PURITAN REFORMED THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY A SYSTEMATIC ... · PDF file1 puritan reformed theological seminary a systematic doctrine overview of angels, demons, and satan a paper submitted

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PURITAN REFORMED THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

A SYSTEMATIC DOCTRINE OVERVIEW OF

ANGELS, DEMONS, AND SATAN

A PAPER SUBMITTED TO FOR DR. JOEL R. BEEKE THEOLOGY PROPER

BY MICHAEL M. DEWALT

GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN SPRING 2009

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Contents:

I. Angels

A. Introduction

B. Biblical Titles Given to Angels

C. Attributes of Angels

D. Specific Names Given for Angels

E. High Ranking Angels

F. The Angel of the Lord

II. Satan

G. Introduction

H. Biblical Titles Given to Satan

I. Origin of Satan

J. Attributes of Satan

K. Interaction of Satan

L. Defeating Satan

M. Destiny of Satan

III. Demons

N. Introduction

O. Biblical Titles Given to Demons

P. Attributes of Demons

Q. Duties of Demons

R. Activity of Demons During the Church Age

S. Destiny of Demons

T. Demon Possession

U. Introduction of New Demonology

V. New Demonology Explained

W. New Demonology Refuted

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1 Peter 1:12 - It was revealed to them that they were serving not themselves but

you, in the things that have now been announced to you through those who

preached the good news to you by the Holy Spirit sent from heaven, things into

which angels long to look.

Preface:

In today’s culture, people need to know the truth about many spiritual things,

including spiritual beings—that is, angels, demons, and Satan. These truths are very

important as occult practices are becoming more widely practiced and accepted, and they

are also helpful for any believer as he or she grows in the Christian faith. Seeing and

knowing how Satan works, what demons do, and how angels may help, can aid believers

in standing firm and fighting against Satan.

The reason that I decided to do this particular study and put it together as a paper

is because there are not many sources or materials that are easily readable on this topic;

the doctrines of Satan, demons and angels can be very hard to find at times. I wanted to

make something easy to understand for those who want to look up specific details in

Scripture of matters dealing with these doctrines. This study covers the doctrines of

angelology, Satanology, and demonology—each showing from Scripture their common

names, what they do, why they do it, where they do it, and the specific ways they work.

This will all be laid out and explained from Scripture alone so that the reader can learn

them in a systematic view.

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Angelology

Introduction

Believers today must have a clear, biblical understanding of angelology.

Unfortunately, some believers have accepted ideas about angels that have no biblical

foundation. These inaccurate views often affect how believers interpret life crises, current

events, and so much more. It is a blessing to know that God has preserved His Word for

believers today. In light of that fact, one of our responsibilities is to take the Scriptures

and develop reliable doctrines that come straight from the text. Accurate Bible study is

only achieved when individuals set aside their presuppositions and examine the text at

face value. The responsibility to develop doctrine free from personal bias and common

misunderstandings also applies to our study of angels. The following pages are a humble

attempt to bring together Scriptural references to angels and make logical conclusions

from the text.

Biblical Titles Given to Angels

The word angel itself is derived from the Greek word angelos, or the Hebrew

malak. This is translated as “messenger”—that is, “one who executes the purpose and

will of the one whom they serve.” This particular word is used both for humans such as

John the Baptist (Matthew 11:10) and for spirit beings (Luke 1:11; Psalm 104:4).

A common title given to angels is ministers. In Hebrew this is mishrathim, which

can be translated as “those who minister as attendants of God.” An example of this is

found in Revelation 8:3.

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Another title is hosts, which is from the Hebrew word sava. The translation means

“vast army of angels” and is used in I Samuel 17:45, 47; Psalm 89:6,8; Luke 2:13 (at

Jesus’ birth).

Chariots is another title given, which describes angelic armies that accomplish

God’s purposes. This is found in II Kings 6:17 and Psalm 68:17.

Several other titles given to angels include watchers (Daniel 4:13,17), angels of

light (II Corinthians 11:13-15), sons of the mighty (Psalm 29:1-2; Psalm 89:6), sons of

God—or bene Elohim (Job 1:6, 2:1, 38:7), and holy ones—that is, beings created by God

without any flaw or sin (Jude 14-15; Psalm 89:6-7; Job 5:1; Zechariah 14:5).

Attributes of Angels

Angels are personal beings, as seen through many different attributes. For

example, they are created by God (Colossians 1:16), and are chosen and holy (I Timothy

5:21; Matthew 25:31). They understand God’s holiness and worthiness (Hebrews 1:7;

Revelation 4) and marvel at redemption (I Peter 1:11-12). Angels rejoice when a sinner

repents (Luke 15:10), they fellowship with, worship, and serve God faithfully (Hebrews

1:7), and they experience joy (Job 38:7). Though they are personal beings, they also have

many distinctions from mankind. Some of these distinctions are that they have no weight

or physical dimensions (Hebrews 1:7), they do no procreate or die (Matthew 22:30; Luke

20:36), and they do not marry (Mark 12:25). Angels are above man; as man is “lower

than the angels” (Hebrews 2:7), and they do not need redemption as man does because

they have never rebelled.

