PV for Transport Draft Workplan 1.0.3 (23Aug2017)iea-pvps.org/fileadmin/dam/public/workshop/PV_for_Transport/PV_for... · The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in November

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Task 17

PV for Transport

Draft Task Workplan for 2018-2020

Ver 1.0.3

23 August 2017

Prepared by: Toshio Hirota Waseda University [email protected]

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In collaboration with

Hiroyuki Yamada

New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization

[email protected]

Keiichi Komoto

Mizuho Information & Research Institute, Inc.

[email protected]

Masanori Ishimura


[email protected]

Mami Hasegawa


[email protected]

*Proposed subtask leaders and activities leaders shall be listed in the final draft workplan.

Abbreviations

2DS 2°C scenario

B2DS beyond 2°C scenario

ETP Energy Technology Perspectives

EV Electric Vehicle

ExCo Executive Committee

GHG greenhouse gas

IEA International Energy Agency

IEA HEV International Energy Agency, Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Programme

IEA PVPS International Energy Agency, Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme

IRENA International Renewable Energy Agency

LCV light commercial vehicles

LDV light-duty vehicles

PHV Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle

PLDV passenger light-duty vehicles

PV Photovoltaic

TCP Technical Cooperation Program

VPP Virtual Power Plant

V2X Vehicles to X (X: Grid, Home, etc.)

WTW well-to-wheel

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Purpose of this document (CC from IEA-PVPS Handbook 3.2.6):

The Task Work Plan describes, in detail, the specific activities that will be undertaken to achieve the

Task objectives, and covers the entire duration of the Task.

The Operating Agent is responsible for developing the Task Work Plan, with input from, and the

unanimous approval of, the Task participants. A summary of the current Task Work Plan is included in

each semi-annual Task Status Report, focusing on the next 6-month to one year time frame. Approval

for a new Task will not be given without a good draft Task Work Plan.

The content includes:

• Brief statement of Task objectives;

• Brief description of subtasks;

• Specific activities planned under each subtask;

• Who is responsible for the work;

• Schedule for activities and reports, including major milestones; and

• Resource requirements for each major activity.

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Table of contents 1 Foreword ............................................................................................................................... 5 2 Task 17 Preparation Group ................................................................................................. 7 3 Task Description ................................................................................................................... 8

3.1 Background and relevance with respect to the mission of IEA-PVPS .................................. 8 3.2 Motivation for the new Task 17 ............................................................................................ 9 3.3 Goals & objectives .............................................................................................................. 15 3.4 Scope ................................................................................................................................... 15 3.5 Approach ............................................................................................................................. 16 3.6 Programme duration ............................................................................................................ 16 3.7 Share of responsibilities for the Task Work ........................................................................ 17 3.8 Synergies between IEA-PVPS Task 17 and other IEA-PVPS Tasks .................................. 18 3.9 Synergies between IEA-PVPS Task 17 and other IEA Technology Cooperation

Programmes ...................................................................................................................... 18 3.9.1 Overview ............................................................................................................. 18 3.9.2 Collaboration with IEA-HEV ............................................................................. 19 3.9.3 Collaboration with other international organizations .......................................... 20

3.10 Added value ...................................................................................................................... 20 4 Description of Planned Work .............................................................................................. 21

4.1 Subtask 1: Benefits and requirements for PV-powered vehicles ...................................... 21 4.1.1 Activity 1.1: Overview and recognition of current status

of PV-powered vehicles .................................................................................. 22 4.1.2 Activity 1.2: Requirements, barriers and solutions for PV and vehicles ........... 23 4.1.3 Activity 1.3: Possible contributions and benefits .............................................. 24 4.1.4 Activity 1.4: Other possible PV-powered vehicles ........................................... 25

4.2 Subtask 2: PV-powered applications for electric systems and infrastructures .................. 26 4.2.1 Activity 2.1: PV-powered infrastructure for vehicles ....................................... 27 4.2.2 Activity 2.2: PV-powered applications for electric systems ............................. 28

4.3 Subtask 3: Roadmap of ‘PV for Transport’ ...................................................................... 29 4.4 Subtask 4: Dissemination .................................................................................................. 30

5 Resource Requirements, Allocation and Budget................................................................. 31 6 Task Reports ....................................................................................................................... 33

6.1 Task deliverables ................................................................................................................ 33 6.2 Reports to the ExCo ............................................................................................................ 33

7 Organizational Issues and Key Dates ................................................................................ 33 Annex A – Current Task 17 Mailing List ......................................................................................... 34

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1 Foreword

The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in November 1974, is an autonomous body within

the framework of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) which

carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among its member countries. The

European Union also participates in the work of the IEA. Collaboration in research, development and

demonstration of new technologies has been an important part of the Agency’s Programme.

The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS) is one of the collaborative R&D

Agreements established within the IEA. Since 1993, the PVPS participants have been conducting a

variety of joint projects in the application of photovoltaic conversion of solar energy into electricity.

The mission of the IEA PVPS programme is: To enhance the international collaborative efforts which

facilitate the role of photovoltaic solar energy as a cornerstone in the transition to sustainable energy

systems.

In order to achieve this, the Programme’s participants have undertaken a variety of joint research

projects in PV power systems applications. The overall programme is headed by an Executive

Committee, comprised of one delegate from each country or one organization member, which

designates distinct ‘Tasks,’ that may be research projects or activity areas.

The participating countries are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, China, Denmark, Finland,

France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,

South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Turkey and the United States of America. The

European Commission, the SolarPower Europe Association, the Solar Electric Power Association, the

Solar Energy Industries Association and the Copper Alliance are also members.

