Putting Rockets and Satellites into Orbit January 11, 2016 · 2020. 9. 15. · • Dnepr, Rokot, Kosmo- 3M, and Start-1 comprised of Former Soviet Union ICBM propulsion systems enter

Hawai`i Space Flight LaboratoryUniversity of Hawai`i at Mānoa

January 11, 2016

Director: Dr. Luke FlynnContact Info:

Email: [email protected]: 808-956-3138 (Hawaii Space Grant)

Web Site:http://www.hsfl.hawaii.edu

Putting Rockets and Satellites into Orbit

mailto:[email protected]

Outline Why are Small Sats Relevant: Economics of

Small Space Missions How did We Get There: Building to the ORS-4

Mission HSFL Mission Schedule and Future Plans

Acknowledgment: This talk is given on behalf of the HSFL, HSGC, and HIGP staff who helped to make the ORS-4 Mission a possibility.

2Property of HSFL

Demand for “Space” In less than 60 years of space flight, the world

has launched about 6500 satellites to space of which about 1000 are still operating…

In the next 5 years, 3 companies (SpaceX/Google: 4000, OneWeb: 900, Samsung: 6000) will attempt to launch almost 11,000 small satellites….. They plan upgrades on 18-month cycles…

Demand for space launch and small sats has shifted from Government to commercial groups.

3Property of HSFL

A View of the Launcher Market circa 2020

Payload Type

Market Trend

2013-2020

Launch ServicesMarket Size*

2020Traditional

Primary PlayersCommercialDisruptors

Large Satellites(> 4,000 kg)• Commercial GEO Comm• US Gov’t

Flat $2.5B(20-25 sats)

• Arianespace (Ariane 5)• ILS (Proton)• Sea Launch (Zenit 3)• ULA (Atlas V, Delta IV)

• SpaceX (FH)

Medium Satellites(~ 1,500 – 4,000 kg)• Commercial GEO Comm• US Gov’t

Flat $800M(~ 10 sats)

• Arianespace (Soyuz 2)• ILS (Angara-new)• ULA (Atlas V, Delta II & IV)

• SpaceX (F9)• Stratolauncher

Cargo/Supplies• Space Station

Growing $600M(~ 4 missions)

• Governments (Space Shuttle, Soyuz-Progress)

• SpaceX (F9-Dragon)• Orbital (Antares-

Cygnus)

Crew• Space Station

Emerging $500M - $1B(~ 2-4 missions)

• Governments (Space Shuttle, Soyuz)

• SpaceX (F9-Dragon)• ULA (Atlas V-CST-100

[Boeing] / Dreamchaser[SNC])

Mini-Small Satellites(~ 100 – 1,500 kg)• Commercial Imagery and Comm• US and Foreign Gov’ts

Growing $700M(15-20 sats)

• Orbital (Pegasus, Taurus, Minotaurs)

• Various FSU ex-ICBMs• Arianespace (Vega)

• SLC 5-O (SPARK 1)

Nano-Micro Satellites(< 100 kg)• Universities• US and Foreign Gov’ts

Growing $75M(~ 100 sats)

• None. No dedicated LVs in class. All currently rideshares

• Virgin Galactic (LauncherOne)

• Others with concepts

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* Addressable market to a U.S. company

Growing market and reduced competition makes Mini-Small Satellites segment attractive Property of HSFL

Market Inflection Point #2 in Late 1990s• Dnepr, Rokot, Kosmo-3M, and Start-1 comprised of Former Soviet Union

ICBM propulsion systems enter market and dominate commercial/int’l• In US, Congress passes Commercial Space Act in 1998 allowing retired US

ICBM systems to be used for launching US Gov’t payloads • Develop of all new, purely commercial SLVs are stymied as a result Orbital focuses on Minotaurs & Antares at expense of Pegasus & Taurus SpaceX starts then terminates Falcon 1 product line in 2009

Why Enter SLV Market Now?