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Angels have been granted abilities and powers by God, which include them being

able to intervene in human affairs (Acts 5:17-20), destroying the wicked (Acts 12:23),

controlling the earth’s elements (Revelation 7:1, 16:8-9), and carrying on warfare when

needed (Daniel 10:13; Revelation 12:7).

Specific Names Given for Angels

There are specific names given for certain angels throughout the Bible. Two of

these appear several times—Michael and Gabriel.

Michael means “who is like God?” There are many biblical references to Michael:

Daniel 10:13 refers to him as a “chief prince” of heaven; in Jude 9 he is called the

archangel, and disputes with Satan over the body of Moses; and in Revelation 12:7 he is

seen as a military leader of God’s army as “Michael and his angels” fight the dragon.

Michael also fights the “Prince of Persia” to get to Daniel in Daniel 10:13-21, and is the

only one who stands firm with Daniel against the spiritual forces. Also in the book of

Daniel (12:1) we see Michael as the great prince and protector of God’s people.

In relation to contemporary/theological issues, some later Jewish scholars

associate Michael with the Shechinah, and Jehovah’s Witnesses claim Michael is a pre-

incarnate Christ.

Gabriel means “mighty one of God.” He appears as a man in Daniel 9:21 (“the

man Gabriel”), and Daniel 10 (“the one [who appeared to me] in human form”). He also

is mentioned in the book of Luke as “the angel Gabriel” (Luke 1:26), and is undoubtedly

an angelic being as he proclaims, “I am Gabriel, who stands in the presence of God”

(Luke 1:19). Gabriel physically interacts with man in most instances—for example, in

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Daniel 9:21 he talks with and gives instruction to Daniel; in Daniel 10:18 he touches and

strengthens Daniel; he appears to Zechariah and tells him of John’s birth and then

silences him because of his unbelief (Luke 1:19); and he also appears to Mary and tells

her that she will bear the Christ, tells her of His purpose, and tells her that Elizabeth is

also pregnant (Luke 1:26). His own human-like actions are seen in the Scriptures as he

speaks with a human voice (Daniel 10:17-20), has the ability to physically touch things

(Daniel 8:18, 10:18), and stands in a particular location (Luke 1:11-12).

High Ranking Angels

There are different rankings of angels seen throughout Scripture. The first is the

Cherubim, who seem to be the highest class of angelic beings, which were created with

indescribable beauty and power. Ezekiel 1:5-14 describes them in the following way:

they are found in human form, with four faces and four wings, straight legs with hooves,

and they gleam like bronze. Under the wings are found four human hands; the wings

touch one another, two wings cover their body and two are spread out above. The four

faces are as follows: one as a man, the face of a lion on the right, the face of a bull on the

left, and the face of an eagle; and the faces do not turn.

In Genesis 3:24 they are placed at the Garden of Eden with flaming swords to

guard the tree of life. They are also found in Exodus 25:17-22 as two cherubim are to be

on top of the mercy seat of the ark—wings upward, facing each other. Further, in II

Chronicles 3:10-13 two cherubim were placed in the Holy of Holies; their wingspan was

20 cubits, and their image was on the veil.

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Cherubim have several duties, including proclaiming God’s glorious presence,

sovereignty, and holiness; and also to proclaim to men the transcendent and

unapproachable God, since they forbid entrance to paradise and guard His presence in the

tabernacle.

The second ranking of angels is the Seraphim. They are a special class of angels

associated with the glory and holiness of God, and are mentioned only in Isaiah 6. The

Hebrew word for seraphim means “burning ones.” Their description (found in Isaiah 6:2-

3) are as follows: they have six wings—two covering their face, two covering their body,

and two to fly with.

The duties of the seraphim include praising God perfectly as they are absolutely

consumed with devotion to Him. They praise in a specific way as found in Scripture, as

they call to one another “Holy, Holy, Holy, is the Lord of Hosts, the whole earth is full of

His glory.” They also praise God’s perfect holiness and proclaim the need for men to be

cleansed of sin. In Isaiah 6:6-7 it is the seraphim that puts a burning coal onto Isaiah’s

lips so that he may have pure speech as he talks with the Lord.

Another name and ranking for angels is Living Creatures. These in particular are

known for their extreme intelligence. They are found in Revelation 4, where only four of

them are mentioned. They differ from the cherubim and seraphim, but they do have some

similarities. For example, in appearance they are covered with eyes within and around,

and they have six wings (Revelation 4:6-9). Their main duty is to be singing “Holy, Holy,

Holy is the LORD God, the Almighty, who was and is and is to come.” They also praise

and worship God in other ways, as seen in Revelation 4:8,9; 5:8-14; 7:11; 19:4.

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The Angel of the LORD

The Angel of the LORD—often mentioned as the Angel of God—is a heavenly

being sent by God as His representative and spokesman. The Hebrew words for this name

are Malak Jehovah, or, “messenger of Jehovah.” Many scholars believe this Angel to be

the pre-incarnate Christ. Proponents of this view assert that names given to Jesus in the

Old Testament were preparing people to be able to understand His work after incarnation.

