qarTuli ena da literatura gamomcemloba `meridiani~ Tbilisi 2012 maswavleblis wigni naTela maRlakeliZe, nino jaSi, nino Todua grifi mieniWa 2012 wels saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis saministros ssip _ ganaTlebis xarisxis ganviTarebis erovnuli centris mier
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qarTuli ena daliteratura
gamomcemloba `meridiani~
Tbilisi 2012
maswavleblis wigni
8
naTela maRlakeliZe, nino jaSi, nino Todua
grifi mieniWa 2012 wels saqarTvelos ganaTlebisa da
saswavlo kompleqsi Sedgeba ori komponentisagan:a) moswavlis wigni, b) maswavleblis wigni.
`moswavlis wigni _ qarTuli ena da literatura, VIII klasi~ Sedgenilia ganaxlebuli erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT da cdilobs, daicvas is moTxovnebi, romlebic gaTva-liswinebulia qarTuli enisa da literaturis sag nobrivi standartis mixedviT. sakiTxavi masalis ZiriTad nawils warmoadgens erovnuli saswavlo gegmis mixedviT gaTvaliswinebu-li savaldebuli literatura:
1. gr. orbeliani, `he, mamulo~; 2. g. tabiZe, `wamye beTaniisaken~; 3. o. WilaZe, `rodesac ase axloa gremi~; 4. a. sulakauri, `ar vici amas ra hqvia~; 5. s. Ciqovani, `Tbilisis Tovli~; 6. g. tabiZe, `mamuli~; 7. i. WavWavaZe, `eri da istoria~; 8. i. WavWavaZe, `aCrdili~ me-7 Tavi;9. a. wereTeli, `xatis win~; 10. i. WavWavaZe, `aCrdili~, me-8 Tavi;11. a. wereTeli, `baSi-aCuki~; 12. i. WavWavaZe, `qarTvlis dedas~; 13. i. WavWavaZe, `aCrdili~, 26-e Tavi;14. SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~: `TaTbiri nuradin fridonisa~;15. `TaTbiri avTandilisa~;16. `TaTbiri tarielisa~; 17. i. WavWavaZe, `Cemo kalamo~; 18. vaJa-fSavela, `niWieri mwerali~; 19. vaJa-fSavela, `Cemi vedreba~; 20. vaJa-fSavela, `ena~; 21. t. tabiZe, `ria-ria~; 22. a. kalandaZe, `ra var? stviri var~;23. g. tabiZe, `mzeo TibaTvisa~; 24. k. gamsaxurdia, `didi iosebi~;25. W. amirejibi, `mose zamTaraZis naambobi~, 26. r. inaniSvili, `patara biWi golgoTaze~; 27. n. baraTaSvili, `fiqrni mtkvris piras~; 28. sulxan-saba orbeliani, `unaRvloTa mZebneli~;29. vaJa-fSavela, `ias uTxariT turfasa~; 30. d. kldiaSvili, `darispanis gasaWiri~; 31. d. guramiSvili, `ismine, swavlis mZebnelo~;32. i. WavWavaZe, `Sinauri mimoxilva~; 33. n. baraTaSvili, `cisa fers~, 34. n. baraTaSvili, `ar ukiJino, satrfoo~;35. vaJa-fSavela, `samefo simRera~;36. l. asaTiani, `sparsel asuls~; 37. T. WilaZe, `yinwvisi~;38. g. tabiZe, `gagondeba Tu ara~;39. g. tabiZe, `rac ufro Sors xar~.
4
sakiTxavi masalis nawili SerCeulia Cven mier. es aris:
1. r. inaniSvili, `samgori~; 2. g. rCeuliSvili, `usaxelo ufliscixeli~; 3. m. lebaniZe, `ufliscixesTan~; 4. h. hese, `poeti~; 5. C. dikensi, `wuTisofeli~; 6. saadi, `aRzrdisaTvis~; 7. nizami ganjeli (lamaz qristian qalze vloculob); 8. o’ henri, `siyvarulis msaxureba~; 9. l. goTua, `yinwvisis angelozi~; 10. g. tabiZisa da olRa okujavas piradi werilebi.
teqstebi dalagebulia Tematur-budobrivi principis mixedviT. es budeebia: I Tema: `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli!..~ II Tema: eri da istoria III Tema: `sad aris gmiri?~ IV Tema: Cveni `vefxistyaosani~ V Tema: `Cemo kalamo~ VI Tema: `xani undobari~ VII Tema: `wuTisofeli asea~ VIII Tema: `swavla sinaTlea~ IX Tema: `siyvarulis dResaswauli~
ti da sxv.) sargebloba;• miznobrivi amocanis Sesatyvisi stiliT wera da metyveleba;• orTografiuli da punqtuaciuri normebis saTanadod gamoyeneba weris procesSi.
1. saswavlo kursis Sinaarsi (Temebisa da sakiTxebis CamonaTvali maTi damuSavebi-saTvis gankuTvnili savaraudo saaTebis miTiTebiT):
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I Tema: `saqarTvelo iyo maTi saocnebo saxeli!..~ (16 sT)
1. teqsti: gr. orbeliani, `he, mamulo~; ena _ zogadi cnobebi enis Sesaxeb: qarTuli saliteraturo enis dasabami da ganviTa-
rizmebi; gramatika da punqtuacia: winadadebis tipebi modalobis mixedviT, kiTxviTi winada-
deba da misi saxeebi, brZanebiTi winadadeba da misi saxeebi, warTqmiTi da ukuTqmiTi for-mebi; Zaxilis winadadeba da misi saxeebi; winadadebis wevrebi, winadadebis mTavari wevri _ Semasmeneli, misi saxeebi;
literaturis Teoria: fabula, siuJeti. 12 sT.
16. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, `qarTvlis dedas~; ena _ gramatika: winadadebis Sedgeniloba wevrTa mixedviT, winadadebis mTava-
ri wevrebi: qvemdebare, qvemdebare-Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis SemTxvevebi. 2 sT.
17. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, `aCrdili~, 26-e Tavi. 2 sT.
18. Sejameba _ 1 sT.
IV Tema: `Cveni vefxistyaosani~ (8 sT)
1. teqsti: SoTa rusTaveli, `vefxistyaosani~: `TaTbiri nuradin fridonisa~ + 1 sT.2. `TaTbiri avTandilisa~ + 2 sT.3. `TaTbiri tarielisa~; ena _ leqsikuri da gramatikuli arqaizmebi + 4sT.4. Sejameba _ 1 sT.
V Tema: `Cemo kalamo~ ( 17 sT)
1. teqsti: i. WavWavaZe, `Cemo kalamo~; ena _ gramatika: winadadebis mTavari wevrebi, qvemdebare. 2 sT.
2. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `niWieri mwerali~;
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ena _ gramatika: qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanxmeba, funqcionaluri sti-lis sakiTxebi, publicistika, publicisturi teqstis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi. 3 sT.
3. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `Cemi vedreba~; ena _ gramatika: qvemdebare da Semasmeneli, maTTan dakavSirebuli marTlweris sa-
kiTxebi. 2 sT.
4. teqsti: vaJa-fSavela, `ena~; ena _leqsikologia: dialeqtizmebi, saliteraturo ena da dialeqtebi;gramatika: winadadebis mTavari wevrebi, qvemdebarisa da Semasmenlis ricxvSi SeTanx-
cialur-saqmiani da mxatvruli, maTi maxasiaTeblebi (zogadad). 3 sT.
teqsti: g. tabiZe, `gagondeba Tu ara~. 1 sT.
teqstebi: g. tabiZisa da olRa okujavas piradi werilebi;ena _ funqcionaluri stilis sakiTxebi: epistolaruli Janri, saqmis qaRaldebi, misi
saerTo maxasiaTeblebi. 1 sT.
teqsti: g. tabiZe, `rac ufro Sors xar~. 1 sT.Sejameba _ 1 sT. 3) wlis bolos misaRwevi Sedegebi _ am kursis mosmenis Semdeg moswavles unda SeeZlos:
a) informaciis gageba, analizi da Sefaseba: • sxvadasxva saxis (mxatvruli da aramxatvruli) zepiri teqstebis analizi tona-
lobis, enobriv-gramatikuli struqturisa da efeqturobis TvalsazrisiT; • adekvaturad, gamarTulad da damarwmuneblad metyveleba;• wakiTxuli teqstis konstruireba (enobrivi analizi da sinTezi); • teqstebis saxeebis amocnoba da ganmarteba maT struqturul-gramatikul Tu sti-
listur Taviseburebebze dayrdnobiT; • teqstebSi mocemuli gramatikuli konstruqciebis gamoyofa da maTi saTanado
ba hqondaT, rom qarTvelebze ebatonaT, am or xalxs Soris dava da Cxubi gaCnda~. ajanyebi-saTvis safuZveli mzad iyo. misi mizezi ki udanaSaulo mRvdlis Tavs datrialebuli ube-dureba gaxda. istorikos beri egnataSvilis gadmocemiT: `...xolo warvida xucesi igi da mivida duSeTs. zogad isxden zaal erisTavi da coli misi, dauCoqa xucesman da SesCivla: `Sen zaal erisTavi xaro da kaxeTis gamgebelio, gaaoxres sruliad kaxeTi usjuloTa aga-rianTa da me gzazed Semipyres da xelSekruli ganmxrwnes da hyves Cem zeda saqme saTqme-lad uSveri. da aw amisi magieri pasuxi RmerTs Sen miec da Sen unda gasce, vinaTgan Senda rwmunebul aris kaxeTi~ (beri egnataSvili).
ajanyebis saerTo xelmZRvaneloba zaal aragvis erisTavma iTava. brZolaSi aSkara monawileoba mas ar miuRia. ajanyebis uSualo xelmZRvanelebi iyvnen biZina ColoyaSvili, Salva qsnis erisTavi da misi Zma biZina, zaal erisTavis vaJi zurabi, TuSi zezva gafrin-dauli, xevsuri nodara xoSarauli da sxvebi.
aragvis laSqars zaal erisTavis vaJi zurabi sardlobda. qsnis erisTavis laSqars Salva da elizbari meTaurobdnen. aragvisa da qsnis saerisTaoebis mebrZolebi baxtrio-nis sanaxebSi dabanakdnen. TuS-fSav-xevsurTa laSqari da kaxeTis baris laSqari alaverds miuaxlovdnen. ajanyebulebma baxtrionisa da alaverdis cixeebs erTdroulad Seuties. qarTvelebma mters musri gaavles. Semdeg ki maT kaxeTis sxva adgilebSi mcxovreb Turqma-nebze miitanes ieriSi. mravali maTgani daxoces. elebis mxolod mcire nawili gadarCa cocxali. maT gaqceviT uSveles Tavs.
`_ imereli unda gaxlavdeT vinme! gaCeCil Tmaze fafanaki edeba da ar etyoba._ imereli?! imerels aqeT ra unda?”_ ra ukvirs zaals? rogor fiqrobT, raze migvaniSnebs es fraza? (teqstSi aRweri-
lia feodaluri daqsaqsulobisa da gaTiSulobis xana, imereTs calke samefo aqvs, amitom imerlis gamoCena aRmosavleT saqarTvelos am kuTxeSi, romelic formalurad qarTlis mefes emorCileba, marTlac saocaria).
4. dialogi axalmosulTan: `Cemi gansacdeli raRa saxsenebelia, Seni Wirime, maSin rodesac mTeli saqristiano gansacdelSia Cavardnili?!~ _ raze migvaniSnebs am fraziT mwerali? ras gulisxmobs `saqristianos gansacdelSi~? (gaavleT paraleli istoriul si-nadvilesTan).
1. moulodneli ajanyeba;2. kaxeTi ajanyebis Semdeg;3. Sahis werili;4. darbazoba vaxtangis karze;5. saerTo gadawyvetileba.wakiTxulis gaazrebisaTvis daismis Semdegi kiTxvebi:_ rogoria Sah-abasis politika gamarjvebulebis mimarT? ra xerxs mimarTa man?_ rogor fiqrobT, riT aris ganpirobebuli Sahnavazis ormagi politika dampyrobis
mimarT? daaxasiaTeT mefe vaxtangi am epizodebis mixedviT._ ra saSiSroebis winaSe dadga qarTli kaxelebis am ajanayebis Semdeg? _ ra poziciaze dganan didebulebi?_ rogor asabuTebs Tavis mosazrebas zaal erisTavi? ramdenad misaRebad migaCniaT
misi es mosazreba? am personaJis ra Tvisebebi ikveTeba am monakveTSi?_ gansakuTrebiT romeli gmiri iqcevs mkiTxvelis yuradRebas?_ ra mxatvrul xerxs mimarTavs mwerali elizbar erisTavis naazrevis gadmosacemad?
ra STabeWdilebas axdens es gmiri amiT darbazze?_ piradad Tqvenze ra STabeWdileba moaxdina am epizodma? ramdenad damajereblad
SeZlo mweralma gadmoeca gmirebis ganwyoba da suliskveTeba?..
aqtivoba 6. Sefaseba.
aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba: a) teqstis Sinaarsis gadmosacemad Seadginon momdevno Tavebis gegma; b) aagon weriTi Txzuleba `kaxeTis mxsnelebi~; g) teqstSi mocemulia ori gvaris istoria, survilis SemTxvevaSi moswavleebma Tavadac moiZion masala sakuTari gvaris Sesaxeb.
