Quid Novi

QQUUIIDD NNOOVVIIMcGill University, Faculty of LawVolume 28, no. 20, March 18, 2008

Women& theLaw

IN THIS ISSUE...

3... Yes, You are GoodEnough

4....Lawmericks:Generation XX

6...Silly and Not-so-Silly Laws aboutWomen

8...Has the Rule ofLaw Become Synony-mous with Cruel andUnusual Punish-ment?

9...Justice SarahPepall

9...Lawmericks: TheNext Generation

10... Excerpts fromThe diary of a Metic-ulous Man (in whichhis gradual decline isdocumented)

11...Lyrics from MonaLisa Skit

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Les opinions exprimées sont propres aux auteurs et ne réflètent pas nécessairement celles de l’équipe du Quid Novi.

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QUID NOVI

3661 Peel StreetMontréal, Québec

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Editors in ChiefCassandra Brown

Andrea Gorys

Managing EditorsRaffaela Commodari

Matt Maloley

Layout EditorsAlison Adam

Sandrina AntohiAlicia DepraeterJohn LofrancoMartin Rioux

Associate EditorsBruce Carlini

Jake Hirsch-AllenMaha Hussain

Ali KhanIlia K

Thomas LiptonKristin McHale

Julien MorissettePalma Paciocco

Colin Schulhauser

Staff WritersNick Dodd

Ilan GabizonRyan KirshenblattMathieu Kissin

Web EditorOwen Ripley

EDITORIALby Cassandra BrownCo-Editor-in-Chief

Two years ago, at theUnited Nations Con-vention on the Status

of Women in New York, I at-tended a session on moti-vating women to run forpolitical offices. Kitty Pil-grim, the CNN BusinessNews Correspondent,opened the panel with somepositive comments on theincreasing presence ofwomen in Congress and theSenate. “When I see awoman walking across thefloor these days”, she joked,“I’m checking out what de-signer she’s wearing, in-stead of just finding itremarkable that she’s awoman and she’s there [asan elected member of theSenate or of Congress]”. Asshe recited this line Kittylooked directly at me andsmiled warmly as if to say,“Maybe I’m talking aboutyou in 20 years”. I immedi-

ately beamed back at her,giving my best “Whoknows? Maybe you are”smile. In the split secondbefore my political incorrect-ness radar went off (you’renot supposed to say thatthe first thing you judge awoman by is her clothing,are you!?) I truly believedthat she could be talkingabout me - it was a con-crete, real-life possibility,not a far-off, unrealizabledream. Well, except for thewhole Congress and USSenate thing - my instinctstell me that they don’t letCanadian citizens get thosepositions yet.

It is true that law and poli-tics aren’t entirely synony-mous when it comes to thechallenges faced by women,but they are close in many

[See Editorial, p. 4]

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Erratum: Last week the Quid mistakenly at-tributed the article “Law in Cambodia: Gettingit on our Mnds” to Dustin Milligan. The articlewas actually written by Malcolm Dort. TheQuid apologizes for this error.

MARCH 18, 2008

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We all have our pri-vate bug-bears. Fora lot of women, I

think that self-conscious-ness with personal appear-ance is a big one. And that’sa pity because it distractsand detracts from our otherskills and talents.

I don’t like to air my linen inpublic, but I think it’s impor-tant to share. In the spiritof the Quid’s issue onwomen, I am going to tellyou about my Gorbachevissue. From what I’ve beenhearing in the hallwayslately, I hope this article res-onates with some of you.

A few weeks after I wasborn, I developed a largered birthmark called a hae-mangioma on the left sideof my face. It’s a benignovergrowth of blood vesselsin the skin and while it oftenrecedes on its own accord,in my case it swelled up andleft me legally blind in myleft eye. The swelling andredness eventually recededbut it took several opera-tions and laser treatmentsto remove most of the pig-mentation.

As a child, I resented all thedoctor’s visits and proce-dures but the thing thatbothered me the most wasthat my condition seemedto make strangers think thatthey could comment on myappearance at will. I can’ttell you how many timesI’ve been asked whetherI’ve been in a car accident

or whether my parents werenice to me. I became quitereserved.

