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B Xy dng
S: 09 /2008/ Q-BXD
Cng ho x hi ch ngha Vit nam
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
H Ni, ngy 06 thng 6 nm 2008
Quyt nh
V vic ban hnh Quy chun xy dng Vit nam
Nh v cng trnh cng cng- An ton sinh mng v sckho
b trng B Xy dng
Cn c Ngh nh s 17/2008/ N-CP ngy 04/ 02/ 2008ca Chnh ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn vc cu t chc ca B Xy dng;
Theo ngh ca V trng V Khoa hc Cng ngh v
Mi trng, Vin trng Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh xy dng tiCng vn s 322/ VKH-VNCCB ngy 02 /03 /2008.
quyt nh
iu 1. Ban hnh km theo Quyt nh ny Quy chunxy dng Vit nam QCXDVN 05 : 2008/BXD Nh v cngtrnh cng cng- An ton sinh mng v sc kho
iu 2. Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau 15 ngy, k tngy ng Cng bo.
iu 3. Chnh Vn phng B, V trng V Khoa hc Cngngh & Mi trng v Th trng cc n v c lin quan chutrch nhim thi hnh Quyt nh ny ./.
Ni nhn:
- Nh iu 3- VP Chnh Ph- Cng bo
Kt. B trng
Th trng
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- UBND cc tnh, Thnh ph- V Php ch- Lu VP, V KHCN & MT
k
Nguyn Vn Lin
CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM
QCXDVN 05 : 2008/BXD
QUY CHUN XY DNG VIT NAM
NH V CNG TRNH CNG CNG AN TON SINHMNG V SC KHO
Vietnam Building Code
Dwellings and Public Buildings - Occupational Health and Safety
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H NI 2008
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Li ni u
QCVN 05 : 2008/BXD do Vin Khoa hc Cng ngh Xy dngbinson, V Khoa hc Cng ngh trnh duyt v c ban hnh theoQuyt nh s: 09/2008/Q-BXD ngy 06 thng 6 nm 2008 caB trng B Xy dng.
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CHNG 1 QUY NH CHUNG
1.1 Phm vi p dng
Quy chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut (ti thiu hoc ti a) phi t c
i vi nh v cng trnh cng cng nhm m bo an ton sinh mng v sc
kho cho ngi s dng.
An ton sinh mng v sc khe quy nh trong Quy chun ny gm: phng chng
nc, hi m v cc cht c hi; bo v khi ng, x v va p; an ton s dng
knh; chiu sng; thng gi; chng n.
An ton sinh mng v sc khe lin quan ti kh nng chu lc ca nh v cng
trnh cng cng; h thng thit b in, thang my; phng chng chy n; h thng
cp thot nc; tip cn s dng cho ngi tn tt trong nh v cng trnh cngcng tham chiu ti cc Quy chun tng ng khc.
Quy chun ny khng quy nh cc yu cu k thut m bo an ton sinh mng v
sc khe con ngi trong qu trnh chun b v thi cng cng trnh v do cc yu t
khng xut pht t bn thn cng trnh ( nhim do qu trnh sn xut, tc ng ca
l lt hoc t cc cng trnh bn ngoi).
1.2 i tng p dng
1.2.1 Cc loi nh v cng trnh cng cng thuc i tng p dng ca Quy
chun ny ghi trong Bng 1.1
Bng 1.1 Cc loi nh v cng trnh cng cng phi p dng Quy chun
STT Loi cng trnh
Nh
1 Nh chung c
2 Nh ring l (khuyn khch p dng)
Cng trnh cng cng
3 Cng trnh vn ha: Th vin, bo tng, nh trin lm, nh vn ha, cu lc
b, nh biu din, nh ht, rp chiu bng, rp xic, i pht thanh, i
truyn hnh
4 Nh tr v trng hc: Nh tr, trng mu gio, trng mm non, trng
ph thng cc cp, trung tm k thut tng hp hng nghip, trng
trung cp chuyn nghip, c s dy ngh, trng i hc v cc loi trng
khc.
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STT Loi cng trnh
5 Cng trnh y t: Trm y t, bnh vin a khoa, bnh vin chuyn khoa t
trung ng n a phng, cc phng khm a khoa, khm chuyn khoa
khu vc, nh h sinh, nh iu dng, nh ngh, nh dng lo, cc c
quan y t, phng chng dch bnh.6 Cng trnh thng nghip: Ch, ca hng, trung tm thng mi, siu th,
hng n, gii kht, trm dch v cng cng.
7 Nh lm vic: Vn phng, tr s.
8 Khch sn, nh khch.
9 Nh phc v giao thng: Nh ga, bn xe cc loi.
10 Nh phc v thng tin lin lc: Nh bu in, bu cc, nh lp t thit bthng tin, i lu khng.
11 Sn vn ng.12 Nh th thao.
1.2.2 Ngoi cc i tng p dng nu iu 1.2.1, mt s chng ca Quy
chun cn c gii hn ring v i tng p dng cho ring chng .