_ ra masala aiRo mweralma istoriidan ucvlelad? (Tavad istoriuli faqti _ kaxe-Tis ajanyeba, Camosaxlebuli ulusebis gaJleta, Semoiyvana istoriuli pirebi, istori-idan aris cnobili misi organizatorebis tragikuli xvedric...).
_ romeli istoriuli faqtia nawilobriv Secvlili? (zaal aragvis erisTavi faqto-brivad ajanyebis sulisCamdgmeli da xelmZRvaneli iyo, aq ki mwerali mas ajanyebis erT-erT monawiled warmogvidgens mxolod; aseve _ istoriidan cnobilia, rom kaxeTis am ajanyebaSi mTavari gmirebi ubralo adamianebi iyvnen, xalxurma sityvierebam maTi saxe-lebic Semogvinaxa, magram teqstSi mwerali dums maT Sesaxeb/cvlis am saxalxo gmirebis saxelebs...).
_ mwerlis ra mxatvruli gamonagoni daemata amas? (Semoiyvana literaturuli perso-naJebi _ baSi-aCuki, misi debi, abduSahili, melano, wereTlis asuli... amas daemata samijnu-ro epizodebi, qarTveli qalis sarwmunoebis da mamulisaTvis Tavganwirvis magaliTebi...).
_ rogor fiqrobT, rogor epyroba mwerali istoriul masalas? (nawilobriv cvlis mas, magram ise, rom ar amaxinjebs mTavar faqts).
_ ratom akeTebs amas? (mkiTxvelTa farTo wrisaTvis saintereso rom iyos aq gadmo-cemuli ambavi, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, es iqneboda istoriuli qronika da ara mxatvruli nawarmoebi).
aqve vaZlevT fabulisa da siuJetis ganmartebebs._ modiT, gavmijnoT erTmaneTisagan istoriuli sinamdvile da mxatvruli gamonagoni
`Cven, inteligentebma, ena ar viciT da veZalebiT SeTxzvas, maSin, rodesac is wminda qarTuli sityvebi xalxSi darCenila da Cven ki ar viciT~.
`me mgonia, cxadi iyos yvelasTvis, rom saqarTvelos erTianobis dros enac erTi
gvqonia, Rrmad SemuSavebuli da wesieradac dakanonebuli... samefos gayofisa da da-calkevebis Semdeg enasac xrwnileba Separvia, adgilobrivi kilo miuRia da ise Selaxula, rom dRes is kanonieri ena aRarsad ismis~.
`samwerlo da sadarbaislo qarTuli imaT (megrelebma) Cvenze naklebad ar ician. me-gruli dRes salaroa namdvili qarTuli sityvebisa. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos dahkargvia namdvili qarTuli sityvebi, maT nacvlad somxur-sparsul-TaTruli SemouRia, romelic qarTulis yurs cudad eCxireba da gulsa swyins... da megrul enaSi ki Senaxulan obol margalitebad is Zveli sityvebi. Cven vurCevT Cvens mwerleb-mwignobrebs meti yuradRe-ba miaqcion megruls, rom iqidan amokrebil sityvebiT Seavson maTi Selaxuli qarTuli leqsikoni. es rom asea, yvelam viciT~.
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aqtivoba 2. jgufuri muSaoba: SeiZleba mwerlis enaze dakvirvebis mizniT mivmar-ToT jgufur muSaobas: klasi iyofa ramdenime jgufad. pirvel jgufs vavalebT moiZion teqstis me-5 TavSi aforizmebi, II jgufs _ andazebi, III jgufs _ dialeqtizmebisa da barba-rizmebis nimuSebi, IV jgufs _ saliteraturo enis normidan gadaxvevis faqtebi, V jgufs _ idiomaturi gamoTqmebi saTanado SesatyvisebiT (Cven amjerad arCevani am Tavze imis gamo SevaCereT, rom igi sakmaod mdidaria amgvari formebiT, maswavlebels SeuZlia misi Secvla).
aqtivoba 3. strategia `xuTstriqoniani leqsi~. am mizniT aseve saintereso SeiZleba aRmoCndes (mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs literaturuli masalis integrireba enobrivTan) e. w. `xuTstriqoniani leqsi~.
e) gadasinjva da redaqtireba _ es aris naSromSi SemCneuli Secdomebis aRmoCena da Casworeba. am dros mewyvileebma SeiZleba erTmaneTSi gacvalon naSromebi, waikiTxon da SemCneul Secdomebze miuTiTon erTmaneTs;
saxeb arsebuli mTeli masala SeiZleba oTx nawilad dajgufdes: 1) Tavad poemis teqsti (prologi da epilogi); 2) palestinis jvris monastris warwera da iqve gamosaxuli freska; 3) zepiri tradicia _ xalxis mier Taobidan TaobisTvis gadmocemuli sxvadasxva masalad; 4) XVI- XVII ss-is qarTuli mwerloba.
poemaSi naxsenebi informacia avtoris Sesaxeb maswavleblisTvis Cvengan dakonkre-tebas ar saWiroebs; rac Seexeba palestinis jvris monasterSi gamosaxul freskasa da saTanado warweras, moswavleTa erTi nawilisaTvis igi ukve cnobilia wina klasebidan. am freskis Sesaxeb pirvel cnobas gvawvdis XVIII s-is saeklesio moRvawe da mogzauri ti-moTe gabaSvili: `jvris monasteri daZvelebula da gumbaTis qveda sveti gauaxlebia da dauxatvinebia mTqmelsa leqsTa borotTa, romelmac aswavla qarTvelTa siwmidnis wil bilweba da garyvna qristianoba... SoTas vityvi rusTvelsa meWurWleTuxucess, TiTonac Sig xatia moxucebuli~ (t. gabaSvili, `mimosvla~, 1956, gv. 80). 1845 w-s aq imogzaura peter-burgis universitetis profesorma d. CubinaSvilma, romelmac naxa es portreti; am por-tretis aq arseboba daadastura al. cagarelmac 1883 w-s, magram 1902 w-s niko mars aq igi aRar daxvedria. igi Savi saRebaviT daufaravT eklesiis imdroindel mesveurT, romel-Tac iq qarTuli kvalis waSla surdaT. 1960 wlis cnobil eqspedicias, romlis Semadgen-lobaSic akaki SaniZe, giorgi wereTeli da irakli abaSiZe imyofebodnen, didi Zalisxmeva dasWirda am portretisa da warweris aRsadgenad. mkvlevarTa azriT, freskaze gamoxatu-lia didgvarovani maRali Tanamdebobis piri. igi gamosaxaulia cnobil filosofosTa _
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ioane damaskelsa da maqsime aRmasarebels _ win muxlmodrekili: `amis damxatavsa SoTa (s) Seundves RmerTman amin~. suraTs qvemoT aqvs warwera: `rusTveli~. rogorc cnobilia, es freska bolo wlebSi ramdenjerme kidev daazianes.
