Qc

Quality Circle

SAIKAT GHOSHSR MGR(TQM)

Quality Circle

• A Quality Circle is a volunteer group composed of workers (or even students)

• usually under the leadership of their supervisor (but they can elect a team leader)

• who are trained to identify, analyse and solve work-related problems

• and present their solutions to management • in order to improve the performance of the

organization• and motivate and enrich the work of

employees

• When matured, true quality circles become self-managing, having gained the confidence of management

• . Quality circles are an alternative to the dehumanising concept of the Division of Labour, where workers or individuals are treated like robots

• They bring back the concept of Craftsmanship, which when operated on an individual basis is uneconomic

• but when used in group form (as is the case with Quality Circles), it can be devastatingly powerful

• and enables the enrichment of the lives of the workers or students and creates harmony and high performance in the workplace

• Their name Quality Circles received from PDSA circles of Dr. W.Edward Deming. Quality circles were first established in Japan in 1962

• Kaoru Ishikawa has been credited with their creation. The movement in Japan was coordinated by the Japanese Union of Scientists and Engineers (JUSE).

• The first circles were established at the Nippon Wireless and Telegraph Company but then spread to more than 32 other companies in the first year

• By 1978 it was claimed that there were more than one million Quality Circles involving some 10 million Japanese workers

CONTOL CHART

• The control chart, also known as the Shewhart chart or process-behaviour chart

• in statistical process control is a tool used to determine whether a manufacturing or business process is in a state of statistical control or not.

The control chart

• is one of the seven basic tools of quality control along with

• the histogram

• Pareto chart, check sheet

• cause-and-effect diagram

• flowchart

• scatter diagram).

The control chart

• was invented by Walter A. Shewhart

• while working for Bell Labs in the 1920s

HISTOGRAM

• In statistics, a histogram is a graphical display of tabulated frequencies

• shown as bars

• It shows what proportion of cases fall into each of several categories

• it is a form of data binning.

Histograms

• are used to plot density of data• and often for density estimation

estimating the probability density function of the underlying variable

• The total area of a histogram always equals 1

• If the length of the intervals on the x-axis are all 1, then a histogram is identical to a relative frequency plot.

FISH-BONE DIAGRAM

• Ishikawa diagrams • also called fishbone diagrams • or cause-and-effect diagrams• are diagrams that show the causes of a certain

event.• Common uses of the Ishikawa diagram are

product design and quality defect prevention• to identify potential factors causing an overall

effect.

Ishikawa diagrams

• Ishikawa diagrams were proposed by Kaoru Ishikawa[1] in the 1960s

• who pioneered quality management processes in the Kawasaki shipyards

• and in the process became one of the founding fathers of modern management.

fishbone diagram

• It was first used in the 1960s, and is considered one of the seven basic tools of quality management

• along with the histogram• Pareto chart• check sheet• control chart• flowchart• and scatter diagram• It is known as a fishbone diagram because of

its shape, similar to the side view of a fish skeleton.

The original 4 M's

• Machine (Equipment)

• Method (Process/Inspection)

• Material (Raw,Consumables etc.)

• Man

More categories

• Mother Nature (Environment) • Man Power (physical work) • Mind Power (Brain Work): Kaizens, Suggestions • Measurement (Inspection) • Maintenance • Money Power

• Management

The 8 P's (Used In Service Industry)

• People • Process • Policies • Procedures • Price • Promotion • Place/Plant

• Product

The 4 S's (Used In Service Industry)

• Surroundings

• Suppliers

• Systems

• Skills

Pareto chart

• A Pareto chart is a type of chart which contains both bars and a line graph

• The bars display the values in descending order

• and the line graph shows the cumulative totals of each category, left to right.

• The chart was named for Vilfredo Pareto.

A simple flowchart

• A flowchart is a common type of chart, that represents an algorithm or process

• showing the steps as boxes of various kinds

• and their order by connecting these with arrows.

• Flowcharts are used in analyzing, designing, documenting or managing a process or program in various fields.[1]

flow process chart

• The first structured method for documenting process flow, the "flow process chart", was introduced by Frank Gilbreth

• to members of ASME in 1921 as the presentation “Process Charts

• First Steps in Finding the One Best Way. Gilbreth's tools quickly found their way into industrial engineering curricula.

flow process chart

• In the early 1930s, an industrial engineer, Allan H. Mogensen began training business people

• in the use of some of the tools of industrial engineering

• at his Work Simplification Conferences in Lake Placid, New York.

flow process chart

• Douglas Hartree explains that Herman Goldstine and John von Neumann

• developed the flow chart (originally, diagram) to plan computer programs.[

• 2] His contemporary account is endorsed by IBM engineers[3] and by Goldstine's personal recollections.[4]

TYPES

• [9] More recently Mark A. Fryman (2001) stated that there are more differences

• . Decision flowcharts• logic flowcharts• systems flowcharts• product flowcharts• and process flowcharts• are "just a few of the different types of

flowcharts that are used in business and government.[10]

scatter plot

• A scatter plot is a type of display using Cartesian coordinates to display values for two variables for a set of data.

• The data is displayed as a collection of points• each having the value of one variable

determining the position on the horizontal axis

• and the value of the other variable determining the position on the vertical axis

• [2] A scatter plot is also called a scatter chart, scatter diagram and scatter graph.