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CHNG 2 PHNG CHNG NC, HI M V CHT C HI
2.1 Yu cu chung
2.1.1 Phng chng nc v hi ma) Nn nh v phn tng tip xc vi t nn phi m bo ngn c
nc v hi m t di t thm ln pha trn ca nn v tng;
b) Tng, mi, ban cng, l gia, hnh lang ngoi ca nh phi m bo
khng ng nc v ngn c nc ma thm qua;
c) Sn cc khu vc dng nc phi m bo khng ng nc v ngn
c nc thm qua.
2.1.2 Phng chng cht c hia) Phi c bin php phng nga, trnh c nguy c cc cht c hi b
mt hoc trong nn t ca cng trnh gy hi n sc kho con ngi.
b) Ti khu vc c ngi s dng, vt liu xy dng khng c pht thi cc
cht c hi nng nh hng xu n sc kho con ngi.
2.2 Gii thch t ng
2.2.1 Cht c hi: Cht gy s suy gim sc khe trc mt hoc lu di cho
ngi s dng.
2.2.2 Hot phng x ring (Cj) ca ht nhn phng x j :L hot phng
x t nhin ca ht nhn phng x j trong mu chia cho khi lng ca mu
, n v o l Bq/kg. Hot phng x ring Cj i vi vt liu xy dng
bao gm hot phng x ca cc ht nhn phng x Radi, Thori v Kali
(CRa , CTh v CK ).
2.2.3 Ch s hot phng x an ton (I): L ch s phn nh hot phng x
tng hp ca cc hot phng x t nhin ring CRa, CTh v CK ca vt
liu. Ch s hot phng x an ton l i lng khng th nguyn.
2.2.4 Nng trung bnh cho php tip xc trong 8 gi (Nng TWA 1):
Nng trung bnh m ngi tip xc trong thi gian 8 gi khng b nh
hng n sc khe. n v o: ppm hoc mg/m3 khng kh (1 ppm = 10-6
mg/m3 khng kh).
2.2.5 Nng gii hn cho php tip xc ngn (Nng STEL2): Nng
m ngi tip xc lin tc trong thi gian 15 pht khng b nh hng n
1Vit tt ca Time-Weighted Average2 Vit tt ca Short Term Exposure Limit;
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sc khe. n v o: ppm hoc mg/m3 khng kh (1 ppm = 10-6 mg/m3 khng
kh).
2.3 Cc yu cu c th
2.3.1 Ch s hot phng x an ton (I) ca vt liu xy dng phi p ng yu
cu nu Bng 2.1.
Bng 2.1 . Mc hot phng x an ton ca vt liu xy dng
TT i tng p dng
Gi tr ch s hot phng x an ton
(I1 , I2 v I3)
1 Dng xy nh
1.1 Sn phm vt liu xy dng khi lng ln dng xy nh I1 11.2 Vt liu san lp nn nh v nn gn nh I1 11.3 Vt liu s dng xy nh vi b mt hay khi lng hn
ch (v d tng mng hay lt sn, p tng) I1 62 Xy dng cc cng trnh ngoi nh
2.1 S dng nh vt liu p, lt cng trnh I2 1,53 Dng cho san lp
3.1 Vt liu dng cho san lp (khng thuc mc 1) I3 13.2 Vt liu khng dng cho san lp, cn c tn cha I3 >1
Ch thch:- CRa , CTh, CK l cc hot phng x t nhin ring ca vt liu xy dng tng ngvi cc ht nhn phng x Radi-226, Thori-232 v Kali-40.
- I1=CRa/300 +CTh/200 + CK/3000 ; I2=CRa/700 +CTh/500 + CK/8000;
I3=CRa/2000 +CTh/1500 + CK/20000
2.3.2 Vt liu xy dng cha aming:
2.3.2.1 Khng c s dng cc loi vt liu xy dng ch to t aming
amphibole.
2.3.2.2 Ch s dng vt liu xy dng cha aming cryzotyl di dng ch to
thnh sn phm, khng gy pht tn si aming ri.
2.3.3 Vt liu xy dng cha hc n cn c nng TWA khng ln hn 0,2
mg/m3.
2.3.4 Vt liu sn, bt mu xy dng phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
Hm lng benzen c nng TWA khng ln hn 1 ppm; nng
STEL khng ln hn 5 ppm;
Hm lng asen v c c nng TWA khng ln hn 0,01 mg/m3
; Hm lng cadimi c nng TWA khng ln hn 0,005 mg/m3;
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Hm lng metyl clorua c nng TWA khng ln hn 25 ppm;
nng STEL khng ln hn 125 ppm;
Hm lng crom VI trong vt liu sn chng n mn kim loi phi c
nng TWA khng ln hn 0,005 mg/m3.
2.3.5 Vt liu xm mch phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
Hm lng fomaldehyt c nng TWA khng ln hn 0,75 ppm;
nng STEL khng ln hn 2 ppm.
