1 - 0 2010-PTVinh, ĐHBK/KTQL Quản lý dự án QUẢ N Lý DỰ ÁN P1. Tổng quan về quản lý dự án Phan Thế Vinh – Bộ môn Quản lý công nghiệp ĐT: 0983.56.67.78 Email: [email protected] / [email protected] Ym: ptvinhvn
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
QUN L D N
P1. Tng quan v qun l d n
Phan Th Vinh B mn Qun l cng nghip
T: 0983.56.67.78
Email: [email protected] / [email protected]
Ym: ptvinhvn
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Ti sao phi bit qun l d n?
m bo vic thc hin d n tha mn cc rng buc, yu cu
D n khp mi ni, s l c hi tt tham gia vo vic thit k, thm nh, thc hin, qun l v theo di d n.
D n ngy cng c nhn nhn nh l vic xy dng, thit k v thc hin ca chin lc t chc, thit k sn phm
mi, dch v v s thay i t chc
Qun l d n l mi trng l tng o to v la chn cc nh lnh o tng lai
Qun l d n cung cp cu ni tt gip cc k s hay chuyn gia t c v tr qun l trong t chc
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Ni dung
Tng quan v qun l d n
Phn tch, nh gi v la chn d n.
c tnh chi ph, thm nh ti chnh, phn tch ri ro ti chnh, ti tr d n
T chc d n
Lp k hoch v iu phi d n
Kim sot d n: kim sot thi gian v chi ph, qun l gi tr lm ra
Cc vn khc trong d n: xung t, ri ro.
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn 1: Tng quan v qun l d n
1. Khi nim, phn loi u t
2. Khi nim, c trng d n
3. Phn loi d n
4. Ni dung d n u t
5. Khi nim qun l d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Tng quan v d n (tip)
6. Cc chc nng qun l d n
7. Cc yu t thnh cng ca d n
8. Cc bn lin quan n d n
9. Nhng yu t nh hng quan trng n s thnh cng, tht bi ca d n
10. Cc quy lut ca qun l d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Hot ng b vn ti hin ti nhm thu c li ch kinh t x hi trong tng lai sau mt thi gian di
L vic nh u t b vn bng cc loi ti sn hu hnh hoc v hnh hnh thnh ti sn tin hnh cc hot ng u t (iu 3.11 Lut u t 29.11.05)
Phn bit u c v u t? (ti u c iu160 b lut hnh s)- Thng tin- c quynXem xt u t di gc ri ro?
Khi nim u t
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Chc nng qun l vn
Ngun vn u t
Theo phm vi u t
Mc ch u t
Ngnh, lnh vc u t
Theo hnh thc u t
Theo c tnh ca dng tin (xem phn loi d n)
Phn loi u t
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
u t bng ngun vn trong nc
u t bng ngun vn ngoi nc
u t bng vn CSH (vn t c)
u t bng vn vay
Theo ngh nh 16 ca CP ngy 7/2/2005 v ngh nh 112 ngy 29/9/2006
Vn ngn sch nh nc;
Vn tn dng do Nh nc bo lnh, vn tn dng u t pht trin ca Nh nc;
Vn u t pht trin ca doanh nghip nh nc;
Vn khc bao gm c vn t nhn hoc s dng hn hp nhiu ngun vn.
Theo ngun vn u t
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
u t trc tip: Ch u t trc tip thamgia qun l vn. Gm hai loi
o u t pht trin: gia tng gi tr ti sn
o u t dch chuyn: dch chuyn quyn shu
u t gin tip: Ch u t khng trc tiptham gia qun l vn
Chc nng qun l vn
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
u t mi
u t chiu su
u t m rng
u t thay th thit b
Ch
Phn loi mang tnh cht tng i
ri ro gim dn
Theo mc ch u t
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
D n l tp hp nhng xut v vic b vn to
mi, m rng hay ci to nhng i tng nht nh
nhm t c s tng trng v s lng, ci tin hoc
nng cao cht lng ca sn phm hay dch v no
trong mt khong thi gian xc nh
(N 16/2005/CP v ND 112 v Quy ch qun l u t xy dng cng trnh)
Tp hp cc xut b vn trung v di hn tin hnh u t trn a bn c th, trong khang thi gian c th - Lut u t
Khi nim d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
D n l n lc ln v phc tp c to thnh bi
nhiu cng vic c lin quan ln nhau, nhm hon
thnh trong mt thi gian xc nh mt tp hp cc
mc tiu nh trc, vi k hoch v ngun lc
c xc nh r.
Khi nim khc v d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Mang tnh cht tm thi C vng i gii hn vi cc c tnh cc giai on khc nhau
Tnh duy nht:Mc tiu, nhim v, con ngi, lch trnh, vn khc nhau...
Cc mc tiu r rng v c th
Tp hp phc tp
Lin quan n nhiu hot ng, Bao gm nhiu c nhn, t chc, S tham gia ca nhiu chc nng
L mt thc th c to mi, xut hin ln uKm theo cc thay i v bt nh:
Thay i gia cc giai on khc nhau trong chu k sng Cc thay i do khch hng, nh qun l, s pht trin ca cng
ngh...
Thay i mi trng ca d n
c trng ca d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Vng i ca d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn loi theo mc ch u t
Phn loi theo quy m
Phn loi theo u ra ca d n
Phn loi theo ngnh ngh
Theo m hnh xy dng, khai thc v chuyn giao
Theo mi quan h gia cc d n
Cc kiu d n c xem xt:
D n cng nghip v d n kinh doanh
D n c s h tng v xy dng dn dng, k thut
D n pht trin v t chc,
Phn loi d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn loi theo quy m: ln-nh
D n ln: c c trng bi tng kinh ph ln, s lng cc bn tham gia ng, thi gian d n di v nh hng mnh n mi trng kinh t v sinh thi
D n nh: c c tnh ngc vi d n ln, khng i hi kinh ph nhiu, thi gian thc hin ngn, khng phc tp v nh hng khng mnh n mi trng kinh t v sinh thi
Ti Vit nam: Phn loi theo quy m v tnh cht quan trng A,B,C - phn cp qun l, u i
Phn loi d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn loi d n
Phn loi theo u ra ca d n
- D n u t mi
- D n u t chiu su
- D n u t m rng
- D n u t thay th thit b
Ch :phn loi mang tnh tng i
Mc
ri ro gim dn
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn loi d n
Phn loi theo ngnh ngh:
D n trong lnh vc cng nghip
D n trong lnh vc nng nghip
D n trong lnh vc giao thng vn ti
D n trong lnh vc thng mi dch v
D n trong lnh vc xy dng, th
D n trong lnh vc y t, gio dc, x hi
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn loi d n
BOO: xy dng, khai thc v s hu
BCC: hp ng hp tc kinh doanh
BOT: xy dng, khai thc, chuyn giao
BTO: xy dng, chuyn giao, khai thc
BT: xy dng chuyn giao
(B Build, T Transfert, O Operate, O Own)
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn loi d n
Phn loi theo mi quan h gia cc d n
o D n c lp: Vic quyt nh u t d n ny khng nh hng n quyt nh u t (thu nhp, chi ph) cc d n khc v ngc li
o D n ph thuc
D n b sung: Tng li ch v/hoc gim chi ph
D n thay th : Tng chi ph v/hoc gim li ch Thay th ln nht: d n loi tr
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn loi d n
Phn loi theo c tnh dng tin
o D n u t thng thng: Dng tin i du mt
ln
o D n u t khng thng thng: Dng tin khng
i du hoc i du nhiu ln
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc giai on d n
Xc nh u t
Phn tch v lp d n
Thm nh v ph duyt
Thc hin u t
Nghim thu, tng kt, gii th
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
G1: Xc nh , c hi u t
C nhim v pht hin nhng lnh vc c tim nng, cc u t:
Nhu cu kh nng p ng th trng
Chin lc pht trin kinh t
Khai thc v s dng cha c hiu qu ngun lc
Thiu iu kin vt cht pht trin kinh t x hi
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
G2: Phn tch v lp d n
Nghin cu chi tit u t c xut trn mi phng din: t chc, kinh t, ti chnh, k thut, mi trng,
Nghin cu tin kh thi
Nghin cu kh thi
=> Bo co u t Thit k c s - Thit k k thut
Cc bc trong phn tch v lp d n ty thuc vo quy m ca d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
G3: Ph duyt v thm nh
Thm nh v ph duyt d n c phn tch v lp giai on trc.