The Angel of the LORD as the pre-incarnate Christ can be seen in John 1:14, 18, and 14:9

as the Son is the visible God of the New Testament; just as He was the visible

representative of God in the Old Testament. Both the Angel of the LORD and the Son

were sent by God and had similar ministries. Furthermore, in the Old Testament,

interactions between the Angel of the LORD and mankind reveal that He is often treated

as if He were God. Also, in the New Testament, the wording is more ambiguous. Instead

of using the Angel of the LORD, an angel of the LORD (Luke 2:9) is used. This shift

further supports the idea that the Angel of the LORD is the pre-incarnate Christ because

the appearances of this Angel cease after the Son’s incarnation.

Detailed biblical information concerning the Angel of the LORD is as follows:

His functions and appearances where He is identified as the LORD by humans are found

several times throughout Scripture. For example, Hagar talks to the LORD in the

wilderness (Genesis 16:7, 21:17), Abraham talks to the LORD at Isaac’s sacrifice (Genesis

22:1), Moses talks to the LORD at the burning bush (Exodus 3:2), and Gideon talks to the

LORD under the terebinth tree (Judges 6:11). The Angel of the LORD is found as protector

and provider for the LORD’s people as He led the Israelites in the wilderness (Exodus

14:19, 23:20, 32:34) and promised protection for those who seek the LORD in Psalm 34:7.

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He is also the agent of destruction and judgment, as seen in many instances, such as when

He stood in the way of Balaam (Numbers 22:22-35), told Israel of its disobedience

(Judges 2:1-4), judged Israel for David’s sin (II Samuel 24:16-17; I Chronicles 21:12-30),

and destroyed Sennacherib’s army (II Kings 19:35; II Chronicles 32:21; Isaiah 37:36).

David also prayed for the Angel of the LORD to deliver him from his enemies in Psalm

35:5. The Angel of the LORD also offers guidance and gives instruction. He guided Israel

in the wilderness (Exodus 23:23), gave instruction to Elijah as to where he was to go (I

Kings 19:7; II Kings 1:3.15), instructed Joseph about Jesus’ birth and warned him about

Herod’s plan to kill Him (Matthew 1:20-24, 2:13), He told Philip where he was to go

minister (Acts 8:26), explained the future ministry of Samson to his parents (Judges 13:3-

21), and He promised and gave the name for John the Baptist (Luke 1:11).

The Angel of the LORD’s name—Malak YWH—is a special title that denotes a

high status; one of the LORD Himself. His identity is regarded through scriptural record as

equal with YWH. For example: in Genesis 16:10 He makes the promise to Hagar that her

son will have many descendants. A promise like this can only be made by God alone (in

Genesis 17 the LORD appears to Abram and makes the same promise). Further proof of

this high status is seen in Exodus 3:2-6 as it seems the Angel of the LORD and the LORD

are one. In Judges 6 the Angel of the LORD appears, and the LORD is also talking;

throughout the verses the names interchange between simply the LORD and the Angel of

the LORD (for example: “the Angel of the LORD appeared to him and said” [v.12]/ “and

the LORD turned to him and said” [v.14]). The distinct word for YWH can be read in

Zechariah 1:8-14 as the Angel of the LORD intercedes, and in Zechariah 3 as the Angel of

the LORD calls out to YWH to rebuke Satan.

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Satanology

Introduction

Contrary to some people's opinion, Satan exists; he is very real and very powerful.

There are many Scripture references found on him, and it is extremely beneficial and

important to understand the character and workings of him so that we don’t fall into his

craftiness and perversion.

Biblical Titles Given to Satan1

There are numerous titles given to Satan throughout Scripture; names which

clearly describe his character. The title Satan itself means “adversary” (Matthew 4:10),

and his other most commonly known name—the Devil—means “slanderer” (Matthew

4:1). He is also known as the Evil One, which has a descriptive meaning of “intrinsically

evil” (John 17:15); Great Red Dragon, meaning “destructive creature” (Revelation

12:3,7,9); and Serpent of Old, which refers to him being the deceiver in Eden (Revelation

12:9). Revelation 9:11 refers to Satan both as Abaddon (“destruction”) and Apollyon

(“destroyer”); II Corinthians 6:15 gives him the title Belial (“worthless”); Matthew 12:24

refers to him as Beelzebul (“Lord of the fly”); and I Peter 5:8 gives him the title

Adversary—which his title Satan also refers to, but here has the specific meaning of

“opponent.” He is also called God of this world, which describes his control over the

philosophy of the world (II Corinthians 4:4); Ruler of this world, as he rules in the

world’s systems (John 12:31); and Prince of the power of the air, as he has control of

1 This information is based on a chart found on page 293 in the Moody Handbook of Theology by Paul Enns, 1989.

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unbelievers (Ephesians 2:2). Further descriptions of him are included in common titles

such as Enemy (“opponent”—Matthew 13:28), Tempter (soliciting people to sin—

Matthew 4:3), Murderer (leading people to eternal death—John 8:44), Liar (perverting

the truth—John 8:44), and Accuser (opposing believers before God—Revelation 12:10).

