Top Banner
QUANTUM COMPUTING & CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSU Jonathan P. Dowling Quantum Science & Technologies Group Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 http://quantum.phys.lsu.edu
23

QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

Sep 16, 2020

Download

Documents

dariahiddleston
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Page 1: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

QUANTUM COMPUTING&

CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSU

Jonathan P. Dowling

Quantum Science & Technologies GroupHearne Institute for Theoretical PhysicsDepartment of Physics and Astronomy

Louisiana State UniversityBaton Rouge, Louisiana 70803

http://quantum.phys.lsu.edu

Page 2: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

PUBLIC KEY SECRET CODES ON THE INTERNET

These secret codes protect your credit card information!

Page 3: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

MAKING PUBLIC KEY SECRET CODES

Making a Secret Code is as Easy as Multiplication: 15,485,863 • 32,452,843 = 502,560,280,658,509

Page 4: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

BREAKING PUBLIC KEY SECRET CODES

Breaking a Secret Code is as Hard as Factoring: 502,560,280,658,509 =  15,485,863 • 32,452,843

Page 5: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

FACTORING BIG NUMBERS IS VERY HARD!

If every particle in the Universe was a classicalcomputer running at full speed for the entire life ofthe Universe (about 12 billion years) that would bestill insufficient to factor a 2,000 digit number.

Your Credit Card Number Is Safe!

Or Is It???

Current Internet Encryption Uses 1,000 Digit Numbers.

Page 6: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

CRACKING THE CODE: LIFE IMITATES ART

1992

Peter Shor, MIT

1994

Quantum Computer CanFactor a 2,000 Digit Number

In Less Than a Second!

Page 7: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

HOW DOES A QUANTUM COMPUTER WORK?

3 1 4 1 5 9

A Car’s Odometer is Like aClassical Computer Register:It Shows Only One Six-Digit

Number at a Time.

Page 8: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

0 0 0 0 0 0

A Quantum Odometer Can Store999,999 Six-Digit Numbers at One Time!

0 0 0 0 0 1

9 9 9 9 9 8

9 9 9 9 9 9

Page 9: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

REALITY: National Institute of Standards and Technology

SMALL QUANTUM COMPUTER RUNS AN ATOMIC CLOCK

Page 10: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

AT LSU WE DESIGN QUANTUM COMPUTER CHIPS

Page 11: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY

When Quantum Computers Come Online What WillKeep Our Credit Cards Safe on the Internet?

Quantum Cryptography!

Page 12: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

ONE-TIME PAD PRIVATE SECRET KEY SYSTEM

Secret Code Invented by G.S.Vernan — An Army TelegraphOfficer During the Civil War.

Proven Unbreakable byClaude Shannon at BellLabs in the 1940’s.

Unbreakable by Even AQuantum Computer!

Page 13: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

ALICE SENDS A COPY OF THE KEY TO BOB

ALICE BOBEVE

Problem: Eavesdropper Can Always Make a Copy of the Pad!

Page 14: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

ALICE SENDS A COPY OF THE KEY TO BOB

ALICE BOBEVE

Problem: Eavesdropper Can Always Make a Copy of the Pad!

Page 15: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

EVE CAN’T COPY A QUANTUM PAD!

Page 16: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

HOW DOES A QUANTUM CRYPTO WORK?

In Classical Fiber OpticsNetworks Eve Can Always Steala Little of the Light and Makea Copy of the Key.

Page 17: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

EVE CAN’T COPY A QUANTUM PHOTONWITHOUT DESTROYING THE INFORMATION

Page 18: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

YOU CAN BUY A QUANTUM CRYPTO SYSTEM!

Page 19: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

THE QUANTUM INTERNET IS HERE!

Canary Islands

Boston

Switzerland

We could tell youwhat it is about.

But then, ofcourse, we wouldhave to kill you.

Page 20: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

THE QUANTUM SKYNET IS HERE!

In 2008 — Austrian ScientistsTransmitted Single Photons to aJapanese Communications Satelliteand Back.

Americans Have a Similar Project —Which is TOP SECRET! The Goal isTo Provide SECRET CODES for USSpy Satellites.

Page 21: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

LSU DESIGNS ROUTERS FOR THE QUANTUMINTERNET AND MODELS ATMOSPHERIC

TRANSMISSION FOR SKYNET

Page 22: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the

THE FUTURE IS CLOSER THAN YOU THINK!

QuantumLink

Quantum Link

Page 23: QUANTUM COMPUTING CRYPTOGRAPHY AT LSUphys.lsu.edu/~jdowling/talks/SURF09.pdf · QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY When Quantum Computers Come Online What Will Keep Our Credit Cards Safe on the