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“Smallsat Launch Market Up For Grabs”Aviation Week & Space Technology Magazine, 8 Oct 2012

1990s 2010s2000s 2020s+

Market Inflection Point #1 in 19901st Launch of Pegasus - world's first privately developed space launch vehicle• 28 launches in 1990s• 12 launches in 2000s• 2 to date in 2010s

1st GenerationCommercial Small

Launch Arrives

2nd GenerationSmall Launch Dominated by Vehicles

Using Retired ICBM Systems

3rd GenerationNext Generation of Small Launchers Arrives; Small-to-Nano Sat Market

Growth; Emerging Mini-Micro Launch

Market Inflection Point #3 in Mid-2010s…Right Now!• Age-out issues and cost increases

with ICBM-based launchers• Proliferation of technology driving

growth in commercial small/mini/ micro/nano-sat markets; shift in US Gov’t policy towards smaller sats

“The multiplication of earth observation satellite projects in countries with no launch capability benefits to low cost launch service providers” – Rachel Villain, Director Space & Comm., Euroconsult, Feb 2010

US Air Force need is to “augment large launches with mid-size and smaller, on-demand launchers and nontraditional launch” – Dr. Beason, Chief Scientist, Air Force Space Command, Jan 2012

Source: Teal Group, Jun 2013

Mini- and Small-class sats dominate!

Property of HSFL

Chart1

< 20

20-100

100-1,500

1,500-4,000

4,000-5,500

5,500-6,500

> 6500

No. Payloads

Mass (kg)

Worldwide Projected Payloads 2013-2022

407

196

925

241

119

107

160

Sheet1

No. PayloadsSeries 2Series 3

< 204072.42

20-1001964.42

100-1,5009251.83

1,500-4,0002412.85

4,000-5,500119

5,500-6,500107

> 6500160

The “Current” Economics of Space

Northrop-Grumman engineer: “It costs our company $100M to test new technologies in space.”

“Potential Market” Current launch cost = $30-40M Current satellite cost ~ $100M HSFL small sat rideshare launch cost = $4.0M HSFL small sat cost = $3M

Potential Space Technology Scenario Satellite companies fly new technology on UH satellites Drops development costs Large companies not able to produce small sats at profitable cost. Strong partnerships based on internship program for technology

development Science Scenario – Launch and satellite costs at

10% of NASA mission development costs.6Property of HSFL

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Major Project Elements

•UH/HSFL maintains UHF/VHF receiving stations with Kauai CC and Honolulu CC staff.•Ground station provides command and control broadcast as well as data downlink capabilities.•Mission Ops Center on POST 5th floor under development with UH support.

Ground Station & Mission Operations

S/C SystemsAvionicsPowerTelecomThermalS/WH/W

Launch Vehicle and Launch Support• Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF)•Local launch facility and mission support •Modify existing PMRF launch pad for rail-fitted and modified VAFB Scout launcher.

• Kauai Test Facility (KTF)/ Sandia National Lab•Experience with solid rockets and missile design. Use Super-Strypi launch vehicle.•Can lift ~270 kg (594 pounds)to low-Earth orbit (400 km).•Heritage working with PMRF as on-site vehicle integrator and launch agent.

Integration and Test• Clean rooms in UH/POST will be used to assemble satellites.

–Systems integration–Thermo-vac testing–Vibration/shock testing–Payload spin balancing

Spacecraft• Partner with NASA Centers and others to advance small spacecraft design.•Design, build, launch, and operate 1-100-kg small satellite for science and education tasks.•Support technology validation missions as well as other University missions.

Instruments•The HSFL can call on a diverse group of instrument-developing faculty from HIGP and SOEST.

•A number of businesses in Hawaii also develop a wide array of instrumentation. The HSFL will partner with these organizations to provide technology demonstration opportunities.

•NASA Centers (Ames and JPL) are interested in joint technology missions.

Property of HSFL

HSFL/EE Integration & Test LaboratoryEE Space

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HSFL Integration & Test Equipment

Intlvac Thermal Vacuum Chamber1.6 m I.D. x 2.25 m long, 10-8 Torr

Vibration and Shock TableTests objects 1.2m x 1.2m

5-2200 Hz to 7000 kgf; 14000 kgf shock

Spin Balancer

Astro-Fein (Germany) ACS TestbedAir-bearing platform for 150 kg

Magnetic Field, Sun, GPS simulations

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HSFL Ground Stations

HSFL X-band Antenna

Affiliated Ground Stations: Alaska Space Facility (S-band) Surrey Space Centre/SSTL (UHF/VHF/S-band)

Kauai Community College UHF/VHF/(S-band)

NRL’s MC3 Ground Station @UHUHF/S-band

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Mission Operations Support Tool (MOST)

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• Real-time Monitor & Control Tool• Easily configurable for new vehicles

using COSMOS Editor• Based on LUNOPS tool used for

Clementine Lunar Mission• Suitable for UAVs, rovers, etc.