amis gamo TiTqos SeiZleba sarwmunod miviCnioT xalxuri gadmocema, rom sicocxlis bolo wlebi SoTa rusTavels ierusalimis jvris monasterSi gautarebia. am cnobas mxars uWers monastris saaRape wignis aRwerilobac, romelSiac moxseniebulia SoTa meWurWleT-uxucesi. freskaze gamosaxuli piri da saaRape wignSi naxsenebi SoTa meWurWleTuxucesi erTi da igive piri unda iyos (el. metreveli, SeniSvnebi SoTa meWurWleTuxucesis aRapisa da SoTa rusTavelis freskis irgvliv, saq. ssr mecn. akad. moambe, 1961, #3).
rac Seexeba zepir gadmocemas rusTavelis Sesaxeb, aq wina planzea wamoweuli misi ui-medo trfoba Tamar mefis mimarT, ris gamoc igi saqarTvelodan ierusalimSi gadaxvewila da iq berad aRkvecila. am gadmocemis mixedviT, mas ganaTleba jer saqarTveloSi _ iyal-Tos akademiaSi _ miuRia, Semdeg saberZneTSi dausrulebia (an piriqiT _ jer saberZneTSi da Semdeg _ saqarTveloSi). igi didad dawinaurebula samefo karze da maRali Tanamde-bobisTvisac miuRwevia. mainc romeli rusTavis mkvidri iyo igi? am kiTxvaze ar arsebobs zusti pasuxi. mkvlevarTa nawili mas mesxeTis mkvidrad miiCnevs, am mosazrebas TiTqos ganamtkicebs qvabisxevis monasterSi arsebuli XII s-is freska axalgazrda Wabukis gamo-saxulebiT da warweriT `SoTa~.
ra Tqma unda, zepirgadmocema mniSvnelovani wyaroa, magram mecnierebisaTvis mTava-ri dokumenturi masalaa da amitom yvelaferi es varaudia da ara dadasturebuli faqti. rogorc specialistebi fiqroben, jerjerobiT utyuaria mxolod is, rom poemis avtori SoTa rusTavelia da is Tamaris epoqaSi cxovrobda, man poema mefe qals miuZRvna, rusTave-li zewodebaa da aRniSnavs sadaurobas an garkveuli adgilis mflobelobas; viciT, rom misi saxeli ukavSirdeba palestinis jvris monasters. poemis Semdeg yvelaze sarwmuno wyarod palestinis masala miiCneva. sxva yvelaferi varaudia da momavali kvlevis sagans warmoad-gens (m. TaboriZe, vefxistyaosnis lituraturul-esTetikuri analizi skolaSi, Tb., 2001, gv. 94).
aqtivoba 3. teqstze muSaoba (12-15 wT): `vefxistyosnis~ teqstze muSaobis yvelaze aprobirebuli meTodi gaxlavT komentirebuli kiTxva (g. nioraZe, m. TaboriZe, n. ruxa-Ze...), kerZod, klasSi wakiTxuli teqstis komentireba maswavleblis mier. teqsti ikiTxeba jer mTlianad, Semdeg ki nawil-nawil, ra drosac did adgils ikavebs axali leqsiku-ri erTeulebis axsna, TiToeuli taepis gaSinaarseba da Semdeg wakiTxulis gamTlianeba. aqve vakvirvebT moswavleebs mxatvrul saxeebze, raTa mivaRwioT literaturis swavlebis ZiriTad mizans: nawarmoebis aRqmas Sinaarsisa da formis erTianobis dacviT, teqstis literaturul-esTetikur analizs. es ki sakmaod rTulia am asakis moswavleebTan iseT teqstze muSaobisas, rogoric `vefxistyaosania~.
maswavleblis daxmarebiT moswavleTa mier gaSinaarsebuli teqsti daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
1. fridonma Tqva: Cems azrs getyviT, romelic mcdari ar unda iyos. Cven cotani varT, qalaqs ki mxolod didi jari Tu aiRebs. pirispir ver movereviT, axla kvexnis dro ar aris, aTas wels ver SevalT iq, kari Tu dagviketes.
2. bavSvobaSi Cemma gamzrdelebma jambazis xelobac maswavles. vici Tokze gasvlac. ise gavdiodi Tokze, rom Tvals veravin maswrebda. bavSvebi roca miyurebnden, me Semomna-trodnen.
aqtivoba 7. saSinao davaleba (2-3 wT): a) werilobiT daaxasiaTon Seswavlili monakveTis mixedviT fridoni, saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi CaurTon citatebi; b) amoweron teqstidan gra-matikuli arqaizmebis nimuSebi da miuweron Sesatyvisebi Tanamedrove formiT.
III-IV gakveTili
aqtivoba 1. saSinao weriTi namuSevrebis Semowmeba da analizi.
aqtivoba 2. teqstis momdevno epizodis komentirebuli kiTxva.epizodi jer mTlianad ikiTxeba Tavidan bolomde, Semdeg ki _ nawil-nawil maswavle-
blis komentirebiT, aixsneba gaugebari leqsikuri erTeulebi, gaaSinaarseben jer TiTo-eul taeps, Semdeg ki _ TiToeul strofs. teqsti daaxloebiT aseT saxes miiRebs:
1. avTandilma uTxra: megobrebi ver dagemdurebian, mag rCevas ver dagiwuneben, Sen Seni lomisebri mklavis imedi gaqvs, amitomac warmoadgine brZolis aseTi gegma; magram nuTu ar gesmis, ra axlo-axlo dganan guSagebi, rogor ismis maTi Zaxili?
2. Tokze rom gaxval, guSagni abjris Cxarunis xmas gaigoneben, daginaxaven da Toksac
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gadagiWrian, amaod dagrCeba Seni qadili. ar varga eg azri, sxvanairad vuSveloT Tavs!3. magas is ajobebs, rom Tqven mofarebul adgilas dadgeT, daimaloT. qajebi cixisken
mimaval mgzavrebs ar iWeren; amitom me vaWariviT gamovewyobi, erT jors gadavkideb Cems muzarads, jaWvsa da xmals da ise Seval qalaqSi.
4. migvixvdebian ganzraxvas, samive erTad rom SevideT. me Seval vaWariviT gadacmu-li, iq malulad Cavicvam abjars, movatyueb, mere ki SigniT sisxlis Rvars davayeneb.
