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Quantum Computers & Where to Hide from Them 量子コンピュータと 暗号 Nick Doiron |ニック・ドレン
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Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

Jan 22, 2018

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Page 1: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

Quantum Computers &Where to Hide from Them量子コンピュータと

暗号

Nick Doiron |ニック・ドレン

Page 2: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

こんにちは

@mapmeld Twitter & GitHub

フリーランサー

OLPC, Code for America, MoMA, OSM contrib

Page 3: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)
Page 4: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

課題

なぜ量子が面白いか?

本当に量子コンピュータが

存在するか?

どうやって量子コンピュー

ターのプログラミング?

様々なセキュリティーと

プライバシーの問題

Page 5: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

コンピュータの歴史

Page 6: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

ムーアの法則

Better transistors, better computers!

Page 7: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

ムーアの法則の終焉?

Labs at limits of silicon (June 2017)

+ carbon nanotubes (October 2016)

Page 8: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

量子ビット(キュービット)とは何か?

ビット: 「0」か「1」

状態の重ね合わせ:波動関数の崩壊まで、 「0」と「1」量子もつれ: 2^n

Page 9: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

量子ビットとは 何か?

Page 10: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

ファインマン先生の ”名言”

“If you think you understand quantum mechanics, you don’t understand quantum mechanics”

「量子力学を理解していると思うなら

量子力学を理解していない」

Page 11: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

量子ビットとは 何か?

Page 12: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

論理回路: AND,OR,NAND,XOR,NOR ゲート

Page 13: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

量子ゲート

状態の重ね合わせながら、 会う・通過する

Page 14: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

本当な量子コンピュータが存在する?

Page 15: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

量子ビット IRL

Page 16: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

本当に量子コンピュータが存在する?

IBM56 ビットをシミュレートするOffers 5 (recently built 17 qubits) in cloud

Rigetti Computing30 ビットをシミュレートするOffers 8 qubit chips

IONQ秘密保持契約

Page 17: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

初めるの アプリケーション: 化学

“simulating molecules and reactions is the use case for early, small quantum computers…even the most powerful supercomputers cannot perfectly re-create all the complex quantum behaviors of atoms and electrons in even relatively small molecules”

MIT / Technology Review, Mar 2017

Page 18: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

どうプログラムを書く?

1. 量子ビットが会って、ゲートを通過する

2. 量子ビットをクラシールビットに書く

3. n回 繰り返す

Page 19: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

アセンブリ言語 ? Quil / pyQuilH 1MEASURE 1 [1]JUMP-WHEN @THEN3 [1]JUMP @END4LABEL @THEN3X 0LABEL @END4MEASURE 0 [0]

Page 20: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

jsQuil のプログラムを書く

Page 21: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

IBM - QISkit.orgJupyter notebooks available online

Page 22: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

1994年: 量子と暗号

Shor’s Algorithm量子の フーリエ変換

(not for NP-hard ?s)

Page 23: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

NSAも?

2013

2016

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新しい暗号を作る

Page 26: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

量子の暗号

Page 27: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

ポスト量子暗号

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Page 29: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

SSL/TLS: 新たなる希望

New experiment by Chrome team

BoringSSL (AES + Ring-Learning-With-Errors)

Page 30: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

ほかの ポスト量子暗号

- longer keys (1000-x longer RSA)- Multivar quadratic equations- Hashes- McEliece / Goppa codes

Page 31: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

GPG から  CodeCryptまで

by Mirek Kratochvil

McEliece Crypto System for Encryption, hash for Signing

As a result - needs two sets of public/private keys

Modeled after GPG commands, but has different output

Page 32: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

Enigmail のチーム

Robert J. Hanson, Enigmail+gpg mod / support

Page 33: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

日本の会社と大学

Page 34: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

2016年十一月 - Shor Part 2

Page 35: Quantum Computers and Where to Hide from Them (Japanese)

ありがとう!

- PQCrypto.org- Post-Quantum Cryptography on Amazon- Scott Aaronson’s blog and

Quantum Computing since Democritus

@mapmeld on Twitter & GitHub