Sa cha, thay i hoc hy b d n
c thc hin bi cc ch th:
Nh nc
Ch u t
Ngn hng,
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
G4: Trin khai thc hin d n
Trin khai thc hin d n c lp ph duyt
Thng c nhng sai lch so vi k hoch c lp
Chim thi gian ch yu trong vng i d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
G5: Nghim thu tng kt v gii th
Nghim thu cc thnh qu ca d n
Tng kt, rt ra cc bi hc kinh nghim
Tin hnh gii th d n: Thanh l ti sn, sp xp lao ng ca d n,
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Kim sot
Bo co
Yu cu Chi ph/ Tnh Mc tiu Ri ro Nhn lc
pht trin Li ch kh thi Cc gii php
ch cht
Xc nh d n
Thc hin X l ngoi l
nh gi
Hon thnh d n
Mc tiu - Kt qu
Nhu cu/C hi
Lp k hoch
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Qun l d n
L qu trnh thc hin cc chc nng ca qun l
(Lp k hoch d n, T chc d n, iu phi
thc hin d n, Kim tra gim st d n) nhm
t c mc tiu ca d n
Qu trnh ch o cc n lc v cc ngun lc
(thi gian, nguyn vt liu, nhn s, ti chnh)
hon thnh mt d n c th mt cch kinh t,
theo trt t hp l; nhm t cc mc tiu nh
trc ca d n v lm hi lng cc bn lin
quan.
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Qun l d n
Ai cn qun l d n?
Tt c cc nh qun l d n
Tt c cc thnh vin ca e kip d n
Ngi tham gia vo vic thit k, lp khoch, thm nh, ti tr, theo di, nh gi v
h tr d n
Cc bn tham gia vo vic thc hin d n
..
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
5 giai on ca chu trnh qun l d n
Thit k
Lp
k hoch
T chc
thc hin
Gim st
thc hin
Kt thc
d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Thit k d n
Xc nh nhu cu v cc c hi :
Xc nh cc mc tiu ca d n:
Lit k cc mc ch ca d n
Xc nh s b cc ngun lc
Xc nh cc gi thit v ri ro gp phi
Kt qu: Thit k tng quan ca d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc mc tiu ca d n cn S.M.A.R.T
C th (Specific)
o c (Measurable)
Phn cng c (Assignable)
Thc t (Realistic)
C tnh thi gian (Time-bound)
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Lp k hoch thc hin d n
Xc nh phm vi ca d n, cc cng vic, kt qu v cc chi tit k thut
D kin thi gian, chi ph v cc ngun lc khc
Ln tin cc cng vic ca d n
Xc nh cc cng vic cn c bit lu tm
Lp k hoch gim st v kim sot d n
Vit v duyt cng ca d n
Tho thun v k hp ngDanh sch v lch trnh cc cng vic, m t v ngn
sch, cng d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
T chc d n
Xc nh nhu cu nhn lc
Tuyn dng cc thnh vin d n
T chc nhm thc hin d n
Phn cng cng vic v trch nhim cho cc thnh vin ca nhm
Kt qu: S t chc v nhn lc WBS, LRC
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Gim st v nh gi d n
Xc nh phng thc qun l ph hp
Thit lp cc cng c gim st v iu khin
Tin hnh gim st v nh gi thng xuyn
Gii quyt cc vn v mu thun
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Kt thc d n
t c s chp nhn ca khch hng v cc bn
lin quan chnh
Cung cp ti liu v d n v a ra bo co cui
cng
nh gi cc nhu cu h tr d n trong tng lai
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cu hi:
Gi thit rng bn nh gi d n ca mnh vo giai on kt thc d n. Lm th no bn c th bit rng d n c thnh cng hay khng?
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Tiu ch thnh cng ca d n
Thi gian
Cht lng
u ra
Chi ph
Hi lng cabn lin quan
ch yu
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc bn lin quan lin quan ca d n
L nhng c nhn hoc t chc
C quan tm su sc ti s thnh cng (hay tht
bi) ca d n
C nh hng quan trng ti kt qu ca d n
(v cc hot ng ca d n)
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Nhng bn lin quan ca mt d n
Ban lnh o v/hoc ch d n
Ban qun l d n
Cc nh ti tr cc nh thu/ nh thu ph/ nh cung cp
Nhng ngi s dng thnh qu ca d n
Cc nhm quan tm khc
T vn v c vn
Bo ch
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
iu kin thnh cng quan trng ca d n
mc tiu d n
qun l d n
ng h ca cp lnh o
cc thnh vin trong nhm d n
phn phi y ngun lc
cc knh thng tin thch hp
c ch kim sot
thch ng vi khch hng
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Nguyn nhn tht bi thng gp ca d n
Ch c cc thnh vin ca nhm thc hin d n quan tm n thnh cng ca d n
Thiu phn cng trch nhim
K hoch d n khng hp l v khng chi tit
D n b thiu vn
Cc ngun lc khng c phn b y
Thiu h thng gim st v kim sot hu hiu
Khng c s trao i thng tin
D n i chch mc tiu ra ban u
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc k thut qun l d n chung
K thut thm nh:
Thm nh ti chnh
Phn tch ri ro
K thut lp k hoch:
Phn tch cu trc cng vic
Lp lch trnh v c lng thi gian
Chi ph v thi gian (CPM phng php ng ti hn)
Cc cng c lp k hoch khc: Ma trn trch nhim, PERT
K thut kim sot d n:
Phng php gi tr lm ra
Khung gii quyt vn
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc vn qun l trong qun l d n
Qun l xung t
Qun l ri ro
Phn tch v to lp gii quyt vn
Thng tin
Lnh o v xy dng nhm
Qun l thi gian
Cc vn khc?
Vn g ni bt nht trong d n ca bn?
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc quy lut qun l d n (1)
1. Khng c d n ln no c thc hin ng thi hn, trong gii hn v ngn sch, hoc vi cng mt i ng nhn vin lc n bt u c. D n ca bn khng phi l d n u tin nh vy.
2. Cc d n tin hnh rt nhanh cho n khi t c 90% cng vic v ri s mi dng li con s 90%
3. Li th ca cc mc tiu khng r rng l gip cho bn khi cm thy bi ri khi phi c tnh nhng chi ph tng ng.
4. Khi mi vic din ra tt p th chc chn c mt ci g ang trc trc. Khi mi vic tng nh l ti t nht, th n cn c th ti t hn na. Khi mi vic c v c chiu hng tt ln, th c th bn b qua mt ci g .
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc quy lut qun l d n (2)
5. Nu ni dung ca d n c cho php thay i t do, th tc thay i s vt qu tc tin trin ca d n
6. Khng c h thng no hon ton khng c li. Vic c gng g li cho mt h thng chc chn s a vo nhng li mi kh tm thy hn.
7. D n c lp k hoch khng cn thn s ko di thi gian hon thnh gp 3 ln so vi d kin. D n c lp k hoch cn thn s ch ko di thi gian gp 2 ln thi.
8. Nhng ngi lm d n ght cay ght ng vic bo co tin bi iu s lm l ra vic d n ca h thiu s tin trin.
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cu hi tho lun
Phn bit mt d n v
mt phng chc nng
?
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
QUN L D N
Phn 2 Phn tch nh gi v la chn d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch, nh gi v la chn d n
1. Ni dung phn tch v lp d n (Nghin cu kh thi d n ) Lp bo co u t
2. Phn tch ti chnh d n
a) Phn tch nh hng ca khu hao v li vay
b) nh gi hiu qu ca d n
c) Xc nh dng tin d n
d) Phn tch nh hng ca lm pht
3. Cc phng php nh gi v la chn d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn 1: Phn tch v lp d n
Nghin cu kh thi d n (phn tch v lp d n)
Nghin cu kh thi - FS l qu trnh iu tra nghin cu mt u t (mt vn ) v pht trin gii php mc
chi tit va xc nh rng n kh thi v mt k thut
v c th thc hin c v phng din kinh t cng nh
xng ng pht trin.