Hm lng metyl clorua c nng TWA khng ln hn 25 ppm;
nng STEL khng ln hn 125 ppm.
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CHNG 3 BO V KHI NG, X V VA P
3.1 Yu cu chung
3.1.1 Cu thang b v ng dcPhi c cu thang b, bc thang hoc ng dc m bo an ton cho
ngi i li gia cc sn, nn cao chnh nhau t 380mm tr ln.
3.1.2 Lan can
Phi c lan can hoc vt chn kh nng ngn ngi i li khng b ng
ti cc sn nn c cao chnh nhau t 2 bc thang (hoc 380mm nu
khng c bc thang) tr ln v cc v tr:
a) Cu thang b, bc thang, ng dc, sn, ban cng, l-gia, hnh lang vmi c ngi i li;
b) Ging tri, khu vc tng hm hoc cc khu vc ngm tng t ni vi
cng trnh c ngi i li.
3.1.3 Ro chn xe c gii v khu vc bc xp hng
3.1.3.1 Cc ng dc v sn nh c xe c gii i li phi c ro chn bo v
ngi ti cc ni cn thit.
3.1.3.2 Khu vc bc xp hng cho xe c gii phi c cc li ra hoc li trnh xe cgii cho ngi bn trong khu vc.
3.1.4 Trnh x, va p hoc b kt
3.1.4.1 Ngi i li bn trong hoc xung quanh cng trnh phi c m bo
khng b x vo ca thng kh hoc ca ly nh sng.
3.1.4.2 Cnh ca v cnh cng cn m bo:
a) Khng va vo ngi khi trt hoc m v pha trc;
b) Khng nht ngi bn trong khi ca v cng ng m bng ng c.
3.1.4.3 Ca hoc cng ng m bng ng c phi m c bng tay trong
trng hp ng c b hng.
3.1.4.4 Ca quay hoc cng quay phi m bo khng che khut tm nhn c hai
pha.
3.2 Gii hn p dng
3.2.1 Yu cu 3.1.3.1 ch p dng cho cc ng dc l b phn ca nh.
3.2.2 Yu cu 3.1.4.2 v 3.1.4.3 khng p dng cho ca hay cng l b phn ca
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thang my.
3.3 Gii thch t ng
3.3.1 Cu thang b: B phn c cc bc, chiu ti v c th c chiu ngh
ngi di chuyn gia cc cao .
3.3.2 Cu thang xon: Cu thang b xy xung quanh mt ct hoc khong trng
gia.
3.3.3 V thang: B phn ca cu thang c cc bc lin tc theo mt chiu.
3.3.4 Bn bc vt: Bn bc c mi bc khng song song vi mi bc hoc cnh
chiu ti, chiu ngh pha trn n.
3.3.5 Chiu cao bc thang: Chiu cao gia cc bc thang lin k.
3.3.6 Chiu rng bc thang: Kch thc theo phng ngang t pha trc rapha sau bc tr i cc phn m bc trn n trm ln.
3.3.7 ng dc: ng c dc ln hn 1:20 c thit k cho ngi v
phng tin di chuyn gia cc sn, nn c cao khc nhau.
3.4 Cc yu cu c th
3.4.1 Cu thang b
3.4.1.1 dc ca cu thang b - chiu rng v chiu cao bc thanga) Chiu cao v chiu rng bc ca tt c cc bc thang phi tho mn yu
cu v kch thc cho Bng 3.1, ng thi tng ca hai ln chiu cao
cng vi chiu rng bc thang (2H+B) khng nh hn 550mm v khng
ln hn 700mm (tr cu thang nu im b) di y).
b) Cu thang b trong c s gio dc mm non c chiu cao bc ti a l
120 mm.
c) Kch thc bc thang c xc nh theo Hnh 3.1.
d) dc ln nht ca li i vo cc hng gh ngi hoc bc ngi l 350.
Bng 3.1. Gii hn chiu cao v chiu rng bc thang
STT Loi cu thang b Chiu cao ti a
(mm)
Chiu rng ti thiu
(mm)
1 Cu thang b ca cc cng
trnh cng cng
180** 280*
2 Cu thang b ca nh 190** 250CH THCH:
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thiu l 250mm.
** Chiu cao bc ln nht i vi cu thang b dng cho ngi tn tt cn p ng
yu cu ca Quy chun xy dng cng trnh m bo cho ngi tn tt tip cn s
dng.
Hnh 3.1. o chiu cao v chiu rng bc thang
3.4.1.2 Cu to bc thang
a) Mt bc thang phi ngang phng. Bc thang c th h nhng mt bc
phi trm ln nhau t nht 16mm.
b) Tt c cc cu thang b c bc h nu c tr em di 5 tui s dng thkhe h khng c cao qu 100mm.
3.4.1.3 Chiu cao thng thu
Chiu cao thng thu i vi cc cu thang b v li i t nht l 2m. Cch xc
nh chiu cao thng thu c th hin Hnh 3.2.