In recent years the market for PV systems has been rapidly expanding with significant penetration in

grid-connected markets in an increasing number of countries, connected to both the distribution as

well as the central transmission network.

This strong PV market expansion has been contributing to saving fossil fuel consumption and

mitigating environmental impacts in residential, commercial, industrial and power sectors.

On the other hand, in order to mitigate CO2 emission in the transport sector, promoting electrified

vehicles is suggested as an effective option.

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Although the positive impact to the transport sector by PV and renewable energy is relatively small

and the expected role of PV is not clear at present, the acceleration of integrating PV and renewable

energy to transport will be able to contribute to improving energy and environmental issues in the

transport. Taking into account the WTW emissions, a mutual exploitation of PV and electrified

vehicles with battery should be a key for reducing WTW CO2 emissions, as well as for deployment of

PV in the transport.

Task 17 focuses on possible contributions of photovoltaic technologies to the transport, as well as

expected market potential of photovoltaic applications in the transport.

This document is a draft of the Task Workplan for the proposed new Task 17: ‘PV for Transport’ for

the period from 2018-2020. It has been prepared by expert group for this new Task 17, based on the

concept paper submitted to the 49th PVPS ExCo meeting in Denver, CO, USA in May 2017, and the

discussions at the Task definition workshop in Washington D.C., USA (June 2017).

The final draft workplan shall be used by the PVPS ExCo during the discussion on this topic at the

50th PVPS ExCo meeting in Melbourne, Australia, in November 2017.

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2 Task 17 Preparation Group

This present draft workplan was prepared jointly by experts listed in Table 1, during and following the

Task17 definition workshops at Washington D.C. in June 2017.

Table 1 List of experts involved into the development of the work plan for the new Task 17

Name Surname Institution E-mail Country

Hubert Fechner University of Applied Sciences

Technikum Wien

[email protected] AUT

Stefan Nowak NET Ltd., PVPS Chairman [email protected] CHE

Paul Kaaijk ADEME [email protected] FRA

Toshio Hirota Waseda University [email protected] JPN

Hiroyuki Yamada NEDO [email protected] JPN

Keiichi Komoto MHIR [email protected] JPN

Masafumi Yamaguchi Toyota Technological Institute [email protected] JPN

Tatsuya Takamoto Sharp Corporation [email protected] JPN

Yuzuru Ueda Tokyo University of Science [email protected] JPN

Akinori Satou Toyota Motor Corporation [email protected] JPN

*Proposed subtask leaders and activities leaders, experts from participant countries shall be added in

the list above.

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3 Task Description

3.1 Background and relevance with respect to the mission of IEA-PVPS

(to be updated based on a new PVPS strategy for 2018-2022)

According to the current PVPS strategy, the overall mission of the PVPS Implementing Agreement

for 2013 - 2017 is “To enhance the international collaborative efforts which facilitate the role of

photovoltaic solar energy as a cornerstone in the transition to sustainable energy systems.”

To achieve the mission, the strategic direction of the programme addresses the following issues:

- Scenario work

- Market development and trends

- Policy framework

- Business models

- New technologies and applications

- Urban and rural implementation

- Large scale deployment

- Environmental aspects

- Quality and reliability

- Grid integration

The proposed work programme for the new Task 17 directly addresses a number of the strategic issues,

with a focus on the underlined issues which will be directly covered by Task 17’s activities.

As a part of the IEA-PVPS programme, Task 17 will support different stakeholders from research and

industry as well as policy-making by providing access to comprehensive international studies and

experiences with PV for transport.

In addition to market expansion of PV, the related new work will be coordinated with the other

activities relating to the transport within the IEA like the IEA HEV (Hybrid and Electric Vehicles).

A new PVPS strategy for 2018-2022 is in preparation. As this embraces revisiting all topics relevant

to further development and deployment of PV, expected outcomes of ‘PV for Transport’ will be

effectively merged with the new strategy.

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3.2 Motivation for the new Task 17

In order to mitigate CO2 emission in the transport sector, promoting electrified vehicles is suggested

as an effective option. Taking into account the WTW emissions, a mutual exploitation of PV and

electrified vehicles with battery should be a key for reducing WTW CO2 emissions in the transport.

On the other hand, it is pointed out that to effectively use of battery with PV will be necessary for

further PV deployment with mitigating negative influences to existing grid. Although main target of

the point will be a self-consumption at residential and building PV systems at this moment, this will

be applied for PV utilization in the transport.

A potential of PV market in the transport will be large, and the market will be the next driving force

for the further development of PV. Although PV market in the transport is still small, ‘PV for Transport’

will contribute to a deployment of PV in the transport.

The need and motivation for new Task 17 will be summarized below:

- The combination of EV and PV can contribute to increased use of renewable energy in the

transport promoting electrification

- In particular, PV-powered vehicles will realize the use of renewable energy more certainly and

easily. It also helps to increase EV users

- PV market in the transport will be the next driving force for further deployment of PV.

- PV applications for the transport should be developed and deployed.

- Interaction between PV and transport can contribute to the stabilization of the electric power

system and create new business models.

Expected industrial stakeholders will be below:

- PV industry

- Transport industry, such as automobile companies

- Storage industry

- Electric system/network industry

- Energy service providers

Also, researchers in these fields will be expected, as well as political and institutional experts

connecting the PV (renewable energy) sector and transport sector.

A comprehensive image of ‘PV for Transport’ is shown in Fig. 1.

