Qual&quantitative research

Qualitativevs.

Quantitative

Universal

Specific

Explanatory

Descriptive Subjective

Objective

Universal ------------------------------ Specific

Objective ------------------------------ Subjective

Explanatory ---------------------------- Descriptive

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES

Research Methods

Qualitative Research

Quantitative Research

Definitions of Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Quantitative Research A type of educational

research in which the researcher decides what to study, asks specific, narrow questions, collects numeric (numbered) data from participants, analyzes these numbers using statistics, and conducts the inquiry in an unbiased, objective manner.

Qualitative Research A type of educational research

in which the researcher relies on the views of participants, asks broad, general questions, collects data consisting largely of words (or text) from participants, describes and analyzes these words for themes, and conducts the inquiry in a subjective, biased manner.

QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE APPROACHES

Research Methods


Hybrid or Mixed


A. Qualitative approach

1. Definitiona. is an inquiry approach useful for exploring and

understanding a central phenomenon.

2. Purpose:

a. To discover various meanings associated with a phenomenon

i. by studying cases intensively in natural settings and

ii. by subjecting the resulting data to analytic induction.

A. Quantitative approach

1. Definition:a. is an inquiry approach useful for describing

trends and explaining the relationship among variables found.

2. Purpose:

a. To describe and explain features of a reality by collecting numerical data. by comparing data from one individual or group to

another individual or group. by subjecting the data to statistical analysis.”

Comparison:Quantitative vs. Qualitative Research:Quantitative Methods:

1. Formulate hypothesis

Qualitative Methods:



2. Observe events/present questionnaire with fixed answers.


1. Observe events and/or ask questions with open-ended answers.




3. Tabulate responses



2. Record observations





4. Summarize data




3. Interpret observations





4. Summarize data




3. Interpret observations

4. Return for new and refined observations




3. Tabulate responses4. Summarize data5. Analyze and draw

conclusions

Qualitative Methods:1. Observe events and/or ask

questions with open-ended answers.

2. Record observations3. Interpret observations4. Return for new and refined

observations5. Review data and draw

conclusions




3. Tabulate responses4. Summarize data5. Analyze and draw

conclusions

Qualitative Methods:1. Observe events and/or ask

questions with open-ended answers.

2. Record observations3. Interpret observations4. Return for new and refined

observations5. Review data and draw

conclusions6. Formulate hypothesis or

theory

4. Determining the Research Approach

Use quantitative if your research problem requires you to

A. Measure Variables

B. Assess the impact of these variables on an outcome

C. Test existing theories or broad explanations

D. Apply results to a large number of people

Use qualitative if your research problem requires you to

A. Learn about the views of the people you plan to study

B. Assess a process over time

C. Generate theories based on participant perspectives

D. Obtain detailed information about a few people or research sites.

Quantitative Designs and Uses

ExperimentalResearch

CorrelationalResearch

DescriptiveResearch

Explaining whether anintervention influencesan outcome for onegroup as opposed to another group

Associating orrelating variablesin a predictablepattern for onegroup of individuals

Describing trends or characteristics forthe population ofpeople

InterventionResearch

Non-InterventionResearch

Qualitative Designs and Uses

EthnographicResearch

Grounded TheoryResearch

NarrativeResearch

Exploring the sharedculture of a peoplegroup

Exploring commonexperiences ofindividuals todevelop a theory

Exploring individualstories to describethe lives of people

Other possible types:• Historical• Discourse Analysis

Could be either…

Case Study

Action Research

Study of an individual or small group of individualsto focus on what variables and relationships are present in that individual case

Forming a theory in advance and collecting qualitative observations to quickly see if the theory has any validity or application in a small and preselected population.Study of a small group to

get an indication of how the group (or individuals within that group) think about a topic.

Focus Group

Research Methods



Hybrid

• Ethnographic

• Grounded theory

• Narrative research

• Historical

• Discourse Analysis

• Experimental

• Correlational

• Descriptive• Current Differences• Differences Over

Time• Basic Descriptions

• Case Study • Action Research

• Triangulation

• Concurrent

• Sequential – Exploratory

• Sequential – Explanatory

Qualitative & QuantitativeSome differences:

Qualitative:

• Considers the participant’s point of view

• Describes the participant’s view within a particular setting or context

• Searches to understand a more complex Central Phenomenon rather than a specific research question or hypothesis

• Typically uses methods such as interviews, observations and interviews


With Qualitative:

• The qualitative researcher is not an objective, politically neutral observer

• The qualitative researcher is an observer of the human condition

• The meaning of the research is plural, more political and open

• The project is collaborative and participatory


Quantitative:• Tries to be objective and look at things without as

much consideration of its context.

• Attempts to find meaning that is equally applicable to all.

• Tends to focus on numerical comparisons

• Tries to isolate any possible intervening or confounding variables and focus on one interaction at a time.

Quantitative or Qualitative….

What type of research

would you use?

Quantitative or Qualitative?

A. A study to investigate the reasons why kids fight on the playground

B. A study to see which minorities do best on a certain IQ test.

C. A study to evaluate whether students are self-motivated or motivated more by external rewards or punishment

D. A study to investigate whether there is a relationship between a student’s IQ and his/her artistic creativity.

E. A study to discover why kids are not eating their cafeteria food at lunch.

F. A study to see how Educational Research classes may be improved to make students take more interest and fall asleep less often.

G. A study of five children to see how they react to being surprised.

H. A study to determine what part of the brain is involved in short term memory.

I. A study to see if a student’s IQ is affected by special class using multi-media resources.

J. A study of how whether students taking a test at time A receive the same or similar results when taking the test at time B.

Quantitative or Qualitative?

Qual&quantitative research

Technology

quantitative methods

data qualitative methods

mixed quantitative research

hypothesis qualitative

research problem

research sites

qualitative designs

definitions of qualitative