Nghin cu kh thi l mt s minh chng vi mt bo coth hin tt c nhng kh nng ca d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Ni dung nghin cu kh thi
1. Nghin cu tnh hnh k.t tng qut
2. Nghin cu th trng
3. Nghin cu k thut
4. Nghin cu ti chnh
5. Nghin cu t chc qun l
6. Nghin cu kinh t x hi
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
1. Nghin cu tnh hnh kinh t tng qut
a. c im chung
iu kin a l, t nhin, a hnh, kh hu...
Dn s v lao ng: D tnh cu v khuynh hng tiu th sn phm.
Chnh tr: Chnh sch kinh t v qun l ca gii cm quyn
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
b. c im kinh t x hi
Tng sn phm x hi: u t, tiu th v tch lu: GNP, GDP, I/GDP...
Tnh hnh ngoi hi: Cn cn thanh ton ngoi hi, d tr ngoi t, n nc ngoi.
c. H thng kinh t v cc chnh sch
C cu t chc h thng kinh t
Chnh sch pht trin, ci t c cu,..
K hoch kinh t quc dn
Tnh hnh ngoi thng
1. Nghin cu tnh hnh kinh t tng qut
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
2. Nghin cu th trng
Mc ch: Lm r 3 vn
Nhu cu hng ho ca d n
Tnh hnh cung ca hng ha ca d n
To ra ch ng ca sn phm trn th trng bng cnh tranh v khuyn th ra sao
Ni dung:
Nhu cu hng ho, dch v
H thng phn phi
Gi c
Xc tin bn hng
Cnh tranh
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.Nghin cu k thut d n
Xc nh k thut v quy trnh sn xut, a imsx v nhu cu sx mt cch ti u v ph hp
nht vi nhng iu kin hin c trong nc m
vn m bo c cc yu cu v cht lng v s
lng sn phm qua nghin cu th trng
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3. Nghin cu k thut d n
c tnh sn phm v Kim tra cht lng.
Phng php v k thut sn xut.
Thit b, my mc.
Cng sut ca d n.
c tnh v nhu cu nguyn vt liu.
Lao ng
C s h tng, t ai v a im ca nh my, xy dng
X l cht thi nhim mi trng
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.1. c tnh v cht lng sn phm
Xc nh c tnh k thut, cc tiu chun cn phi t c. So snh vi cc sp, tiu chun trong v
ngoi nc.
Xc nh phng php v phng tin kim tra cht lng sp. D tr kinh ph cho b phn kim
tra cht lng sp
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.2. K thut v pp sn xut
a. Nghin cu k thut v phng php sx:
+ Bn cht ca k thut sn xut.
+ Tay ngh ca ngi lao ng, kh nng tip thu k
thut.
+ Yu cu NVL, nng lng s dng.
+ Kh nng chuyn sang sx cc mt hng khc.
+ Nh cung cp, cch cung cp v quyn SHCN.
+ Yu cu v vn v ngoi t
b. La chn k thut v pp sn xut:
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.3. My mc v thit b
My mc c la chn theo cc tiu chun: Ph hp vi quy trnh cng ngh
Cht lng tt.
Gi c phi chng, hp vi vn u t.
Tui th v cng sut ph hp.
Ph tng thay th (10-20% chi ph TB), chi ph sa cha.
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.4. Cng sut ca d n
Khi nim: L s sn phm sx c trong mt n v thi gian.
Vic xc nh cng sut da vo:
Nhu cu tiu th sn phm
K thut sn xut v my mc thit b
Kh nng cung ng nguyn vt liu
Chi ph u t v sn xut
o Phn bit cc loi cng sut: thc t, danh ngha,..
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.5. Nguyn vt liu
Bao gm cc nguyn vt liu chnh, ph, vt liu bao
b ng gi. c nghin cu:
Loi NVL c s dng trong d n.
c tnh v cht lng.
Ngun v nhu cu cung cp.
Gi mua
K hoch cung ng v chuyn ch
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.6. C s h tng
Nng lng.
Nc.
H thng giao thng, thng tin lin lc.
H thng x l cht thi, kh thi bo v mi trng.
H thng an ton lao ng, phng chy cha chy.
> nh hng n vn u t v chi ph sn xut ca d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.7. Lao ng, tr gip k thut n.ngoi
Lao ng:
Nhu cu v ngun lao ng.
Lng, ch lao ng, tin lng p.
iu kin sng, BHXH.
Trnh , tay ngh ca ngi lao ng.
S tr gip ca chuyn gia nc ngoi khi tip nhn k thut, thit k, thi cng lp t, chy th
my, o to CN
1 - 64
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.8. a im thc hin d n
Cn c vo 4 yu t sau:
Chnh sch nh nc.
Vn cung cp nguyn vt liu v tiu th sn phm.
C s h tng.
Mi trng t nhin, kinh t x hi.
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.9. t ai v xy dng nh xng
Xy dng cc cng trnh nhm to iu kin v m bo cho dy chuyn thit b sn xut, cng
nhn hot ng c hiu qu v an ton
3.10. X l cht thi gy nhim mi trng
Nghin cu ngun gc cht thi.
Kh nng thu hi, iu ho lu lng
PP x l thch hp
Chi ph thc hin x l cht thi
1 - 66
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
4. Nghin cu v tnh hnh ti chnh
Thng qua phn tch ti chnh, ta xc nh quy m u t, c cu cc loi vn, ngun ti tr cho d n;
tnh ton thu chi l li, nhng li ch mang li cho
ch u t.
Phn tch ti chnh l qu trnh nghin cu nh gi d n trn gc li ch ca ch u t cho d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
4. Nghin cu v tnh hnh ti chnh
1. Xc nh tng vn u t,c cu vn u t, ngun ti tr v chi ph vn.
2. Xc nh cc khon thu, chi, li nhun
3. Xc nh cc ch tiu hiu qu u t
4. Phn tch kh nng huy ng vn v thanh ton ca d n
5. Phn tch nhy ca d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch ti chnh
Xc nh tng vn u t,c cu vn u t, ngun ti tr v chi ph vn.
Tng mc u t ca d n:
- Vn c nh
- Vn lu ng
- D phng vn u t
- Li trong thi gian xy dng
- Thu VAT
1 - 69
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch ti chnh
Xc nh tng vn u t,c cu vn u t, ngun ti tr v chi ph vn.
Ngun ti tr, chi ph ngun vn d n WACC:
- Ngun vn ch s hu. Chi ph vn ch s hu l chi ph c hi.
- Ngun vn vay. Chi ph l li vay
Ch trc v sau thu
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
5. Nghin cu t chc v qun l
Quy ch php l ca nh u t
C cu t chc d n
Kh nng ca ban gim c d n
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
6. Nghin cu (phn tch) kinh t x hi
Khi nim: Phn tch Kinh t d n l vic xem xt nh gi chi ph v li ch m d n mang li cho
ton b nn kinh t ( hay chnh l vic nh gi
hiu qu ca d n trn quan im ton b nn kinh
t ).
Ging nh phn tch ti chnh, phn tch kinh t cng l vic so snh li ch v chi ph ca d n,
nhng trn c s ng gp cho cc mc tiu pht
trin ca nn kinh t
1 - 72
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch kinh t x hi
Mc ch: Nhm thuyt phc cc cp chnh quyn,cc t chc ti tr quyt nh ti tr hay cho php
thc hin d n
Mc tiu ca phn tch kinh t x hi l xc nhv tr c th ca d n trong tng th KH pht trin
nn kinh t quc dn
Trong tng giai on, cc mc tiu c th thayi, do vy cc tiu chun nh gi kinh t x hi
cng thay i
1 - 73
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phm vi p dng:
Phn tch kinh t thng c s dng nh giv la chn cc d n sau:
Cc d n mang mc ch cng ch
Cc d n c lin quan n s ti tr ca nhnc, hay ca cc t chc vin tr pht trinca quc t.
V vy nh nc cng nh cc c quan c thmquyn cng s dng phn tch kinh t thmnh cc d n u t.
1 - 74
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Ni dung phn tch KT-XH
Ni dung nghin cu (phn tch) kinh t x hi thng
cp n cc ND sau:
K hoch v chin lc pht trin nn KT.
Tng sn phm x hi.
Ngoi thng.
Vic s dng cc yu t sn xut
Ci thin c cu kinh t.