Origin of Satan

Though there is not a lot in Scripture about the origin of Satan, it does share

certain facts about him. According to Isaiah 14:12 and Ezekiel 28:13-15, he was

originally created as a specimen of wisdom, beauty, and perfection. He was in direct

contact with God’s throne and God’s glory as a guardian cherub. Scripture also speaks of

his rebellion, which came about as he became proud and obsessed with himself—so

much so that he was determined to overthrow the throne of God and establish himself in

God’s place (Isaiah 14:13-14; Ezekiel 28:15-17). Because of his rebellion, he fell and lost

his glorious position. Therefore, he no longer has the same kind of direct access to God’s

throne, though he still has some access to heaven (Job 1:6; 2:1-2,7). Currently, his

primary residence is the earth; and although he has been overthrown his destruction will

not be consummated until end times (Isaiah 14:12; Ezekiel 28:17-19; Luke 10:18).

Attributes of Satan

Satan was created to be a guardian cherub, but he is now the ruler of everything in

opposition to God in this world. Although he lost some glory from his moral fall, he is

still an angelic spirit who has authority and incredible power, even over things such as the

weather and disease. He is the head of the demonic hosts, along with this world’s evil

systems. Satan can directly control (possession) and indirectly control (through our

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fleshly desires) individuals; he can also control groups of people and even entire

governments. Examples of these things can be found in Scripture, in Genesis 3: 15; Job

2:13-19; Ezekiel 28:14; Matthew 25:41; Mark 3:23-26, 9:34, 12:24; John 12:31, 13:2,27;

II Corinthians 4:4; Ephesians 2:2, 6:11-12; II Thessalonians 2:9; Jude 9 and Revelation

2:9-10, 12:7-9.

Satan’s character is exactly that of his entire being: anything that opposes God;

and everything he does to oppose God stems from his pride and rebellion against God.

Satan is a deceiver. He makes himself appear as the "Angel of Light;" he twists God's

Word and God's work. He is a liar, false accuser, murderer, slanderer, tempter, destroyer,

and is completely malicious. These characteristics are seen throughout Scripture, in

Genesis 3:4,13; Job 1:9-10; Isaiah 14:13-14; Ezekiel 28:16-18; Matthew 4:1,6; Mark

1:12; Luke 4:2,9; John 8:44; Acts 13:10; II Corinthians 11:14; II Thessalonians 2:3-4,9; I

Timothy 3:6; and I Peter 5:8.

Interaction of Satan

The information about the types of interactions Satan has with others is found

clearly in specific Scripture verses. One interaction we are shown is his interaction with

God the Father. Although Satan is now the ruler of the evils of the earth, with his mind

set on opposing God, we see that he is still under the sovereign authority of God. Satan is

not God’s coequal. In fact, Satan is even required to approach the throne of God and give

report of his actions. He has great powers, but they are only as great to the extent that

God gives him permission to express them. Even with Satan's mindset being contrary to

God, God uses him to do His will. Examples of this interaction between God and Satan

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can be read in Job 1:6-2:7; II Samuel 24:1; I Chronicles 21:1; II Corinthians 12:7;

Galatians 4:12-15; Luke 22:1-6; John 13:2,3,21-30; I Corinthians 5:5; and I Timothy

1:20.

Scripture also shows us Satan’s interaction with God the Son—Jesus Christ. It

was Satan who caused Judas to betray Christ to His death, but it was all in the will of God

for Christ to suffer death. It is through Christ's death (which required the incarnation) that

Satan’s power over death and over individuals is broken. This is why Satan tried to tempt

Christ into taking a “short-cut,” which would not require His death. Even Peter was

called “Satan” for not wanting Christ to suffer death! Interaction between Jesus and Satan

are found in Matthew 16:23; Luke 22:1-6; John 13:2,3,21-30; Hebrews 2:14; and I John

3:8-10.

Satan also has interaction with God the Holy Spirit. In this, Satan opposes the

work of the Holy Spirit, and aims to interfere with it through his interaction with people.

Satan has many workings with people. There are two types of people that exist:

unbelievers and believers. Unbelievers are at the mercy of the Devil and are considered

children of the Devil. Satan works to control people through the world’s systems and

through sinful, fleshly lusts. His primary goal is to keep the Word of God from getting to

the unregenerate heart and therefore works against it either through hindering it from

being spread, or by blinding an individual from truth. Examples of Satan’s interaction

with the unbeliever are seen in Matthew 4:15; Luke 8:12; John 8:44; Acts 13:10, 26:18;

Ephesians 2:1-3; I Thessalonians 2:18; and I John 3:8-10.

In relation to believers, Satan opposes God through His believers. Satan can, and

will, oppress believers through physical pain and suffering (though not all physical

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ailments are from Satan). He tries to make a shipwreck of believers’ testimonies and lives

by causing them to fall into sin. Satan is the author and dispenser of false doctrine. He

tempts believers to go against the Word of God and follow their own desires, and he

accuses believers before God the Father. God can use Satan's oppression to chastise

disobedient brothers; but ultimately, God will use His saints to crush Satan. Examples of

Satan’s interaction with believers can be found in Genesis 3:15; Zechariah 3:1; Matthew

13:39; Luke 13:16; Acts 5:3; Romans 16:20; I Corinthians 5:5; 7:5; II Corinthians 12:7;

Ephesians 4:27, 6:11-12; I Timothy 1:20, 3:7, 5:15; II Timothy 2:26; James 3:15; I Peter

5:8; I John 3:8-10; and Revelation 2:9-10, 3:20-25.