5. me cixis mcvelebs amovxocav, Tqven ki gareT damelodeT. kliteebs davlewav, Cems Zalas qviTkiric ki ver gauZlebs. Tu Tqven sxva azri gaqvT, brZaneT.
aqtivoba 3. wakiTxulis gaazreba: _ rogor afasebs avTandili fridonis gegmas? ra miaCnia mis naklad? (ar moswons:
aqtivoba 4. teqstis _ `TaTbiri tarielisa~ _komentirebuli kiTxva: teqsti moswavleTa mier daaxloebiT amgvarad gaSinaarsdeba:1. tarielma uTxra: davinaxe Tqveni gmiroba da Tavdadeba; vici, omi gwadiaT da ara
xmlis tyuilubralod qneva. TqvenisTanebis yola kacs swored gaWirvebaSi gamo-adgeba.
2. magram CemTvis Znelia Tqveni rCevis Sesruleba. Cemma mijnurma rom dainaxos cixi-dan, Tqven ficxel omSi xarT, me ki ar vibrZvi, Zalian Sevrcxvebi. nu ecdebiT Cems darwmunebas, rom mis TvalSi Cemi saxeli ar Seilaxeba.
3. Cemi azri aseTia: gavinawiloT as-asi kaci da ganTiadisas cixes sami mxridan Sevu-tioT. mteri mogvegegeba. dainaxavs, cotani rom varT, magram xmals mivceT Zala.
8. yvela Zalian lamazi da vaJkacuri Sesaxedavi iyo, mzes aRematebodnen si-lamaziT; sam rainds qveynis Svidi mnaTobi hfaravda. Sav cxenze amxedrebu-li tarieli ki mainc gamoirCeoda maT Soris Tavisi tanadobiTa da silamaziT.
9. erTgvari lirikuli gadaxveva _ Cemi naTqvami sworedac rom maTi Sesaferisia: caSi wvims da quxs, modis Rvari dedamiwaze zaTqiTa da xmauriT, magram roca zR-vas SeerTvis, wynardeba.
10. Tumca fridoni da avTandili kargi vaJkacebi iyvnen, tariels mainc ver Seedre-bodnen. rogorc mze aRemateba yvela mnaTobs, ise aRemateboda tarieli sxvebs gmirobiT.
11. samma gmirma cixis sam karebs miaSura _ TiTom TiTo karebi airCia. Tan samasi kaci axldaT, yvela saukeTeso mebrZoli. im RamiT maT cixis garemo dazveres, saaSka-raoze ar gamosulan, gaTenebas elodebodnen.
moswavleebi xsnian, Tu rogor mixvdnen am brunvis formas (viyenebT Casmis / Canacvle-bis xerxs: Taniani mr-is nacvlad vsvamT _ eb-iani mravlobiTis formas _ gzebis _ da vxvde-biT rom naTesaobiT brunvaSia).
siaTeba gmiris rukis mixedviT (romel gmirs ra Tviseba axasiaTebs da argumenti amis Se-saxeb teqstidan moiyvanon).
aqtivoba 7. Sefaseba.
Sedegebi: VII. 2. moswavles SeuZlia sxvaTa metyvelebis mosmena da Sefaseba sakomunikacio amo-
canis gaTvaliswinebiT. VII. 3. moswavles SeuZlia sametyvelo qcevis Secvla sakomunikacio amocanisa da au-
ditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT. VII. 4. moswavles SeuZlia saklaso diskusiebSi monawileobis miReba.VII. 7. moswavles SeuZlia sxvadasxva saxis mxatvruli da aramxatvruli teqstebis
gaazreba-gaanalizeba, maT mimarT sakuTari damokidebulebis gamoxatva da axsna. VII. 9. moswavles SeuZlia teqstis gaanalizeba struqturuli da enobrivi maxasia-
Teblebis mixedviT. VII. 12. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis formisa da stilis SerCeva miznisa da
auditoriis gaTvaliswinebiT. VII. 13. moswavles SeuZlia werilobiTi teqstis organizaciis wesebisa da enobrivi
normebis dacva.
qvemoT maswavlebels vTavazobT damatebiT informacias, romelic mas SeuZlia ga-moiyenos ama Tu im saswavlo masalis damuSavebisas:
rusTavelis Semdeg aseTi misia daviT guramiSvils daekisra, daviTis Semdeg akakim, vaJam da iliam ikisres es titanuri tvirTi da rodesac meoce saukunis ocian wlebSi am mZime uRelSi galaktion tabiZe Seeba, es sazidi ukve ise iyo damZimebuli erovnuli da msoflio literaturuli saganZuriT, rom galaktions misi tareba uRlis erTguli laba xariviT daCoqils mouxda: diax, daCoqils, oflad daRvrilsa da TvalebSi cremlCamdgars mouxda am mZime Wapanis gaweva. mxolod am kuTxiT da TvalsazrisiT unda SeviswavloT galaktioni.
sad unda vsdioT qars, romelic ise usaSvelod daqris galaktionis SemoqmedebaSi?! ise usaSvelod, rom wigni Tavad ifurcleba da rom qarma da grigalma ar gamogtacos xe-lidan, igi mkerdze unda gqondes mikruli magrad, viT xati da Zvirfasi avgarozi.
galaktionis Semoqmedeba erTi misi pawia leqsis `ai, ra mzis sizmarias~ msgavsad waRma-ukuRma ikiTxeba, swored ki arasdros, an iSviaTad; es albaT imiT aris gamowveuli, rom galaktioni yvelas Tavisad miaCnia da mas yvela Taviseburad kiTxulobs, maT Soris mec, raRa Tqma unda. amitom aris galaktioni saxalxo mgosani.
albaT amis gamo qarTul poeziaSi aravis ar moswrebia imdeni epigoni, ramdenic ga-laktions: albaT, amis gamo ar moswrebia qarTul poeziaSi imdeni mojibre da mtkavelis damzomeli, ramdenic galaktions. rigSi idgnen da dganan dResac mTeli Taobebi da azo-meben sakuTar patara mtkavels mis dedamiwis guliviT gadaSlil usaSvelod did da Tbil xelisguls. is ki dgas, dalocvili, Rimilian TvalebSi eSmakuri elva uTamaSebs da gaqe-zebs: ki, Zamiko, Senma ajobao.…
siyvaruli Tavad aris RmerTi da Tu siyvaruli CvenTan ars, CvenTan ars RmerTi, mivxvdebiT, rom galaktioni aris geni rusTavelisa, meoce saukuneSi gaRviZebuli da mzemde aRzevebuli.
(n. dumbaZe, rCeuli nawerebi, t. IV, Tb., 1992 w.)