Pht trin a phng, x hi
1 - 75
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc ch tiu nh gi s ng gp ca d n vi
s pht trin nn KT
Gi tr sn phm gia tng (trc tip v gin tip).
Hiu qu kinh t vn u t.
Mc s dng nhn cng trong nc
ng gp cho ngn sch nh nc.
Tit kim ngoi t v tng thu ngoi t.
nh hng ca d n i vi mi trng sinh thi.
1 - 76
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn 2
Ni dung phn tch ti chnh
1 - 77
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch ti chnh
Thng qua phn tch ti chnh, ta xc nh quy m u t, c cu cc loi vn, ngun ti tr cho d n;
tnh ton thu chi l li, nhng li ch mang li cho
ch u t.
Phn tch ti chnh l qu trnh nghin cu nh gi d n trn gc li ch ca ch u t cho d n
1 - 78
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch ti chnh
1. Xc nh tng vn u t,c cu vn u t, ngun ti tr v chi ph vn.
2. Xc nh cc khon thu, chi, li nhun
3. Xc nh cc ch tiu hiu qu u t
4. Phn tch kh nng huy ng vn v thanh ton ca d n
5. Phn tch nhy ca d n
1 - 79
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch ti chnh
1. Xc nh tng vn u t,c cu vn u t, ngun ti tr v chi ph vn.
Tng mc u t ca d n:
- Vn c nh: Thit b v xy lp
- Vn lu ng: Chi ph khc,
- D phng vn u t: Trt gi, cv cha tnh
- Li trong thi gian xy dng
- Thu VAT
1 - 80
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch ti chnh
Xc nh tng vn u t,c cu vn u t, ngun ti tr v chi ph vn.
Ngun ti tr, chi ph ngun vn :
- Ngun vn ch s hu. Chi ph vn ch s hu l chi ph c hi.
- Ngun vn vay. Chi ph l li vay
Chi ph vn trung bnh ca d n WACC
(Weighted Average Cost Of Capital)
Ch trc v sau thu
1 - 81
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch ti chnh
1. Xc nh cc khon thu, chi, li nhun
Thu nhp ca d n:
a. Doanh thu: s tin thu c t bn hng ha, dch v
b. Thu nhp khc: Thanh l TSCD, thu hi VLD (vn lu ng), pht hp ng, thng,..
2. Chi ph:
a. Chi ph u t
b. Chi ph vn hnh: ko k chi ph khu hao v tr li
c. Chi ph khu hao
d. Chi ph tr li
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc cch c lng chi ph
Tip cn v m (trn xung) Top down
Dng ph bin giai on khi nim, hoc cho d n lin quan n ri ro cao, hay cc d n nh, d n bn trong
Cho php da trn s c lng cc tham s ca d n (mt vung, nng lc, im hot ng, etc.)
Cho php tnh ton da trn d liu ca cc d n tng t, s dng hi quy, ng cong, hay cc phng php nh lng khc
Tip cn vi m (di - ln) Bottom up
p dng sau khi phm vi d n c xc nh, v WBS c xy dng chi tit
c tnh chi ph da theo gi cng vic thp nht trong WBS, s dng s c lng cc ngun lc yu cu sn xut ra u vo d
kin v d liu (c tnh) chi ph n v t l cc ngun lc
Thng c phn tch thnh chi ph trc tip, chi ph gin tip
1 - 83
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
c tnh chi ph
c tnh chi ph l qu trnh pht trin mt cch hp l cc ngun lc yu cu, th hin bng n v tin t, cho n khi hon thnh d n.
Ti sao phi c tnh chi ph?
Nhm m bo dng ngn sch v ngun lc y
a ra thng s u vo cho phn tch chi ph/ li ch v phn tch dng tin
Phc v cho cng c qun l trong qun l v kim sot ri ro
Sau khi xc nh phm vi, c tnh chi ph thng s dng qu trnh t di ln, bt u vi WBS v ngun lc yu cu cho mi gi cng vic v chi ph ngun lc.
Kt qu ca ngn sch d n vi vic h tr v gii thch chi tit, cng vi mt k hoch qun l chi ph
1 - 84
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Lp ngn sch d n
c tnh chi ph c s:
c tnh chi ph theo WBS t di ln: l tng chi ph c tnh cho cc gi cng vic v chi ph tch hp
i vi mi gi cng vic, c tnh c s thch hp nht nu tt c gi nh u thch hp.
D phng, bt thng: d kin chi ph bin i c kh nng xy ra nhng khng th xc nh r rng theo l thuyt khi c tnh
chi ph
Ngn sch d n = d ton c s + d phng
D tr: khon vn thm vo dnh cho qun l
Dnh cho vic xy ra mt s kin bt li khng mong i,
Hon thin khi hon thnh d n
1 - 85
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
K hoch ti chnh
80-90%
50-80%
Xc sut
hon thnh
Qun l
d tr
Ngu nhin
c tn
h c
bn
Ng
n s
ch
Chi ph
100%
Xc sut hon thnh
0
1 - 86
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn 3.
Cc phng php khu hao v tr n
1 - 87
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc phng php khu hao
Khi nim c bn v khu hao:
Nguyn gi P
Gi tr cn li SV
Gi tr cn tnh khu hao = P - SV
Khu hao nm D
Gi tr cn li theo s sch Bx
Khu hao ly k
1 - 88
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Khi nim c bn v khu hao
Trong phn tch ti chnh, KH l s khu tr vo doanh thu hng nm nhm 2 mc ch:
* phn nh mc s dng TSC vo qu trnh SX trong nm nhm tp hp chi ph tnh ton gi vn lm c s cho vic xc nh li nhun k ton ca doanh nghip. Vi mc ch ny khu hao l mt khon chi ph ca doanh nghip nhng y l mt khon chi phi tin v c tnh quy c
* thu hi li tng phn vn u t ban u vo cc TSC, vi mc ch ny khu hao l mt khon thu ca doanh nghip.
1 - 89
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc phng php khu hao
Phng php khu hao u (tuyn tnh, ng thng)
Phng php khu hao theo tng s nm hot ng
Phng php khu hao theo kt s (gi tr cn li)
Phng php khu hao gia tc
Phng php khu hao theo mc s dng
1 - 90
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Khu hao tuyn tnh KH u
Tin khu hao hng nm l khng i
Cng thc tnh
Dx = (P-SV)/N = const Tx = DxBx = P - Tx = P - (P-SV)*x / N
K hiu:
P: Nguyn gi tr TSC d nSV: Gi tr thu hi khi thanh lN: Thi hn khu haoDx: chi ph khu hao nm xBx: Gi tr TSC cn li cui nm (Bn= SV)Tx: Tng gi tr khu hao n nm t (khu hao lu k) (Tn=
P-SV)
1 - 91
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Khu hao tuyn tnh KH u
u im: n gin, d thc hin
Nhc im: Chm thu hi vn u t, vn thu nhp chu thu
p dng: Nc ta hin nay ang p dng phng php khu hao tuyn tnh.
1 - 92
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Khu hao theo tng s th t cc nm (SYD)
Tin khu hao nhiu cc nm u v gim dn cc
nm sau
Tng s th t cc nm
Z = 1 + 2 ++ N = N(N+1)/2
Tin khu hao nm x
)()1(
)()1(
)12(
)()1(
)12(
)())1(...)1((
)()1(*
)1(*2)(
)1(
1 SPZ
xNBB
SVPNN
xxNPB
SVPNN
xxNT
SVPZ
tNNNT
SVPNN
xNSVP
Z
tND
xx
x
x
x
x
1 - 93
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Khu hao theo tng s th t cc nm
(SYD)
u im: Chng thu hi vn, trnh c hao mn (hao mn v hnh)
1 - 94
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Mt TSC c nguyn gi l 15.000$, gi tr cn li l 0$.
Thi gian s dng d kin l 5 nm. Hy tnh chi ph khu hao
nm, khu hao lu k v gi tr cn li theo phng php khu
hao u.