Defeating Satan

In our constant, everyday battle with Satan, we need to follow God and His Word

if we are to defeat Satan. We need to rely on God through faith and prayer, and to study

His Word in order to determine what is truth and what is not. When Jesus was tempted by

Satan, He used Scripture to refute Him—and we need to be prepared to do the same. It is

important that we guard our lives and make sure they match what the Scriptures say; and

we also need to strengthen each other by wholesome Christian fellowship, edification,

and forgiveness. There are many Scripture references which highlight the importance of

these instructions, including verses such as II Corinthians 2:11; Ephesians 4:27, 6:13-18;

I Timothy 3:7; II Timothy 2:26; James 4:7; and I Peter 5:8.

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Destiny of Satan

Although the blood of Christ has ultimately defeated Satan, he will still try to rule

and attempt to overcome the world and heaven. However, the Scriptures tell us in detail

what Satan’s destiny truly is.

According to the view of historic premillennialism, the Lord will allow Satan to

have his complete way on the earth during the tribulation period. In this time, Satan will

begin to deceive the world into following his directly-controlled servants: the Antichrist

and the false prophet.

Revelation 13 tells us that his first attempt against God will be during the rise of

the all-encompassing world system of Satan, during the tribulation. He will gather

approximately one-third of his angels with him to attempt to overthrow heaven. But

Michael and other heavenly angels will defeat him.

In Revelation 12 we are told of his second attempt, which will be at the end of the

tribulation period when Satan will gather all the world’s forces with him at the battle of

Armageddon. It is here that he will meet with Christ's return, and with Christ’s army.

Satan's army will be defeated and sent to the Lake of Fire, but he will be bound and

thrown into the Abyss (Revelation 16:12-16, 19:17-21).

The third and final attempt of Satan will take place after he has been bound for

1,000 years and then released. He will take this opportunity to deceive many and gather

yet another army to oppose God. At the battle of Gog and Magog he will again be

defeated, and this time will be also thrown into the Lake of Fire to reside for eternity

(Revelation 20:7-11; Matthew 25:41).

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Additional Information and Resources

There is debate whether or not Isaiah 14:4-21 is referring to Satan, since it does

not do so with absolute clarity. However, it is a common opinion that the passage is most

likely talking about him. This “Satan” passage falls in the context of a taunt from Israel

towards the King of Babylon, however, the context from verse 2 sounds like the

millennial state of Israel, and not just post-exile Israel. Babylon is used quite frequently

throughout the book of Revelation to describe the sate in the end times. Also, verse 12

uses the phrase “fallen from heaven,” which was used similarly by Christ to refer to Satan

in Luke 10:18. The phrase “fallen from heaven” also implies a reference to a non-human

being.

Because of these parallels to other passages—which are unarguably talking about

Satan—it is likely that these verses in Isaiah are speaking of him as well. If, however, this

passage is not talking about Satan, it is in all probability talking about someone directly

(possessed) or indirectly controlled by him.

Ezekiel 28:11-19 is similar to the above passage (Isaiah 14:4-21) in content,

ambiguity, and my personal application/position. This passage is very logically referring

to Satan for several reasons. First, in the preceding passage in Ezekiel 28:2 is addressed

to the “Prince of Tyre,” but this passage (v.12) is addressed to the “King of Tyre.” There

are many things noted which describe non-human characteristics, such as mentioning this

“king” was in the garden of Eden, that he was anointed guardian cherub, and refers to

him as being “blameless” until unrighteousness was found in him and he was cast as a

“profane thing.”

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Demonology

Introduction

It is essential that Christians understand the biblical perspective of demonology;

therefore, the following compilation of statements and Scripture references will clearly

outline this topic, and will effectively look at the doctrine of demonology—removing all

prejudices that one may have in mind. In order to remove such prejudices, one must

clearly see what the Scriptures indicate, as will be done below.

Biblical Titles Given to Demons

There are a myriad of titles given to demons throughout the Bible—including the

very name demon (Matthew 9:33, 11:18, 12:24, 17:18; Mark 7:26, 29-30; Luke 4:35,

8:29, 9:42, 11:14; John 7:20, 8:48-49,52, 10:20-21). Other common names include

devil’s angels (Matthew 25:41), dragon’s angels (Revelation 12:7,9), and they are also

described as disguising themselves as “ministers of righteousness” (II Corinthians 11:14-

15). The majority of titles given to demons are titles which describe them as being a

certain kind of spirit. For example, there are references to a blind and mute spirit

(Matthew 12:22), deaf spirit (Mark 9:17), mute spirit (Luke 11:14), deaf and mute spirit

combined (Mark 9:25), spirit of infirmity (Luke 13:11), foul spirit (Mark 9:25; Revelation

18:2), lying spirit (I Kings 22:23; II Chronicles 18:22), seducing spirit (I Timothy 4:1),

spirit of divination (Acts 16:16), and evil spirit (I Samuel 16:14-16,23, 18:10, 19:9; Luke

7:12, 8:2; Acts 19:12,13,15,16).

