QoS NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol for Mobility Support with Cross-Layer Approach

November 17, 2009November 17, 2009Lee, SooyongLee, Sooyong

[email protected] [email protected]

November 17November 17thth, 2009, 2009 22

1.1. IntroductionIntroduction2.2. BackgroundBackground3.3. MotivationMotivation4.4. Proposed ApproachProposed Approach

OverviewOverview Host movement Detection using L2 InformationHost movement Detection using L2 Information CRN DiscoveryCRN Discovery Advance ReservationAdvance Reservation Localized State UpdateLocalized State Update

5.5. Implementation and Experimental ResultImplementation and Experimental Result Experimental Testbed ConfigurationExperimental Testbed Configuration Average Data Transmission RateAverage Data Transmission Rate Application: MPEG Video StreamingApplication: MPEG Video Streaming

6.6. Simulation StudySimulation Study7.7. ConclusionConclusion8.8. ReferencesReferences

November 17November 17thth, 2009, 2009

Need for QoS Guarantees in Mobile InternetNeed for QoS Guarantees in Mobile InternetIncreasing demand for real-time multimedia services for mobile users

VoIP, Video streaming, Video Conferencing, IPTV etc.

Multimedia application characteristicsRequire large bandwidth

Highly sensitive to delay and jitter

Loss-tolerant for the most part

Limitations on QoS guarantees in Mobile InternetLimitations on QoS guarantees in Mobile InternetCharacteristics of Wireless Links

Limited bandwidth

Error-prone wireless links

Service instability due to host mobilityHandoff latency

Traffic redirection overhead

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Mobility Management ProtocolsMobility Management ProtocolsSession Initiation Protocol (SIP)

Pre-call Mobility, mid-call Mobility

Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)

Multi-stream features

Mobile IPMobile IPv4/IPv6, Hierarchical Mobile IP, Proxy Mobil IP etc.

Other supporting technologyOther supporting technologyIEEE 802.21 Media Independent Handover

Layer 2.5

Provide link layer information to upper layer mobility management protocols

44

IEEE 802.21 MIHIEEE 802.21 MIH


IETF Internet QoS ArchitectureIETF Internet QoS ArchitectureIntegrated Service (IntServ)

Per-flow based resource reservation for real-time applicationsService Models: Guranteed service, Controlled load, best-effortPriority queues for packet scheduling and admission control in each router

Differentiated Service (DiffServ)Coarse-grained QoS differentiationPacket labeling based on service classes (TOS field in IP packet)Service level agreement (SLA) among ISPs

Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP)Resource reSerVation Protocol (RSVP)Signaling protocol for IntServReservation of network resources in hop-by-hop fashionReceiver-initiated signalingSoft-state: non-permanent control state will expire unless refreshedOne-to-one or many-to-many multicast QoS reservation

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Next Steps in Signaling (NSIS)Next Steps in Signaling (NSIS)New General Signaling Protocol suite proposed by IETF(RFC 4080, 2005)NSIS Protocol Suite Features

Two Layer Architecture (NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol and NSIS Transport Layer Protocol)Session-based signalingInteract with both reliable and unreliable Transport protocols (TCP, UDP, SCTP, DCCP etc.)Support Various QoS Models (IntServe, DiffServ, 3GPP, Y.1541 etc.)Provide Security mechanismBidirectional ReservationSupport MobilitySupport Mobility

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<Logical Components in an NSIS-aware node [8]>


NSIS Signaling Scenario [8]NSIS Signaling Scenario [8]NSIS entities: peer relationship

Each entity may store soft-statesoft-state information about peers

Type of NSIS EntitiesNSIS initiator (NI)

NSIS forwarders (NFs)

NSIS responder (NR)

Not all routersNot all routers along the data path need to be NSIS-aware

QoS NSLP OperationQoS NSLP OperationSupports both sender-initiated and receiver-initiated reservations

Message TypesQUERY, RESERVE, RESPONSE, NOTIFY

<NSIS signaling scenario between host and edge node>

<Basic a) sender-initiated and b) receiver-initiated protocol operation>


Comparison of RSVP and NSIS [8]Comparison of RSVP and NSIS [8]

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NSIS Tunnel Signaling [9]NSIS Tunnel Signaling [9]The tunneling path is considered as non-NSIS-aware cloud.

When errors occur on the tunnel, the tunnel messages only drop off.

state management complexity increases

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(a) Sender Initiated (b) Receiver Initiated


RSVP extensions for Mobile InternetRSVP extensions for Mobile InternetDifficult to deploy due to shortcomings of RSVP

Mobility-related features of NSISMobility-related features of NSISNot yet fully validated

Problems of conventional NSIS [9]Session re-establishment after handoff procedureafter handoff procedure

(100 ms delay only for this)

Overhead of complex mechanisms for discovering Crossover Node in Mobile IP tunnel

Applicable NSIS in mobile access networksApplicable NSIS in mobile access networks

To reduce latency due to signaling session re-establishmentTo reduce latency due to signaling session re-establishment

To address Mobile IP tunneling problems

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Cross-layer DesignCross-layer DesignHost Movement detection using L2 Information through Layer 2 APILayer 2 API

Mobility Control modules in QoS NSLP LayerMobility Control modules in QoS NSLP LayerNo Modifications in GIST Layer