Nm Khu hao nm KH lu k G.tr cn li
1 3000 3000 12000
2 3000 6000 9000
3 3000 9000 6000
4 3000 12000 3000
5 3000 15000 0
1 - 95
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Hy tnh chi ph khu hao nm, khu hao lu k v gi tr
cn li theo phng php khu hao theo tng s nm
hot ng
Nm S nm HD
cn li/KH
Khu hao KH lu k Gi tr cn
li
1 5a 5000 5000 10000
2 4a 4000 9000 6000
3 3a 3000 12000 3000
4 2a 2000 14000 1000
5 1a 1000 15000 0
1 - 96
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Hy tnh chi ph khu hao nm, khu hao lu k v gi tr cn
li theo phng php s d gim dn c iu chnh.ACRS
Nm Khu hao KH lu k Gi tr cn li
1 6000=
0.4x15000
6000 9000
2 3600 9600 5400
3 2160 11760 3240
4 1620 13380 1620
5 1620 15000 0
1 - 97
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Khu hao theo kt s cn li ca ti sn DB
Chi ph khu hao cc nm ln v sau nh dn, c xc nh bng tch s gia gi tr cn li cha khu hao cui mi nm vi mt h s khng i dx. Phng php khu hao ny l phng php kt s gim nhanh
Chi ph khu hao nm xDx = Bx-1. dx
D1 = B0. dx; D2 = B1. dx; . Dn = Bn-1. dx; B0 = P
B1 = B0 - D1 = P - P. dx = P (1 - dx)
B2 = B1 - D2 = B1 - B1. dx = P (1 - dx)2
.
Bx-1 = P (1 - dx)x-1
Dx = P. (1 - dx)x-1
Bx = Bx-1 - Dx = P (1 - dx)x
1 - 98
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Khu hao theo kt s cn li ca ti sn
Ti cui nm N ta c:
Bn = P (1 - dx)N = SV
H s dx c xc nh
N
P
SV1dx
Vi phng php khu hao ny, nh u t thu vn
nhanh hn ngay t u
1 - 99
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Khu hao
Vic s dng phng php khu hao no do B ti chnh Quy nh
Ch u t mong mun: Khu hao nhanh, chng hon vn, gim thu thu nhp
Chn phng php khu hao no c gi tr hin ti dng tin trch KH ln nht
1 - 100
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
V d
Mt TSC c nguyn gi l 9.000$, gi tr cn li l 1.000$. Thi gian s dng d kin l 2 nm. Hy tnh chi ph khu
hao v gi tr cn li cc nm theo phng php khu hao
theo kt s
Mt thit b in, chi ph u t ban u: 16.000 USD, gi tr thu hi d kin: 2.000 USD, tui th: 7 nm. Tnh chi ph
khu hao v gi tr cn li qua cc nm vi 4 phng php.
Mt TSC c nguyn gi l 25000$,c chi ph khu hao l mt hm tuyn tnh ca s sp sx. Sau khi sx c 100.000sp,
gi tr cn li ca TSC l 5000$. n ht nm th 3 TSC
ny sx c 60.000sp, trong nm th t sx c 10.000sp.
Hy tnh chi ph Khu hao nm th t, v gi tr cn li ca
TSC cui nm
1 - 101
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
V d
Mt TSC c nguyn gi l 25000$,c chi ph khu hao l mt hm tuyn tnh ca s sp sx. Sau khi sx c 100.000sp,
gi tr cn li ca TSC l 5000$. n ht nm th 3 TSC
ny sx c 60.000sp, trong nm th t sx c 10.000sp.
Hy tnh chi ph Khu hao nm th t, v gi tr cn li ca
TSC cui nm .
Gii:
1 - 102
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc phng thc tr vn gc & tr li
Tr vn gc u hng nm, tr li hng nm tnh theo vn vay cn li
Tr vn gc cui thi hn vay, tr li u hng nm
Tr vn gc v li vo cui thi hn vay
Tr vn gc v li u hng nm. Libor / sibor
Tr li vo u k hn vay, gc vo cui k hn vay
VD: Mt doanh nghip vay vn u t. Vn vay: 10.000 triu ng. Li sut vay: 10%/nm. Thi hn vay: 5
nm. Lp bng tr vn gc, tr li vay theo 5 phng
thc. Nhn xt cc phng thc trn quan im ngi
vay v cho vay. Hnh thc no c li nht?
1 - 103
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Li vay l chi ph s dng vn ca vn vay
Li kp: L cch tnh li m li ca k ny c tnh vo vn gc tnh li cho k tip theo.
Li n: Thng nhng khon vay c thi hn tnh li t mt nm tr xung.
Li sut danh ngha: Tnh theo tin t
Li sut thc t: Tnh theo sc mua
Li vay trc thu
Li vay sau thu
Li sut
1 - 104
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc phng thc tr vn gc & tr li
Li
Gc
Gc
Li
Gc
Li tr u Gc tr u Tr n u
1 - 105
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
PHN 4 CC TIU CHUN
NH GI HIU QU D N
1 - 106
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
nh gi hiu qu d n
Cc phng php la chn nh lng
Cc phng php gi tr tng ng
Sut thu li ni ti
Phn tch li ch - chi ph
Phn tch ho vn
nh gi phn tch kinh t k thut.
Cc phng php la chn khc:
- Phng php lit k.
- Phng php cho im
- Phn tch chi ph
1 - 107
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Cc phng php nh gi hiu qu
d n u t
Hai nhm phng php:
1. Cc phng php tnh: khng tnh n gi tr ca tin t
theo thi gian.
2. Cc phng php ng: tnh n gi tr ca tin t theo
thi gian:
Gi tr hin ti thun
T s li ch/chi ph
H s hon vn ni ti
Thi gian hon vn
1 - 108
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Yu cu khi so snh cc d n
1. Cng mc tiu u t
2. Cng mi trng u t
3. Cng thi gian u t. - Phng php gia s thi gian
u t
4. Cng vn u t. -Phng php gia s vn u t
1 - 109
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
1. Gi tr hin ti thun - NPV
NPV?
Chnh lch gia thu nhp
v chi ph ca d n quy v thi
im hin ti vi t sut chit
khu thch hp
1 - 110
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
NPV (tip)
Trong :
At dng tin mt nm t
Bt dng thu nm t
Ct dng chi nm t
i: t sut chit khu
Thng thng
C0 Chi ph u t
C1,2n Chi ph khai thc
n
t
tt
n
t
t CBA00
)(
n
t
t
tt
n
t
t
t iCBiANPV00
)1)(()1(
1 - 111
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
NPV (tip)
La chn phng n u t theo tiu chun NPV
Phng n c lp
NPV >= 0 Chp nhn
NPV < 0 Loi b
Phng n loi tr
NPV = Max v >=0 Ti u
Ch : Cng c th s dng gi tr tng lai thun NFV, gi tr u hng nm, gi tr hin ti doanh thu, gi tr
hin ti chi ph nh gi d n. Cc phng php
u cho kt qu tng t
1 - 112
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Gi tr hin ti thun (rng) - NPV
Gi tr u hng nm - AV
Gi tr tng lai - FV
Gi tr hin ti rng thun (NPV)
Gi tr tng ng hng nm AV
n)i, (A/P,* NPV AV
k)i, (P/F, * CF NPV
n
0 k
k
Cc phng php gi tr tng ng
1 - 113
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Gi tr hin ti thun - NPV
Nhn xt
Tiu chun cho bit gi tr tuyt i ca li qui i v hin ti
Tiu chun NPV l hiu s ca PVB v PVC;
NPV = PVB - PVC
Tiu chun NPV c s dng rng ri trong phn tch v nh gi d n u t
Tiu chun NPV ph thuc vo h s chit khu i
tnh n c thu, chi trong sut i d n
L ch tiu c CSH quan tm nht
1 - 114
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
T sut chit khu
Sut thu li ti thiu chp nhn c (MARR)
Sut thu li ti thiu chp nhn c (MARR) l mc li sut ti thiu(thp nht) ca d n hay ca vn ch s hu m nh u t chp nhnc.
T l chit khu c s dng xc nh gi tri hin ti ca dng tin kvng phi tng xng vi mc ri ro ca d n u t
L chi ph c hi ca vn u t (gc ti chnh) Khi quyt nh, c th a ra MARR trc v sau thu, cn cn c vo
dng sau thu ca CSH.
Cn xc nh chnh xc MARR trc khi tnh ton cc ch tiu hiu qu dn
Cn c xc nh MARR
1 - 115
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
2. H s hon vn ni ti - IRR
IRR?