SeuZlebelia Cveni Taobis adamianma gulgrilad waikiTxos es moTxroba, ar ecnau-ros is Wabukuri Jini, romelmac misi gmiri alaverdis taZris gumbaTze aitaca da is sulis siRrmemde SemZvreli grZnobac axal sivrceebTan Sexvedrisa, romelic mas am si-maRleze daepatrona. ai, am moTxrobis ukanaskneli striqonebi: „man ar icis kaxeTi, visac civgomboris qedze Semdgars ar daunaxavs alaznis Walidan amovardnili alaverdi, mas ar ganucdia dauokebeli kaxuri vnebis simZafre, visac alaverdis Tavze Tavisi fexiT avardnils, gumbaTidan ar daunaxavs erTmaneTze miyrili da usasrulobamde gaSlili soflebi, savse da didebuli, Cafluli gauTavebeli vazis xeivnebSi. mTels am uzarmazar velze ar aris arc erTi goji, ar aris arc erTi wertili, sadac adamians warsulidan dRemde ar Seeqmnas Tavisi SromiT materialurad Tu sulierad Zlieri da Rirseuli ram, tyispiras gagonil dauwerel, erTad movardnil simfoniasaviT iRvreba Tvalwin Zveli cixeebi, eklesiebi, burjebi da am epoqaSi naSeni xidebi, swori ugegmianesi alvnebiT. am gegmianobidan sinaTlesaviT modis SeuCerebliv raRac axali, sicocxlisunariani. misi egzotikisaTvis ucnobi Zala ipyrobs gumbaTis Tavze mdgomis sxeuls, axali, Seucnoblad kanonzomieri, SeerTebuli grandiozul usityvo SromasTan. is fiqrobs: saidan modis es sicocxlisunarianoba, da pasuxobs: is TviTon CemSia, is TviTon xalxSia. magram aq zo-
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gierTi dabneula da veRar grZnoben Semoqmedis namdvil siamovnebas, siamovnebas Sromisa, radgan vnebis simZafre SenebaSia da ara aSenebuliT tkbobaSi.
mis fexqveS dgas alaverdi, sxvisi grandiozuli vnebisagan Seqmnili, TviTon ki… gumbaTis Tavze SerCenils eRimeba, ise uazrobad eCveneba aq dgoma. qveviT ixedeba da Ri-mili sicilad iqceva _ dabla ukve daSlila xalxi da is sul martoa aq, am saSiS adgilas. alvnebSi mwyobrad inTeba sinaTleebi da Camosuls mxolod cxenis migdebuli, uaRviro leSi agonebs Tavis unebur, uazro, gaumiznav, unayofo survils.
sinaTleebi ki sul matulobs da saocari harmoniiT ereva alaznis mdumare vels, romelsac is fexiT mihyveba alvanisaken~.
guram rCeuliSvils Cvens mwerlobaSi Tan mohyva Tanamedroveobis sunTqva. mas Rr-mad hqonda ganviTarebuli formis siaxlis grZnoba. amitom SeiTvisa man ase bunebrivad Cveni drois mxatvruli prozis didostatTa Taviseburi nerviuli, daZabuli manera. ma-gram, amave dros, mTel mis adamianur ierSi da mwerlur bunebaSic iyo raRac Soreuli, ZvelqarTveluri. Tanamedrove qalaqis Svils, TbilisSi gazrdilsa da davaJkacebuls, TiTqos eviwroeboda aqauri quCebis rkali, didxans ver egueboda yoveldRiuri cxovre-bis erTferovan ritms da pirvelSeZlebisTanave martod an vinme SeCveul megobarTan erTad miiCqaroda mTebisken, zRvisken. bevrs dadioda Tavisi ganuyreli didi da mZime fexsacmelebiT, eswreboda xevsurul xatobas, doRs, alaverdobis dResaswauls, ereo-da qarTvel glexkacobaSi, yvelgan iCenda megobrebs, metoqeebs. is TiTqos gamZafrebiT daeZebda raRacas, ris gareSe misi Zlieri da mTrTolvare sxeuli SeiZleba gamxmariyo, gamofituliyo…
adamianTa umravlesobam kiTxva ar icis, ufro mets ki bolomde ver gau-gia, ratom kiTxulobs. zogierTebi Tvlian, rom kiTxva, ZiriTadad, mZime, ma-gram aucilebeli ramaa `ganaTlebisTvis~, da nebismieri sakiTxavi maT, didi-di-di, `gaanaTlebs~. sxvebisTvis kiTxva msubuqi siamovnebaa, drois mokvlis saSuale-ba, da maTTvis, sinamdvileSi, sulerTia, ras waikiTxaven, oRond ki ar moiwyinon. ase, b-ni miuleri goeTes `egmonts~ an markgrafinis qalis, fon bairoitis mogonebebs kiTxulobs, imis imediT, rom ufro ganaTlebuli gaxdeba da Seavsebs Tavis codnas, rom-lis naklebobasac Tavad ganicdis. is, rom codnis naklebobas ase mZafrad grZnobs da ar iviwyebs, ukve imis maniSnebelia, rom misi azriT ganaTleba raRac garedan momavalia da igi SromiT miiRweva. es ki imaze metyvelebs, rom rac ar unda iswavlos, masSi yvelaferi mkvdar da unayofo codnad darCeba.
batoni maieri ki `siamovnebisTvis~ kiTxulobs, anu mowyenilobis Jams. dro be-vri aqvs, rentiea, dro imaze meti aqvs, ramdenis gamoyenebasac SeZlebda. maSasa-dame, mwerlebi mas grZeli dRis mokvlaSi unda daexmaron. igi iseve kiTxulobs bal-zaks, rogorc karg sigaras eweva, da iseve kiTxulobs lenuas, rogorc gazeTs. arada, es batonebi, miulerebi da maierebi (iseve, rogorc maTi colebi, vaJebi da asule-bi), sxva rameebSi sulac ar arian arCevansa da damoukideblobas moklebulebi. TavianT fasian qaRaldebs saTanado mizezebis gareSe arasodes yiduloben da yidian, gamocdili aqvT, rom Zilis win mZime saWmelis miReba arasasurvelia, da fizikurad imaze metad ar itvirTaven Tavs, vidre janmrTelobisTvis araa aucilebeli. zogierTi maTgani sportsac ki misdevs da am niSandoblivi drostarebis saidumloSic erkveva, icis, rom sportiT Wkvian adamians ara marto siamovnebis miReba, aramed gaaxalgazrdaveba da janze mosvlac SeuZlia.