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Fig. 1 Comprehensive image of ‘PV for Transport’

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<The role of renewable energy for de-carbonization in the transport >

In 2014, the transport sector accounted for 28% of global final energy demand and 23% of global CO2

emissions from fuel consumption, and consumed 65% of global oil final energy demand (Energy

Technology Perspectives 2017 [ETP2017]). As shown in Fig.2, most of transport energy use was

occupied by PLDV (passenger light-duty vehicles), LCV (light commercial vehicles) and trucks in

2015.

Fig. 2 Transport energy use, by mode, 2015

(©OECD/IEA 2017 Energy Technology Perspectives 2017 Figure 2.33, p. 85)

According to the ETP2017, expected contribution of the transport sector to achieve the 2DS (2°C

scenario) and the B2DS (beyond 2°C scenario), e.g. reducing CO2 emissions, is as high as the industry

sector (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4).

Fig. 3 Cumulative CO2 emissions reductions by sector and technology: RTS (reference technology scenario)

to 2DS

Fig. 4 Remaining CO2 emissions in the 2DS and B2DS

(©OECD/IEA 2017, Energy Technology Perspectives 2017, Figure 1.7, p. 32)

(©OECD/IEA 2017, Energy Technology Perspectives 2017, Figure 1.8, p. 32)

As shown in Fig. 5, most of WTW (well-to-wheel) GHG emissions reduction is expected by LDV

(light-duty vehicles including PLDV and LCV). And, expected approaches for minimizing GHG

emissions from the LDV are changing fuels and promoting electrification of the fossil-fuel-based

passenger vehicles (see Fig. 6).

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Fig. 5 WTW GHG emissions reductions by transport

mode and scenario, 2015-60 Fig. 6 Global technology penetrations in LDV

stock by scenario, 2015-60 (©OECD/IEA 2017, Energy Technology Perspectives

2017, Figure 5.1, p. 219) (©OECD/IEA 2017, Energy Technology

Perspectives 2017, Figure 5.3, p. 223)

With increasing electrified vehicles, energy sources for the electricity supply to vehicles should be

secured. For reducing CO2 emissions from electrified vehicles, changing energy sources from

conventional to renewable energy, especially photovoltaic and wind power which have a good track

record in supplying electricity, should be accelerated. For promoting electrification of vehicles while

considering the cost for grid expansion, not only charging low-carbon electricity from the existing grid

network, but also charging electricity by itself on board and from dedicated stations using renewable

energy will be feasible (see Fig.1).

<The role of PV for low-carbon (de-carbonized) society>

As shown in Fig. 7, PV technology is one of the key technologies to reduce CO2 emissions of the

power sector to achieve the 2DS and the B2DS. Also, as shown in Fig. 8, PV and renewable electricity

can reduce CO2 emissions of hybrid vehicles, plug-in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles.

Fig. 7 Key technologies for reducing CO2 emissions

from the power sector in the B2DS relative to the RTS

Fig. 8 Well-to-Wheels Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2035, Mid-Size Car

(©OECD/IEA 2017, Energy Technology Perspectives 2017, Figure6.9, p. 285)

(Ref. U.S.DOE: Program Record (Offices of Bioenergy Technologies, Fuel Cell Technologies

& Vehicle Technologies, 10 May 2013)

Possible options for using PV electricity for transport will be 1) Feeding PV electricity to electrified

vehicles through the grid and PV equipped houses/buildings; 2) Feeding PV electricity at the PV

equipped charging station; and 3) Integrated PV (PV-powered) vehicles.

0

50

100

150

200

250

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Among these options, options 2) and 3) can accelerate de-carbonization of transport than the 2DS and

B2DS in the ETP2017, while option 1) is already included in the scenarios. And, option 3) PV-powered

vehicles, using PV on the surface, is a quite new application to be developed, while charging

infrastructure corresponding to options 2) should be discussed as an important options for integrating

with electric system as an extension of option 1).

Considering the direct usage of PV electricity for passenger vehicles (PV-powered passenger vehicles),

the available area for PV modules is limited. However, the efficiency of PV cells/modules is steadily

increasing (see Fig. 9), and the PV even in a limited area will be able to work for the electricity supply

with a battery equipped in the vehicle. This idea can apply to other forms of transport such as freight

vehicles and trains. In these cases, larger surfaces are available for PV modules, and even conventional

(regular performance) PV module will be accessible.

Fig. 9 Example of development of high performance PV (Ref. NEDO)

Also, supplying electricity from transport (vehicle) to other equipment including the electricity grid

will be a promising approach for integrating with electric system, even in the option 1). Generally,

‘V2X’ (Vehicle to X: Home, Grid, etc.) means a simple bidirectional electricity interchange between

V and X, and that the electricity is first charged to the vehicle from the grid. However, an equipped

with on-board PV can supply electricity generated by PV to X.

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<The status of PV-powered vehicles>

Here, vehicles include cars, trucks, trains, ships and planes.

Some automobile manufacturers have made an announcement of electric vehicles and/or plug-in

hybrid vehicles using a PV module on board. In addition, there are some examples of other vehicles

using PV on board.

(http://toyota.jp/priusphv/performance/charge/?padid=ag341_from_priusphv_top_performance03#)

(https://www.sonomotors.com/sion/#page-content)

(http://pps-net.org/column/19534)

Currently, there are some research activities for PV-powered vehicles.