Hnh 3.2. o chiu cao thng thu ca cu thang b
12
Chiu rng bc (B)
Cc bc khng c cbc phi trm ln nhaut nht 16mm
Mt trn ca bc thang
Chiu caobc (H)
Chiu rng bc (B)
Chiu rng bc c tnht mi bc ny n mibc khc
C bc Mt trn ca bc thang
t nht 2mChiu cao thngthu thp nht
t nht 2m
t nht 2m
Chiu ti/chiu ngh
V thang
ngmi bcChiu ti
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3.4.1.4 Chiu ti, chiu ngh
a) Chiu di v rng ca mi chiu ti, chiu ngh t nht phi bng chiu
rng nh nht ca v thang.
b) Chiu ti, chiu ngh cn phi ngang phng.
3.4.1.5 Cc loi cu thang b c bit
a) Cu thang c bn bc vt
Chiu rng ca bc vt c o nh sau:
- Nu chiu rng ca v thang nh hn 1 m, o gia bc.
- Nu chiu rng ca v thang t 1 m tr ln, o ti v tr cch hai bn 270
mm.
Cu thang c coi l m bo yu cu t ra nu chiu cao v chiu rngbc p ng cc yu cu 3.4.1.1.
Chiu rng nh nht ca cc bc vt l 50mm (xem Hnh 3.3).
Nu cu thang bao gm c cc bc thng v cc bc vt th chiu rng ca
cc bc vt khng c nh hn chiu rng ca cc bc thng. Cc bc
thng cng phi p ng yu cu 3.4.1.1.
b) Cu thang xon
i vi cu thang trong khu vc cht hp khng s dng cho qu mt phngc ngi s dng th cho php cu thang c chiu rng bc nh hn cc yu
cu ca Quy chun ny.
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Hnh 3.3 o kch thc cu thang c bn bc vt
3.4.1.6 Tay vn cho cu thang b
Cu thang b phi c tay vn t nht mt bn nu v thang c chiu rng di
1 m, c tay vn c hai bn nu v thang rng hn 1 m (trong trng hp mt
bn l tng th cho php khng c tay vn bn tng). Tay vn phi ko diph ht hai bc thang cui cng trong cc cng trnh cng cng hoc cng
trnh c ngi tn tt s dng.
3.4.1.7 Lan can cu thang
a) V thang, chiu ti, chiu ngh phi c lan can bo v cc cnh h.
b) i vi cng trnh c tr em di 5 tui lui ti, lan can cn m bo cc
yu cu sau :
+ khe h ca lan can khng t lt qu cu c ng knh 100mm;+ khng c cu to tr em d tro qua lan can.
14
Chiu rng thangnh hn 1m
Chiu rng bc ti chthu hp t nht l 50mm
o chiu rng thang ti tm bc thang; o theo ngcong thang ngay c khi thang c dng hnh ch nht.
Chiu rng thang1m hoc ln hn
Chiu rngthang
Chiu di chiungh o ngtm
270mm 270mm
Bngnhau
Bngnhau
Chiu rng bc khngnh hn quy nh 3.4.1.1
Chiu rng bc khngln hn quy nh 3.4.1.1
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c) Chiu cao ti thiu ca lan can c quy nh Bng 3.2.
Bng 3.2 Chiu cao ti thiu ca lan can
Cng trnh V tr Chiu cao ti thiu
(mm)
Nh , c quan, trng
hc, cng s v cc cng
trnh cng cng
L-gia v sn thng cc
v tr cao t 9 tng tr ln.
1400
V thang, ng dc 900
Cc v tr khc 1100
Ni tp trung ng ngi 530mm trc gh ngi c
nh
800
V thang, ng dc 900
Cc v tr khc 11003.4.2 ng dc
3.4.2.1 dc ln nht ca ng dc khng c vt qu 1:12 i vi cng
trnh cng cng v 1:10 i vi nh chung c.
3.4.2.2 Tt c cc ng dc, chiu ti, chiu ngh phi c chiu cao thng thu ti
thiu l 2m.
3.4.2.3 Cn m bo ng dc khng c vt cn c nh, b mt ng dc phi
c cu to chng trt.3.4.2.4 ng dc c chiu rng nh hn 1m phi c tay vn t nht mt bn. Nu
rng hn th phi c tay vn c hai bn. ng dc ni hai cao cch
nhau di 600mm khng bt buc phi c tay vn.
Chiu cao tay vn phi t 900mm n 1000mm. Tay vn phi l ch ta chc
chn v cho php nm cht c.
Tay vn ca ng dc dnh cho ngi tn tt cn tun th Quy chun xy
dng cng trnh m bo cho ngi tn tt tip cn s dng.