L mc li m d n to ra
trn vn u t trong thi
gian hot ng
1 - 116
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
IRR (tip)
Cng thc
Hay chnh l gi tr chit khu NPV = 0
IRR biu din t l thu hi ca mi d n
Nu d n ch c t l hon vn (IRR) l bng i, th cckhon thu nhp t d n ch hon tr phn vn gc
u t ban u vo d n v tr li.
Mt khc, sut thu li ni ti IRR cn phn nh chi ph sdng vn ti a m nh u t c th chp nhn c.
n
t
t
ttIRRCBNPV
0
0)1)((
1 - 117
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
IRR (tip)
Cng thc tnh gn ng
21
1
121)(
NPVNPV
NPViiiIRR
i1: L h s chit khu ng vi NPV1 > 0
i2: L h s chit khu ng vi NPV2 < 0
ii2
i1
IRRNPV1
NPV2
1 - 118
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
-Gi s:
NPV (I) = a >0
NPV (I+5%) = -b
1 - 119
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Sut thu li ni ti IRR
nh gi phng n
- D n c lp
IRR >MARR chp nhn phng n, phng n ng gi
IRR < MARR phng n s b bc b
IRR = MARR chp nhn phng n
- So snh cc phng n loi tr nhau
Nu chn phng n vi IRRmax th s c th cli gii khc vi phng php NPV.
1 - 120
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Nguyn tc so snh
Phng n u t ln hn ch so snh vi phng n c u
t b hn khi phng n c u t b hn l ng gi theo
IRR (IRR MARR)
Phng n c u t ln hn c chn khi sut thu li ca
gia s vn u t ln hn sut thu li ti thiu chp nhn
c v ngc li phng n u t b hn c chn khi
sut thu li ni ti ca gia s vn u t nh hn MARR.
Sut thu li ni ti IRR
1 - 121
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
So snh cc d n loi tr nhau
1. Sp xp cc d n theo th t tng dn v vn u t.
2. Chn phng n khng u t l p.n c th.
3. So snh phng n u tin vi p.n c th nu IRR (AI)
MARR Th p.n so snh vi phng n c th c chn l
phng n c th
Nu IRR (AI ) < MARR gi nguyn phng n c th
4. Lp li bc 3 n phng n cui cng. Phng n c th
cui cng l PA tt nht.
Sut thu li ni ti IRR
1 - 122
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
u im:
Cho bit hiu sut s dng vn u t ca d n. Hay t l litrn vn u t
Khng gp kh khn khi xc nh t sut chit khu
Thun li khi so snh cc d n c thi gian thc hin, vn u t khc nhau
Nhc im:
Kh khn trong vic tnh ton
Khng ph thuc vo chi ph vn => nhn nh sai v kh nng sinh li ca d n
Gp kh khn trong cc trng hp u t khng thng thng
Sut thu li ni ti IRR
1 - 123
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Sut thu li ni ti IRR)
u t khng thng thng l u t m dng tin thay i nhiu ln, khi c th gp vn a gi tr, tc l c nhiu gi tr IRR lm cho NPV < 0),khi s gp kh khn khi s dng ch tiu IRR nh gi hiu qu ca d n.
1 - 124
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.2 T s li ch v chi ph B/C
B/C?
L t s gia tng gi tr
hin ti ca thu nhp v
tng gi tr hin ti ca chi
ph d n
1 - 125
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
B/C (tip)
Cng thc
n
t
t
t
n
t
t
t
iC
iB
PVC
PVB
C
B
0
0
)1(
)1(
1 - 126
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
B/C (tip)
nh gi phng n theo tiu chun B/C
Cc phng n c lp:
B/C >= 1 Chp nhn
B/C < 1 Loi b
Cc phng n loi tr nhau:
nh gi nh ch tiu IRR
Tiu chun B/C mang tnh tng i
B/C c p dng rng ri trong vic phn tch v nh gi cc d n c qui m khc nhau.
1 - 127
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Thng
B Thu nhp hin ti hng nm
I Vn u t
O Chi ph vn hnh
M Chi ph bo dng
M) + (O + I
B = B/C
or M)] + (O + [I P
[B] P =
Cost Total
Benefit Total = B/C
T sut li ch / chi ph (B/C)
1 - 128
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Thng
B Thu nhp hin ti hng nm
CR Vn u t
O Chi ph vn hnh
M Chi ph bo dng
M) + (O + CR
B = B/C
or
M) + (O + [CR P
[B] P =
Cost Total
Benefit Total = B/C
T sut li ch / chi ph (B/C)
1 - 129
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
3.4 Thi gian hon vn - Tp
Tp?
L thi gian cn thit thu
hi vn u t ban u cho
d n
1 - 130
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phng php thi gian hon vn
Bao gm 2 loi l thi gian hon vn gin n vthi gian hon vn c chit khu.
Thi gian hon vn Tp l khong thi gian kvng thu hi vn u t ca d n, bng cc
khon tch lu vn hng nm.
Hay khong thi gian cn thit thu hi ton bvn u t ban u ca d n.
1 - 131
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Thn (tip)
Cng thc
pT
t
t
tt iCBCF0
0)1)((
nh gi phng n theo tiu chun Thn Tp < Tp * Chp nhn
Tp > Tp * Loi b
Tp = Tp * Xem xt
Tp = Min Ti u
Tp * l thi gian hon vn qui nh hoc mong mun
1 - 132
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Tp (tip)
Cng thc tnh gn ng
21
2121 )(
CFCF
CFtttTP
t1: L thi Im ng vi < 0
t2: L thi Im ng vi > 0
Thv t2tt1
NPV2
NPV1
1CF
2CF
1 - 133
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
TP (tip)
Tiu chun TP cho nh u t bit d n ny s hon vn trong bao nhiu nm.
Tiu chun TP khng xt dng tin sau khi hon vn.Khng nh gi ng mc sinh li ca d n C
trng hp d n A th c thi gian hon vn sm hn
d n B, nhng NPV d n B li ln hn NPV d n A
Tiu chun TP o lng mc ri ro, c p dng rng ri trong phn tch v nh gi d n mang tnh ri
ro cao
1 - 134
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Thi gian han vn gin n ca d n
Phng php thi gian hon vn
Nm 0 Nm1 Nm2 Nm3
CFt -100 30 30 600
CF tch ly -100 -70 -40 +560
CFt -100 50 50 60
CF tch ly -100 -50 0 +60
nampT 67.2)23(4020
402
1 - 135
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Thi gian han vn chit khu ca d n
Phng php thi gian hon vn
Nm 0 Nm1 Nm2 Nm3
CFt -100 30 30 60
CF chit khu
-100 28,6 27,2 51,8
CF ck cng dn
-100 -71,4 -44.2 7.6
nampT 85.2)23(8.51
2.442
1 - 136
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Mi quan h gia cc phng n
Mt d n ng gi theo ch tiu NPV th c nh gi theo cc ch tiu khc hay khng v ngc li?
