Quantum cryptography is spy-proof. When an eavesdropper aempts to intercept a message encoded using quantum cryptography, the message is altered by the eavesdropper’s measurement. Unlike with “classical” informaon (e.g. emails and phone calls), senders can reliably detect snooping. Development Team APS: Gabriel Popkin, Theodore Hodapp, Monica Plisch JQI: Emily Edwards, Steve Rolston Design by Emily Edwards, JQI, and Nancy Benne-Karasik, APS TM Cryptography and the poster border: Encrypon relies on how hard it is to factor large numbers. The border is one of the largest numbers that has been factored. The Joint Quantum Instute (JQI) is a research partnership between University of Maryland (UMD) and the Naonal Instute of Standards and Technology. The Physics Froner Center at JQI is funded through a cooperave agreement with the NSF and operated within the JQI. Get the Factors How many cubes do you see? Qubits are quantum informaon carriers, similar to how the “bits” 0 and 1 carry informa- on in regular com- puters. Qubits can be made from any quantum system that has two states. In the picture at leſt, these states are depicted as electron orbits in an atom. QUANTUM INFORMATION Atoms on a small scale behave like nothing on a large scale, for they sasfy the laws of quantum mechanics... - Richard Feynman A century ago, quantum mechanics changed our understanding of the building blocks of our universe. Today, sciensts are using quantum physics to teleport informaon, create unbreakable codes, and build powerful new computers. We are on the verge of a new technological revoluon... Physicists use lasers, like the green beams shown at right, to make egg carton-like paerns where atoms (shown as red spheres) can be trapped. These atoms are examples of qubits. Each atom has an outer electron (shown close-up as yellow sphere) that can be manipulated with laser light. Images courtesy of Emily Edwards and Trey Porto Information is everywhere–in books, text messages, DNA, computers. Quantum physics doesn’t usually play a role in these storage formats. But informaon can also be packed into ny structures like atoms, where quantum physics rules. The quantum world is strange. Consider the picture at leſt: do you see 6 cubes, or 10? Just as your mind can interpret the image in two different ways, quantum systems can be in mulple states at once. This is called a superposion. Look again: at any instant your mind picks a cube orientaon, and the contradicon vanishes. Quantum superposions are similarly fragile. Measurement, meaning an interacon with the outside world, causes a quantum system to “collapse” to one of its component states. Photo courtesy of Emily Edwards Photo courtesy of Erik Lucero Photos courtesy of Emily Edwards In teleportation, informaon is transferred from one parcle to another. These parcles must be entangled, meaning they share a quantum state, even if they are separated in space. Sciensts then make measurements on the entangled system, which allows them to teleport the quantum state from one place to another. Ion traps like the one shown above have been used to teleport informaon a distance of up to one meter. Superconducng qubit devices used for quantum computers are housed in ultracold refrig- erators (leſt). Here, the qubit is stored in superconducng circuit elements and is manipu- lated by microwaves. Below at leſt, an image of 7 indi- vidual yerbium ions fluorescing in an ion trap. The gold blades above guide electromagnec fields into the central region to form an invisible bucket that captures ions, which are used to make qubits. Quantum computers will harness superposions to quickly solve problems that would take today’s computers years. With each added qubit, the processing power of a quantum computer doubles. Through massive parallel processing, quantum com- puters are expected to easily crack popular encrypon schemes and offer faster ways of searching vast databases. Can you tell which orbit the electron is in? Quantum physics allows it to be in both at the same me. www.jqi.umd.edu www.aps.org/programs/educaon/highschool/teachers/quantum.cfm 9501441788631789462951872378692218 23983 5191095136578863710595448200657677509858055761357909873 929326128400107609345671052955360856061822 2799783391122132787082946763872260162107044853756000
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Quantum cryptography is spy-proof. When an eavesdropper attempts to intercept a message encoded using quantum cryptography, the message is altered by the eavesdropper’s measurement. Unlike with “classical” information (e.g. emails and phone calls), senders can reliably detect snooping.
Development TeamAPS: Gabriel Popkin, Theodore Hodapp, Monica PlischJQI: Emily Edwards, Steve RolstonDesign by Emily Edwards, JQI, and Nancy Bennett-Karasik, APS
TM
Cryptography and the poster border: Encryption relies on how hard it is to factor large
numbers. The border is one of the largest numbers that has
been factored.
The Joint Quantum Institute (JQI) is a research partnership between University of Maryland (UMD) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The Physics Frontier Center at JQI is funded through a cooperative agreement with the NSF and operated within the JQI.
Get the Factors
How many cubes do you see?Qubits are quantum information carriers, similar
to how the “bits” 0 and 1 carry informa-tion in regular com-puters. Qubits can be made from any quantum system that has two states. In the picture at left, these states are depicted as electron orbits in an atom.
Quantum InformatIonAtoms on a small scale behave like nothing on a large scale, for they satisfy the laws of quantum mechanics... - Richard Feynman
A century ago, quantum mechanics changed our understanding of the building blocks of our universe. Today, scientists are using quantum physics to teleport information, create unbreakable codes, and build powerful new computers. We are on the verge of a new technological revolution...
Physicists use lasers, like the green beams shown at right, to make egg
carton-like patterns where atoms (shown as red spheres) can be trapped.
These atoms are examples of qubits. Each atom has an outer electron
(shown close-up as yellow sphere) that can be manipulated with laser light.
Images courtesy of Emily Edwards and Trey Porto
Information is everywhere–in books, text messages, DNA, computers. Quantum physics doesn’t usually play a role in these storage formats. But information can also be packed into tiny structures like atoms, where quantum physics rules.The quantum world is strange. Consider the picture at left: do you see 6 cubes, or 10? Just as your mind can interpret the image in two different ways, quantum systems can be in multiple states at once. This is called a superposition.Look again: at any instant your mind picks a cube orientation, and the contradiction vanishes. Quantum superpositions are similarly fragile. Measurement, meaning an interaction with the outside world, causes a quantum system to “collapse” to one of its component states.
Photo courtesy of Emily Edwards
Photo courtesy of Erik Lucero
Photos courtesy of Emily Edwards
In teleportation, information is transferred from one particle to another. These particles must be entangled, meaning they share a quantum state, even if they are separated in space. Scientists then make measurements on the entangled system, which allows them to teleport the quantum state from one place to another. Ion traps like the one shown above have been used to teleport information a distance of up to one meter.
Superconducting qubit devices used for quantum computers are housed in ultracold refrig-erators (left). Here, the qubit is stored in superconducting circuit elements and is manipu-lated by microwaves.
Below at left, an image of 7 indi-vidual ytterbium ions fluorescing in an ion trap. The gold blades above guide electromagnetic fields into the central region to form an invisible bucket that captures ions, which are used to make qubits.
Quantum computers will harness superpositions to quickly solve problems that would take today’s computers years. With each added qubit, the processing power of a quantum computer doubles. Through massive parallel processing, quantum com-puters are expected to easily crack popular encryption schemes and offer faster ways of searching vast databases.
Can you tell which orbit the electron is in?
Quantum physics allows it to be in both at the same time.
www.jqi.umd.eduwww.aps.org/programs/education/highschool/teachers/quantum.cfm
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