REFERENCES 1. Khandpur, R.S., “Handbook of Biomedical Instrumentation” Tata McGraw Hill, 2001. 2. Kress-Rogers, E., “Handbook of Biosensors and Electronic Noses: Medicine, Food, and

the Environment”, CRC Press, 1997 3. Cobbold, R.S.C., “Transducers for Biomedical Instruments”, Prentice Hall, 1986.

BT1016 – TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT

L T P C3 0 0 3

UNIT I OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT 9 Concept and meaning of technology – Evolution and growth of technology – Role and significance of technology management – Impact of technology on society and business – Forms of technology – Process technology and product technology. UNIT II COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES THROUGH NEW TECHNOLOGIES 9 Product development from scientific breakthrough to marketable product – Role of government in technology development – Linkage between technology, development and competition – Managing research and development (RandD) – Managing intellectual property. UNIT III TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING 9 Exploratory: Intuitive – Extrapolation – Growth curves – Technology monitoring – Normative: Relevance tree – Morphological analysis – Mission flow diagram. UNIT IV TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT 9 Technology choice – Technological leadership and followership – Technology acquisition – Meaning of innovation and creativity – Innovation management. UNIT V TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY AND TRANSFER MANAGEMENT 9 Concept, types, key principles, framework for formulating technology strategy – Technology forecasting: Techniques and application – Technology transfer management: Technology transfer process – Outsourcing strategic issues – Joint ventures and technology sourcing.

Total: 45

TEXT BOOKS 1. Betz, F., “Strategic Technology Management”, 2nd Edition, Imperial College Press,

2003. 2. Tarek, M.K., “Management of Technology”, 1st Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1999. REFERENCES 1. Burgelman, R.A., Christensen, C. M. and Wheelwright, S. C., “Strategic Management of

Technology and Innovation”, McGraw-Hill, 2008. 2. Narayanan, V.K., “Managing Technology and Innovation for Competitive Advantage”,

Prentice-Hall, 2001. 3. Gehani, R.R., “Management of Technology and Operations”, John Wiley and Sons,

1998. 4. Gaynor, G.H., “Handbook of Technology Management”, Vol.49, McGraw-Hill, 1996.

r 2008 Biotechnology Syllabus

Documents

subject elective

engineering elective

molecular biology laboratory

fourier transforms

biotechnology elective

t p c semester viiis

t p c semester ivs

t p c semester viis