The truth is, my parentswere very supportive - andnever treated me speciallybecause of my eye- butthey encouraged me tohave the birthmark re-moved. While Mikhail Gor-bachev may never have lethis birthmark get in the wayof his ambitions, the truth isthat women are oftenjudged on their appearanceto a greater degree thanmen are. I think we allknow that people react dif-ferently to us if they see uswearing snow suits than ifthey see us in businesssuits. When there is a dis-figuration right on yourface, it can be difficult tooverlook.

Today, I’m 25 and prettyhappy with who I am andwhat I look like. But it tookme a long time to get tothis point. I’ve always beenan achiever and I suspectthat part of the reason thatI got heavily involved in ath-letics, art and academicswhile in school was becauseI was convinced I was anugly duckling and decidedto develop myself in otherways. In retrospect, I amthankful for my birthmarkbecause I think it’s givenme some sensitivity and un-derstanding that I may haveneglected otherwise.

We come to law school withdifferent expectations and

past experiences. We maycope differently with chal-lenges- but from what I’veseen in nearly three yearshere, there is a lot of emo-tional insecurity and distressamong even the most high-achieving women at theFaculty. I’ve heard a lot of(and even said to myself attimes): “What if I don’t gethired? She’s so much pret-tier, smarter, sexier, thinner,fun etc. than I am.” Thesethoughts aren’t helpful andall I want to share in this ar-ticle is that I am convincedthat we all have somethingworthwhile to offer and it’smore important to concen-trate on that than whetherour eyebrows are ugly ornot.

Whatever your hang-up, it’sbest to let it go. As RichardTemplar makes clear in hisbook, The Rules of Life, theimportant thing is to acceptyourself and know who youare:

That means accepting allthe warts and emotional

lumps and bumps, the badbits, the weaknesses andthe rest of it. This doesn’tmean that we have to behappy with everythingabout ourselves or that weare going to be lazy andlead a bad life. We aregoing to accept the way weare, initially, and then buildon that. What we are NOTgoing to do is beat our-selves up because we don’tlike some bits.

Frankly, comparing yourselfto other people can erodeyour own sense of yourselfbecause you only see thebest of what other peoplehave to offer while youknow the whole story aboutyourself. I prefer to laughat my follies and concen-trate on what counts. Ihope that as we embark onour careers and adult lives,we are content with ourown stories and don’t letpast experiences hold usback. The peculiar bits inlife help to keep it satisfy-ing.

YES, YOU ARE GOOD ENOUGH…OR HOWTO GET OVER UGLY DUCKLING SYNDROME

by Natalie Haras (LAW III)

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[Editorial, contd. from p.2]

respects. As a law stu-dent,I am vaguely aware ofmy status as a woman,in that disconnected waythat a person knows heis a part of a groupwhich has historicallybeen called disadvan-taged, but who at thesame time does notknow what it is like tofeel personally disadvan-taged because of mem-bership in that group. Ihave never felt self-con-scious or out of placewalking into a room fullof lawyers or law stu-dents because of my

gender; in my mindthere are only lawyers orstudents in that room,not men, not “old boys”,not future husbands.Kitty’s comment de-scribes my subjective re-ality. I believe that ifanyone standing in sucha room were to see mewalking in, he or shewould be noticing mysuit, my hair, my hand-bag - but not the factthat I am a woman per-say.

Reading Natalie’s article[Good Enough, p 4], Irealized that the veryperception that I hadtaken for granted as thenorm is not the percep-tion of many women in

our faculty. I agree withher that women arejudged more than menon their appearance -that goes for law, politicsand even dentistry- butthat abstract belief neverled me to feel personallydiscriminated against.Natalie’s perspective andadvice is useful not onlyfor those of us who arestill seeking jobs, but forall women who are en-tering professional fieldsand, like the perfection-ists that many of themare, subjectively per-ceive that they do notmeetthe exceptionallyhigh standard that theyset for themselves.

Other short articles and

points of informationabout women are pep-pered throughout thisissue, including one onsome of the silliest gen-der-based laws that Icould find in a shortGoogle-based survey ofthe web. On a more se-rious note, it also men-tions the un-funny sideof archaic laws that dis-criminate againstwomen.

I hope you enjoy thisissue. Don’t forget thatthere are only threeQuids left this year, sothe time to submit thatlast article you’ve beenwanting to write isnow...

Guy and girl walk into a bar.They both say, “I’m a student of law.”

Like a magnet, the guyAttracts, but – don’t know why –

The girl just seems to repel.