• Additional Uses: Mission Planning Simulations Training and Rehearsals Trending & Analysis Anomaly Resolution

Orbit Display

Mission Times

SubsystemPanels

Command Input

Attitude Display

MOST Mode

C&W Panel

Mission Events Display

Strip Charts

Property of HSFL

HSFL Small Satellites

12Property of HSFL

HawaiiSat Baseline

Diameter: 26.5in (672 mm) Height: 29.3in (745 mm) Mass: 63 kg (w/o payload) Solar panels: 18 Payload Volume: 3616 in^3 Payload Energy: 150WHr/24hrs

550km Sun Sync Orbit, LVLH ROM First Platform Cost: $4M

Subsequent Units: ~$2.5M

HiakaSat Variant

Diameter: 25.5in (647 mm) Height: 15.9in (403 mm) Mass: 38 kg (w/o payload) Solar panels: 10 Payload Volume: 1760 in^3 Payload Energy: 80WHr/24hrs

550km Sun Sync Orbit, LVLH ROM First Platform Cost: $1.8M

Subsequent Units: ~$1.3M

Hawai‘iSat-1 Mission: HiakaSat

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Experimental Remote Sensing Mission: Thermal Hyperspectral Imaging

HS-1 Team

Mission Goal:• Remote sensing capability in Low-Earth orbit for advanced

technology and science instrumentation.

HiakaSat Specifications Diameter: 64.7 cm (25.5 in) Height: 40.3 cm (15.9in) Mass: 55 kg (w/payload) Solar panels: 10 Solar cells per panel: 19 Total number of solar cells: 190 Payload mass: 7.26 kg (16 lb) Payload volume: 10x16x10in

(279 x 406 x 254 mm)

Fabry-Perot FTIR New UH technology Patent pending Development to TRL 4

funded by DARPA Uncooled 320x256

microbolometer array FLIR Photon 320 Sensitivity 20 mK or

better at 30 Hz framerates, F-number 1.4

Camera inside a pressure vessel

Space Ultra-Compact Hyperspectral Imager (SUCHI)

Prime payload for ORS-4 mission to launch from PMRF in 2014

Design orbit 475-525 km 94º incl. Design life is 2 years UHF/VHF C&C and S-band data 3-axis control with magtorquers &

reaction wheel 2 HSFL CCD imagers + SUCHI Funded by UH, NASA, ORS

Property of HSFL

HiakaSat Integration Completed

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Motor Development Accomplishments – Aerojet-Rocketdyne

LEO-1 Complete Thru Static Test (Sept 2013)

LEO-7 Complete Thru Static Test (Aug 2012)

Designed, Fabricated, Assembled , Demonstrated All 3 Motors Sets

LEO-46 Complete Thru Static Test (Aug 13, 2014)

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A single large rocket motor costs $180M and years to develop.AR developed 3 new motors for less than $25M over 4 years.

ORS-4 Mission: Fully Funded for November 3, 2015 Launch The Operationally Responsive Space Office with support

from the Sandia National Laboratories, University of Hawaii and other partners is developing a orbital small launch vehicle. Goal is to deliver 300kg to Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Develop and test fly three new solid rocket motors from

Aerojet-Rocketdyne. Future mission cost is $15M/launch compared to +$30M

for other US alternatives. UH/HSFL’s HiakaSat will fly as the primary payload on the

Integrated Payload Stack UH hyperspectral imager flies on HiakaSat.

Partnerships Developed Space Act Agreement with NASA Ames:

Development of HiakaSat Strategic Alliance Agreement with Aerojet-

Rocketdyne: Solid rocket motors Pacific Missile Range Facility: Support for all HSFL

activities Sandia National Laboratory: Rocket development Alaska Aerospace Corporation: Future launch

opportunities for small sats *Northrop-Grumman: Space technology test-bed on

HiakaSat * USPACOM: Discussions and guidance regarding

Department of Defense future needs.

Super-Strypi

AJR motor test -2012

HiakaSat

SUCHI

16Property of HSFL

Super-Strypi Orbtial Capacity

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Launch Sequence

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First Vertical Lift of Rocket

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Launch Pictures – Ignition and Rail Travel

20Property of HSFL

Launch Pictures – Free Flight – 1st Stage Burn

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Launch Pictures – Rocket Failure

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Launcher Aftermath

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Failure Investigation Ongoing: Shroud material shed during flight

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Electron and Buckley: Small Launch in Hawaii

Electron: RocketLab USA Price: $4.9M Payload: 150 kg to 500 km orbit Propellant: Liquid engines: LOX/Kerosene (RP-1) Launch Sites: New Zealand, Hawaii, Alaska Anticipated launch rate: 30-40/year