For example, the Fraunhofer ISE has carried out and evaluated yield analyses of PV power supply for

commercial vehicles, such as refrigerated transport vehicles, using real-life solar irradiance data. As a

preliminary analysis, it is calculated that a 40 tons refrigerated semitrailer with a roof area of 36 m2

equipped with PV modules (nominal power of 6 kW) will be able to save up to 1900 L of diesel fuel

per year1. In Japan, a preliminary study on PV-powered passenger car, supposing 1kW PV on-board,

was implemented, and the findings are environmental benefit, e.g. contribution to reduction of CO2

emission, will depend on effective use of PV electricity generated on-board2, as well as economic

benefit.

To promote development and deployment of PV-powered vehicles, an increase in performance like

improving PV performance and management method, based on experiences in the actual field, is

expected. These activities are still at the initial stage, the same as PV systems in the 1990s.

For mitigating environmental impacts by the transport, additional support for deployment of

environmentally friendly vehicles using PV will be necessary.

1 Research at Fraunhofer ISE Investigates Integrated Photovoltaic Modules for Commercial Vehicles, PRESS RELEASE, April 4, 2017, (https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/press-media/press-releases/2017/research-at-fraunhofer-ise-investigates-integrated-photovoltaic-modules-for-commercial-vehicles.html) 2 T. Sato, K. Komoto. M. Hasegawa, H. Yamada, et al:, The Potential of On-Board PV for Electrified Vehicles to Reduce Lifecycle CO2 Emissions, PVSEC-26, Signapore, Oct. 2016

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3.3 Goals & objectives

The main goal of Task 17 is to deploy PV usage in the transport, which will contribute to reducing

CO2 emissions of the sector and enhancing PV market expansions.

To reach this goal, the Task 17 has the following objectives:

- Clarify expected/possible benefits and requirements for PV-powered vehicles

- Identify barriers and solutions to satisfy the requirements

- Propose directions for deployment of PV equipped charging stations and integrating PV-powered

vehicles with electrical systems

- Develop a roadmap for deployment of PV for transport

- To realize above in the market, contribute to accelerating communication and activities going

ahead within stakeholders such as PV industry, transport industry such as automobile industry,

battery industry, and energy service provider

3.4 Scope

The scope of the work in Task 17 will be issues on integration of PV and vehicles such as PV-powered

cars, trucks and buses, PV equipped electricity charging stations and advanced electrical systems like

V2X and VPP with PV-powered vehicles.

As for the PV-powered vehicles, how to directly use and manage PV electricity for forms of transport

such as cars, trucks, trains and ships, and how to integrate PV components on board will be important.

Considering the V2X (and VPP), it is should be noted that the PV-powered vehicles can supply PV

electricity to ‘X’, in addition to electricity originally charged from the grid.

Expected benefits will be discussed from viewpoints of not only energy and the environment, but also

users and relative industries.

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3.5 Approach

The work programme of the proposed Task 17 addresses issues on PV-powered applications such as

PV-powered vehicles, PV equipped electricity supply equipment and integrated electrical systems

consisted of PV-powered vehicles including cars, trucks, etc., mainly from technical viewpoints, and

also includes issues on expected benefits from users’ and stakeholders’ viewpoints in addition to

energy and environmental aspects. As a crosscutting issue, a roadmap for deployment of PV usage in

the transport and reducing CO2 emissions of the sector will be discussed.

The project requires the involvement of key players in the PV industry including experts of

system/application design, the transport industry such as automobile companies, the storage and

electrical system industry, energy service providers, researchers in these fields, and political and

institutional experts connecting the PV (renewable energy) and transport.

The work programme is organized into three main technical subtasks and one dissemination subtask.

The dissemination subtask will be in charge of communication with stakeholders in many different

ways from workshops to papers and reports.

- Subtask 1: Benefits and requirements for PV-powered vehicles

- Subtask 2: PV-powered applications for electric systems and infrastructures

- Subtask 3: Roadmap of ‘PV for Transport’

- Subtask 4: Dissemination

Activities within the subtasks will be carried out on a task-sharing basis as in other tasks of the PVPS

Technology Cooperation Programme. The Subtask leaders are to be confirmed by each country and

do currently not represent a formal commitment of the countries concerned.

3.6 Programme Duration

The proposed Task work is expected to be undertaken over a 36-month period from January 2018

through December 2020.

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3.7 Share of responsibilities for the Task Work

The Operating Agent (OA) is responsible for the overall technical and administrative management of

the Task work and for implementing the decisions of the PVPS Executive Committee. The work is

structured on three levels: Task, Subtask and Activity. The OA is responsible for leading and

coordinating the Task. Subtask and Activity leaders are responsible for the work undertaken at these

levels.

In detail, the OA, Subtask and Activity leaders share the following responsibilities:

Operating Agent

- Coordination, scheduling and communication between subtasks.

- Preparing, leading and summarizing Task meetings (Proposal twice annually).

- Reporting to PVPS Executive Committee regarding progress of the work, task meetings, status &

annual reports.

- Collaboration and communication with other PVPS Tasks, and with other relevant IEA

Implementing Agreements.

- Coordinate/ensure publications of technical reports and other material.

Subtask Leader

- Coordination, scheduling and communication between activities.

- Assisting activity leaders within the subtask.

- Reporting and coordinating at the Task level.

Activity Leader

- Prepare activity plans and scheduling.

- Coordinate activity work and communicate with other participants.

- Produce and submit deliverables to OA.

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3.8 Synergies between IEA-PVPS Task XX and other IEA-PVPS Tasks

Task 17 will use the resources of Task 1 “Exchange and dissemination of information on PV power

systems” regarding the dissemination and public affairs issues.