LAWMERICKS: GENERATION XXby Stephanie Jones (LAW III)

20 MARS 2008

5

The Canadian Constitution Club de la constitution canadienne(CCC)

présente…

L’Acte sur la clarté : une discussion

The Clarity Act : A Discussion

Venez nous joindre à Thomson House pour débattre cette loi fédérale quidonne à la Chambre des communes le pouvoir absolu de décider les ter-mes du débat de la sécession possible du Québec. The law, passed in2000 by the Liberal Party, lets the federal government determine whatconstitutes a clear majority and a clear question in a referendum. Doesthis accurately reflect the principles of Canadian democracy outlined in

the Quebec Secession Reference?

Professor(s) from the Faculty will answer your questions and participatein the discussion.

Jeudi le 27 mars 2008Thursday, March 27, 2008Time : late afternoon (TBD)

For more information, email [email protected].

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Well, LOL. Did youknow that theselaws are still on the

books?

In Florida, unmarriedwomen who parachute on aSunday could be jailed.

In Vermont, women mustobtain written permissionfrom their husbands to wearfalse teeth.

In Logan County, Colorado,USA, it is still illegal to kiss awoman while she is asleep.

In St. Louis, Missouri, USA,it is illegal for firemen torescue women who are stillin their nightdresses.

In Oxford, Ohio, USA, it isstill illegal for a woman toundress in front of a pictureof a man.

In Minnesota, USA, it is stillagainst the law to hangmale and female underweartogether on the same wash-ing line.

A Michigan State law stipu-lates that a woman's hairlegally belongs to her hus-band.

In Dyersburg, it is illegal fora woman to call a man for adate.

In Memphis, it is illegal for awoman to drive by herself;"a man must walk or run infront of the vehicle, wavinga red flag in order to warnapproaching pedestriansand motorists."

Funny and harmlessenough, right? As much asI thought so too, there are

some heinously outdatedlaws that are not so funny,especially to the womenwho are subject to them ifthey are enforced. Wehave all heard the oneabout the legality of wife-beating in random USstates, subject to suchridiculous limitations as “nomore than once per month”.It would probably be in badtaste to call it “funny”, butat least it is not a prevailingsocietally accepted norm.

How about this one? Ap-parently in Afghanistan theTaliban militia bannedwomen from wearing whitesocks just in case men findthem attractive. The policealso ordered windows to bepainted black to stopwomen being seen from theoutside.

In fact, just one week agoUnited Nations HumanRights Commissioner LouiseArbour said that women suf-fer legal discrimination in al-most every country in theworld.

In a speech for Interna-tional Womens Day, March8, she stated that, "it isshameful that, in the 60thanniversary year of the Uni-versal Declaration of HumanRights, fundamental rightsare still not enjoyed bymany women around theworld."

The forms of discriminationare multifarious, from legalrestrictions on property to alack of recognition of sexualabuse and rape, Arboursaid.

In some countries, marriedwomen are forbidden tokeep their own names, andhave no right to own land orinherit property.

"In other countries,(women's) educational andemployment prospects areheavily circumscribed, andthey cannot hold public of-fice," she said.

Arbour noted that 53 coun-tries still do not outlaw rapewithin marriage, and otherlaws against rape and sex-ual assault are not properlyenforced.

I like jokes about silly lawsas much as anyone else -but they are only silly be-cause they are no longeractually harmful to equality.I can only hope that as timegoes on, more and more ofthe grossly unfunny in-stances of legal discrimina-tion against women will beremoved.

FAMOUS CANADIAN (FEMALE)FIRSTS

HELEN ALICE KINNEAR . Born Cayuga, Ontario May 6, 1894. She graduated and wascalled to the Ontario bar, to become a lawyer, in 1920. She practiced law in Port Col-borne, Ontario until 1943, when she was appointed county-court judge for HaldimandCounty. In 1947 she was appointed judge of the Juvenile Court. She was the FIRST

WOMAN IN THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH TO BE NAMED A KINGS COUNSEL and the FIRST IN

THE COMMONWEALTH APPOINTED TO A COUNTY-COURT BENCH and the FIRST LAWYER IN

CANADA TO APPEAR AS COUNSEL BEFORE THE SUPREME COURT IN CANADA IN 1935. In 1993the Canadian Post Office issued a commemorative stamp to honour the achievements

of this woman Lawyer.