3.4.2.5 ng dc, chiu ti, chiu ngh phi c lan can che chn ti cc cnh h
nh i vi cu thang b
3.4.3 Lan can v ro chn
3.4.3.1 Lan can cho ngi i b
a) Phi c lan can chn cc cnh trng ca sn, ban cng, lgia, mi (bao
gm c ging tri v cc l m khc), v cc ni khc c ngi i li.
ga ra t phi c lan can nhng ni c ngi i li nhng khng bt buc nhng ng dc ch s dng cho xe c i li v khu vc bc xp
hng.
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b) Chiu cao ti thiu i vi lan can c cho Bng 3.2. Lan can phi c
kh nng chu c tc ng ca lc ngang quy nh trong Quy chun lin
quan. Khng lm lan can c mt trn rng trnh ngi ngi hoc nm.
Nu s dng knh cc lan can, cn tun th chng 4 ca Quy chun
ny.
c) i vi cng trnh c tr em di 5 tui s dng th lan can phi cu to
khng cho tr em d tro qua1 v khng c l hng t lt qu cu ng
knh 100mm.
3.4.3.2 Ro chn xe c gii
a) Cn b tr cc ro chn ti cc cnh ca li i, ti sn, sn mi c xe c
gii i li.
b) Ro chn phi c chiu cao ti thiu l 375 mm i vi mp sn hoc mi,
600 mm i vi mp ng dc. Ro chn phi c kh nng chu ctc ng ca lc ngang theo quy nh trong Quy chun c lin quan.
3.4.3.3 Khu vc bc xp
Khu vc bc xp phi c t nht mt li thot ra pha cao thp. Cc khu
vc bc xp rng dnh cho hai xe tr ln cn b tr t nht hai li ra, mi li
mt bn.
3.4.4 Chng x vo ca thng gi v ca ly nh sng
3.4.4.1 Cc b phn nh ra
Ca thng gi v ca ly nh sng nu c cc b phn nh ra qu 100mm
vo khng gian i li ca ngi s dng trong v xung quanh cng trnh, k
c hng vo trong nh hay ra ngoi, phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
- b phn c nh nh ra khng thp hn 2 m k t mt nn hoc sn;
- phn ca m ra phi c cc ro cn hoc lan can cao t nht 900 mm
phng ngi i li bc vo; nu khng phi c du hiu rt r rng
khc bit hn so vi cc khu vc khc trn mt nn hoc sn lu ngi s dng trnh xa khu vc .
3.4.4.2 Khng gian ch s dng cho mc ch bo dng cng trnh
i vi khu vc khng s dng thng xuyn m ch s dng vo mc ch
bo dng cng trnh th cn b tr nhng du hiu r rng, d thy lu
c cc b phn nh ra.
3.4.5 Chng va p vo cnh ca v chng b ca kp
1Khng nn b tr cc thanh ngang tr ta chn tro qua lan can .
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3.4.5.1 Ca v cng li i chnh, cc loi ca hoc cng c th m t hai pha
phi c cc nhn qua c tr khi chng thp n mc c th nhn qua
pha trn (khong 900 mm ngi ngi trn xe ln c th nhn qua).
3.4.5.2 Cc ca, cng trt phi c con chn hoc cc b phn thch hp
phng b trt khi ray, ng thi phi m bo khng b ri khi h thng
treo hng hoc con ln chch khi ray.
3.4.5.3 Ca, cng m ln trn phi m bo khng t sp xung gy thng tch
cho ngi s dng.
3.4.5.4 Ca, cng ng m bng ng c cn c:
a) cc b phn an ton trnh thng vong cho ngi b kp hoc b nht;
b) cng tc dng c lp t ti ni d thy v d bt;
c) c th m t ng hoc m bng tay trong trng hp mt in.
3.4.6 Bin bo
3.4.6.1 Cn c cc bin bo ch dn thng tin ti cc v tr cn thit nh: li ra vo,
li thot nn, ni c nguy c chy, n, in git, ni cm la, khu v sinh,
ni t in thoi, thit b lin lc, thit b chng chy.
3.4.6.2 Bin bo phi d c v nhng ni d thy. Ti nhng khu vc nguy
him, bin bo phi v tr thch hp mi ngi nhn bit trc khi i
vo khu vc .3.4.6.3 Ni dung ca bin bo phi d hiu, c trng v thng nht vi quy c
quc t.
3.4.6.4 Cc bin bo ng thot nn, s tn khn cp phi c chiu sng vi
ri trn b mt bin bo khng di 1 lux.
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CHNG 4 AN TON S DNG KNH
4.1 Yu cu chung
4.1.1An ton i vi tc ng va p
Knh ti cc ni c ngi thng xuyn lui ti bn trong hoc xung quanh
cng trnh phi p ng mt trong cc yu cu ti thiu sau:
a) c bo v trnh va p;
b) C th chu c tc ng va p m khng b v;
c) Nu b v do va p th khng gy nguy him cho ngi s dng.
4.1.2 Du hiu nhn bit knh
Cc loi knh trong sut t ti nhng ni c ngi thng xuyn lui ti cn
phi c gn cc du hiu nhn bit s c mt ca knh.
