Qualitative Research: What is the Total Quality Framework?

Qualitative Research

What is the Total Quality Framework?

Adapted from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach

(Roller, M.R. & Lavrakas, P. J., 2015. New York: Guilford Press)

What is the TQF?

What is the TQF?

What is the Total Quality Framework? ● Adapted from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach

(Roller, M.R. & Lavrakas, P. J., 2015. New York: Guilford Press) 2

Scope

Coverage • Working with complete & accurate lists.

Sample design • Representativeness of participants to the target

population (fair & balanced representation). • Sorting (stratifying) the list when relevant

characteristics are known. • Systematic, random selection across the entire list.

Nonresponse • Strategies to gain access to & cooperation from

participants.

Credibility

What is the TQF?

What is the Total Quality Framework? ● Adapted from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach

(Roller, M.R. & Lavrakas, P. J., 2015. New York: Guilford Press) 3

Data Gathering Content/information obtained

• Interviewer, moderator guide. • Observation guide & grid.

Researcher effects • Interviewer, moderator, observer bias.

– Reflexive journal • Interviewer, moderator, observer inconsistency.

– Training

Participant effects • Willingness/ability to provide information.

– Building rapport • Altering behavior (Hawthorne effect).

– Post-observation debriefing

Credibility (continued)

What is the TQF?

What is the Total Quality Framework? ● Adapted from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach

(Roller, M.R. & Lavrakas, P. J., 2015. New York: Guilford Press) 4

What is the TQF?

What is the TQF?

What is the Total Quality Framework? ● Adapted from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach

(Roller, M.R. & Lavrakas, P. J., 2015. New York: Guilford Press) 6

Processing

Transcriptions • Qualities of the transcriptionist.

Coding • Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software

(CAQDAS). – Can be useful but it is not sufficient.

• Intercoder reliability.

(continued)

Analyzability

What is the TQF?

What is the Total Quality Framework? ● Adapted from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach

(Roller, M.R. & Lavrakas, P. J., 2015. New York: Guilford Press) 7

Processing (continued)

Making sense of the data

• Selecting the unit of analysis.

• Developing unique codes.

• Coding.

• Identifying categories.

• Identifying themes or patterns.

• Drawing interpretations & implications from the data.

Analyzability (continued)

What is the TQF?

What is the Total Quality Framework? ● Adapted from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach

(Roller, M.R. & Lavrakas, P. J., 2015. New York: Guilford Press) 8

Verification

Add meaning & depth to the data to better inform researcher’s interpretations & recommendations

Evidence to support/refute findings

Types: • Peer debriefings • Triangulation • Deviant cases • Reflexive journal

Analyzability (continued)

What is the TQF?

What is the Total Quality Framework? ● Adapted from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach

(Roller, M.R. & Lavrakas, P. J., 2015. New York: Guilford Press) 9

What is the TQF?

What is the TQF?

What is the TQF?

What is the Total Quality Framework? ● Adapted from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach

(Roller, M.R. & Lavrakas, P. J., 2015. New York: Guilford Press) 12

“Thick description” of details in the final document Give consumers of the research what they need to:

• Understand the people &/or phenomena under investigation.

• Assign value to the interpretations & recommendations. • Evaluate the transferability to other contexts.

Types of information to include: • Comprehensiveness of the lists for sampling. • Rationale for the number of research events (e.g., IDIs). • Nonresponse, problems in gaining cooperation. • Decisions in the field that altered the design or objectives. • Operational logistics (e.g., group facility, observers). • Transcription, coding, & verification processes. • Researcher’s field notes, reflexive journal.

Transparency

What is the TQF?

What is the Total Quality Framework? ● Adapted from Applied Qualitative Research Design: A Total Quality Framework Approach

(Roller, M.R. & Lavrakas, P. J., 2015. New York: Guilford Press) 13

What is the TQF?

What is the TQF?

What is the TQF?