MARION IRONQUIL MEADMORE was appointed to the Manitoba Bar and is the FIRST ABO-RIGINAL CANADIAN WOMAN LAWYER

SILLY AND NOT-SO-SILLYLAWS ABOUT WOMEN

by Quid Staff

MARCH 20, 2008

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It’s all Obiter, Baby!Friday, April 11th, 2008

Hotel Omni Mont-Royal1050 Sherbrooke St. W.

Cocktails 7pm-9pmDancing 9pm-2am

Questions? E-Mail [email protected]

Tickets $55.00

On sale as of March 18th

Join us for:

Dress: Semi-Formal

Come out and celebrate your remarkable achievement…We promise an evening of elegance, class and entertainment!

Many thanks to the Dean’s Discretionary Fund for its generous contribution

Graduation Ball2008

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Last week the AmericanPresident Bush signedhis ninth veto in eight

years.

This may seem like a com-mendable exercise in re-straint of executive power;however it was significantlyhis eighth veto in the last 10months of an opposition-controlled Congress. Theveto sought to strike downlegislative efforts to pass abill that would legally limitthe “interrogation” tactics ofthe Central IntelligenceAgency to the more moder-ate approaches specified ina military field manual. Themanual prohibits army inter-rogators from using tactics

identified as unusually phys-ically harsh, such as water-boarding. This particulartechnique consists of simu-lating drowning by pouringwater into a prisoner’s noseand mouth until they cannotbreathe and has recentlybeen the object of politicalcontroversy. After years ofdenial, high-ranking repre-sentatives of the C.I.A. elitehave admitted to the use ofwaterboarding in the inter-rogation of enemy combat-ants.

Until recently, a Canadianbriefing document meant totrain diplomats to recognizesigns of torture in expatriatedetainees listed the United

States as a possible site oftorture. Upon the media’srecognition of this docu-ment and ensuing indigna-tion by American officials, itwas publicly dismissed byForeign Affairs ministerMaxime Bernier as irrelevantto official governmental pol-icy. Immediately and rightlyso, there was a containedbut furious uproar at thehypocrisy of the Canadiangovernment in the now-fa-miliar case of Omar Khadr.Khadr is a Canadian citizenwho was arrested inAfghanistan as a teenageron largely unproven terror-ism-related charges and hasbeen detained in the U.S.’sinfamous Guantanamo Bayfacility for over five years.The Canadian Foreign Af-fairs document identifiedGuantanamo as one of themost notorious locations ofcruel interrogation tech-niques, such as forced nu-dity, isolation, and sleepdeprivation. The chorus ofcriticism of the Canadiangovernment’s compliancewith the U.S.’s detainmentand questionable treatmentof Khadr has been met bysilence.

This raises a necessaryquestion of the fortitude ofthe legal struggle againsttorture. The vital precedentsof the Geneva Conventionand the Universal Declara-tion of Human Rights pro-vide fundamental doctrines

to tame the beast of militaryabuse, but they have be-come increasingly irrelevantin the age of contemporaryterrorism. It is startlinglyapparent that in the post-9/11 epoch, purposefulrhetoric honouring ideals ofhuman rights have becomejust that: rhetoric. To whatextent will the US andCanadian governments ig-nore legitimate external andinternal dissent to torture asa tool of international jus-tice? The answer is frighten-ing to conjecture.

Can it be that the rule oflaw in the most stabledemocracies in the worldhas become synonymouswith a tacit acceptance ofinstitutionalized torturewhen it is inflicted on thosewho are perceived as alien?It is an all-too-common oc-currence that democraticallyelected leaders are able tobrazenly undermine thevery principles that they citeto rationalize their humanrights violations. Yes, weare not subject to a repres-sive police state and weshould maintain apprecia-tion for our relatively ten-able level of freedom.However, as students whoare not bound by politicalobligations, bureaucraticloyalties or the scrutiny ofthe press, it is crucial thatwe cast a critical eye on in-humane interrogationsbeing justified by the so-called preservation of secu-rity.

Sources:BBC News, Al Jazeera, TheHuffington Post, The NewYork Times

HAS THE RULE OF LAWBECOME SYNONYMOUS WITH

CRUEL AND UNUSUAL

PUNISHMENT? by Sarah Flatto (LAW I)

18 MARS 2008

9

I.

“Ibid.” or “see ibid.”1 – votes?Italicize or put in quotes?I know my arguments

Might not make too much sense,But o, I have lovely footnotes!