hoda, iseve, rogorc varjiSobs an niCabs usvams, batonma maierma unda ikiTxos ki-dec. im saaTebisagan, romlebsac kiTxvas andomebs, aranaklebi xeiri unda hqondes, vidre im droisgan, romelsac Tavis saqmes axmars, da mas ar unda acdunebdes iseTi wigni, ro-
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melic codniT ar gaamdidrebs, odnav mainc ufro janmrTels, erTi dRiT ufro axal-gazrdas ar gaxdis. ganaTleba mas iseve naklebad unda adardebdes, rogorc profeso-ris wodebis mopoveba, da romanebis gmir yaCaRebTan da saroskipoebis mflobelebTan urTierToba iseve unda rcxvenodes, rogorc namdvil naZiralebTan saqmis daWera. ma-gram mkiTxveli ase martivad ar msjelobs, is dabeWdil samyaros ganixilavs rogorc udavod amaRlebul rames, borotsa da keTils miRma arsebuls, anda amreziT uyurebs am samyaros, rogorc ararealurs, meocnebeebis mier gamogonils, romelic mxolod imisTvis varga, rom mowyenilobis Jams miakiTxo, da saidanac aranair xeirs ar unda elode, didi-didi, is SegrZneba gamogyves, rom ramdenime saaTi sasiamovnod gaatare. miuxedavad literaturis mcdari Sefasebisa da dakninebisa, b-ni miuleri da b-ni maieri, rogorc wesi, Zalian bevrs kiTxuloben. im saqmes, romelic maT, sinamdvileSi, sul ar exebaT, met yuradRebas da dros uTmoben, vidre rame sxva saqmes. Sesabamisad, gumaniT mainc xvdebian, rom wignebSi aris raRac, arcTu mTlad umniSvnelo. oRond maTi wignebis mimarT damokidebuleba imdenad pasiuri da Tavisufal nebas moklebulia, rom, biznesSi igive rom WirdeT, didi xnis gakotrebulebi iqnebodnen.
is mkiTxvelic, romelic dasvenebasa da drois gatarebas cdilobs, da isic, vinc sa-kuTar ganaTlebaze zrunavs, wignebSi erTgvar macocxlebel da sulierad amamaRlebel Zalas grZnoben, Tumca danamdvilebiT araferi ician da arc ramis Sefaseba SeuZliaT. isi-ni ugunuri avadmyofebiviT iqcevian, romlebmac ician, rom afTiaqSi bevri kargi wamalia da amitom iq yvela saSualebis gasinjvas cdiloben, yvela kolofis, yvela SuSis naxvas. arada, kargi iqneboda, Tu wignis maRaziasa da biblioTekaSi, kargi afTiaqis msgavsad, yve-lasTvis monaxuliyo sakuTari saSualeba, rom mowamvlisa da zedmetis moxmarebis gareSe yvelas SeZleboda axali Zalebis mokreba.
Cven, literatorebs, gvsiamovnebs, rom xalxi amdens kiTxulobs, da albaT avtoris mxridan arcTu Wkvianuria imis Tqma, rom xalxi metismetad bevrs kiTxulobs. magram roca es ambavi didxans grZeldeba, sayovelTaod arasworad gagebuli da borotad gamoyenebu-li saqmianoba sul ufro naklebad sasiamovno xdeba, da aTi kargi, madlieri mkiTxvelis yola, naklebi mogebis miuxedavad, aTasi umaduris yolaze ukeTesicaa da ufro sasixaru-loc.
amitom gavkadnierdi da vacxadeb, rom xalxi, sazogadod, metismetad bevrs kiTxu-lobs da es `kiTxvadoba~ literaturisTvis pativi ki ara, zaralia. wignebi imisTvis rodi iwereba, rom damoukideblobas moklebuli xalxi kidev ufro uniaTo gaxdes, magram, miu-xedavad amisa, maT imisTvis iyeneben, rom usicocxlo adamianebs iafad miawodon raRaca, rac cxovrebis iluzias qmnis da TiTqos misi Semcvlelia. arada, wignebi xom mxolod maSi-naa faseuli, roca sicocxles gvaziarebs, sicocxles emsaxureba, da kiTxvis yoveli saaTi fuWadaa Cavlili, Tu mkiTxvels erTi wveTi Zala, axalgazrdoba, xalisi mainc ar Semata.
garegnulad kiTxva iseTi ramaa, romelic koncentracias moiTxovs, da `dardis ga-saqarveblad~ kiTxva tyuili ambavia. Tu adamiani suliT avadmyofi araa, arafris gaqar-veba ar sWirdeba, piriqiT, yvelgan yuradRebiT yofna marTebs - sadac ar unda imyofebo-des, rasac ar unda akeTebdes, rasac ar unda grZnobdes - mTeli arsiT movlenebSi unda iyos CarTuli. aseve, kiTxvis dros unda gvesmodes, rom yoveli kargi wigni, upirveles yovlisa, yuradRebis gamaxvilebas gulisxmobs, CaxlarTuli ambebis erT wertilSi kon-centrirebas da gamartivebas. adamianuri grZnobebis aseTi gamartiveba da koncentrireba sul patara leqsiTac SeiZleba, da Tu misi kiTxvisas imis Zala ar Semwevs, rom yuradReba movikribo, Tanamonawile da TanamgrZnobi ar gavxde, cudi mkiTxveli vyofilvar. is, rom amiT leqsisa Tu romanis mimarT usamarTlobas viCen, SeiZleba ar maRelvebdes, magram cudi kiTxviT, upirveles yovlisa, sakuTari Tavis mimarT var usamarTlo. dros iseT rameze vxarjav, rac faseuli araa, mxedvelobas da yuradRebas CemTvis umniSvnelo rames vaxmar, imas, rac - winaswar vici - mzad var umalve daviviwyo, gonebas vRli STabeWdile-bebiT, romlebic CemTvis usargebloa da romelTa gadaxarSvac ar SemiZlia.
xSirad ityvian xolme, es `cudi kiTxva~ gazeTebis braliao. me aseTi azri sruliad mcdarad mimaCnia. SeiZleba yoveldRiurad ikiTxo gazeTi an gazeTebi da amave dros kon-
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centrirebulad da qmediTunarianad darCe, axali ambebis amorCeva da swrafi kombinacia Zalian janmrTeli da faseuli varjiSic kia. am dros, savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom ganaT-lebas danatrebulma maierma Tu siamovnebisTvis mkiTxvelma imgvarad waikiTxon `arCeviTi naTesaoba~, rom is sruliad usargeblo iqneba.