4.1.3 ng m ca an ton
Ca s, ca mi v ca thng gi phi m bo ng, m hoc iu chnh
m mt cch an ton.
4.1.4 Ca s, ca tri, cc vch bao che, trn hoc mi knh cn phi m bo
an ton khi tip cn lm v sinh.
4.2 Cc yu cu c th
4.2.1 An ton i vi tc ng va p
4.2.1.1 An ton khi v do va p
Khi th nghim va p, kt qu phi t mt trong cc yu cu sau:
a) Ch gy ra mt l nh
b) Knh khng b v ri ra m ch mt tnh lin tc vi cc mnh nh cn dnh
kt vi nhau.
c) Knh b v thnh cc mnh khng nhn sc cnh.
4.2.1.2 Knh c bo v bi vt c nh
Khi s dng cc vt c nh (lan can, tm chn, ...) bo v knh ti cc
vng nguy him th cc vt ny cn phi:
a) Khng c khe h no nht lt qu cu ng knh 75 mm;
b) Chc chn;c) Kh tro qua ngn nga chng ri ng.
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4.2.2 ng m ca an ton
a) B phn iu khin ng m ca phi t v tr khng cao qu
1,9m so vi mt sn hoc ni c th ng ng m ca.
b) B phn iu khin phi t thp hn 1,7m khi c chng ngi vt
rng ti 600mm v thp hn 900mm (xem Hnh 4.1);c) Khi khng p ng c cc yu cu a) v b) trn th phi c
cng c ng m ca t xa, v d nh h thng iu khin in t
hoc iu khin bng tay.
d) i vi cc phng c xy dng m bo ngi tn tt tip
cn s dng th phi tun th cc quy nh ca Quy chun Xy dng cng
trnh m bo ngi tn tt tip cn s dng.
Hnh 4. - Khong cch ti v tr iu khin ng, m ca
4.3 An ton khi tip cn lm v sinh ca s
Trng hp khng th lm v sinh mt knh mt cch an ton bng cch
ng trc tip trn mt t, mt sn hoc cc b mt c nh th cn phi c
mt trong cc gii php sau:
a) B tr cc ca s vi kch thc v kiu dng m bo b mt ngoi c
lm v sinh mt cch an ton t pha bn trong ca cng trnh. Cn lp t
mt c cu c th gi ca c nh ti v tr nh trc cho nhng ca s
nh vy.
b) B tr mt din tch phng, c nh v chc chn v tr cho php s dng
thang di ng c chiu di khng qu 9m tnh t chn thang ti im ta
thang. Vi thang c chiu di nh hn 6m th c th t ta trn nn hoc
sn; vi thang c chiu di ln hn 6m phi c ch neo buc thang vo
cng trnh;
c) B tr li tip cn i li c c chiu rng ti thiu l 400 mm, lan can caoti thiu 1000 mm hoc c cc chi tit neo dng c phng trt ng.
19
Nh hn 1,7m nu cchng ngi vt, nu khngc chng ngi vt th nhhn 1,9m
Ca s
600mm ti bphn iu khin
900
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d) B tr cc im neo ph hp treo mc dy an ton.
e) Nu khng p dng c mt trong cc gii php trn, cn b tr ch
t gio dng thp hoc gio treo vi cc dng c an ton i km.
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CHNG 5 CHIU SNG
5.1 Yu cu chung
Bn trong v bn ngoi nh phi c chiu sng ph hp vi mc ch sdng.
5.2 Gii thch t ng
5.2.1 Chiu sng t nhin: Chiu sng cc phng (trc tip hoc gin tip) bng
nh sng bu tri xuyn qua ca ly nh sng b tr cc kt cu bao che.
5.2.2 Chiu sng nhn to: Chiu sng bng nh sng nhn to.
5.2.3 Chiu sng lm vic: Chiu sng m bo mi hot ng bnh thng ca
con ngi trong cng trnh
5.2.4 Chiu sng s c: Chiu sng bo m cho ngi d dng thot ra ngoi
trong trng hp c s c.
5.2.5 Chiu sng bo v: Chiu sng gii hn trong khu vc (hoc cng trnh)
cn phi bo v trong thi gian ban m.
5.3 Cc yu cu c th
5.3.1 Chiu sng t nhin5.3.1.1 Cc cn phng trong nh, nht l cc phng , khu v sinh cn c u
tin chiu sng t nhin qua cc ca s m trc tip ra khng gian trng
bn ngoi.
5.3.1.2 i vi ni lm vic, chiu sng t nhin cn m bo qu na thi gian
ban ngy vi gi tr ri t nhin ti thiu ph hp vi hot ng th gic,
qui nh Bng 5.1.