1 See McGill Law Journal, Canadian Guide to Uniform Legal Citation, 6th ed. (Toronto: Thomson Car-swell, 2006) at E-5, E-9.

II.

Je n’ m’intéresse pas ni au Barreau,Ni aux cabinets de Toronto.Tu me demandes pourquoi

Je deviens avocat?So that I can sign passport photos!

LAWMERICKS: THE NEXT GENERATIONby Stephanie Jones (LAW III)

It isn’t hard to find inspir-ing stories about womenand their legal careers.

However, when I received asuggestion from Professorde Mestral to write a storyabout Justice Sarah Pepall Ilooked her up. I like tothink that professors arepretty well-placed to identifyinspiring examples of legalprofessionals.

Sarah Pepall graduated fromthe McGill faculty of law in1976. I tried to find her onher year’s composite, butunfortunately, it must be ei-ther no longer displayed orvery well hidden. She was

called to the Ontario Bar in1978, and in 1983 obtainedan LL.M in public law fromOsgoode Hall Law School. From 1981 on, Pepall prac-tised law with McMillanBinch, primarily in the fieldsof civil and commercial liti-gation.

Quite significantly, she alsoserved as the firm’s manag-ing partner – the firstwoman of a major Canadianlaw firm to do so. Whileholding this position, SarahPepall was also involved innumerous community activi-ties. She held the positionof Chair of the Multiple Scle-

rosis Society of Canada, aswell as member of theBoard of Directors of theAdvocates’ Society andmember of the Dickson Cir-cle. She has lectured on avariety of topics includingcivil procedure, trial advo-cacy and constitutional law.

In 1999, Sarah E. Pepallwas appointed a judge ofthe Superior Court of Justice(Ontario) in Toronto. Underher leadership, the newgeneration of Toronto’s in-solvency bar has developeda reputation for more even-handed, administrative ap-proaches to cases thatdemonstrate sound judg-ment in commercial mat-ters. She has continued tobe active in the community,regularly attending confer-ences, such as that hostedby the Ontario Bar Associa-tion, as a speaker. Some of

her recent high profile casesinclude the receivership ofprominent Toronto devel-oper Harry Stinson in hisdispute with David Mirvish,the receivorship/ bitter fam-ily dispute of the WaxmanBrothers’ iconic scrap metalbusiness, and the SunriseREIT case on standstillagreements.

On Bebruary 25, 2008 theFinancial Post reported a“trend” in the appointmentof women as managingpartners of Canadian lawfirms, citing Lisa Borsook ofWeir Foulds LLP and JerriCairns of Parlee McLaws’ re-cent ascensions. MadamJustice Sarah Pepall wastruly ahead of her time,having already been retiredfrom that position for nearlynine years at the time ofthe article.

JUSTICE SARAHPEPALLby Cassandra Brown (LAW III)

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May 3

Awoke one full minutebefore my alarm'ssonorous ring again

today. I must remember toadjust the machine, or elsewhat is the point of owningone? Perhaps I'll rid myselfof it altogether.

When brushing my teeth, Inoted the sensation of irre-proachable cleanliness comeover my molars right onqueue (the rest of my teethlagged, but quite impercep-tibly). It took, however, onemore rinse than usual to ridmyself of the foam. Could itbe the new toothpaste? Iam already regretting thepurchase.

The rest of my day wasquite uneventful. My rou-tine was briefly interruptedby the packing of my be-longings. I decided tomove, as the man down thestreet had reported a cock-roach infestation. One cannever be too careful.

May 28

Couldn't find my slipperstoday. I searched fruitlesslyfor a full hour withoutpause, assuming the worst.It turned out I don't ownany slippers. Fortunately, Iwas alone at the time.What if M. had seen me?

June 7

Attempted, unsolicited, tohelp my new neighbour or-ganize his front porch today.The police had to be called,details to follow.

June 10

The ungrateful lout is takingme to court. Apparently,my benevolent gesture,through which I sought tocorrect objective errors intaste and judgment, wasperceived as a particularlynoxious form of hooligan-ism. I wonder if any jury inthe country will share hisviews on proper ornamenta-tion? Impossible. Show metwelve men willing to un-leash the awesome powerof the state on a man whoemancipated his street froma neon beer sign, three ill-matched and dilapidatedlawn chairs, and a card-board cut-out of somescantily clad Jezebel!Sanchez, my realtor, sendsflowers and regards.

