QR Codes..Seminar

8/3/2019 QR Codes..Seminar

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Contents

IntroductionProblem DefinitionEme rg enc eFea tur esH istory of St a nd a rdiz a tion a nd Outlin e Sp ecific a tionC onfiguration(h/w,s/w)Ver sion a nd Modul e Siz e

Sy stem Configur a tionR ee d-Solo m on E rror Corr ection T echniqu eStructur e of QR Cod eApplic a tion sF utur e scop eL im ita tion s

Conclu sion



Introduction

³

a matrix code or a 2 dimensional bar code

created by Japanese corporation Denso Wave´



PROBLEM DEFINATION



Em ergence

A QR Cod e hold s d a ta in both V ertical a nd Horizontal dir ection s.



Fea tur es

H igh C a pa city E ncoding of D a ta

Sma ll Printout Siz e

Dirt a nd D ama ge R es ista nt

R ea da bl e fro m a ny dir ection in 360°

Structur ed App end Fea tur e



H igh C a p a city E ncoding of D a ta

A QR Code symbol of this size canencode 300 alphanumericcharacters.



Sma ll Print Out Siz e

A QR Code encodes the same amount of data inapproximately one-tenth the space of a traditional Bar Code.



Dirt a nd D ama ge R es ista nt

Da ta ca n b e r es tor ed eve n if th e

sym bol i s pa rti a lly dirty or

dama ged .

M ax im um 30% of cod e word s ca n

be r es tor ed .



R ea da bl e fro m a ny dir ection in 360°

P osition detection patterns gu a r a nt ee sta bl e high spee dr ea ding, circu mve nting th e nega tive eff ect s of b a ckgroundint erf er enc e.



S tructured App end Feature

Th ese cod es ca n b e di vid ed into

m ultipl e d a ta a r eas.

Con ve r se ly, infor ma tion stor ed

in m ultipl e Cod e sym bol s ca n

be r econ struct ed as singl e da ta

sym bol s.

On e da ta sym bol c a n b e di vid ed

into up to 16 sym bol s,

a llowing printing in a na rrow

a r ea.



H istory of QR Cod e St a nd a rdiz a tion

QR Cod e St a nd a rdiz a tion

Octob er,1997

A ppro ve d as A IM Int ern a tion a l (A uto ma tic Id entific a tion M a nuf a ctur er sInt ern a tion a l) sta nd a rd (ISS - QR Cod e)

M a rch, 1998A ppro ve d as JE ID A (Ja pa nese E lectronic Indu stry D eve lop me nt

Ass oci a tion) sta nd a rd ( JE ID A -55)

Ja nu a ry,1999

A ppro ve d as J IS ( Ja p a n ese Indu stri a l St a nd a rd s) sta nd a rd ( J IS X 0510)

J un e , 2000 A ppro ve d as ISO int ern a tion a l sta nd a rd (ISO/I E C18004)

No v, 2004Micro QR Cod e is Appro ve d as J IS ( Ja pa nese Indu stri a l St a nd a rd s)

sta nd a rd ( J IS X 0510)



Q R Code Outline S p ecifications

Sy m bol size 21 × 21 - 177 × 177 m odul es (size grow s by 4 m odul es /sid e)

Typ e & Am ountof D a ta (Mi xe d u se is po ss ibl e. )

Nu me ric M ax. 7,089 ch a r a ct er s

A lph a nu me ric M ax. 4,296 ch a r a ct er s

8-bit byt es (bin a ry) M ax. 2,953 ch a r a ct er s

E rror corr ection(d a ta r es tor a tion)

Leve l LAppro x. 7% of cod e word s

ca n b e r es tor ed .

Leve l MAppro x. 15% of cod e

word s ca n b e r es tor ed .

Leve l QAppro x. 25% of cod e

word s ca n b e r es tor ed .

Leve l H Appro x. 30% of cod eword s ca n b e r es tor ed .



Sym bol Ver sion s.. 1 to 40



Modul e size

Print er Hea d D en sity

Sca nn er Fa ctor s



QR COD E SYST E M CON F IGUR ATION

QO Cod e

print er

Sca nn er or a

m obil e phon e



R EE D SO L OMON E RROR CORR E CTION

It work s by o ve r sam pling a polyno m ia l con struct ed fro m th e d a ta.

