Quick Write What is a revolution? List four historical examples of revolutions.

The Age of Enlightenment Enlightenment- 2 Types religious or spiritual enlightenment intellectual enlightenment.

The eighteenth century is the Age of Enlightenment. The Enlightenment popularizes the ideas developed during the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment is basically the view or belief that modern science and our understanding of the social world derived from modern science can help us to improve the living conditions on this planet. War, poverty, and injustice are not God-given punishments for our sinfulness but bad management. Oppressive governments can be reformed or overthrown. Social inequality can be alleviated and, maybe, overcome. Disease is not to be accepted stoically but to be fought with new medicines. Poverty can be reduced through the productivity of new inventions and technologies. Ignorance can be overcome through universal public education. Human societies are perfectible if only we have the will and use our scientific knowledge to plan and socially engineer for a better future. There is no limit to what human reason and ingenuity can achieve.

Enlightenment Philosophers

Thomas Hobbes Without government life would be, solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short. Wrote Leviathan People Naturally Wicked Needed to give up rights to government Gain Protection in Return Idea of Social Contract 1588-1679

Baron de Montesquieu Separation of Powers Inspired by English separation of powers Idea to Prevent tyranny Became Checks and Balances in America (1689-1755)

Jean Jacques Rousseau Majority Rule 1762 Wrote The Social Contract The people have the right to determine how they should be governed. Individual should be subordinate to the community. 1712-1778

John Locke Rejected Absolute Monarchy Natural Rights: Life, Liberty, and Property Where have you seen this before? Derive its power from the people it governed 1632-1704

Voltaire (16941778) promoted freedom of thought Speech religion. Opposed religious persecution

William Blackstone (10 July 1723 14 February 1780) was an English judge,Englishjudge jurist and professor who produced the historical and analytic jurist treatise on the common law entitled Commentaries on the Laws of Englandcommon lawCommentaries on the Laws of England The purpose of human law is to command what is right, prohibiting what is wrong. Human law not gods declares right and wrong Human laws most effectual tool for producing right conduct and preventing wrong conduct is sanctions punishment. There are three primary personal rights: Personal security Personal liberty Right of private property

Interpret these quotes: think pair share The natural liberty of man is to be free from any superior power on earth, and not to be under the will or legislative authority of man, but to have only the law of nature for his rule. Locke, John. The Second Treatise of Civil Government. 1690. The tyranny of a prince in an oligarchy is not so dangerous to the public welfare as the apathy of a citizen in a democracy. Baron de Montesquieu (1689 - 1755)

Those who can make you believe absurdities can make you commit atrocities. - Voltaire They that are discontented under monarchy call it tyranny, and they that are displeased with aristocracy call it oligarchy; so also, they which find themselves grieved under a democracy call it anarchy. - Thomas Hobbes.

Influenced a number of Documents Declaration of Independence, July 1776 The U.S. Constitution The French Revolution and The Declaration of Rights of Man The Haitian Independence Movement in 1791 Latin American Wars for Independence in Mexico, Bolivia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Peru during the Early 1800s

Write the philosopher that would most agree with the statement 1. It is important that the president stays separate from congress 2. A person should be able to believe in whatever they choose to 3. People are equal 4. Only the courts can decided a persons guild 5. People are evil 6. Absolute freedom is desirable but can never happen because we must be protected Welcome Back Monday! Explain how the tensions over power and authority led Americas founding fathers to develop a constitutional democracy. (CE.C&G 1.1)

Legos of America Background Info: England is a superpower with the strongest Navy and control of all ocean trade, Mercantilism: A system where the mother country (England) establishes colonies (13 colonies) to use as a trading partner. This way the mother country can increase wealth by having a favorable balance of trade (Exports>Imports) Example: England establishes a colonies in the America so it can have plenty of cotton to make textiles with in its factories. This way it doesnt have to import the cotton from another country. Saves $$