The designated Task 17 OA as well as individual Task 17 experts are collaborating with the following

other tasks of IEA-PVPS:

- IEA-PVPS Task 1 : Exchange and dissemination of information on PV power systems

- IEA-PVPS Task 12 : PV environmental health and safety

Collaboration with respect to environment assessment of PV applications for transport

- IEA-PVPS Task 14 : High Penetration of PV Systems in Electricity Grids

Collaboration concerning integrating PV applications with electrical system

Also, the following synergies may be possible (tentative):

- Task 9 : Contribution to increasing energy/electricity demand for the transport in

developing countries

- Task 16 : Forecast/prediction of PV electricity on board

3.9 Synergies between IEA-PVPS Task 17 and other IEA Technology Cooperation

Programmes

3.9.1 Overview

As the scope of Task 17 is directly linked to electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, the

collaboration with the TCP dealing with these topics will be of great importance.

The collaboration with the IEA-HEV will be an effective approach and proposed.

Also, there will be a possibility to collaborate with TCPs regarding issues on energy storage and grid

integration like a smart-grid. The collaboration with the IRENA will be an option, too.

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3.9.2 Collaboration with IEA-HEV

The IEA-HEV covers various topics relevant to electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, and it

seems that topics discussed by some Tasks under the IEA-HEV will be relevant to the focus of Task

17’s. It will be useful to refer to their deliverables and to communicate with OA and experts of such

Tasks.

According to the IEA HEV Annual Report 2015, the HEV has the intention of increasing collaboration

with IEA-PVPS. It is feasible for Task 17 to collaborate with the IEA-HEV.

Table 2 Relevant Tasks under the IEA HEV

Task 23 Light-Electric-Vehicle Parking

and Charging Infrastructure

Identifies and addresses issues on light-electric-vehicle

including e-scooters, e-bikes and hybrid pedal/electric

bikes

Task 25 Plug-in Electric Vehicles Studies information and current variables related to

HEVs entering the market

Task 27 Electrification of transport logistic

vehicles (eLogV)

Summarize implementation hurdles and identify early

niche markets and commercialization opportunities

Task 28 Home grids and V2X technologies Analyzing technical and economic viability of V2X

(V2G, V2H, V2L, V2V) technology

Task 31 Fuels and energy carriers for

transport

Provides a comprehensive overview of different fuel

and drive-train options

(Ref: IEA HEV 2016, Hybrid and Electric Vehicles, the Electric Vehicle Commutes)

*To be updated by communication with the IEA HEV.

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3.9.3 Collaboration with other TCP and other international organizations

Task 17 covers issues on electricity storage and integration with grid like a smart-grid. It may be useful

to collaborate with the following IEA TCPs:

- IEA ECES : Energy Storage

- IEA ISGAN : Smart-Grid

Also, the IRENA has published reports relevant to Task 17 shown below. There will be an option to

collaborate/communicate with the IRENA for promoting Task 17 activity.

- Electric Vehicles: Technology Brief (February 2017)

- Renewable Energy in Cities (October 2016)

3.10 Added value

As a part of the IEA-PVPS programme, Task 17 will support different stakeholders from research and

industry as well as political and institutional sectors by providing access to comprehensive

international studies and experiences with PV for transport.

The new Task in PVPS will allow the creation of unique platforms and opportunities of scientific

exchange with inclusion of private and public organizations working in the field of PV technology and

the transport.

Active collaboration with the IEA HEV will contribute to their discussion on deployment of electric

vehicle, V2X and fuels for transport, and PV can be identified as a promising option for future transport.

With its results and achievements, Task 17 will enable all interested stakeholders to understand the

value of ‘PV for Transport’.

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4 Description of planned work

4.1 Subtask 1: Benefits and requirements for PV-powered vehicles

Subtask 1: Benefits and requirements for PV-powered vehicles

ST leader Toshio Hirota

Other countries

Context Looking at the trends and forecasts of energy consumption and GHG emission in the

transport, those are occupied almost completely by vehicles driven by oil products. In order

to mitigate environmental impacts in the transport, promoting electrified vehicles is

suggested as an effective option.

Then, how to directly use and manage PV electricity for passenger cars, trucks and

others, and how to integrate PV components on board will be important.

Scope In order to deploy the PV-powered vehicles, Subtask 1 will clarify expected/possible

benefits and requirements for utilizing PV on board. Targeted PV-powered vehicles will be

passenger cars (PHVs and EVs), trucks and others.

The results will be reflected to Subtask 2, and how to use PV-powered vehicles with

electric systems will be discussed.

Objectives - To recognize current status and future potential of PV-powered vehicles (Ac. 1.1)

- To identify requirements, barriers and solutions for PV-powered vehicles (Ac. 1.2)

- To clarify expected contributions by PV-powered vehicles to energy and

environmental issues in the transport (Ac. 1.3)

- To clarify expected benefits for users and industry by PV-powered vehicles (Ac. 1.3)

- To compare expected contributions and benefits by PV-powered vehicles to using PV

electricity not produced in the vehicles (Ac. 1.3)

- To discuss potential of other PV-powered vehicles such as ships, planes, trains and

other small vehicles, if any, as options (Ac. 1.4)

Total efforts

Duration 2018-2020

Activities 1.1: Overview and recognition of current status of PV-powered vehicles

1.2: Requirements, barriers and solutions for PV and vehicles

1.3: Possible contributions and benefits

1.4: Other possible PV-powered vehicles

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4.1.1 Activity 1.1: Overview and recognition of current status of PV-powered vehicles

Activity 1.1: Overview and recognition of current status of PV-powered vehicles

Level of effort (PM)

Duration (months)

Activity leader

Participating countries

Method/approach Survey and analysis

Description of work (1) Survey existing scenarios and target for green-transport

- CO2 reduction target for transport including energy conversion of each country

- Current status and action plan for electrified vehicle introduction

- Scenarios for electrified vehicle introduction including PV powered vehicle

* Collaboration with IEA HEV team is expected.