Th ey a r e u se d in wid e va ri ety of co mme rci a l a pplic a tion s,

m ost pro m in ently in CD s a nd D VDs.

Th er e a r e 4 leve ls of error corr ection th a tdeter m in e th e sym bol ve r sion .

R a ising thi s leve l incr eases th e am ount of da ta QR Cod e size.



S tructure of a Q R Code

W hit e a nd Bl a ck c ells a r e ca lled

³F inder P attern´ a nd ³T iming

P attern´.

In y ellow color p a rt s, ³ encoded

data´ is stor ed .

In Cy a n color p a rt s, ³F ormat

F ormation´ is stor ed .



App lications

You point your c ell phon e came r a

a t it, t a k e a sna p shot a nd pr es to!



App lications Contd..

Proc ess of cr ea ting a se lf cont a in ed still image representation forvid eo a nd pl a yb a ck without a ccess ing a se r ve r.



App lications Contd..

Groc ery stor es ca n h ave th ese cod es on it s items so th a t

cu sto me r c a n downlo a d a ll kind s of nutrition a l infor ma tion .

In th e a uto m oti ve indu stry .

In libr a ri es.

In Ph a r ma cy.



Lim itations

Th ese QR Cod es a r e a lw a ys squ a r e a nd th e m ini m um QR Cod e Siz e is

21*21 .

Th e size grow s a t a rbitr a ry 4 m odul es per sid e.

³F ind er P a tt ern´ a r e ve ry indu stry looking a nd t a k e up a lot of spa ce.

To se nd a nd r eceive messa ges , h a nd se ts m u st b e web ena bl ed .

Th ese cod es pro vid e a lot of pri va cy which c a n pro ve to b e a soci a l h a za rd .



Future S co p e

Ha ndling of obj ect s with ma rk s by a robot

Mo vie QR Cod es

It incorpor a tes m oving i ma ges into th e des ign .



Conclusions

It i s a 2D B a r Cod e or a M a tri x Cod e.

It c a n b e progr amme d both horizont a lly a nd ve rtic a lly.

QR Cod es ca n b e r ea d fro m a ny dir ection .

Da ta ca n b e r es tor ed eve n if QR cod e is dama ged or torn p a rti a lly.

Th ese cod es a r e ve ry int er a cti ve.

It h as wid e a pplic a tion in m obil e phon es , robotic s, ph a r ma cy, indu stry etc .



References

[1] . K a tsuki, R .; Ot a , J.; Tam ur a , Y.; Mizut a , T.; Kito, T .; A r a i, T .; Ueyama , T .; Ni shiy ama , T .," Ha ndling of obj ect s with ma rk s by a robot," I ntelligent Robots and Systems, 2003. ( I ROS 2003). P roceedings. 2003 IEEE/ RSJ I nternational Conference on , vol.1, no ., pp . 130-135 vol.1, 27-31 Oct . 2003 " .

[2] . Fa las , K as h a ni, "Two-Di me n sion a l B a r-Cod e Decoding with C ame r a -E quipp ed Mobil e Phon es ," percomw , pp . 597-600, F ifth I EEE Int ern a tion a l Conf er enc e on P er vas ive Co m puting a ndCo mm unic a tion s W ork shop s (P erCo m W' 07), 2007

[3] . Ha r a Akihiro( As uk a ya kkyoku) Ku sunoki Kiyo m i(As uk a ya kkyoku) Kurob e Ta k a hiro(D en so Corp .,J PN) ³A pplic a tion of QR Cod e in M edicin e´, Ja pa n J ourn a l of M edic a l Infor ma tic s, 2000, vol 20 .

[4] . Appli ed A lgebr a , A lgebr a ic A lgorith ms a nd E rror-Corr ecting Cod es: 12th ...By T eo Mor a , Ha rold F. M a tt son .

[5] . Introduction to th e Th eory of E rror-Corr ectingBy Ver a Pl ess.

[6] . Ha ndbook of Co m bin a tori a l D es ign sBy C . J. (Ch a rl es J. ) Colbourn, Je ffr ey H. Dinitz



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