Bng 5.1 H s ri t nhin ti thiu
Phn cp hot ng th gic Chiu sng bn Chiu sng trn
Mc chnh xc Kch thcvt phn bit
(mm)
rinh sngt nhintrong nh
(lux)
H s ri t
nhin tithiu (%)
rinh sngt nhintrong nh
(lux)
H s ri tnhin
trung bnh(%)
c bit chnh xc d 0,15 250 5 350 7
Rt chnh xc 0,15< d
0,3
150 3 250 5
Chnh xc 0,3< d 1,0 100 2 150 3
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Trung bnh 1,0< d 5,0 50 1 100 2
Th d> 5,0 25 0,5 50 1
5.3.2 Chiu sng nhn to
5.3.2.1 Chiu sng lm vic
Trong nh, chiu sng nhn to phi m bo khi thiu hoc khng c
chiu sng t nhin vn bo m mi hot ng bnh thng ca ngi s
dng.
5.3.2.2 Chiu sng s c
Phi chiu sng s c trong nhng trng hp sau:
i) Chiu sng khn cp: t dc ng thot nn nhng ni c nguy c
chy, n, nhim c.
ii) Chiu sng lin tc: Thc hin nhng ni nu ngng chiu sng s gy
nh hng n an ton, an ninh x hi, thit hi v kinh t hoc nguy hi
n tnh mng con ngi (nh phng m, phng cp cu).
iii) Chiu sng bo v: Chiu sng bn ngoi nh, dc ranh gii nh hoc khu
cng trnh cn bo v an ninh v ti sn.
5.3.2.3 Chiu sng t mt ngoi cng trnh khng c nh hng xu ti giao
thng v m quan th.
5.3.2.4 Yu cu v ri ca chiu sng nhn to trong v ngoi nh c qui nh
Bng 5.2 v Bng 5.3.
Bng 5.2 Chiu sng nhn to bn trong nh - ri ti thiu trn b mt lmvic hoc vt cn phn bit.
Loi phng
ri ti thiu (Lux) trong trng hp quan st
Thng xuyn Theo chu k Khng lu
n
hunhquang
n
nungsng
n
hunhquang
n
nungsng
n
hunhquang
n
nungsng
Phng lm vic, vn phng,lp hc, phng thit k, thnghim.
400 200 300 150 150 75
Phng n ung; Gian bnhng; Gian trin lm
300 150 200 100 100 50
Hi trng gian khn gi;Nh ht, rp chiu bng
150 75 100 50 75 30
Bng 5.3 Chiu sng s c v chiu sng nhn to bn ngoi nh
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Loi chiu sng ri ti thiu (lux) Ghi ch
Trong nh Ngoi nh
1. Chiu sng s c:
- Trn mt lm vic
- Phng mTrn ng thot nn
2
1501
1
-2
(trn mt sn lii, bc thang)
Phi dng nsi nung
2. Chiu sng bo v 1
(trn mt t)
3. Ngoi nh:
- Cng vo
- ng, sn do chi
- Sn chi, tp th dc
3
2
4
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CHNG 6 THNG GI
6.1 Yu cu chung
6.1.1 H thng thng gi ca nh v cng trnh cng cng phi m bo:
a) ht thi hi nc t ni c ngun pht sinh nhiu hi nc (bp, phng
tm) trc khi n lan ra cc khu vc khc;
b) ht thi cc cht gy nhim t ni c ngun pht sinh nhiu cht gy
nhim (nh cc phng c cc hot ng sinh ra cc cht gy nhim)
trc khi n lan ra cc khu vc khc;
c) duy tr cung cp lng khng kh ti ti thiu, ng thi pha long nng
cc cht gy nhim v hi nc sinh ra;
d) tin li trong vn hnh, thi c nhit tha sinh ra trong cng trnh v
khng gy nh hng ti sc kho con ngi.
6.1.2 H thng thng gi s c phi tun th cc quy nh c lin quan trong Quy
chun v phng chy, chng chy cho nh v cng trnh.
6.1.3 H thng thng gi, iu ha khng kh khng c tun hon trong trng
hp khng kh c cha cc cht c hi nguy him, cc cht gy chy n, vi
sinh vt gy bnh, cht gy mi kh chu.
6.1.4 Thng gi t nhin phi c s dng ti a cho cc phng bn trong nh
v cng trnh cng cng.
6.2 Gii hn p dng
Cc yu cu nu chng ny khng bt buc p dng i vi hng mc
cng trnh hay khng gian trong cng trnh:
a) khng c ngi thng xuyn lui ti;
b) kho hoc ni ch cha ;6.3 Gii thch t ng
6.3.1 Thng gi ht thi cc b: l thng gi ht khng kh t cc ni pht sinh
ra cht nhim nh bp, phng tm, phng my photocopy, nhm hn ch
s lan truyn cc cht sang cc phng khc bn trong nh v cng trnh.
S ht thi ny c th thng xuyn hoc ngt qung.
6.3.2 Thng gi chung: l thng gi bng cch cung cp kh ti t bn ngoi
lm pha long, phn tn cc cht gy nhim hoc hi nc.
6.3.3 Thng gi s c: l thng gi tng cng, c d kin trong qu trnh
s dng, trong trng hp xy ra s c lm pht sinh bt thng mt lng
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ln cht c hi hoc cht gy chy n.