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There are also spirits known as familiar spirits—that is, necromancers (in

Hebrew, owb). Examples of these demons in particular can be found in Leviticus 19:31,

20:6,27; Deuteronomy 18:11; I Samuel 28:3,7-9; II Kings 21:6, 23:24; I Chronicles

10:13; II Chronicles 33:6; and Isaiah 8:19, 19:3, 29:4. And the most commonly referred

to title for demons is a title used 28 times: unclean spirit. The Greek term is akathartos,

which means foul. Scriptures using this title include Matthew 10:1, 12:43; Mark 1:23, 26-

27, 3:11,30, 5:2,8,13, 6:7, 7:25; Luke 4:33,36, 6:18, 8:29, 9:42, 11:24; Acts 5:16, 8:7,

10:14,28, 11:8; I Corinthians 7:14; II Corinthians 6:17; Ephesians 5:5; and Revelation

16:13, 18:2.

Attributes of Demons

There are many known attributes of demons, as shown throughout Scripture. They

are intellectual and voluntary agents (Luke 4:34; Mark 5:10) and as such, they are able to

think, speak, and act—specifically through a person over whom they have acquired

control (Luke 4:33-35,41, 8:28,30; Acts 19:15-16). Other ways in which they are able to

take on physical attributes is through people by spiritistic medium. For example, they use

physical phenomena such as levitations and telekinesis, and also psychic phenomena

including spiritistic visions, automatic writing, speaking in trance, and tumble moving.

As metaphysical phenomena they are seen as ghosts, and they are also used in magic

phenomena.

Their intellect is shown as they know who Jesus Christ is, calling Him the “Son of

the Most High God” (Mark 1:24, 5:7) and bowing before Him (Mark 5:6). They are

shown as imploring Christ for favors (Luke 8:28, 32; Mark 5:7), worshiping Him (Mark

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3:11), and obeying Him (Matthew 8:16) as every spirit is subject and under the

sovereignty of Christ (I Peter 3:22). However, they do not display a saving knowledge of

Christ (James 2:19), as they are ruled by Satan (Matthew 12:24, 25:41; Luke 11:15).

Another sign of their intellect is that they are able to discern between those who

are and are not sealed by God (Revelation 9:4), and can comprehend the future and their

own doom (Matthew 8:29).

Demons also display emotion—showing fear (Luke 8:28) and trembling (James

2:19), and have supernatural strength (Mark 5:3; Acts 19:16). Revelation 9 describes

demons as having the ability to afflict men—specifically in vv.1-11 as they painfully

torment men to the point of them preferring to die, and in vv.13-19 as they are shown as

the ones responsible for killing one-third of mankind.

Physically, demons are purely spiritual beings (Matthew 8:16; Luke 10:17,20) and

therefore do not have flesh and bones (Luke 24:39).

Duties of Demons

The duties of demons are countless, as they obey Satan and serve his purposes.

Under Satan’s rule they never cease in promoting satanic deception and wickedness—

participating in the character and devotion of their leader. They are ever-eager to divert

men from the Truth; blinding them from it (II Corinthians 4:2-4; I Timothy 4:1-4; I John

4:1-4).

Another duty which they act on is disabling the bodies of humans. Scripture gives

numerous accounts of this, including examples of demons making people mute (Matthew

9:32-33, 12:22; Mark 9:17-29) and blind (Matthew 12:22), causing deformity (Luke

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13:11-17) and epilepsy (Matthew 17:15-18). Although there are many examples of

illnesses being caused by demons, it is important to understand that the Word of God

does not attribute all physical illnesses to demons. There are several verses that clearly

distinguish natural ailments from demonic ailments, including Matthew 4:24, Mark 1:32,

Luke 7:21 and Luke 9:1.

Throughout the New Testament there is also much evidence of the activity of

demons against the early church. One of their top duties was to instill false doctrine

among the church (I Timothy 4:1-3) by increasing activity of deceit and empowering

false teachers. However, these duties weren’t directed towards the early church only—

they have been creeping into the church even today, and will continue to do so (II Peter

2:1-3; 1 John 4:1-3). In these false doctrines, they twist the character of God (II Timothy

3:3-4), deny the deity and redemption of Christ (II Peter 2:1), and mock the second

coming of Christ (II Peter 3:3-4). Their activity within the church is completely

destructive, deceitful, and obscene, and they will continue in it until the end.

Destiny of Demons

Scripture hints that one-third of the angelic creation followed Satan when he

chose to rebel against God (Revelation 12:4). Because they defied God, they made

themselves subject to His wrath. These demons chose to sin; they are fully responsible

for their decision. Some of these “fallen angels” are now bound (II Peter 2:4; Jude 6) in

the Abyss, which is an intermediate place of detention for evil spirits. This Abyss is the

habitation of the souls of the unrighteous between death and the second coming, and

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appears like Hades, as it is a place of torment and confinement—so much so that demons

“begged” and “implored” Christ not to command them to depart to it (Luke 8:31).

