All power to GEOGRAPHY! Last, but not least ..
Jul 07, 2015
All power to GEOGRAPHY!Last, but not least ..
Read each question very carefully to get the instructions right!(e.g. Describe? Explain? Photo or graph interpretation skills? Going beyond the resource?)
LEAVE NO QUESTION
UNANSWERED!!
They ask you to do a poster?•Needs writing with some development
•Needs helpful illustrations
•A bit of appropriate colour
Advice - leave until last, but get those marks!
They ask you to write a letter?
•Lay it out correctly
•Don’t spend hours agonising over the address!
•What audience? Put the right ‘hat’ on
Potentially useful terminology:
Primary Secondary TertiaryQuaternar
y
Arterial routeways North South divide
Catchment areaLimiting the friction
of distance
Positive / negative multiplier effect
Multiples Central Business District
Export Zones
Social Premium
Sweat shop
Disposable income
Greenfield
sitePedestrianisation
Trade Unions
Death of the high street
Where several marks are available, develop your answer!Don’t rely on brief responses, however flashy ‘export zone’, ‘greenfield site’ or ‘social premium’ may sound.
Make it obvious that you know what you’re talking about and what relevance these ideas have to the question
Be prepared to provide an answer by annotating a map.e.g.
Reasons why this site was chosen for The Mall
If you are asked to describe a location on the map - use
your tools!:Compass points
Scale
Road numbers
Junction number
Built up / non built up (key)
Arterial routeways
Motorway network
Great shoppingvenue near to
meCould I
get a job there?More employment =more taxes = morelocal spending on
sevices More employment =local positive
multiplier effectfor local
businesses
Cheap and easyland to develop- lots of profits
Will put us on themap, and may
increase the CBD’scatchment area too
Easy access off M5 J17.
Large catchment area due to limiting friction of distance, access to motorway network
Greenfield site - no demolition or de-
contamination necessary (cheap to develop)
8km from CBD - land cheaper with distance from
CBD Main arterial routeway from built up city
areas -A4148.Easy access
Near built up areas - customer base AND
prospective employees
Motorway junction / main road location good for delivery
vehiclesRoads less conjested here than
in city centre
Loads of peopleencouraged to
use theircars
Rural habitatsdestroyed
I’ve lost my lovelyview of the fields
Roads round here willget really clogged up
What about ‘death of the
high street’ and itsimpacts?
Simon and Purdeep’s data :No hypothesis or enquiry question
Equal sample sizes (Simon - proof?)
Tax discs - good, safe idea (but info may be out of date?)
10SR field work task
Potential enquiry questions:Which shopping centre has the greater catchment area?
Does the effect of ‘friction of distance’ mean that shopper numbers decline with distance from the shopping centre?
Simon’s presentation:Mapped - good for visual catchment area / distances travelled (visual)
Key - groupings good idea
Groupings uneven X
19+ group not adequate X
Counties not named for comparison with Purdeep’s data X
Density shading not well used X
Not same presentation as Purdeep’s for comparisons X
Purdeep’s presentation:Obviously surveyed 100 tax discs
Clearly shows no. of cars from each county
No visual sense of catchment area / distance travelled at all X
No use of density shading X
Not same presentation as Simon’s for comparison
“Where would you rather shop?”
- would have benefited from a more ‘neutral’ survey location
THE MALL
They said …
“Hurrah” for: •Choice / variety
•Under cover protection from weather
THE MALL
They said …
“Ugh” for: •Lack of public transport
•Distance to travel
•Parking queues
•‘Clone town’ feeling
BROADMEAD
They said …
“Hoorah” for: •Public transport
•Independents
BROADMEAD
They said …“Ugh” for: •Poor parking
•Shop closures (DOHS evidence?)
•Shabby (DOHS evidence?)
•Too many bars / restaurants / mobile phone shops
•Not enough quality shops (DOHS evidence?)
BROADMEAD ‘fight back’
- Pedestrianisation
- Trees
- Seating
- Events advertising
WOW!!
Where were 10SR’s clothes made? (secondary industry)• Scale!
• More south of N/S divide line
• Focus SE Asia (low wages in low wage economies, no trade unions, environmental and social legislation absent or not monitored, government incentives / export zones, some highly skilled / educated (e.g. China)
Where were 10SR’s clothes made? (secondary industry)
So why in UK?• Underwear cost effective
• Designer labels
• Some stores (E.G George at Asda) jumping on current demand for more locally sourced goods
Resource 9 : ‘However, the wealth created by the clothing industry has had little effect on improving the lives of ordinary women workers and their families’
(ie unequal benefits!)