New England Colonies Who came and why: 1620: Pilgrims come over on the Mayflower to found their new church and practice religion freely 1630: Puritans take over pilgrims. Both groups wanted to escape the Church of England. Puritans are so strict they establish a theocracy in Massachusetts, forcing other colonists to leave also in search of religious freedom and tolerance. Climate/Geography: N.E. is cold and the soil is bad for farming. Small pieces of land given to single families Economy: Indentured servants are brought over to work. Manufacturing and trading centers (wealthy and busy harbors like Boston) Shipbuilding

Middle Colonies Who came and why: 1650: Catholics settle in Maryland to practice religion freelythey werent allowed in MA. 1682: Quakers come to Pennsylvania for religious tolerance. Climate/Geography: Soil good for farming wheat, barley & rye Economy: Cottage industries: weaving, shoemaking furniture Bread basket colonies

Southern Colonies Who came and why: 1607 Jamestown, Virginia. Founded by British men hoping to gain land and make $$. Southern colonies were founded by men looking to increase their wealth through agriculture they are called Proprietors Climate/Geography: Fertile Soil, great for Cash Crops (cotton & tobacco) Economy: Plantation System (wealthy families who owned huge pieces of land and slaves) Depended on Slaves to work the plantation Produced the crops/raw materials for the Triangular Trade.

New England Colonies: MA, NH, RI, CT Middle Colonies: NY, NJ, PA, MD, DE Southern Colonies: NC, VA, GA, SC Climate/ geography --bad soil -Cold -Lived close together -good soil -fertile soil -Good temps -Long growing season Economy -Shipbuilding -Use indentured servants -Manufacturing -Trade -Cottage industrie s -Bread basket -plantation system Cash crops Slave labor Why colonies started Religious Freedom -religious freedom - farming Came to make $ through agriculture New England Colonies: MA, NH, RI, CT Middle Colonies: NY, NJ, PA, MD, DE Southern Colonies: NC, VA, GA, SC Climate/ geography --bad soil -Cold -Lived close together -good soil -fertile soil -Good temps -Long growing season Economy -Shipbuilding -Use indentured servants -Manufacturing -Trade -Cottage industries -Bread basket -plantation system Cash crops Slave labor Why colonies started Religious Freedom-religious freedom - farming Came to make $ through agriculture

Pre-Founding Documents

The Magna Carta King John 1215

Magna Carta Signed in June 1215 Barons of Medieval England and King John. Limited Kings Power 1 st limited government

House of Burgesses 1619 first representative assembly in New World Jamestown 1st Self Governance in New World

In 1620 the Pilgrims arrived. Plymouth, Massachusetts Established direct democracy Town Meetings our concept for local government. 1 st Written Government in new world

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 First written Constitution Pilgrims were being persecuted for their religious beliefs. So they moved from Massachusetts to Connecticut Foundations of democracy in America.

Maryland Toleration Act 1649 Maryland Founded by Catholics Protestants start to outnumber Catholics Religious Freedom

Zenger Case The New York Weekly Journal critical of the Governor of NY Zenger the Editor Arrested for Libel Jury ruled in Zengers Favor Establishment of Freedom of Press

Exit Matching 1. Maryland toleration act 2. Zenger case 3. Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 4. Mayflower Compact 5. House of Burgesses 6. Magna Carta 7. Middle Colonies 8. Southern Colonies 9. New England A. Known for fishing and dry rocky soil B. First limited government ever C. First written government in the new world D. Known as the bread basket of the colonies E. First Constitution in the new world F. Freedom of Religion G. Freedom of Press H. First Republic in the new world I. Known for production of cash crops and a long growing season

Lead-up to Revolution Tuesday Warm-Up Objective: Explain how the tensions over power and authority led Americas founding fathers to develop a constitutional democracy. (CE.C&G 1.1) Warm-Up: In your notebook. Explain the meaning of this cartoon and why it was created.