(2) Survey showcases of relevant activities of PV-powered vehicles

- Investigation of relevant activity of automakers, institutes, and government

- Analysis of current technology and social acceptability

Deliverables Included in the Task brochure and/or technical reports as introductory topics

Target audiences All relevant stakeholders:

PV industry, transport industry, storage industry, electric system/network industry,

energy service providers, researchers and political/institutional experts connecting

the PV (renewable energy) sector and transport sector.

Milestones Dec 2018 Survey and analysis

Sep 2020 Revised edition

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4.1.2 Activity 1.2: Requirements, barriers and solutions for PV and vehicles

Activity 1.2: Requirements, barriers and solutions for PV and vehicles


Duration (months)

Activity leader


Method/approach Survey and discussion with PV industry, automotive industry and battery industry

Case study and analysis on energy balance of vehicle requirement and PV generation

To identify requirement, barriers and solution for PV powered vehicle

Description of work (1) Case study and analysis on energy balance of requirement and PV generation

(1-1) Identify the energy requirement and solar radiation of each area

- Investigation of the typical driving modes and vehicle specification


- Solar radiation by hour, day, season, area in each country

(1-2) Case study and analysis

- How to design PV capacity and structure for PV module integration

- Clarify requirement of battery capacity for each driving mode

- Clarify requirement of vehicle energy consumption for each application

(2) Requirements, barriers and solution for PV powered vehicle

(2-1) Requirements for PV cells/modules:

- weight, efficiency, flexibility, characteristics of module structure and materials

used, tolerant to curved surface, vibrancy, performance and lifetime

(2-2) Requirements for other components and vehicle

- Battery: current status and prospect of energy density and cost of battery system

- Energy management: MPPT and DC management system for vehicle

- Vehicle: safety, reduction of energy consumption

- Possible solutions to overcome the barriers


Deliverables Technical report on requirements, barriers and solutions for PV-powered vehicles

- This may be combined with results of other activities under Subtask 1

Target audiences PV industry, transport industry, storage industry, researchers in both PV and

automotive sectors

Milestones Dec 2018 Investigation energy requirement and PV generation

Sep 2020 Technical report

24

4.1.3 Activity 1.3: Possible contributions and benefits

Activity 1.3: Possible contributions and benefits


Duration (months)

Activity leader


Method/approach Survey and discussion with PV industry, automotive industry and battery industry;

Case study and analysis on CO2 emission reduction and users benefits

Compare to indirect PV use

Description of work (1) Survey and discussion with PV industry, automotive industry and battery

industry;

(1-1) Estimate possible contributions from viewpoints of energy and environment

- Required electricity for the vehicles and expected PV electricity, with

considering driving mode of vehicles and expected solar irradiation

- Possible contributions to saving fossil-fuel consumption and reducing CO2

emissions, e.g., well-to wheel analysis


(1-2) Identify/clarify possible benefits for users, industry and society, such as

- Less-charging

- Industrial activation

- Comfortable transportation systems

(2) Case study and analysis on CO2 emission reduction and users benefits

- Quantitative evaluation on CO2 reduction and less-charging

(3) Compare to indirect PV use

- Comparison possible contributions and benefits of PV-powered vehicles to

cases of using PV electricity not produces in the vehicle

Deliverables Technical report on possible contributions and benefits of PV-powered vehicles


Target audiences PV industry, transport industry, storage industry, researchers and

political/institutional experts in both PV and transport sectors

Milestones June 2019 Survey


25

4.1.4 Activity 1.4: Other possible PV-powered vehicles

Activity 1.4: Other possible PV-powered vehicles (ships, planes, trains and other small vehicles)


Duration (months)

Activity leader

Participating

countries

Method/approach Case study and analysis on energy balance

To identify requirement, barriers and solution for PV powered vehicle

Description of work (1) Case study and analysis on energy balance of requirement and PV generation

(1-1) Identify the energy requirement and solar radiation of each area

- Investigation of the typical driving modes and vehicle specification

- Solar radiation by hour, day, season, area in each country

(1-2) Case study and analysis

- How to design PV capacity and structure for PV module integration

- Clarify requirement of battery capacity for each driving mode

- Clarify requirement of vehicle energy consumption for each application

(2) Requirements, barriers and solution for PV powered vehicle

(2-1) Requirements for PV cells/modules:

- weight, efficiency, flexibility, characteristics of module structure and materials

used, tolerant to curved surface, vibrancy, performance and lifetime

(2-2) Requirements for other components and vehicle

- Battery, energy management, and vehicles

- Possible solutions to overcome the barriers

(3) Identify/clarify possible contributions and benefits of PV-powered infrastructure

- Possible contributions to saving fossil-fuel and reducing CO2 emissions

- Possible benefits for users, industry and society

- Comparison possible contributions and benefits of PV-powered vehicles to

cases of using PV electricity not produces in the vehicle

Deliverables Technical report on PV-powered vehicles; separate from PV-powered cars (Ac.1.1-

1.3)



Milestones June 2019 Investigation


26

4.2 Subtask 2: PV-powered applications for electric systems and infrastructures

Subtask 2: PV-powered applications for electric systems and infrastructures

ST leader

Other countries

Context For promoting electrification of vehicles, not only charging electricity by itself on board,

but also charging renewable electricity at the environmental friendly infrastructure, e.g.

