Quantifying the reasons for non-enrollment and drop-out Anna Agarwal MIT India Reading group – 2 nd Dec’06
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Quantifying the reasons for non-enrollment and drop-out
Anna AgarwalMIT India Reading group – 2nd Dec’06
Reference:
Report “The social context of elementary education in rural India”,October 2004, commissioned by Azim PremjiFoundation.
Reasons for never attending schools
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII*,1998-99
* The National Family Health Survey (NFHS), The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
50% of boys, in both rural and urban India, never attend because of these 2 factors!
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
When was primary education made Free for 6-14 years (only in 2002?) – more discussed later
*
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
Girls more interested than boys!! ☺
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
compare with urban females (poverty, uneducated parents) and rural males (Gender bias)
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
Another major cause (gender bias)
Reasons for dropping out of schools
Reasons dropping out of schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
Reasons: Inconducive home env, poor quality schooling
This includes lack of proper toilet facilities, marriage
Why do children in Rural India never enroll in school
* NSSO - National Sample Survey Organisation, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India
Why do children in Rural India never enroll in school
10% to 2% ☺
Again a decrease !
1. Opportunity costs not so dominant anymore ?2. Does not tally with NFHS data...
?
Reasons for never attending schools: children 6-17 years. NFHSII,1998-99
compare with urban females (poverty, uneducated parents) and rural males (Gender bias)
Still a big factor (15+35= 50) !! ( could be due to poverty, poor schooling, high costs of schooling... )
‘Earlier class II pass could read postcards, now they cant even write their names’, complained a father during the FGD in urban Sitapur. ‘What is the use of sending him to school?. I pulled him out after class 4 and he now helps me with my work.’
Gender bias
“ Analyzing the cause of drop-out among children, the survey finds that the major cause was withdrawal by parents, for two major reasons: 1) the child being needed for other activities and 2) schooling being expensive” Probe Report 1999.
* PROBE is the Public Report on Basic Education for India. It was supported by the Center for Development Economics (India) and published in 1999 by the Oxford University Press.
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