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1. Which of the following blood vessels carries blood with low oxygen content?A AortaB Pulmonary arteryC Pulmonary veinD Carotid artery
2. Haemophilia is a condition in which a patient’s bloodA fails to clotB clots inside the blood vesselsC produces too many antibodiesD is too little
3. Which of the following substances is not found in lymph?A LymphocytesB Fatty acidsC FibrinogenD Water
4. The type of immunity obtained by a baby from the mother’s milk is known asA artificial active immunityB artificial passive immunityC natural active immunityD natural passive immunity
5. The diagram shows a cross section of a dicotyledonous stem.
P
What is the part labelled P?A PhloemB XylemC CambiumD Cortex
6. Which of the graphs shows the relationship between rate of transpiration and relative humidity?A
Relative humidity
Rat
e of
trans
pira
tion
C
Relative humidity
Rat
e of
trans
pira
tion
B
Relative humidity
Rat
e of
trans
pira
tion
D
Relative humidity
Rat
e of
trans
pira
tion
Subjective Questions
Section A
1. Diagram 1 shows two types of leucocytes.
Cell X Cell Y
Diagram 1(a) Name cells X and Y. [2 marks](b) (i) Cell Y is involved in the second line of defence against pathogens. Name the process carried out by cell Y. [1 mark] (ii) Draw the process carried out by cell Y on a pathogen. [2 marks](c) Cell X is involved in the third line of defence. Explain briefly how cell X carries out its function. [3 marks](d) Diagrams 2(a) and 2(b) shows two types of immunity.
Time
Level ofimmunity
Firstinjection
Secondinjection
Amou
nt o
f ant
ibod
ies
Time
Level ofimmunity
Firstinjection
Secondinjection
Amou
nt o
f ant
ibod
ies
Diagram 2(a) Diagram 2(b)
(i) Identify the types of immunity in Diagrams 2(a) and 2(b). [2 marks] (ii) Give two differences between the immunity shown in Diagram 2(a) and Diagram 2(b). [2 marks]
2. Diagram 2 shows two types of tissues from a plant stem.
Pit
X
Perforatedend wall
Lignifiedwall
Thickeningof lignin
Lumen
Strand ofcytoplasm
Sieveplate
Sievetube
Y
Companioncell
Cytoplasm
Companioncell
Nucleus
Diagram 2
(a) Explain the structure of the tissues in relation to their functions in transporting substances in a plant. [14 marks](b) Transpiration is the loss of water in the form of water vapour from the surface of a plant. Describe how water is
transported from the root to the leaf of a plant. [6 marks]
Written Practical
1. Aminah observes that the plants in her garden wilt faster on a hot day than a cold day. Design an experiment which can be carried out in the laboratory to study the effect of temperature on the rate of transpiration.Your experiment planning should include the following aspects:• Aimofexperiment• Problemstatement• Statementofhypothesis• Variables• Listofapparatusandmaterials• Techniqueused• Experimentalprocedure• Collecteddata• Presentationofdata• Conclusion
4. The diagram shows problems of locomotion in a fish.
P
Q
R
Which of the following is true of P, Q and R?
P Q R
A Yaw Pitch Roll
B Yaw Roll Pitch
C Roll Yaw Pitch
D Pitch Roll Yaw
5. The problems associated with locomotion include I arthritisII osteoporosisIII muscular dystrophyIV rheumatoid arthritisA I and II onlyB II and III onlyC I,IIandIVonlyD I,IIIandIVonly
(a) Identify the bones X, Y and Z. [2 marks](b) Bone X and the scapula meet at a joint. (i) Name the tissues which joints two bones. [1 mark] (ii) Draw the joint formed by bone X and the scapula. Label your diagram. [3 marks]
(c) Biceps and triceps muscles work together to bend and straighten the upper limb. Explain how the upper limb is bent and straightened. [4 marks]
(d) A patient is suspected to be suffering from osteoporosis. (i) What is osteoporosis? [1 mark] (ii) Advice the patient on ways to delay the process of osteoporosis. [2 marks]
Section B
2. (a) Diagram 2 shows the mechanism of locomotion in a grasshopper.