PV-powered charging stations, will be feasible.

Also, surplus electricity from vehicle to other equipment including houses, offices,

communities, and the electricity grid (V2X) will be a promising option for integrating with

electric system to reduce CO2 emission and to improve the quality of electricity. PV-

powered vehicles can supply electricity generated by PV to X, in addition to a simple

bidirectional electricity interchange between V and X.

Scope In order to utilize the PV in the transport effectively and widely, active combination

between PV and electric systems including infrastructure with vehicles will be an effective

approach.

Subtask 2 will discuss electric systems using PV-powered vehicles and infrastructures.

Objectives - To identify requirements, barriers and solutions for PV-powered infrastructure such

as charging station (Ac. 2.1)

- To clarify contributions and benefits by PV-powered infrastructure, and to compare

them to using PV electricity not produced at the site (Ac. 2.1)

- To identify requirements, barriers and solutions for PV-powered applications for

electric systems such as V2G (Ac. 2.2)

- To clarify contributions and benefits by PV-powered applications for electric systems

(Ac. 2.2)

Total efforts

Duration 2018-2020

Activities 2.1: PV-powered infrastructure for vehicles

2.2: PV-powered applications for electric systems

2.3: Possible/innovative social models and business models

27

4.2.1 Activity 2.1: PV-powered infrastructure for vehicles

Activity 2.1: PV-powered infrastructure for vehicles


Duration (months)

Activity leader


Method/approach Survey and discussion with PV industry, automotive industry and battery industry;

Case study and analysis

Description of work Identify/clarify requirements, barriers and solutions for PV-powered infrastructure

- Design of PV equipped infrastructure, including issues on control and

management

- Requirements and barriers for PV-powered infrastructure from technical and

political/institutional viewpoints

- Directions to overcome the barriers

Identify/clarify possible contributions and benefits of PV-powered infrastructure

- Possible contributions to saving fossil-fuel consumption and reducing CO2

emissions

- Possible benefits for deploying PV-powered applications for electric systems

- Comparison possible contributions and benefits to indirect PV use (using PV

electricity not produces at the site)

Deliverables Technical report on PV-powered infrastructure




Milestones Mar 2019 Survey and discussion for PV powered infrastructure for EV


28

4.2.2 Activity 2.2: PV-powered applications for electric systems

Activity 2.2: PV-powered applications for electric systems


Duration (months)

Activity leader


Method/approach Investigation of current V2H system including system with/without battery

Case study and analysis on energy saving and CO2 reduction with PV powered

vehicle

Description of work (1) Investigation of current V2H system with/without battery

- V2H system configuration and HEMS (Home energy management system)

- Benefits with V2H system on energy saving, CO2 reduction and economy

- EV contribution for PV utilization factor with/without stationary battery

- How to use information networks and big data

- Barriers for V2H expanding and how to overcome the barriers

- Propose a system configuration of PV powered vehicle to a house

(2) Case study and analysis

- Identify the typical electricity consumption of a home

- Identify electricity generation of PV on the vehicle and the home (V2H)

- Estimate benefits to increase PV utilization factor for V2H

- Estimate benefit for community (V2Community)

- Identify/clarify possible contributions of PV-powered application to home,

community, and electric systems

- Improvement of efficiency and autonomy of HEMS and CEMS, and

improvement of grid stability

- Comparison possible contributions to simple ‘PV + storage + EVs’

Deliverables Technical report on PV-powered applications


Target audiences PV industry, transport industry, storage industry, electric system/network industry,

energy service providers, researchers and political/institutional experts in both PV

and transport sectors

Milestones Mar 2019 Investigation for PV powered infrastructure for EV


29

4.3 Subtask 3: Roadmap of ‘PV for Transport’

Subtask 3: Roadmap of ‘PV for Transport’

ST leader

Other countries

Context For reducing CO2 emissions from the transport, changing energy sources from

conventional to renewable energy, especially photovoltaic which have a good track record

in supplying electricity by utility-scale, should be accelerated.

Although PV market in the transport is still small, a potential of PV market in the transport

will be large and the market will be the next driving force for the further development of

PV.

New social models expected by innovational ‘PV for Transport’

Scope In parallel with Subtask 1 and Subtask 2, Subtask 3 will develop a roadmap for

deployment of PV-powered vehicles and applications.

Viable business models including VPP (Virtual Power Plant) will be also discussed.

Objectives The roadmap will include:

- R&D scenario of PV-powered vehicles and applications

Approaches to meet the requirements

- Deployment scenario of PV-powered vehicles and applications

PV-powered vehicles

Combination with infrastructures and electric systems

- Possible contribution to energy and environmental issues

Contribution to saving fossil-energy consumption and reducing CO2 emissions

- Social and business models

Interplay to expect from different types of actors, e.g. possible stakeholders

New social models expected by innovational ‘PV for Transport’

Possible/innovative business models

Total efforts

Duration 2018-2020

Activities No activities will be organized.

30

4.4 Subtask 4: Dissemination

Subtask 4: Dissemination

ST leader

Other countries

Context A considerable amount of new knowledge is expected to be developed under this task. It

is important that this knowledge is disseminated to the general public and end users in a

timely manner.

Scope Subtask 4 will focus on information dissemination procedures that effectively release key

findings to stakeholders such as PV industry, transport industry such as automobile

industry, battery industry, and energy service provider.