cxovreba xanmoklea, da imqveynad aravis moekiTxeba, ramden wignTan SeZlo gamkla-veba. amitom arcTu Wkvianuria da metic, mavnea fuW kiTxvaze drois xarjva. me cud wi-gnebs ki ara, kiTxvis xarisxs vgulisxmob. kiTxvisagan, iseve, rogorc cxovrebaSi yoveli nabijisa da CasunTqvisgan, raRacas unda velodeT, mas Zala unda davaxarjoT, rom meti miviRoT, unda davikargoT, rom ufro cnobierad aRmovaCinoT sakuTari Tavi. litera-turis istoriis codnas aranairi faseuloba ar gaaCnia, Tuki yovelma wakiTxulma tomma nugeSi, an Zala, an sulieri simSvide ar moitana. uazro, dabneuli kiTxva igivea, rac lamaz midamoSi Tvalaxveuli seirnoba. arc imisTvis unda vikiTxoT, rom sakuTari Tavi da yoveldRiuri cxovreba dagvaviwydes, piriqiT, ufro cnobierad da gonivrulad unda movkidoT mtkice xeli Cvens cxovrebas. wignebs ise ar unda mivudgeT, rogorc SeSine-buli moswavleebi _ ampartavan maswavlebels, da arc ise, fuqsavatebi rom miadgebian xolme aryis boTls, _ aramed ise, rogorc mTamsvlelebi udgebian alpebs, mebrZolebi _ arsenals. unda viyoT ara devnilebi da cxovrebis armosurneni, aramed keTili xalxi, romelsac maTTan aqvs saqme, vinc misi megobari da Semwea. ase rom iyos, ase rom moxdes, imis meaTedsac aRar waikiTxavda xalxi, rasac axla kiTxulobs, da yvelani aTjer ufro gaxarebulebi da mdidrebi viqnebodiT. xolo Tu es imas gamoiwvevda, rom Cvens wignebs aravin iyidda da Cven, mwerlebi, aTjer naklebs davwerdiT, samyaros amiT araferi dau-Savdeboda. vinaidan, kiTxvisa ar iyos, arc weris saqmea kargad.
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VI Tema: `xani undobari~
Wabua amirejibiSvilebo da SviliSvilebo!es werili Tvrametisas waakiTxeT Tqvens balRebs.Cemo patara batonebo da qalbatonebo!
batonobiT mogmarTavT, radgan sul cota aTi aristokratiuli gvarisa da batonTa modgmisani xarT.
oTxmocisa gitovebT am werils Tqveni papa da pepera mzeWabuk (Wabua) iraklis Ze ami-rejibi da Tavs movaled vTvli, zogi ram girCioT:
warmomavloba gixseneT. swored es unda iyos pirvelmizezi imisa, rom ampartavno-bisken ki ara, Tavmdablobis, mimteveblobisa da siyvarulisken unda miidrikos Tqveni xasiaTi, sicocxlisa da samyarosadmi damokidebuleba.
mTavari mainc is aris, rom Tqven mxolodRa ded-mamisa da bebia-papebis naSieri ki ara, qarTveli eris Svilebi xarT iseve, yoveli qarTveli mamuliSvili _ erisa, romlis uangaro samsaxurs Sealies Tavisi sicocxle Cven winaparTagan urCeulesebma. unda ico-deT da yoveli mniSvnelovani nabijis gadadgmisas iTvaliswinebdeT, rom xalxi, rogorc fenomeni, mxolodRa dResdReobiTi nawilia im maradiulobisa, rasac qarTveli eri hqvia, xolo eris sawyisi da ZiriTadi birTvi ojaxia, raic Tavad Tqvenc ueWvelad unda SeqmnaT da imravloT, raTa xsenebuli maradisoba uzrunvelyoT. es Tqveni wmidaTawmida valia!
samSobloSi Tqveni ojaxis elCi da saxe unda iyoT, samSoblos gareT Tqveni eris sindisi da Rirseba.
unda ecadoT, aravin gZuldeT. siZulvili borotebas badebs. mtrisac ki pativiscema gmarTebT, radgan igi TqvenSi mebrZols ayalibebs.
Cinuri andazaa _ „Tu ginda idge _ sul unda irbino~. igulisxmeba ganuwyve-teli moqmedeba. aseTebi iyvnen Tqveni winaprebi, maT Soris Tqveni papebi da pepe-rebi. im droisTvis, roca am werils waikiTxavT, ukve gecodinebaT, ras miaRwies maT moRvaweobis sxvadasxva dargSi da icodeT, yovelive imis wyalobiT iyo, rom sul da-vrbodiT. axlis Zieba, moqmedeba da aRsruleba iyo Cveni sicocxlis azri da devizi. yovelive adamiani (maT Soris Tqvenc), upirvelesad yovlisa, sakuTari SesaZleblobebis jami da yulabaa. SesaZleblobebi ki kapitalia. kapitals aseT niadagSi Cabandeba urCevnia, saidanac meti amonagebi eqneba.
daakvirdiT, vin meti moimka, vinc sakuTar materialur keTildReobaSi Caabanda, Tu man, vinc mamuliSvilobaSi, samSoblos samsaxurSi, eris, adamianisa da mSvenierebis siyva-rulSi Caiferfla? ifiqreT amaze, gamoitaneT daskvna da ise airCieT Tqveni „sirbilis~ asparezi.
imeds vitoveb, rom Rirseulad gaswevT Tqveni winaprebis damsaxurebaTa, Tavdadebi-sa da ukvdavi saxelebis saamayo Wapans im oTxi saTnoebiT maT Cven _ Tavis CamomavalT rom gvianderZes _ vaJkacobiT, samarTlianobiT, TavSekavebiTa da gonierebiT.
cota vinmem Tu icis vin iyo uiliam sidni porteri, magram o’henri visac ar unda hkiTxoT, yvelas ecodineba, miuxedavad imisa, icnobs Tu ara mis Semoqmedebas. sinamdvi-leSi ki uiliam sidni porteri da o’henri erTi da igive pirovnebaa. o’henri misi fsevdo-nimia, romelic, savaraudod, im cixis (Ohio Penitentiary) Semoklebaa, romelSic man sami weli gaatara…
uiliam sidnei porteri daibada grinsboroSi, samxreT karolina. mamamisi, algernon sidnei porteri, eqimi iyo. rodesac uiliami sami wlis gaxldaT, deda gardaecvala, igi aRizarda mamis mxridan bebiisa da mamidis mier. uiliami gaumaZRari mkiTxveli iyo, magram man 15 wlis asakSi skola miatova, igi muSaobda afTiaqsa da texasis fermaSi. is gadavida hiustonSi, sadac mas ramdenime samsaxuri hqonda, iyo bankis moxele. austinSi gadasvlis Semdeg igi 1882 wels daqorwinda.
o’henri moTxrobebis didostatia. ar dauweria raime mozrdili nawarmoebi. sikvdi-lis win Tqva, rom rac aqamde davwere, am didi wignisTvis mzadebaa, axla rom davwero, Tumca ar dascalda. misi sami moTxroba: `eqvsianebi da Svidianebi~, `moZravi qvebi~ da `colebi da mawanwalebi~ cnobili gaxda misi sikvdilis Semdgom.
o’henri bolo wlebSi daavadda alkoholizmiT, rasac finansuri problemebi daemata. is daqorwinda sara lindsi kolemanze 1907 wels, magram misi qorwineba bednieri ar yofi-la, erTi wlis Semdeg isini gaeyarnen.
o’henri 1910 wlis 5 ivniss niu-iorkSi gardaicvala diabetisa da RviZlis cirozisa-gan, ukiduresad Raribi da martoxela. misi ukanaskneli sityvebi iyo: `aanTeT sanTeli _ sibneleSi sikvdili ar minda~.