During the tribulation demons will be set loose and will aim to expand Satan’s

wicked cohorts in their work of deception and destruction (Revelation 9:1-11). After this,

they will be at the judgment at the Great White Throne of God (Revelation 20:11-15) and

will then be cast into the Lake of Fire for eternity (Matthew 25:41).

Demon Possession

Demon possession is a condition in which one or more evil spirits (demons)

inhabit the body of a human being (an unbeliever) and take complete control of their

victim at will. The Greek word for this is daimonizomai, which means “to be possessed

of a demon, to act under the control of a demon.” Demon possession is mentioned many

times, including being found in Matthew 4:24, 8:16,28,33, 9:32, 12:22, 15:22; and Mark

1:32, 5:15,16,18. Luke 8:36 also speaks of a “demon-possessed man,” and John 10:21

refers to demon possession using the words “one who is oppressed by a demon.” Christ

Himself encountered and cast out many demons (Matthew 8:16,17; Mark 1:32-34,39;

Luke 4:40-44). One of the most well-known stories of Christ casting out demons is found

in Matthew 8:28-34 (and Mark 5:1-20, Luke 8:26-39) when Jesus casts the legion of

demons from inside a man into a herd of swine. There are countless other accounts of

Jesus healing people, including the demon possessed—including the healing of a blind,

mute, and demon possessed man (Matthew 12:22-23); ridding a demon from a Gentile

woman’s daughter (Matthew 15:21-28; Mark 7:25-30); rebuking an unclean spirit that

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had possessed a boy since birth (Matthew 17:14-21; Mark 9:17-29; Luke 9:37-42); and

healing a mute and demon possessed man (Luke 11:14).

There are also many examples of Christ’s followers encountering situations of

demon possession. In Matthew 10:1 and Mark 3:14-15, we see that Jesus chose and

empowered the twelve apostles over unclean spirits, being able to cast them out. In the

days of the early church, apostles healed many that were tormented by unclean spirits

(Acts 5:16). For example, through Philip’s preaching of Christ, many unclean spirits

came out of those who were possessed (Acts 8:7), and Paul commanded a spirit of

divination to come out of a slave girl (Acts 16:16-18). Additionally, Acts 19:13-19

speaks of Jewish exorcists who attempted to command evil spirits in the name of Paul

and the Lord Jesus, but were overpowered by the man in whom the spirits dwelled.

Through this event we are shown the danger and seriousness of demon possession—that

“playing with spirits” is something we are never to do.

Introduction to New Demonology

There is a new doctrine that is slowly creeping into the mainstream evangelical

church which brings forth the idea of spiritual warfare and deliverance from demons. In

this doctrine it is believed that many Christians are in bondage to Satan, and in order to

be free from that we must have the ability and the authority to override Satan and

command demons to leave. In order to advocate this doctrine, one must have the

presupposition that Christians can be demon possessed and be under the authority of

Satan. Advocates for this doctrine include men such as Neil Anderson (The Bondage

Breaker; Victory over Darkness; Released from Bondage), C. Fred Dickason (Demon

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Possession and the Christian), Ed Murphy (The Handbook for Spiritual Warfare), Merrill

Unger (What Demons Can Do to Saints), C. Pete Wagner (Engaging the Enemy; How to

Fight and Defeat Territorial Saints), and Christian fiction author Frank Peretti (This

Present Darkness; Piercing the Darkness).

New Demonology Explained

The theme of the New Demonology movement is found in the quote that “this

battle is not against flesh and blood;” it says that Christians can be affected by demons.

In this first point in the doctrine of New Demonology, it is crucial to highlight the

teaching that believers can be demonized and demon possessed. These words refer to

demons’ invasion upon a believer’s life, based upon the word daimonizomai. Therefore,

because a believer can be demonized, it is essential to put on the full armor of God in

order to protect us from being demonized and under any of their influence. The scriptural

basis for this specific doctrine is found in John 12:31 and Colossians 2:15.

New Demonology also says that sin can be linked to demons. We all struggle in

certain areas of life and we fall into temptation here and there; however, this teaches that

if there is a pattern of sin in a believer’s life, there must be a demonic influence involved.

For example: if a believer is struggling with depression, then he or she is influenced and

demonized by a demon of doubt. This demon therefore influences the believer’s life and

causes deception. Therefore, the problem is not in the person, but in the influence (II

Corinthians 11:14,15).

Another belief in the New Demonology movement is that Christians have the

power and authority, in Christ, to command demons. This authority is the same authority

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that was given to the apostles to cast out demons, as seen in the New Testament. A part of

this is the teaching that rehearsed prayers and declaration are required for release from

bondage—that is, the only way to be released from the bondage of Satan or demons is to

declare a rehearsed statement. This prayer/declaration must include certain phrases in

order for the believer to be released. The following declaration is a rehearsed prayer that

a believer must say in order to be released from bondage:

In the name and authority of the Lord Jesus Christ, I command

Satan and all evil spirits to release me in order that I can be free

to know and to choose to do the will of God. As a child of God

who is seated with Christ in the heavenlies, I command every

spirit to leave my presence, I belong to God and the evil one

cannot touch me.

