Queen Mary Tudor Princess Mary Education & Opposition Securing the Crown Marriage Prospects Opposition to Philip Foreign Affairs Travel & Economics Spanish Naval Practice War with France Domestic Transition Conservative Recovery Marian Catholicism Protestant Retreat Exile, Martyrdom, Nicodemism England in November, 1558 Mary, 1544, National Portrait Gallery
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Queen Mary Tudor Princess Mary Education & Opposition Securing the Crown Marriage Prospects Opposition to Philip Foreign Affairs Travel & Economics Spanish.
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Queen Mary TudorPrincess Mary
Education & Opposition
Securing the CrownMarriage ProspectsOpposition to Philip
Foreign AffairsTravel & EconomicsSpanish Naval PracticeWar with France
Opposition & IdentityBoleyn, K.A.’s Banishment from Court, ‘31Demoted from “Princess” (Elizabeth, ‘33)Relative Isolation from Circles of PowerCatholic Leader; Hope for ConservativesDefiance of E6’s Supremacy; Stalwart
Princess Mary, c. 1521-5; MiniatureNational Portrait Gallery
Securing the Crown, 1553Popular & Noble Support
Conservatives & Protestants AlikeAffirmed Act of Succession, ‘43Gardiner; Howard, Norfolk
Marriage ProspectsEngland’s 1st Queen RegnantEdward Courtenay, Earl of DevonG-g.son of Edward IV; DebauchedPhilip of Spain, Heir to Charles VPersonal, Political, Religious Choice
Opposition to PhilipForeign Ruler; Foreign EntanglementsParliament, Council, NobilityWyatt’s Rebellion, Jan./Feb. ‘54Treaty: Title but not Power of “King”Married: July 25, 1554
Queen Mary, 1554, by Hans EworthNational Portrait Gallery
Foreign AffairsTravel & Economics
Searching for New MarketsGuinea (W. Africa), Baltic,
RussiaThe Muscovy
Company, 1555Inherited Debt & Debased CoinageFinancial Reforms; Book of Rates, ‘58
Benefit Felt by Elizabeth
Spanish Martial PracticePhilip and the English FleetOrganized Land Militia
War with France (Habsburg Rivalry)Not Economically WiseSummer, ‘57: Aid to SpainJanuary, ‘58: Loss of Calais
Queen Mary, 1554, by Anthonis MorMuseo Del Prado, Madrid, Spain
Domestic TransitionConservative Recovery
Turning the Clock Back to 1529Not Monastic Lands
Doctrinally Catholic, 1554 ->
Marian CatholicismReunion with RomePhilip’s Dominican EmployeesSpanish Tastes
Return of Cardinal Reginald PoleHumanist Reform; ReconciliationEducation; Diligence; High StandardsScholarly EpiscopateEdmund Bonner, Bishop of London
Cardinal Pole, post-1536;
Protestant RetreatExile
Emigrants to German, Swiss LandsFrankfurt, Saxony, Strasbourg, ZürichAbout 800 Total
Martyrdom: 1555-8Hugh Latimer & Nicholas Ridley, ‘55Thomas Cranmer, ’56John Rogers & Rowland TaylorArtisans & Laborers in the SEAbout 300 Total
NicodemismKeeping One’s Head Low; ConformityWilliam Cecil, Matthew Parker, ElizabethRoger Ascham, Richard Cheyney“Silent Majority” or General Apathy?