Salutary Neglect Neglect Distance leads to self governance Salutary or healthy neglect Britain lets the Colonies govern themselves Separate Identity

This ended after the French and Indian War Taxes French-Indian War (1754-1769) Increase in taxes to pay for war Stamp Act 1765 Taxes on newspapers and legal docs Quartering Act House and supply British Garrison Restricting Civil Rights

Revolutionary War Timeline! Declaring independence was not a quick decision and most did not want to declare independence. How did the colonies move from being loyal subjects to independent? We will use the timeline and concepts below to chart the growing anger the British crown and parliament Remember No Taxation without Representation Events to use: Proclamation Line of 1763 Stamp Act Intolerable Acts Boston Massacre Boston Tea Party First Continental Congress Second Continental Congress Common Sense Battle of Lexington and Concord Your timeline should include the dates for each event as well as a significance of the event Finally, at the bottom include a response to the following prompt In 3-5 sentences, link your understanding of the Enlightenment thinkers to justification for independence

Theoretical Representation vs. Actual Representation Theoretical Representation- Parliament represents all British Citizens you are British Citizens so you are Represented Actual Representation Sending an elected representative to Parliament No taxation without representation! GIVE ME LIBERTY OR GIVE ME DEATH!

The Colonists Rebel Civil Disobedience Boston Tea Party First Continental Congress Demand Rights Be Restored Battles between British and Colonists in Mass Lexington and Concord Second Continental Congress Manage the Growing War

Declaration of Independence http://www.history.com/ topics/declaration-of- independence http://www.history.com/ topics/declaration-of- independence http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=nrvpZxMfKa U http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=nrvpZxMfKa U

Welcome Back to Class! America the Story of Us: 18:00-30:00 Use the to demonstrate your revolutionary understanding of American Frustrations get itrevolutionary! Objective: Explain how the development of national identity derived from the DOI. (C and E 4.2)

Break Up Letter Role: You are a colonist Audience: King George Format: Break-up letter Topic: using the causes of the Revolution you just learned about tell King George why your relationship isnt working out. Give at least 3 reasons Explain why those reasons are leading you to make this decision You may use some slang but keep it school appropriate. Letter should demonstrate that you understand why the colonist declared independence from Great

Welcome Back to Class! Objective: Explain how the development of national identity derived from the DOI. (C and E 4.2)

Articles of Confederation The first government of the United States Started in1776 with the Continental Congress Approved in 1781.

Americans afraid of strong national gov. (why?) National Government could not collect taxes National Government could wage war (could they pay for it?) The government could also issue money, but the states didnt have to use it. They had their own. Weak on purpose

Gov could divide land won Most land belonged to Indians When 60,000 people lived in a territory, they could apply to become a state. Slavery outlawed runaway slaves were to be returned to their lawful owners. Freedom of religion and trial by jury were guaranteed. The Northwest Ordinance

Money worthless/ No taxes Debt = owing money The biggest problem was that the soldiers who had fought the war, had not been paid, and they were mad. Weaknesses of the Articles

You are going to be looking at a picture in a few seconds? See if you can figure out what is going on in the picture. Look at the picture closely. Describe the people, objects, where the event is happening, and what is happening. (Who, what, where, and objects)

The American Revolution ended in 1783 The money paid to the soldiers who had fought in the Revolution was worthless. Fed. Gov could not raise taxes Farmers unable to pay debts. Shays Rebellion

Farmers taken to court, then into jail, and their land was taken away from them. Most farmers were soldiers of the Revolution In 1786, an armed revolt by farmers against state government Led by Daniel Shays, farmers forcibly prevented courts from meeting Couldnt take anymore land 1787 Governor sent Troops against the rebels Rebels Defeated Shays Rebellion

Shays Rebellion showed the leaders of America that the Articles of Confederation were too weak, and a stronger national government was needed. Results of Shays Rebellion

Quick Write What is a revolution? List four historical examples of revolutions.

Documents

religious persecution

enlightenment philosophers

wrong human laws

right conduct

human reason

purpose of human law

human societies

government life