Advance reservation, CRN Discovery, Localized State Update modules

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<Existing NSIS Protocol Stack> <Proposed NSIS Protocol Stack>


Overall ProcedureOverall ProcedureBefore a Handoff ( )

Step 1. Receiving L2 beacon frame from new AR, MN notifies with Handoff_Init

Step 2. Each QNE on old path determines whether it is CRN or not

Step 3. If a QNE is the CRN, it reserves resources on the new path in a passive way

After a Handoff ( )Step 4. MN notifies its handoff

completion toward the new path and each QNE on new path activate passive reservation

Step 5. CRN requests state update on the common path

Step 6. CRN teardown old session


Step 1. Cross-layer Interaction with Layer 2 (Link Layer)Step 1. Cross-layer Interaction with Layer 2 (Link Layer)Movement Prediction with Signal Strength of Access Points

Initiate Advance reservation Procedure at Cell Scan Threshold (CST)

Trigger handoff at Cell Switching Point (CSP)

Activate Passive reservation on the new path when Mobile IP handoff completes

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Step 2. CRN DiscoveryStep 2. CRN DiscoveryQoS NSLP NOTIFY message with Handoff Initiation (HO_INIT) flag

Message includes Changed Message Routing Information (MRI) – flow ID

Look up Routing table for determining whether it is CRN or not

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An ExampleAn Example


Step 3. Advance ReservationStep 3. Advance ReservationQoS NSLP stateless RESERVE and RESPONSE message

Stateless message does not install QoS State immediately

→ Just prepare resource reservation

→ For other kinds of traffic

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Step 4. Activation of Advance ReservationStep 4. Activation of Advance ReservationAfter L3 (Mobile IP) handoff completes

NOTIFY message with Handoff Done (HO_DONE) flag initiate activation of passive reservation

Activate passive reservation on the new path after a handoff

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Step 5. Local State UpdateStep 5. Local State UpdateNOTIFY message with Route change (RT_CHG) flag is sent along common path between CRN and CN

Message includes new Message Routing Information (MRI) of which the destination address is new AR’s IP address

Step 6. Old Path TeardownStep 6. Old Path TeardownCRN teardowns previous signaling session on the old path

→ To avoid Invalid NR problem and waste of network resources

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Testbed ConfigurationTestbed Configuration

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OS: Linux kernel 2.6.17Mobile IP: HUT Dynamics 0.8.1Traffic Scheduling: HTB/SFQ


Delay factors of handoff that affects the service disruptionDelay factors of handoff that affects the service disruption


Average Data Transmission RateAverage Data Transmission Rate250 KBs (2 Mbps) reserved200 data packets per sec, each packet 1316 bytesLink capacity: 94.1 (wired) vs. 4.9 (wireless) Mbps

→→ 93.5 Mbps background traffic

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Experimental ScenarioExperimental Scenario

On aforementioned testbed

Background traffic generation:

MGEN tool

Maximum throughput of wired

network: 94.1 Mbps

Wired subnet A: non-congested

Wired subnet B: congested

93.5 Mbps background traffic

1.7 Mbps video traffic

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Comparison of video streaming rate variationsComparison of video streaming rate variations

Video Quality disruption time with conventional NSIS [9]: 7 seconds

Video Quality disruption time with proposed scheme: 13 ms (Negligible!)

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Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of each MPEG video framePeak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of each MPEG video framePSNR < 30.0 dB: video frame severely disruptedPSNR = 78.13 dB: no quality loss in video frame

Average PSNR value variation after a handoffNSIS with advance reservation: 69.1 dB 68.7 dB68.7 dBConventional NSIS: 69.6 dB 49.59 dB49.59 dB

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(a) NSIS with Advance Resource Reservation (b) Conventional NSIS


<Simulation Environment><Simulation Environment>

Parameters Values

MAC IEEE 802.11b

Data rate 11Mbps

Number of ARs 7X7 (49)

Cell Coverage (radius) 250m

Overlapped area 150m

Beacon Interval 100ms

Mobile nodes speed 1.5 m/s ~ 25m/s

Traffic model Poisson traffic


Performance metricsPerformance metricsReservation session blocking ratio

probability that a reservation requests for a wireless cell is blocked due to lack of network resources

Reservation session loss ratioprobability that an MN loses its active reservation path after a handoff due to lack of network resources

Reservation session completion ratioprobability that an MN can complete the reservation session successfully without suffering from any reservation blocking or session loss

Latency of reservation activation after handoffVersus hop count from the new AR and CRN

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ContributionsContributionsExploits shortcomings of RSVP with new signaling protocol NSIS

Lightweight, more flexible, scalable, more secure

Adapting Various Kinds of QoS Models

No Concern of Mobile IP TunnelingNo need to send and receive signaling message over IP-in-IP tunnel explicitly

No additional S/W neededJust some modifications of NSIS Protocol with existing NSIS features

Simplification of advance signaling processOptimized reservation path establishment is not needed

Performance enhancementMinimized additional re-establishment delay after handoff

→→ Fast Signaling session recovery after a handoff in order to support time Fast Signaling session recovery after a handoff in order to support time sensitive multimedia communicationssensitive multimedia communications

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QoS NSIS Signaling Layer Protocol for Mobility Support with Cross-Layer Approach

Documents

nsis tunnel

qos guarantees

nonnsisaware cloud

multicast qos reservation

nonpermanent control

link layer information

hierarchical mobile

softstate information