Communication/collaboration with the IEA HEV will actively be implemented, as well.

Objectives In order to deploy ‘PV for Transport’, as well as to deliver results of task, the deliverables

will be disseminated via workshops, conferences and so on.

Expected deliverables and opportunities will be as below:

- Technical reports based on proposed activities

- Task brochure

- Webinars and conference presentations

- Workshop with stakeholders

Total efforts

Duration 2018-2020

Activities No activities will be organized.

31

5 Resource requirements, allocation and budget

Potential areas of country involvement for the subtasks and their activities under each one are given

in Table 3. The expressions of interest presented in this table do not present any commitment by the

member country.

Resources required to perform the work in each of the Subtasks is provided in Table 4. As of November

2017, there have been no official commitments made by any country. Hence the total required

contributions in terms of person-months for the Task 17 have not yet been compiled.

After the endorsement of the extension of Task 17 by the ExCo and the final determination of the

organizational structure, leaderships and individual country contributions, the work plan will be

completed with the resource requirements, allocation and corresponding budgets.

Table 3 Task17: Country involvement and main contributors

(To be filled at/after the workshop in Vienna)

Subtask/Activity Contributing countries

(final list will be confirmed

during next (1st) task meeting)

Subtask 1: Benefits and requirements for PV-powered

vehicles

Lead:

Main contributors:

Activity 1.1: Overview and recognition of current status of PV-

powered vehicles

Lead:

Activity 1.2: Requirements, barriers and solutions for PV and

vehicles

Lead:

Activity 1.3: Possible contributions and benefits Lead:

Activity 1.4: Other possible PV-powered vehicles Lead:

Subtask 2: PV-powered applications for electric systems and

infrastructures

Lead:

Main contributors:

Activity 2.1: PV-powered infrastructure for vehicles Lead:

Activity 2.2: PV-powered applications for electric systems Lead:

Subtask 3: Roadmap of ‘PV for Transport’ Lead:

Main contributors:

Subtask 4: Dissemination Lead:

Main contributors:

32

Table 4 Estimated efforts for the full duration of the Task

(To be filled at/after the workshop in Vienna)

Subtask Activity Person months

Subtask 1: Benefits and

requirements for PV-

powered vehicles

Activity 1.1: Overview and

recognition of current status of

PV-powered vehicles

Activity 1.2: Requirements,

barriers and solutions for PV and

vehicles

Activity 1.3: Possible

contributions and benefits

Activity 1.4: Other possible PV-

powered vehicles

Total Subtask 1

Subtask 2: PV-powered

applications for electric

systems and infrastructures

Activity 2.1: PV-powered

infrastructure for vehicles

Activity 2.2: PV-powered

applications for electric systems

Total Subtask 2

Subtask 3: Roadmap of

‘PV for Transport’

Total Subtask 3

Subtask 4: Dissemination Total Subtask 4

Task17 Total

33

6 Task reports

6.1 Task deliverables

See section 4.

6.2 Reports to the ExCo

To provide the ExCo with a brief overview on the Task progress, Task Reports will be prepared every

6 months by the Operating Agent.

This report includes the Task objectives and strategies, key matters requiring ExCo discussion and/or

action, a brief overview on the progress and activities, the accomplishments of the previous six months

and plans for the next six months as well as a summary of documents published and planned. In

addition, highlights of industry involvement, a summary of inter-task coordination and a summary of

Task participation and effectiveness together with a plan for next meetings and a summary of current

Task Work Plan will be provided.

7 Organizational Issues and Key Dates

The schedule for the proposed Task 17 is as shown below:

- April 2017 : discussion on the draft concept paper, at the Task 1 meeting

- May 2017 : proposal of the draft concept paper at the 49th PVPS ExCo meeting

- 28 June 2017 : 1st definition workshop for developing a draft work plan, in

conjunction with IEEE PVSC-44 at Washington D.C., U.S.A)

- 12 September 2017 : 2nd definition workshop for developing a draft work plan in Vienna

- 15 November 2017 : Final workshop for completing a draft work plan, in conjunction with

PVSEC-27 at Otsu, Japan

- 29-30 November 2017 : proposal and vote on the work plan at the 50th PVPS ExCo meeting

34

Annex-A Current Task17 Mailing List

<Participants of 1st definition workshop in Washington D.C. on 28 June 2017>

Name Surname Institution E-mail (tbc) Country

Linda Koschier University of New South Wales AUS

Christoph Mayr Austrian Institute of Technology

GmbH

AUT

Yves Poissant Natural Resource Canada CAN

Arnulf Jager-Waldau Ispra-JRC EC

Tristan Carrere ADEME FRA

Markus Schweiger TUV Rheinland DEU

Chinho Park MOTIE KOR

Lenny Tinker DOE, ExCo USA USA

Victor Plotnikov Lucintech, Transparent Power USA

Masafumi Yamaguchi Toyota Technological Institute JPN

Kenji Araki Toyota Technological Institute JPN

Akinori Sato Toyota Motor Corporation JPN

Michihiko Takase Panasonic Corporation JPN

Izumi Kaizuka RTS Corporation JPN

Hiroyuki Yamada NEDO, ExCo Japan JPN

Masanori Ishimura NEDO, ExCo-alternate Japan JPN

Junichi Yoshida NEDO JPN

Keiichi Komoto MHIR JPN

*Participants of 2nd definition workshop in Vienna shall be listed.

PV for Transport Draft Workplan 1.0.3 (23Aug2017)iea-pvps.org/fileadmin/dam/public/workshop/PV_for_Transport/PV_for... · The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in November

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