6.3.4 Thng gi t nhin: l thng gi ch s dng nng lng t nhin.
6.3.5 Thng gi c kh: l thng gi s dng qut.
6.4 Cc yu cu c th
6.4.1 i vi nh
6.4.1.1 Phi b tr thng gi ht thi cc b cho bp, phng tm, phng v sinh,
phng c t cc thit b nh my git, l. Lu lng thng gi ht thi cc
b ti thiu tnh bng lt/giy (l/s) c quy nh trong bng 6.1.
Bng 6.1 Lu lng thng gi ht thi cc b ti thiu i vi nh
Phng Lu lng thng gi ht thi
cc b khng thng xuyn
Lu lng thng gi ht thi
cc b thng xuyn
(l/s) (l/s)
Bp 30 (trc tip trn bp) 13
Tm 15 8
V sinh 6 6
6.4.1.2 Lu lng thng gi chung cp khng kh ti t bn ngoi vo trong nh
c quy nh khng nh hn cc gi tr trong bng 6.2, ng thi khng
nh hn 0,3 (l/s)/mt vung sn.
Bng 6.2 Lu lng thng gi chung ti thiu i vi nh
S phng ng
1 2 3 4 5
Lu lng thng gi
chung (l/s)
13 17 21 25 29
6.4.2 i vi vn phng
6.4.2.1 Phi b tr thng gi ht thi cc b cho phng v sinh, phng git, khu vc
nu n, cc phng c my in n v photocopy. Lu lng thng gi ht thicc b ti thiu c quy nh trong bng 6.3.
6.4.2.2 Lu lng thng gi chung cp khng kh ti t bn ngoi vo trong vn
phng khng nh hn 5,5 (l/s)/ngi.
Bng 6.3 - Lu lng thng gi ht thi ti thiu i vi vn phngPhng Lu lng thng gi ht thi ti thiu
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Phng c my in, my
photocopy vi tn sut s
dng ln (trn 30 pht mi gi)
20 (l/s)/my khi s dng (nu my s dng lin
tc th p dng mc thng gi chung).
V sinh v tm ca vn phng Ht khng lin tc vi lu lng 15 (l/s)/hng
sen hoc bn;6 (l/s)/tiu hoc x
Bp Ht khng lin tc (nhng ng thi vi qu trnh
ch bin) vi lu lng:
15 l/s i vi l vi sng
30 l/s i vi chp ht trc tip trn 1 bp
6.4.3 i vi gara:
a) gara ch dng thng gi t nhin: phi m t nht 25% din tch tng haipha i din nhau hoc 1/20 din tch sn vi mi ch xe ;
b) gara c thng gi c kh kt hp thng gi t nhin: phi m ca
thng gi t nhin vi din tch t nht bng 1/40 din tch sn, kt hp
thng gi c kh vi bi s trao i khng kh t nht l 3 ln/gi.
c) gara ch dng thng gi c kh (ga ra ngm): bi s trao i khng kh t
nht l 6 ln/gi. i vi li ra vo, ni cc xe xp hng m vn n my,
th bi s trao i khng kh t nht l 10 ln/gi.
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CHNG 7 CHNG N
7.1 Yu cu chung
Nh v cng trnh cng cng phi c kh nng chng n lan truyn gia
cc b phn trong cng trnh v t cc b phn ca cng trnh lin k.
7.2 Cc yu cu c th
Tng, vch, ca, sn ca cc phng phi t yu cu cch m nh Bng
7.1.
Bng 7.1. Ch s cch m ti thiu i vi tng, vch, ca v sn
ST
T
Tn v v tr kt cu ngn che Ch s cch m
khng kh, dB
Ch s cch m
va chm, dB
1 Sn gia cc phng kiu cn h chung
c
45 73
2 Sn gia cc phng vi tng hm, tng
m, phng p mi
40 -
3 Sn gia phng vi cc ca hng pha
di
50 73
4 Sn gia phng vi cc phng pha didng hot ng th thao, lm qun c
ph gii kht, hoc phc v hot ng cng
cng tng t
55 73
5 Tng v vch gia cc cn h, gia cc
phng ca cn h vi cu thang b,
phng m, snh
45 -
6 Tng gia phng ca cn h v cahng
50 -
7 Vch khng c ca gia cc phng , gia
bp vi phng ca mt cn h; vch gia
phng vi khu v sinh ca mt cn h
40 -
8 Ca i hng ra cu thang b, snh, hnh
lang20 -
MC LC
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CHNG 1QUY NH CHUNG ................................................................................. 5
CHNG 2PHNG CHNG NC, HI M V CHT C HI..............................7
CHNG 3BO V KHI NG, X V VA P ..................................................... 10
CHNG 4AN TON S DNG KNH ................................................................... 18
CHNG 5CHIU SNG ....................................................................................... 21
CHNG 6THNG GI ......................................................................................... 24
CHNG 7CHNG N ......................................................................................... 27
