Questionnaire and Interview Schedule By Praveen A 15AB29 Ranjani B 15AB30 Riya Mary Joeman 15AB31
Questionnaire and Interview Schedule
ByPraveen A 15AB29Ranjani B 15AB30Riya Mary Joeman 15AB31Robin Pavithran 15AB32
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Questionnaires
Research instrument and it is a Pre-formulated written set of questions of which respondents record their answers.
Effective data collection mechanism when the researcher knows exactly what is required and how to measure the variables of interest.
Types
• Personally administered questionnaires
• Mail questionnaires
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Personally Administered questionnaires
• Mostly local area based, Organization is willing to have a group of employee respond to it.• Researchers can present potential respondents with the questionnaire in a variety of ways,
including:- In person
- scanner sheets through post - Disks
Advantages Disadvantages
Distributed to a large number of people at a relatively low cost
Lower costs than interviewing Reduced interviewer bias
Limited to those who can read and write.
Probing questions required long answers cannot be write
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Mail questionnaires
Mailed to the respondents can complete at their convenience (Time and location)
Advantages Disadvantages
Wide geographical can be covered Lower costs than interviewing
Return rates are typically low Doubts cannot be clarified
Techniques to improve rate of response
Send follow up mail – small monetary amount as incentives
Notified in advance about the forthcoming survey
Adding related picture to the questionnaire ( help in some
cases)
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1. Preparation
2. Constructing the first draft
3. Self-evaluation
4. External evaluation
5. Revision
6. Pre-test or Pilot study
7. Revision
8. Second Pre-test if necessary
9. Preparing final Copy
Steps in questionnaire construction
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Interviewing
One of the method to collect data
Uses specially for Exploratory research
Large number of interviews with a number of interviewers – Chances for Bias
To minimize bias
- Good training to Interviewers
- Checking their interpretation
- Voice inflections
- Avoid differences in wording
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Types of Interviews
Unstructured Interviews
Structured Interviews
Face to face Interviews
Telephone Interviews
Computer assisted Interviews
Computer-aided survey Interviews
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Un-Structured Interviews
OBJECTIVE • To explore and probe into several factors in the situation that might
be central to the broad problem area.• It is the basis for conducting a structured interview.• Helps in understanding
whether the problem in hand is a symptom of a more and serious deep rooted problem
Identification of several critical factors in the situation.
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Structured Interviews
BASIS• Conducted after understanding the outset of what
information is needed.• List of predetermined questions are already decided by
the interviewer.• Conducted through telephone / face-to-face / medium of
a PC.• Interviewer must be familiar with the purpose and goal of
each question.
RESULTIdentification of new factors and deeper
understanding
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Face to Face InterviewsMostly conducted for UNSTRUCTURED INTERVIEWS.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
• Researcher can adapt the questions that are necessary and ensure that there is clarity in the responses.
• Non-verbal cues can also be an added advantage that cannot be picked up through a telephone interview.
• Geographical limitations on the surveys.
• Cost – Optimization
• Respondents feel insecure about their anonymity when interaction is face to face.
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Telephonic Interview
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Researcher - Different people can
be reached(Local, international)
Respondent- Eliminates
discomfort.
Respondent could terminate the interview by hanging up without any warning.
Fixing mutually convenient time.
Can not read non-verbal communication.
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Computer Assisted Interviewing
• Questions flashed in computer screen, respondents can enter
answers into computers.
• Out-of-range responses eliminated.
• Right sequencing order.
• Improved accuracy.
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CATI & CAPI
CATI CAPI
Computer Assisted Telephonic Interview
Computer Assisted Personal Interview
PC is networked into telephone system
Respondents can use their own computers to respond.
Computer selects number, dials and stores responses in
a file.
Respondents receive software and respond
Quick, accurate and faster analysis of data, low field costs.
Vs.
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Computer Aided Survey Services
• Researcher can analyze when field survey is in progress.
• Data can be cleaned up and errors can be fixed.
• Bias can be eliminated.
• Skip patterns can be programmed.
• Questions can be customized according to the respondent.
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QUESTIONING TECHNIQUE
Funneling
Unbiased Questions
Clarifying issues
Help the respondent to think through issues
Taking Notes
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FUNNELING
OPEN ENDED QUESTIONS TO GET A BROAD IDEA.
THEN ASK MORE FOCUSED QUESTIONS.
BRODER ------ NARROW.
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UNBIASED QUESTIONS
Ask questions which gives least bias in responses.
A loaded question influences the answers received From the respondents.
Bias could be introduced by emphasizing certain Words, by tone and voice inflections and through Improper suggestions.
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CLARIFYING ISSUES
The researcher should rephrase or restate important information given by the respondents.
To make sure that the researcher understands issues as The respondent intends to represent them.
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HELP THE RESPONDENT TO THINK THROUGH ISSUES
The researcher should ask questions in a simpler way.
If the respondent finds it difficult to understand.
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TAKING NOTES
The researcher must take written notes.
The information recalled from memory is imprecise or often incorrect.
If more than one interview is scheduled the information received Increases.
The interviews can be recorded on tape if there is no objection.
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Thank You