2003 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition Takashi YAMAMIYA Department of mechanical engineering, Tokyo metropolitan university, Japan Masahiro OTA Hoque Md. MOZAMMEL Kazuhiko MURAKAMI Pyrolysis Characteristics of Biomass Resources 1
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2003 ASME International Mechanical EngineeringCongress and Exposition
Takashi YAMAMIYADepartment of mechanical engineering, Tokyo metropolitan university, Japan
Masahiro OTA Hoque Md. MOZAMMEL Kazuhiko MURAKAMI
Pyrolysis Characteristics of Biomass Resources
1
Contents
1.Introduction
2.Experiments
3.Results and discussions
4.Conclusions
Background, Purpose
TG and DTGComposition of pyrolysis gases
Analysis of
2
World wide problems
Increasing of atmospheric CO2 level caused global warming
Exhaustion of fossil fuels
It is important to use of biomass resources
For improvement these problems
1.Introduction
3
Renewable energy
No emission of CO2
The actual condition
In Japan, the availability of waste wood of industries other than lumber industry is under 30%
The availabilities of biomass resources
Biomass resources are not used effectively
The availability and actual condition of Biomass resources
4
So this research was aimed at effective use of biomass resources.
There are some applications, such as solid fuel and gasification for effective use of biomass resources.
Problems and focus
There is not enough information of understanding pyrolysis mechanisms of biomass resources,especially about various types of biomass, such as dead leaves, coffee grounds and paper.
However
5
Understanding pyrolysis mechanism of various samples such as wood chips, dead leaves, coffee grounds and paper.
The purpose of this study is
Purpose of this study
6
The methods of understanding pyrolysis mechanisms are analysis of
weight loss
compositions of decomposed gases
2.Experiments
7
under pyrolysis.
TG（Thermo gravimetric weight loss） The TG is weight loss of the samples when heated at constant ratio.The temperature in which the reaction has occurred is revealed by analyzing TG.
DTGThe DTG is derivative TG. The DTG indicate the intensity of pyrolysis reaction clearly.
Description of TG and DTG
8
For the purpose of weight loss measurement under pyrolysis, TG/DTA devices were used.
Fig.1 TG/DTA 300
Experimental devise of TG and DTG analysis
Fig.2 Enlarged view of TG/DTA 300
Sample holder
Reference holder
9
Sample weight : about 0.8mg
Temperature range :RT-1273K
Heating ratio :10K/min
Carrier gas :N2
Reference :Platinum
The conditions of TG and DTG analysis
10
Cylinder
Gas syringe
Atmosphere
Vacuum pump
Pressure gage
Recorder
Gas blender
Temperaturecontroller Reaction
Tube
Furnace
Fig.3 schematic view of the thermal decomposition systems
Experimental devise of pyrolysis gases analysis
11
sampling unit
Sample weight : about 10g
Pyrolysis atmosphere : vacuum
Pyrolysis temperatures : 773K, 1023K, 1273K
Sampling times : 0, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, 150min
The kind of analyzing gases : CO, CO2, CH4, H2, C2H4, C2H6
The conditions of pyrolysis gases analysis
12
400 600 800 1000 12000
20
40
60
80
100
TG [w
t%]
Temperature [K]
Wood Chips Dead Leaves Coffee grounds Paper
The result of TG analysis
Fig.4 The results of TG analysis13
The result of DTG analysis
400 600 800 1000 120002468
10121416
D
TG [w
t%/m
in]
Temperature [K]
Wood Chip Dead Leaves Paper Coffee
14Fig.5 The results of DTG analysis
Coffee grounds
Wood chip
Paper
Dead leaves
Pyrolysis gas analysis at 773K
15
0 20 40 60 80 100120140160
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Con
cent
ratio
n [%
]
Time [min]
H2 CO CH4 CO2 C2H4 C2H6
Fig.6 Compositions of pyrolysis gases of wood chips at 773K
The compositions of each gas approached stably as time increase.
The compositions of C2H4and C2H6 are little.
These tendencies are seen at not only wood chips but also other samples and all temperature ranges.
05
1015202530354045
Fig.7 The concentrations of each gas at 773K
PaperCoffeeDeadWood
Con
cent
ratio
n [%
]
The kinds of sample
H2 CH4 CO CO2 CO2
The main pylolysis gas Except for coffee grounds
So the only coffee grounds was pyrolyzedmost actively around 580K that CH4 was decomposed largely from this pyrlolysis reaction.
The concentration of each gas at 773K
16
Coffee grounds
CH4
05
1015202530354045
Fig.8 The concentrations of each gas at 1023KThe kinds of sample
PaperCoffeeDeadWood
Con
cent
ratio
n [%
]
H2 CH4 CO CO2
The characteristics by difference in samples
Coffee groundsThe concentration of CH4is large quantity.This characteristic is same as 773K.
Dead leavesThe concentration of CO is large quantity.
PaperThe concentration of CO2is large quantity.
The concentrations of each gas at 1023K
The main pyrolysis gases change to H2.
17
800 850 900 950 1000 1050-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
DTG
[wt%
/min
]
Temperature [K]
Wood Chips Dead Leaves Coffee grounds Paper
Speculation from DTG from 770K to 1050K
18Fig.9 The results of DTG from 770K to 1050K
Dead leavesSome peaks appear in this temperature range.
Coffee grounds and paper
So CO is decompose by the pylolysis reaction of these peaks.
The remarkable characteristics of DTG cannot be seen .
The characteristics by difference in samples
05
10152025303540455055
Fig.10 The concentrations of each gas at 1273KThe kinds of sample
PaperCoffeeDeadWood
Con
cent
ratio
n [%
]
H2 CH4 CO CO2
The characteristics by difference in samples
Coffee groundsThe composition of CH4 is somewhat large quantity.The characteristic is same as 773K.
Dead leavesThe concentration of H2 is somewhat small quantity.
The concentrations of each gas at 1273K
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The main pylolysis gases are H2 and CO.And other gases are a little.
1100 1150 1200 1250
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
DTG
[wt%
/min
]
Temperature [K]
Wood Chip Dead Leaves Coffee grounds Paper
Speculation from DTG at 1050K-1230K
Dead leaves
20Fig.11 The results of DTG from 1050K to 1230K
The characteristics by difference in samples
The pyrolysis reaction is more intensity than the others. So the pyrolysis reaction of this peak decomposed some gases other than H2.
Coffee groundsThe remarkable characteristics of DTG cannot be seen .
4.Conclusions
The pyrolyzed level, the intensity order of pyrolysis reaction, and the temperature of active pyrolysis of each sample are revealed.
21
CO, CO2 and CH4 were decomposed mainly until 773K, and as temperature increase, pyrolysis reaction is shifted decomposed H2.
The characteristics of pyrolysis gases of each material were revealed and related with DTG analysis.
Thank you for your Thank you for your attention.attention.
Takashi YAMAMIYADepartment of mechanical engineering, Tokyo metropolitan university, Japan
Masahiro OTA Hoque Md. MOZAMMEL Kazuhiko MURAKAMI
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