Buckley: HSFL, AAC, RocketLab Price: $15M Payload: 310 kg to 500 km orbit (new components) Propellant: 3 Aerojet-Rocketdyne solid motors Launch Sites: Hawaii (2), Alaska Anticipated Launch Rate: 1-2/year

Commonalities Leverage common launch sites and infrastructure Common avionics Common guidance, navigation, and control software Common launch teams

25Property of HSFL

HSFL Mission Schedule August 2015: Project IMUA suborbital launch from NASA Wallops:

successful launch of Pip November 2015: ORS-4 Mission, orbital launch from PMRF:

unsuccessful launch of HiakaSat Spring 2016: HSFL student mission, suborbital launch of new on-

board computer, scheduled from Spaceport America, New Mexico. April 2016: 1st Electron Orbital Launch from New Zealand. August 2016: Project IMUA suborbital launch from NASA Wallops,

multi-functional CC payload December 2016: Zero Point Frontiers suborbital launch from

PMRF: LEO-46 1st stage test December 2017: Orbital launch from PMRF: 1st Buckley launch,

commercial. December 2017: NEUTRON-1 launch: NASA CLI launch to 550km. TBD: TRACSat: DoD Launch.

26Property of HSFL

TRACSat: RADCAL satellite replacement TRACSat would replace the failed RADCAL satellite that was used for radar calibration. Dr. Trevor Sorensen led an HSFL team to pass an Air Force Critical Design Review in 2011.

Based on 100-kg HawaiiSat bus. Uses COSMOS flight software and command/control software. HSFL is familiar with all transponders.

Proposed project management may be SPAWAR. Total budget is ~$8M to ARL for 18-24 month development.

27Property of HSFL

Y

ZX

SST-177C-Band

Transponder

MD2000C-1C-Band

Transponder

LRT-2100X-Band

Transponder

EPS – PVRegulator

EPS – PowerDistribution

Unit

EPS – SafingModule

EPS – BatteryPack (1 of 2)

EPS – BatteryBalancer

COMEnclosure

OBCS Enclosure

IMU, Shielded(2x)

EPS – BatteryPack (1 of 2)

X

Z

Y

IMU

GPS Radio (2x)

Dosimeter(Internal)

Magnetorquer(1 of 3)

Magnetorquer(2 of 3)

Magnetorquer(3 of 3)

MagnetorquerControl Unit (2x)

Star Tracker

Nominal GravityGradient Boom &

Mechanism (Stowed)

CERTO Beacon

CERTO Splitter(1 of 2)

CERTO Splitter(2 of 2)

TRACSat Internal Concept Configuration

Engaging the UH System: Workforce Development

Distributed campus approach to workforce development. CC’s provide technical Associate Degrees – Build CubeSats 4-yr provide depth in Bachelor’s Degrees – Build HawaiiSats

Present Status and Future Plan: Kauai: Small satellite communications and electronics fabrication,

CubeSat development Maui: Space debris surveillance and removal – NASA JSC interest Hawaii: Software development for small satellites, test bed for

HSFL lunar rovers Oahu: CubeSat development as Project IMUA at HCC, WCC, LCC,

KCC (won national award for CanSat); satellite data reception at UH-Manoa, HCC; mission control at UH-Manoa, small sat development at UH-Manoa; launch vehicle integration and safety training at WCC and UH-Manoa.

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COSMOS: Mission Control

CubeSats

Property of HSFL

Putting Rockets and Satellites into OrbitOutlineDemand for “Space”A View of the Launcher Market circa 2020Why Enter SLV Market Now?The “Current” Economics of SpaceMajor Project ElementsSlide Number 8Slide Number 9Slide Number 10Mission Operations Support Tool (MOST)HSFL Small SatellitesHawai‘iSat-1 Mission: HiakaSat HiakaSat Integration CompletedMotor Development Accomplishments – Aerojet-RocketdyneSlide Number 16Super-Strypi Orbtial CapacityLaunch SequenceFirst Vertical Lift of RocketLaunch Pictures – Ignition and Rail TravelLaunch Pictures – Free Flight – 1st Stage BurnLaunch Pictures – Rocket FailureLauncher AftermathFailure Investigation Ongoing: Shroud material shed during flightElectron and Buckley: Small Launch in HawaiiHSFL Mission ScheduleTRACSat: RADCAL satellite replacementEngaging the UH System: Workforce Development