Diagram 2
Describe briefly the mechanism of locomotion in a grasshopper. [5 marks](b) An earthworm is able to move even though it has no legs. Describe the mechanism of locomotion in an
earthworm. [10 marks](c) Human beings are able to move due to roles of the muscles, ligaments and tendons. Describe the roles of muscles, ligaments and tendons in causing movement. [5 marks]
4. Which of the following are corrective mechanisms when a person takes food rich in carbohydrates?I Conversion of glucose to glycogenII Respiration of glucose decreasesIII Conversion of glucose to lipidsIV Conversion of lipids to glycogenA I and III onlyB IIandIVonlyC I, II and III onlyD II,IIIandIVonly
5. The diagram shows a nephron.
R
P
Q
Which of the following is true of processes taking place in the parts labelled P, Q and R?
P Q R
A Reabsorption of salt Reabsorption of amino acids Reabsorption of water
B Reabsorption of water Reabsorption of glucose Reabsorption of salt
C Reabsorption of amino acids Reabsorption of salt Reabsorption of glucose
D Reabsorption of glucose Reabsorption of water Reabsorption of salt
6. An experiment was carried out to show the role of auxins in phototropism.
Initiallevel Aluminium
foil
Light
Which of the following observations is made after 2 days?A C
1. Diagram 1 shows a cross section of the spinal cord and the neurones associated with reflex action.
QP
X
YR
Diagram 1
(a) Name structures labelled X and Y. [2 marks](b) (i) What is neurone P? (ii) StatethefunctionofP. [2 marks](c) What is the relationship between P, Q and R? [2 marks](d) (i) What is a reflex action? [1 mark] (ii) Draw arrows to show the pathway of the nerve impulse during a reflex action. [2 marks](e) Statetwo differences between a reflex action and a voluntary action. [2 marks]
Section B
2. Diagram 2 shows a nephron.
Process RProcess P
Process Q
Reabsorptionof water
Reabsorptionof salts
Diagram 2
Explain how processes P, Q and R are involved in the formation of urine. [10 marks](b) A pupil gets soaked in the rain and runs into an air-conditioned room. Explain the mechanisms involved in regulating
and maintaining the pupil’s body temperature at 36.9°C. [10 marks]
3. Which of the following is formed after three months of pregnancy?A MorulaB EmbryoC BlastocystD Foetus
4. How do oral contraceptive pills work?A Preventing formation of folliclesB Killing spermsC Preventing implantation of embryoD Preventing the entry of sperms
5. Which of the following parts will develop into a seed after fertilisation in plants?A OvuleB OvaryC PetalD Integument
6. Which of the following graphs shows the growth curve of an annual plant?A
Time (days)
Dry
mas
s (g
)
C
Time (days)
Dry
mas
s (g
)
B
Time (days)
Dry
mas
s (g
)
D
Time (days)
Dry
mas
s (g
)
7. The diagram shows a cross section of a root of a dicotyledonous plant.
A
B
CD
Which of the labelled parts A, B, C or D is the primary xylem?
1. Diagram 1 shows the changes in the endometrium and the levels of hormones from the pituitary gland in a menstrual cycle.
14 21 2870Time (days)
Hormonesfrom ovary
Hormonesfrompituitarygland
Thickness ofendometrium
PQ
Diagram 1
(a) (i) StatehormonesP and Q. [2 marks] (ii) Explain the function of hormones P and Q. [2 marks](b) Draw the hormones secreted by the ovary. [2 marks](c) (i) Draw the condition of the follicle during day 12. [1 mark] (ii) Explain the process that takes place during day 14. [2 marks](d) If there is fertilisation, explain the changes in the ovarian hormones level and wall of the endometrium. [3 marks]
Section B
2. (a) Diagram 2.1 shows a process which takes place in the fallopian tube.