July 19

Fired my lawyer this after-noon. He tried to get me toplead insanity. This matteris weighing heavily on mymind, despite my best ef-forts to remain calm. Un-able to face my neighbor,I've allowed a patch of crabgrass to sprout on my lawn.My mouth feels like cotton,I often have difficulty

breathing, and I think I mayhave heart palpitations.

July 20

After a lengthy wait in ahospital emergency room, itturns out I have a healthyheart. I am, however,marred by anxiety, and ath-lete's foot. Sanchez, who isnow also my lawyer, seesgrounds for a countersuit.But can I handle anotherounce of stress? Not if thatcrabgrass spreads anotherinch.

August 30

The bubble burst today. Inmy haste to retain Sanchez,I did not bother to investi-gate his credentials. Turnsout there were none tospeak of – neither in lawnor real estate – and nowhe has fled the country withmy money and foot cream(he contracted my infectionsomehow – a charmingstory for another time). Tomake matters worse, thehouse he claimed to sell mebelongs to a young Koreanfamily who had been out oftown. They are now, in nouncertain terms, demandingthat I leave their home. Allthis because I offered tohelp one man, and thentrusted another.

EXCERPTS FROM THE DIARY OF AMETICULOUS MAN (IN WHICH HIS

GRADUAL DECLINE IS DOCUMENTED)by Stefan Spajda (LAW I)

FAMOUS CANADIAN(FEMALE) FIRSTS

Clara Brett Martin. Born Toronto, Ontario circa 1874.Died October 30, 1923. After receiving an honours BAfrom Trinity College in Toronto in 1888, The Law Society

of Upper Canada refused to accept her as a student.Enlisting the help of notable and forceful people of theday, including, Dr Emily Stowe, Ontario Premier OliverMowat and Lady Aberdeen, to force legislation that

would allow women as barristers. In 1897 she becamethe first woman lawyer in the British Empire.

Even though she was licensed she did not often entercourt. Her presence in the court room caused too muchof a ruckus. It would not be until the middle of the cen-tury that women would be able to comfortably repre-

sent their profession in the courts.

“Mona Lisa” Lyrics by Jay Livingstone, 1950

Mona Lisa, Mona Lisa, menhave named youYou’re so like the lady with themystic smileIs it only ‘cause you’re lonelythey have blamed you? For that Mona Lisa strangenessin your smile?Do you smile to tempt a lover,Mona Lisa? Or is this your way to hide abroken heart? Many dreams have beenbrought to your doorstepThey just lie there and they diethereAre you warm, are you real,Mona Lisa? Or just a cold and lonely lovelywork of art?

“Dean Kasirer”Lyrics by Francie Gow, 2007

Dean Kasirer, Dean Kasirer, wehave named youFor though you’re an academic,you’ve got styleWhat became of those redspecs that so became you?Oh, their metrosexual suave-ness drove us wild!When you smile to tempt adonor, Dean KasirerIs it genuine or d’you just playthe part?Applications are brought toyour doorstepMost just lie there, and they diethereDo you live for our school,Dean Kasirer?Or would you rather be collect-ing lovely works of art?

Photo credit: Lysanne Larose

MARCH 20, 2008

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LYRICS FROM MONA LISA SKITby Francie Gow (ALUM I)

The Quid is now accepting ap-plications for the followingpositions (2008-2009):

Editor in Chief

The position can be split betweentwo people to accomodate ex-

changes, moots, etc. Please senda brief note indicating your inten-

tion to apply [email protected] by Thursday,

March 27.

FAMOUS CANADIAN(FEMALE) FIRSTS

Annie Caroline Macdonald. Born Wingham, OntarioOctober 15, 1874. Died July 17, 1931. She graduated inmathematics from the University of Toronto in 1901.

She would turn to on of the opening professions for re-spectable young ladies of the day. She became one ofthe first professional secretaries of the Young WomensChristian Association (YWCA). By 1904 she was on herway to Japan to establish the YWCA in that country.

She became immersed in her new job and new home.She became fluent in the Japanese language and be-came a staunch advocate of penal reform in Japan.

Among other things she established a settlement housein the city of Tokyo to provide support services for fami-lies of prison inmates, ex-prisoners and juvenile delin-quents. In 1924 her social work was recognized by theEmperor of Japan. In 1925 she returned to Canada andwas the first woman to receive an LLD (Doctor of

Law) from the University of Toronto.

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