Quantum Wave Model

Quantum Wave Model

Electron Configuration

• 4 subshells• S, P, D, F

S Subshell• Spherical in Shape – enables the electrons to

surround the nucleus of the atom• Lowest energy level• 1 orbital (each orbital holds 2 e-)• Holds 2 e-

P Subshell• Dumbbell shaped and can be oriented in

space in one of three ways.• 3 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-)• Holds up to 6e-

D Subshell• Dumbbell shaped• 5 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-)• Holds 10 e-

F Subshell• Dumbbell shaped• Greatest energy• 7 orbitals (each orbital holds 2 e-)• Holds 14 e-

Orbital Diagrams

• Orbital Diagrams: Electrons enter the electron configuration (orbital diagram) pattern beginning at the lowest energy and filling the pattern to the highest energy.

Hund’s Rule

• Hund’s Rule: Electrons enter the each orbital individually until all orbitals are half filled before pairing with other electrons in the subshell.

• In other words – one electron per orbital until all orbitals are filled, then 2nd electron can be placed in each orbital.

Pauli Exclusion Principle

• Pauli Exclusion Principle: an orbital can contain no more than two electrons and those two electrons must be paired,

• In other words, electrons must have opposite spin (usually indicated by one up-arrow and one down-arrow).

Feeling Overwhelmed?

"Teacher, may I be excused? My brain is full."

• Modern Atomic Structure

• Space Filling Model for Scandium

__1s__ / __ __ __2s 2p__ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __3s 3p 3d__ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __4s 4p 4d 4f __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __5s 5p 5d 5f __ / __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __6s 6p 6d 6f

How many energy levels are there?

• 7

The ___ represents?

• The orbital

What is the maximum number of electrons that can be held in one

orbital• 2

How many subshells are in the second energy level?

• 2• 2s and 2p

How many electrons are in this energy level?8

How many orbitals are in the f subshell?

• 7

How many electrons will the third energy level hold?

• 18

What four letters represent the subshells?

• S• P• D• F

1s2, 2s2, 2p6,3s23p6

• This is called the _________Configuration• Electron

• What element does this electron configuration represent?

• Argon

The number 2 in 2p6 represents the

• Energy level

The letter p in 2p6 represents the number of

• Valence Electrons

What is the maximum number of electrons the 4d subshell can hold?

• 10

What is an easy way to determine the number of valence electrons?

• Look at the periodic table and determine the family the element is in.

Family I – 1 valence electronFamily II – 2 valence electronsFamily III – 3 valence electronsFamily IV – 4 valence electronsFamily V – 5 valence electronsFamily VI – 6 valence electronsFamily VII – 7 valence electronsFamily VIII – 8 valence electrons