Sperm
Ovum
Diagram 2.1
Explain the development and changes that take place until a baby is ready to be born. [10 marks]
1. If T represents the allele for tallness and t represents the allele for dwarfness, then an individual who is heterozygous for tallness is represented byA TTB TtC ttD tT
2. A certain trait is controlled by a pair of alleles R and r. A cross occurred between a homozygous dominant individual with a heterozygous individual. What are the possible genotypes of the offsprings?A All RRB All Rr
C 1 —2
RR, 1 —2
Rr
D 1 RR, 2 Rr, 1rr
3. If a woman of blood group O marries a man who is heterozygous for blood group B, what is the possibility of their first child having blood group O?A 0
B 1 —4
C 1 —2
D 3 —4
4. A woman who is a carrier for colour-blindness marries a man who has normal eyesight. What are the possible genotypes of their sons?A All normal eyesightB All colour-blindC 50% normal eyesight: 50% colour-blindD 25% colour-blind: 75% normal eyesight
5. A girl has blood group B while her sister has blood group AB. What are the possible genotypes of their parents?A IAIB × IAIA
1. Red-green colour-blindness is a recessive sex-linked trait. In Ahmad’s family, his mother is a carrier of the trait. Diagram 1 shows the inheritance of colour-blindness in Ahmad’s family.
Ahmad Ali Faridah Fatimah
Key:
: Female, normal vision
: Male, normal vision
: Male, colour- blind
Diagram 1
(a) StatethegenotypeofAhmad’s father. [1 mark](b) What is meant by ‘a carrier’? [2 marks](c) (i) What is the genotype of Ali? [1 mark] (ii) Give a reason for your answer. [2 marks](d) Faridah and Fatimah have normal vision but they have different genotypes. Explain why. [3 marks](e) A female usually has normal vision but a male usually suffers from red-green colour-blindness. Explain why.
[3 marks]
Section B
2. In a pea plant, the allele for tall plant, T, is dominant while the allele for short plant, t, is recessive.(a) (i) Explain the terms ‘dominant allele’ and ‘recessive allele’. (ii) A cross was made between a homozygous for tallness pea plant and a heterozygous for tallness pea plant.
Using diagrams, explain the genotypes and phenotypes of the first filial generation. [10 marks](b) Haemophilia is a disease which affects more males than females. It is a recessive sex-linked trait and is inherited
through the X chromosome. A man who is normal marries a female who is a carrier for this disease. Explain the possible phenotypes and genotypes of their offsprings with the aid of a diagram. [10 marks]
1. The diagram shows the results a student obtained after investigating variation in humans.
Num
ber o
f stu
dent
s
Characteristic P
What is characteristic P?A Type of earlobesB ThumbprintC Eye colourD Blood group
2. Which of the following is an example of continuous variation?A Tongue rollingB IntelligenceC Rhesus factorD Fingerprints
3. Two siblings have different types of earlobes. What is the cause of this difference?A Environmental factorsB Hormonal factorsC Genetic factorsD Malnutrition
4. The diagram shows a type of chromosomal mutation.
A
B
C
E
F
A
B
C
F
E
What is this type of mutation?A DuplicationB DeletionC TranslocationD Inversion
5. Which of the following conditions are due to gene mutation?I Down’s syndromeII AlbinismIII Turner’s syndromeIV HaemophiliaA I and III onlyB IIandIVonlyC I, II and III onlyD II,IIIandIVonly
6. Which of the following does not contribute to variation?A MeiosisB MitosisC Random fertilisationD Mutation
Subjective Questions
Section A
1. Diagram 1 shows the karyotype of a human with genetic disorder.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 X Y
Diagram 1(a) (i) Statethe genetic disorder. [1 mark] (ii) Give a reason for your answer. [1 mark] (iii) Give two characteristics of a patient with this disorder. [2 marks](b) (i) What is the sex of this person? [1 mark] (ii) Give reason for your answer. [1 mark](c) Explain how this genetic disorder comes about. [3 marks](d) List two ways in which you can show respect to a patient with genetic disorder. [2 marks]
2. Diagram 2 shows variations in two types of ear lobes.
Diagram 2
(a) (i) What is variation? (ii) Explain the type of variation shown. [8 marks](b) Explain the genetic factors that cause variation in humans. [12 marks]