Quality of Densified Organic Fertilizers and Soil Conditioners for Organic Horticulture Production Published: Pangga, G.V., Cedillo N.O. and V.S. Punzalan. 2015. Quality of Densified Organic Fertilizers and Soil Conditioners for Organic Horticulture Production. Horticulturae. Special Issue. Quality Management of Organic Horticulture Produce 2015. MDPI AG, Klybeckstrasse, Basel, Switzerland. pp 277-285.
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Quality of Densified Organic Fertilizers and Soil Conditioners for Organic Horticulture Production
Published: Pangga, G.V., Cedillo N.O. and V.S. Punzalan. 2015. Quality
of Densified Organic Fertilizers and Soil Conditioners for Organic
Horticulture Production. Horticulturae. Special Issue. Quality
Management of Organic Horticulture Produce 2015. MDPI AG, Klybeckstrasse, Basel, Switzerland. pp 277-285.
Introduction
The swine and poultry sub-sectors are among the top economic contributors of the agriculture industry in the Philippines. As such, the ‘wastes’ generated from these animals and the potential damaging effects to the environment should be given priority considerations.
The risks associated with animal manure are complex in nature and when not handled properly can cause damages to human and environment.
o Eutrophication
o Bacterial leaching
o Groundwater/surface water contamination
o Blue-baby syndrome
o Gastro-intestinal diseases
o Heavy metals accumulation..etc…
Manure Production for Lucban, Quezon, Philippines
PM- 54-105 kg/day SM– 31-66 kg/day
PM- 327-525 kg/day SM-148-318 kg/day
Introduction
There are specific food quality and safety issues related to organic food production and they are greatly affected by farm agricultural inputs such as organic fertilizers and other soil conditioners.
An increase in the quality of the composting products and quality control (absence of pathogenic microorganisms) would make animal manures more competitive with chemical fertilizers.
Introduction
Compost made from animal manure is an effective material for improving the physical and chemical properties of soil.
However, pathogens hazardous to human health can be introduced to compost when animal manures are used as raw materials.
The quality of compost and its varying nutrient composition also limit its efficient use.
With these concerns, it is necessary to design an environmentally recycling system for animal manures.
The production of high-quality compost and the densification or pelletizing technology are solutions to these concerns.
Densification of compost or pelletizing could reduce the costs of transportation, handling and storage and adjusting the nutrient content by adding required materials.
Pellet fertilizer provided also a gradual nutrient supply for a long period of time, which improves N fertilizer use efficiency and reduces N (N-nitrate) leaching losses.
An effective solution is to apply densification technology.
Objectives To study the major issues associated in the utilization of animal wastes as organic fertilizer;
Produce ‘Quality’ organic fertilizers from livestock and poultry wastes which are safe for agricultural use.
To demonstrate the application of densified organic fertilizers in an organic horticulture production system.
Composting and densification
technology
Pot experiment
Preparation of raw materials
Mix all materials with animal manure with known proportion
Water compost and turn at specified time
Check temperature regularly
Check maturity of the compost after 6-8 wks
Get samples for laboratory analysis
PRODUCTION OF MATURED ‘QUALITY’ COMPOST
Steps in composting of animal manure.
soya meal
Gliricidia sepium
Carbonized rice hull
Rice ash
Alumino-silicate
material
Molasses
Rice bran
Poultrymanure
Swine manure
Flow chart of pelletized organic fertilizer production
Properties Organic
Fertilizer
Compost/Soil
Conditioner
Total NPK 5-7% (5-10%) 2-<5%
C:N 12:1-20:1 12:1-20:1 (10:1)
Organic Matter > 20% > 20%
Moisture Content 30-35% 30-35%
Color Brown to Black Brown to Black
Consistency Friable Friable
Odor No-foul odor No-foul odor
Philippine National Standards for Organic Fertilizer (BAFPS, 2013)
T8 Chemical Fertilizer 2.85 2.75 31.34 28.56 5.73 6.43
Organic Matter, Cation Exchange Capacity and pH of Alipit
Clay (Typic Tropudalfs) after corn- bush sitao croppings
Molding composted livestock wastes into pellets can solve problems such as:
(a) high moisture content,
(b) high volume per
unit of weight
(c) low density
(c) changing nutrient
composition
• It allows for a more uniform and efficient application.
• It releases nutrients slowly over time as plants need them.
• More stable aggregates.
Benefit of using pelletized compost
Benefits of densified organic fertilizers
Raw compost (a) and pelletized organic fertilizer (b).
Simple Aggregate Stability Test
Potential Impact to Organic Agriculture
Promotes the recycling of animal and plant wastes and the use of pelletized organic fertilizer to avoid soil NO3-N pollution and eutrophication.
The ‘products’ developed can be used as a method for slow-release of N fertilizer that reduces leaching losses and enhanced nitrogen uptake, as well
as positive effects on both health and soil nutrient levels.
Introduced methods of fertilizing crops which takes into account human health and the needs of the environment.
Established technology for producing high-quality organic fertilizer from animal farms which meets the crop requirement and demand of farmers.
Improvement of Soil Quality leading to better Soil Health, Plant Health and Ecosystem Health
SUSTAINABILITY---- Thru Improvement of Soil Quality
The role of erosion on sustainability
TOPSOIL is the capital reserve of every farm.
Ever since mankind started agriculture, erosion of topsoil has been the single largest threat to a soil's productivity—and, consequently, to FARM PROFITABILITY.
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The surface soil: Farmer’s capital
When bacterial populations and SOM decrease,
aggregation declines, and no other glues are
being produced, hence, soil
degradation follows.
Protecting soil from erosion is the first step
toward a sustainable agriculture.
To sustain agriculture means to
sustain soil resources,
because that's the source of a
farmer's livelihood.
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Conclusion The study showed the role of densification technology in producing a good quality organic fertilizers from animal wastes.
At the same time it highlighted the application of these fertilizers to different crops and takes into account the used of soil as receiver of wastes.
Results such as these suggest that densified organic fertilizers may be used as alternative to chemical fertilizers in an organic horticulture production systems.