WHY NOT?
• Subsistence wages so little positive multiplier effect
• Wages kept low by lack of trade union power and Government fears that multi national company will go and find somewhere cheaper
• Export Zones so no local taxes paid (incentive for multi national)
• Profits leak back to MEDC HQ
Comparing CONDITIONS: Clothing manufacturing (Lesotho, Bangladesh) and Nokia mobile phone assembly factory:
Photo evidence:
DIFFERENCES?
• Heating / ventilation / air conditioning (pipes and ducts)
• How crowded (how dangerous in case of fire)
• Lighting
• How hi-tech the equipment is
• How automated the processes seem to be (labour or capital intensive?)
• (Text also gives us additional info on ages, abuse, working hours, lack of unions, wages and hours, comfort.)
Comparing CONDITIONS: Clothing manufacturing (Lesotho, Bangladesh) and Nokia mobile phone assembly factory:
SIMILARITIES?
• Both export oriented - pressure to achieve quotas for a multi national
• Both production line (less job satisfaction?)
• Both laid out in rows (isolating workers - not communal)
• Both largely womens’ jobs?
Improve conditions in clothing factories by:OVER THERE
• Allowing trade unions.
• Enforcing ‘Codes of Conduct’
• Multi nationals pay local taxes
• National Minimum wages
• Better legislation about child labour
Improve conditions in clothing factories by:OVER HERE
• Boycotting products (but could be counter productive)
• Making our feelings known by letter writing, petitions etc (threaten multi national with bad publicity)
Our Example of a Product web
Starbucks coffeeCoffee beans – Ethiopia- PRIMARY
Cleaning Centre – Ethiopia
Auction – Ethiopia
Exported from Djibouti
Roasted - Netherlands
Sold in Starbucks - UK
A Consumer Landscape is simply a place where
people shop!
Definition of an ‘extreme environment’:Definition of an Extreme Environment: “Exhibits harsh and challenging environmental conditions such as climate and landscape, far outside the boundaries of what a human can comfortably tolerate”
Greenland and AntarcticaSimilarities:Both land-based
High latitude / below freezing temps
Ice sheets
Coastal areas warmer
Winter darkness / summer daylight
Used for scientific climate change research
Greenland and AntarcticaDifferences:Antarctica - Thicker ice sheets
Antarctica - no indigenous people / permanent residents
Antarctica - more extreme cold (Vostok - coldest recorded temps of less than -85 degrees (higher latitude)
Antarctica - drier (desert)
More inaccessible
Antarctica physical processes:
Basal slippage
Ice shelves / ice bergs
Ventifaction
Ventifacts(Ice streams and glaciers)
Antarctica physical processes:Posh A*words
Eolian transport
Abrasion erosion
Saltation
Prevailing katabatic winds
If you are asked about:
Depends on Antarctic Treaty future
AND
Depends on Global Warming
Mass tourism?
Mineral exploitation?(will we still want / need these resources?)
International conflict?
Whaling?
Krill fishing?
If you are asked about:
• Antarctic Peninsula versus interior?
• How different countries might exploit their claims in the future?
If you are asked about:
• Effects of global mass media?
• Effects of quicker, easier transport (tourism?)
• Trade / multi nationals and resulting CO2 emissions (global warming)?
If you are asked about:
• Effects of global mass media?
• Effects of quicker, easier transport (tourism?)
• Trade / multi nationals and resulting CO2 emissions (global warming)?
PLUS
• Antarctic Treaty
• Scientific cooperation
If you are asked about:
• Could focus on sustainable tourism
If you are asked about:
Futures?
Globalisation?
Interdependence?
Sustainability?
Use:•Stanton site eco town
•Tesco - death of high street
•Stanton closure by multi national Saint Gobain
•Stanton closure
•Afghan drugs link
Stanton site - new mixed-use eco friendly devt (with SUDS?!)
•Wages / guaranteed prices
•Conditions
•Environment
•SOCIAL PREMIUM
•Cooperative groups
•Democratic decision making
BUT:Many farmers can’t afford to provide the environmental safeguards
Some supermarkets cream off extra profits
Doesn’t change overall unfair global trading practice
Doesn’t help development of secondary industry, with its ‘value added’
•No harmful chemical fertilisers, pesticides, insecticides
•Benefits the environment - bio diversity of fauna and flora
•Benefits human health?