Cc ch tiu NPV, IRR v B/C l tng ng
Mt phng n ng gi theo Tp th ng gi theo NPV, IRR v B/C nhng khng c iu ngc li
1 - 137
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn 5 Phn tch ti chnh d n
1. Xc nh dng tin d n, ch s hu
2. Phn tch nh hng ca khu hao
3. Phn tch nh hng ca li vay
4. Phn tch nh hng ca lm pht
1 - 138
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Dng tin trc thu - CFBT
CFBT : (Cash flow before tax)
CFBT = Doanh thu, thu nhp (bng tin) - Chi
ph vn hnh - chi ph u t
CFBTx = Rx - Cvhx - Ix
x = 0 CFBTo = Io
x 0 thng thng CFBTx = Rx Cvhx
Ch khi c thanh l TSC v thu hi VL
Chi ph vn hnh: cc chi ph ca d n khng k
chi ph khu hao v li vay
Dng tin d n
1 - 139
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Dng tin sau thu - CFAT
CFAT = CFBT - thu thu nhp (TI) (1)
TI =Thu nhp chu thu *Thu sut thu thu nhp(t)
(Li nhun trc thu)
TN chu thu =Doanh thu - Chi ph hp l hp l
(CP vn hnh + CP khu hao)
Thu nhp chu thu = CFBTx - Dx
Thu thu nhp = (CFBTx - Dx) . t
Dng tin d n
1 - 140
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Dng tin d n
CFATx = CFBTx - (CFBTx - Dx ) . t
CFATx = CFBTx (1-t) + Dx . t (2)
Dx . t : phn gim thu do khu hao
LN sau thu = (CFBTx - Dx ) - (CFBTx - Dx ) . t
= CFBTx (1 - t) + Dx. t - Dx
Li sau thu = CFATx - Dx
CFATx = LN sau thu + Dx (3)
Ch :dng tin sau thu khng phi l li sau thu
1 - 141
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
V d p dng
Mt d n u t, u t 500 tr mua mt thit b d
kin thc hin trong 5 nm, gi tr cn li cui nm T5
l 0. Thu sut thu TN l 30%.TSC c khu hao
u trong 5 nm . Xc nh CFAT ca d n.D kin
doanh thu hng nm v chi ph vn hnh hng nm nh
sau :
Nam 1 2 3 4 5
Rx 270 260 250 240 230
CVHx 100 105 110 115 120
1 - 142
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Gii
Khon mc 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 Chi ph u t ban u 500
2 Doanh thu 270 260 250 240 230
3 Chi ph vn hnh 100 105 110 115 120
4 CFBT (2-3-1) -500 170 155 140 125 110
5 Khu hao 100 100 100 100 100
6 Thu nhp chu thu (2-3-5) 70 55 40 25 10
7 Thu thu nhp (6xt) 21 16.5 12 7.5 3
8 Li sau thu (6-7) 49 38.5 28 17.5 7
9 CFAT (4-7) = (8+5) -500 149 138.5 128 117.5 107
1 - 143
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Dng tin ch s hu
Dng tin sau thu ca CSH CFATcsh
CFATcsh = CFBT - tr vn gc - tr li vay - thu thu
nhp (1)
Thu thu nhp = Thu nhp chu thu x thu sut
TNCT = CFBT - D - Tr li vay
Thu thu nhp = (CFBT - D tr li) . t
= (CFBT - D) . t tr li . t
Tr li . t = Phn gim thu do li vay
CFATcsh = LN sau thu Tr gc + Khu hao (2)
1 - 144
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Dng tin n
Dng tin vay n trc thu CFBTn
CFBTn = Tr gc + Tr li vay
Dng tin vay n sau thu - CFATn
CFATn = CFBTn + Phn gim thu do tr li
CFATcsh = CFATda + CFATn
1 - 145
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
V d p dng
Mt d n u t, u t 500 tr mua mt thit b d kin
thc hin trong 5 nm, gi tr cn li cui nm T5 l 0. Thu
sut thu TN l 30%.TSC c khu hao u trong 5 nm .
Xc nh CFAT ca d n, ch s hu, n. Bit rng d n
phi huy ng 200 tr vn vay , r = 10% /nm, tr u vn gc
trong 5 nm. D kin doanh thu hng nm v chi ph vn hnh
hng nm nh sau :
Nam 1 2 3 4 5
Rt 270 260 250 240 230
CVHt 100 105 110 115 120
1 - 146
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Gii
0 1 2 3 4 5
1 CFBT -500 170 155 140 125 110
2 Khu hao 100 100 100 100 100
3 Tr vn gc -200 40 40 40 40 40
4 Tr li vay 20 16 12 8 4
5 Tng tr n (CFBT n) +200 -60 -56 -52 -48 -44
6 T.Nhp chu thu = 1-2-4 50 39 28 17 6
7 Thu thu nhp (6xt) 15 11.7 8.4 5.1 1.8
8 Li sau thu (6-7) 35 27.3 19.6 11.9 4.2
9 CFATCSH = 1-3-4-7 -300 95 87.3 79.6 71.9 64.2
10 Gim thu do tr li vay 6 4.8 3.6 2.4 1.2
11 CFAT n = 5+10 + 200 -54 -51.2 -48.4 -45.6 -42.8
12 CFATda = 9 - 11 -500 149 138.5 128 117.5 107
1 - 147
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Ch
Nu phng n huy ng c vn vay th CFAT ca d n khc vi li sau thu + khu hao.
Chi ph u t ban u bao gm TSC v TSL (vn L)
Gi tr TSC nm cui cng c cng vo dng tin trc thu v cng thm vo dng tin sau thu ca d n thu thu
nhp (Thu nhp hot ng bt thng)
Vn lu ng : a dng gia tng VL vo dng tin ca d n.
Ch tiu Nm 0 1 2 3 4 5
Doanh thu 500 550 600 700 700
Nhu cu VLD 200 220 240 280 280
Gia tang vn -200 -20 -20 -40 0 +280
1 - 148
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Bi tp p dng
Mt d n u t c tng s vn u t ban u l 150 triu ng.
Trong vn u t cho TSC l 120 triu ng, cn li l vn lu
ng. D kin d n thc hin trong nm nm. Doanh thu hng nm l
80 triu ng v chi ph vn hnh hng nm l 30 triu ng. TSC
c php tnh khu hao u vi thi gian tnh khu hao l 5 nm (gi
tr cn li bng 0). Cui nm th nm d n thanh l ti sn c nh vi
gi tr l 20 triu ng v thu hi vn lu ng l 30 triu ng.Thu
sut thu thu nhp l 20%.
a. Ch u t c u t d n hay khng khi chi ph s dng vn sau
thu l 10% (t sut chit khu)
b. Nu c NH cho vay 40% vn u t vi li sut 10%/nm, tr u
vn gc trong 5 nm. Nh u t c nn vay hay khng?
c. Tnh cc ch tiu hiu qu NPV, IRR, B/C, Tp ca d n
1 - 149
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Gii NPV = 48.39
0 1 2 3 4 5
1 Tng vn u t 150
2 Doanh thu 80 80 80 80 80
3 Chi ph vn hnh 30 30 30 30 30
4 Khu hao (120-0)/5 = 24 24 24 24 24 24
5 Thanh l TSC 20
6 Thu hi Vn L 30
7 CFBT = 2+5+6-1-3 -150 50 50 50 50 100
8 TN chu thu = 2+5 -3 - 4 26 26 26 26 46
9 Thu TN = 8 x 20% 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.2 9.2
10 CFAT = 7 9 -150 44.8 44.8 44.8 44.8 90.8
11 Gi tr hin ti -150 40.73 37.03 33.7 30.6 56.4
12 Chnh lch thu chi 48.39
1 - 150
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Gii 51.29 > 48.39
0 1 2 3 4 5
1 CFBT -150 50 50 50 50 100
2 Khu hao 24 24 24 24 24
3 Tr gc (40%x150=60) -60 12 12 12 12 12
4 N gc u nm 60 48 36 24 12
5 Tr li = 4 x 10% 6 4.8 3.6 2.4 1.2
6 Thu nhp chu thu 20 21.2 22.4 23.6 44.8
7 Thu thu nhp = 6 x 20% 4 4.24 4.48 4.72 8.96
8 CFATcsh = 1-3-5-7 -90 28 28.96 29.92 30.88 77.84
9 Gi tr hin ti -90 25.45 23.93 22.48 21.06 48.33
10 Chnh lch 51.29
11 Khi khng vay 48.39
1 - 151
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch nh hng khu hao
CFATx = CFBTx (1-t) + Dx . t
1.nh hng ca thi gian tnh khu hao trong m
hnh khu hao u.
