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Queen Elizabeth II

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The Queens early lifeThe Queen was born at 2.40am on 21 April 1926 at 17 BrutonStreet in Mayfair, London.

She was the first child of The Duke and Duchess of York, who

later became King George VI and Queen Elizabeth.

At the time she stood third in line of succession to the throneafter Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VIII), andher father, The Duke of York. But it was not expected thather father would become King, or that she would becomeQueen.

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The Duke and Duchess of York with

Princess Elizabeth

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The Princess was christened Elizabeth Alexandra Mary in theprivate chapel at Buckingham Palace. She was named after hermother, while her two middle names are those of her paternalgreat-grandmother, Queen Alexandra, and paternal grandmother,Queen Mary.

The Princess's early years were spent at 145 Piccadilly, the Londonhouse taken by her parents shortly after her birth, and at WhiteLodge in Richmond Park.

She also spent time at the country homes of her paternalgrandparents, King George V and Queen Mary, and her mother'sparents, the Earl and Countess of Strathmore.

In 1930, Princess Elizabeth gained a sister, with the birth ofPrincess Margaret Rose. The family of four was very close.

The Queens early life

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When she was six years old, her parents took over Royal Lodge inWindsor Great Park as their own country home.

The Queens early life

Princess Elizabeth's quiet family life came

to an end in 1936, when her grandfather,King George V, died. His eldest son came to

the throne as King Edward VIII, but,

before the end of the year, King Edward

VIII had decided to give up the throne in

order to marry the woman he loved, Mrs

Wallis Simpson.

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King Edward VIII abdication speech 1939

http://youtu.be/re6G1hTlrEo

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Upon his abdication, Princess Elizabeth's father acceded to thethrone as King George VI, and in 1937 the two Princesses

attended their parents' coronation in Westminster Abbey.

Princess Elizabeth was now first in line to the throne, and a

figure of even more intense public interest.

The Queens early life

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Princess Elizabeth

BBC Children's Hour Broadcast1940

http://youtu.be/VJI9LPFQth4

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Princess Elizabeth was educated at home with Princess Margaret,

her younger sister.

After her father succeeded to the throne in 1936 and she

became heir presumptive, she started to study constitutional

history and law as preparation for her future role.

Princess Elizabeth also studied art and music, learned to ride, and

became a strong swimmer. She won the Children's Challenge

Shield at London's Bath Club when she was thirteen.

Princess Elizabeth enrolled as a Girl Guide when she was eleven,

and later became a Sea Ranger.

Education

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In 1940, at the height of the Blitz, the young Princesses were moved

for their safety to Windsor Castle, where they spent most of the

war years.

It was a time of austerity and anxiety for the whole country,

including the Royal Family. But at Christmas time there was a period

of light relief when the young Princesses put on pantomimes with the

children of members of staff for the enjoyment of her family and

employees of the Royal Household.

Education

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In November 1947, she married

Philip Mountbatten (formerly Prince

Philip of Greece and Denmark), who

was created duke of Edinburgh.

Wedding Day

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Wedding Day 1947

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The Queens Family

Prince Charles,born in 1948. Princess Anne born in 1950

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The Queens Family

Prince Andrew born in 1960

Prince Edward born in 1964

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Coronation Day 1947

In 1952, King George VI's illness forcedhim to abandon his proposed visit to

Australia and New Zealand. The

Princess, accompanied by Prince Philip,

took his place.

On Wednesday, 6 February 1952,

Princess Elizabeth received the news of

her father's death and her own

accession to the throne, while staying in

a remote part of Kenya.

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The tour had to be abandoned, and the young Princess flew back to Britainas Queen. She was greeted by Prime Minister Winston Churchill and other

officials at the airport.

The Coronation took place in Westminster Abbey on 2 June 1953. It was asolemn ceremony conducted by Dr Geoffrey Fisher, Archbishop ofCanterbury.

Television brought home to hundreds of thousands of people around theCommonwealth the splendour and significance of the Coronation in a waynever before possible.

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Coronation Day 1947

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Family tree

http://www.britroyals.com/windsor.htm

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Present Day

The Queen has

now reigned for57 years and10 months.

The Queen isnow 83 years.

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The Queen's Role

Although the Queen is no longer responsible for governing the country,she carries out a great many important tasks on behalf of the nation.

Head of StateAs Head of State, the Queen goes on official State visits abroad. Shealso invites other world leaders to come to the United Kingdom. Duringtheir visit, Heads of State usually stay at Buckingham Palace, orsometimes at Windsor Castle or Holyroodhouse in Edinburgh.

Head of the Armed Forces

The Queen is also the Head of the Armed Forces. She is the onlyperson who can declare when the country is at war and when war isover, although she must take advice from her government first.

Head of the Church of EnglandThe Queen is Head of the Church of England - a position that allBritish monarchs have held since it was founded by Henry VIII in the1530s. The Queen appoints archbishops and bishops on the advice ofthe Prime Minister. The spiritual leader of the Church of England is

the Archbishop of Canterbury.

The Queens R le

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The Queen s Role

Government DutiesEvery day 'red boxes' are delivered to the Queen's desk full ofdocuments and reports from the government ministers andCommonwealth officials. They must all be read and, if necessary,signed by the Queen.Represents the NationThe Queen represents the nation at times of great celebration orsorrow. One example of this is Remembrance Day ceremony at the

Cenotaph monument in Whitehall. The Queen lays a wreath there eachyear to honour the members of the armed forces who have diedfighting for their country.Royal Garden PartiesAt least three Royal Garden Parties are held at Buckingham Palace

each year and about 8,000 guests attend each one.VisitsAlongside her other duties the Queen spends a huge amount of timetravelling around the country visiting hospitals, schools, factories andother places and organisations.

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Why does Queen Elizabeth have twobirthdays?

The Queen is very lucky because she has two birthdays, one in Apriland one in June.

When is the Queen's real birthday?

The Queen's actual birthday is on 21 April.

When does the Queen have her public and official birthday?

It has long been customary to celebrate the Sovereigns birthdaypublicly on a day during the summer, when better weather is morelikely.

Since 1805, the Sovereigns 'official' summer birthday has beenmarked by the Trooping the Colour ceremony, normally held on the

second Saturday in June. It is also marked by the flying of the Unionflag on government buildings, a 42-gun salute and the publication ofthe birthday honours list.

No particular ceremony is held on The Queen's true birthday,although the Union Flag is flown on public buildings.

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Where

does theQueenlive?

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The Queen does not just have one house shehas many houses.

Buckingham Palace

Windsor Castle

Balmoral CastleSandringham House