2.nh hng ca m hnh khu hao
1 - 152
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
VD
VD : Mt d n u t, u t vo thit b cng nghip l 1.200 tr , c tnh dng trong 10 nm v gi tr cn li ca ti sn c nh cui nm th 10 l 200 tr nh thit b mi ny hng nm c th gim c 240 tr chi ph vn hnh.
a) Xc nh dng tin sau thu ca d n trong trng hp lut quy dnh thi gian tnh khu hao l 10 nm v gi tr cn li = 0, thu sut thu thu nhp 20%.
b) Xc nh CFAT ca d n trong trng hp lut quy nh khu hao trong 4 nm.
c) Xc nh CFAT ca d n trong trng hp lut quy nh khu hao trong 15 nm
d) Xc nh NPV khi MARR = 10%
1 - 153
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
a, Thi gian khu hao l 10 nm
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CFBT -1200 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 440
DKH 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120
TN chu thu 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 320
Thu TN 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 64
Li sau thu
CFAT -1200 216 216 216 216 216 216 216 216 216 376
1 - 154
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Thi gian tnh l 4 nm: Hot ng khc c LN
1 - 155
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Thi gian tnh l 4 nm: Hot ng khc c LN
>= 60
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 - 9 10
CFBT -1200 240 240 240 240 240 240 440
Khu hao 300 300 300 300 0 0 0
LN trc thu -60 -60 -60 -60 240 240 440
T.N chu thu -60 -60 -60 -60 240 240 440
Thu TN -12 -12 -12 -12 48 48 88
Li sau thu
CFAT -1200 252 252 252 252 192 192 352
1 - 156
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Thi gian KH l 15 nm
0 19 10
CFBT -1200 240 440
D 80 80+400
TNCT 160 -40
Thu TN 32 -8
Li sau thu
CFAT -1200 208 448
1 - 157
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch nh hng ca khu hao
nh hng ca m hnh khu hao
D n tng kinh ph u t ban u l 10.000 v trong
gi tr ca TSC l 9000, VL 1000 d n tin hnh trong
2 nm gi tr cn li cui nm th 2 l 2000 trong gi
tr cn li ca TSC l 1000
D tnh doanh thu thun hng nm l 10.000, CPVH
hng nm 3000 xc nh dng tin sau thu ca d n khi
s dng m hnh khu hao u, theo kt s gi tr cn li,
SYD, thu sut thu thu nhp l 25%.
1 - 158
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Gii - m hnh khu hao u
0 1 2
u t 10 000
Khu hao D 4 000 4 000
Doanh thu 10 000 10 000
CFVH 3 000 3 000
CFBT -10 000 7 000 9 000 = 7 + 2
TNCT 3 000 3 000
Thu TN 750 750
Li sau thu
CFAT -10 000 6250 8250
1 - 159
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Gii - m hnh khu hao nhanh
0 1 2
u t 10 000
Doanh thu 10 000 10 000
CFVH 3 000 3 000
CFBT -10 000 7 000 9 000 = 7 + 2
K.h 6 000 2 000
TNCT 1 000 5 000
Thu TN 250 1 250
Li sau thu
CFAT -10 000 6750 7750
1 - 160
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Gii - m hnh khu hao SYD
0 1 2
u t 10 000
Doanh thu 10 000 10 000
CFVH 3 000 3 000
CFBT -10 000 7 000 9 000 = 7 + 2
K.H 5 333 2 667
TNCT 1 667 4 333
Thu TN 417 1 083
Li sau thu
CFAT -10 000 6 583 7 917
1 - 161
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch nh hng khu hao
Kt lun
1.nh hng ca thi gian tnh khu hao: Thi
gian tnh khu hao cng ngn cng c tt
2.nh hng ca m hnh khu hao: M hnh khu
hao cng nhanh cng tt
1 - 162
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch nh hng ca li vay
Mt d n u t i hi doanh nghip b ra 1000$ v cho thu
nhp 1120$ cui mt nm. s tin l 1000$ l s tin chi mua
1 ti sn s tin 1120$ l s tin thu c do hot ng v thu
hi ti sn cui nm. nh gi d n ny nh u t s
dng chi ph s dng vn l 10%.
+ t = 0%/ t = 20%
- 100% vn ch u t
- 100% vn vay vi li vay 10%
-50% vn vay vi li vay 10%
-Xc nh NPV, IRR ca CSH, DA v N
1 - 163
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch nh hng ca li vay
Nam 0 1 NPV (10%) IRR
CFBTDA -1000 1120 18,18 12%
CFBTn +1000 -1100 0 10%
CFBTCSH 0 20 18,18 Vo cung
1. Thu sut thu thu nhp = 0
2. Vay 100%
1 - 164
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch nh hng ca lI vay
1. Thu sut thu thu nhp = 0
2. Vay 50%
t 0 1 NPV (10%) IRR NPV (13%)
CFBTDA -1000 1120 18,18 12% -8,85
CFBTn +500 -550 0 10% +13,27
CFBTCSH -500 +570 18,18 14% 4,42
1 - 165
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch nh hng ca li vay
+ MARR = rvay NPVn = 0
CFATcsh = CFATda + CFATn
NPVcsh = NPVda + NPVn
NPVcsh = NPVda
+ IRRda > rvay IRRcsh > IRRda
+ MARR > rvay NPVn (MARR) > 0
NPVcsh > NPVda
1 - 166
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch nh hng ca li vay
1. Vi thu sut thu thu nhp = 20%
2. D n huy ng 50% vn vay
t 0 1 NPV (8%) IRR NPV (10%)
CFATDA -1000 1096 14,81 9,6% -3,64
CFATn +500 -540 0 8% 9,091
CFATCSH -500 556 14,81 11,2% 5,455
1 - 167
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch nh hng ca li vay
1. Vi thu sut thu thu nhp = 20%
2. D n huy ng 100% vn vay
t 0 1 NPV (8%) IRR NPV (10%)
CFATDA -1000 1096 14,81 9,6% -3,64
CFATn +1000 -1080 0 8% 18,18
CFATCSH 0 16 14,81 V
cng
14,54
1 - 168
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Phn tch lm pht v phn tch gi c bit
trong phn tch d n
Hai trng hp:
1. Khng c thu sut thu nhp doanh nghip
2. C thu sut thu nhp doanh nghip
1 - 169
2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Khng c thu sut thu nhp doanh nghip
Mt doanh nghip u t vo mua thit b mi vi gi 10000$
d kin s dng trong 5 nm v gi tr cn li = 0. c tnh
mi nm DA bn 1600 sp, sn xut s sn phm ny ngi
ta phi dng 2000 kg NV theo gi hin hnh 2$/1kg NVL. Gi
bn 10$/1SP, chi ph tin cng 8000$/1 nm. Gi s khng c
thu thu nhp, TSC c khu hao u trong 5 nm
1. Gi tr trong 5 nm thc hin DA gi c u trn thc t
khng bin ng v gi ca cc hng ho v dch v s dng
trong DA cng khng bin ng. MARR = 10%.
2. Gi s mc tng gi khung trn TT l 5% (lp = 5%) v cc hng ho v dch v trong DA cng tng theo 5%.
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Gii
0 1 2 5
1 Chi ph u t 10 000
2 Doanh thu 16 000 16 000 16 000
3 CVH 12 000 12 000 12 000
4 CFBT -10 000 4 000 4 000 4 000
C lm pht
1 Chi ph u t 10 000
2 Doanh thu 16 000x1.05 16000x1.0
5^2
16000x1.05
^5
3 CVH 12 000x1.05 12000x1.0
5^2
12000x1.05
^5
4 CFBT -10 000 4 000x1.05 4000x1.05
^2
4000x1.05^
5
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Khng c thu sut thu nhp doanh nghip
Khi khng c lm pht:
NPV= -10.000+4.000 (P/A,10%,5)=5163,16
Khi c lm pht R = 15,5 %
NPV = 5163,168
Nhn xt
Trong trng hp khng phi ng thu thu nhp cc hng ho v
dch v ca DA cng tng theo ng t l lm pht.
NPV trong trng hp c lm pht v khng c lm pht cng nh
nhau.
Trong phn tch DA c th dng dng tin thc vi li sut thc
cng ging nh dng tin danh ngha vi li sut danh ngha.
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Trong trng hp thu sut 0 30%
0 1 ..... 5
1 CFBT -10 000 4 000 4 000
2 Khu hao (D) 2 000 2 000
3 CFBT (1-t) 2 800 2 800
4 Dt 600 600
5 CFAT - 10 000 3 400 3 400
C lm pht
1 CFBT -10 000 4 000x1.05^1 4 000x1.05^5
2 Khu hao (D) 2 000 2 000
3 CFBT (1-t) 2 800x1.05^1 2 800x1.05^5
4 Dt 600 600
5 CFAT - 10 000 2800x1.05^1+600 2800x1.05^5+600
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2010-PTVinh, HBK/KTQL Qun l d n
Trong trng hp thu sut 0, 30%
NPV = -10.000 + 3400 (P/A, 10%, 5) = 2888,2
NPVlf = 2601,9
Nhn xt:
Lm pht lm cho li nhun DA gim trong trng hp tnh thu thu nhp doanh nghip
Lm pht nh hng n kh nng thanh ton ca DA
Gi tr thc ca ng i vay s gim khi c lm pht.