(Neil Anderson, The Bondage Breaker)

The New Demonology movement also teaches that demons are territorial and

have reign over geographical locations. There are certain territories that are influenced by

different things, and it is stated that demons have the capability to “rule” or influence

particular areas. For example: if a believer is trying to spread the gospel and people are

not responding, it could be due to demonic suppression over that territory. Therefore, it is

important to command the demonic rule to leave that place.

It is also taught that demons may be passed down from previous generations. This

idea is based on the concept that sins are passed down from generation to generation. If

someone’s ancestors participated in sin and it went unconfessed, the demon from their sin

may be passed down to the following generations. In order to overcome such bondage, it

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is important that one seeks after God for wisdom and knowledge concerning their

ancestors. Following that, they then should make a verbal declaration, such as:

I here and now reject and disown all the sins of my ancestors. I

specifically renounce the sins of (list here the areas of family sin

the Lord revealed to you.) As one who has now been delivered

from the domain of darkness into the kingdom of God’s son, I

cancel out all demonic working that has been passed down to me

from my family. As one who has been crucified and raised with

Jesus Christ and who sits with Him in heavenly places, I

renounce all satanic assignments that are directed toward me

and my ministry. I cancel out every curse that Satan and his

workers have put on me. I announce to Satan and all his forces

that Christ became a curse for me when he died for my sins on

the cross. I reject any and every way in which Satan may claim

ownership of me. I belong to the Lord Jesus Christ who

purchased me with his own blood. I reject all blood sacrifices

whereby Satan may claim ownership over me. I declare myself to

be fully and eternally signed over and committed to the Lord

Jesus Christ. By the authority, I have in Christ, I now command

every familiar spirit, and every enemy of the Lord Jesus that is

influencing me to leave my presence. I commit myself to my

heavenly father to do his will from this day forward.

(Neil Anderson, The Bondage Breaker)

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New Demonology Refuted

The first and most important thing to note about the New Demonology movement

is that it is primarily focused on personal experience and feelings, rather than the absolute

authority of the Word of God. In order to use the Word of God to support their doctrine

they must bend the Scriptures and take things out of context. Therefore, it is important

that we do not merely study their doctrine, but that we refute it based upon what Scripture

says.

There is no biblical basis for believing that a true Christian can be under the

degree of demonic control indicated by the word daimonizomai. The language of demons

“entering in,” “going out,” or being “cast out” is consistently employed in regard to

possessed persons (Matthew 8:16,32, 9:33, 12:22-24; Mark 1:34, 5:8,13). Other forms of

influence cannot therefore be properly called “demon possession” or “demonization.”

For example: the term “demonized” refers to the invasion of a victim’s body by a demon

(or demons) in which the demon exercises living and sovereign control over the victim,

which the victim cannot successfully resist. The elements of indwelling and the inability

to resist the demon’s will are what make demonization distinct from lesser forms of

demonic influence. It is important to distinguish the differences.

Biblically, to be “in” Christ is to be “out of” the evil one. I John 4:4 declares,

“You, dear children, are from God and have overcome them, because the One who is in

you is greater than the one who is in the world.” John Calvin writes: “The apostle

reminds us that we become strong, not by our own power, but by that of God. He hence

concludes that we can no more be conquered than God Himself, who has armed us with

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His power to the end of the world.” Since a Christian is indwelt by the Holy Spirit

(Romans 8:9-11; I Corinthians 3:16, 6:19) it would seem unlikely that the Holy Spirit

would allow a demon reside in the same person He is indwelling. I Corinthians 6:19

makes it clear that the Holy Spirit establishes a permanent, intimate relationship with

every believer. The body of a Christian is the Holy Spirit’s temple. Other passages also

describe the presence and power of the Holy Spirit in the hearts and lives of Christians;

for example: John 3:3-7; Romans 8:5-11; I Corinthians 12:12-13; II Corinthians 1:21-22,

6:16; Ephesians 1:13-14; and Titus 3:4-7.

While the New Demonology movement teaches that our sin can be linked to

demons, the Scriptures are clear that sin is a result of our own sin nature. We do not

struggle with sin because of an “outside” force; we struggle with sin because of our

nature. The only way to overcome sin is by asking God to help us and restore us.

Scripture clearly states that our heart and desires are the reason for our sin (James 1:13-

14); it is our own heart’s desire that leads us into temptation (Mark 7:21-22).

On the topic of casting out demons, it is essential to recognize that in all of the

New Testament passages dealing with spiritual warfare, we are never told to cast a

demon out of a believer (Ephesians 6:10-18). We are told to resist the devil (I Peter 5:8-9;

James 4:7), not to cast him out. The apostles were specifically given the authority and

ability through Christ to cast out demons (Mark 3:15; Luke 9:2,3), but we are not given

the same authority that Christ gave His apostles.

Another aspect of this movement is the practice of rehearsed prayers. It is taught

and believed that if certain specific prayers are declared, one will be freed from the

bondage of a demon. But it is important to note that there is no example of rehearsed

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prayer in the New Testament, with the exception of the Lord’s Prayer in Matthew 6:9-13.

This leads one to think—if the prayer from Anderson’s book is so powerful, why is it not

declared by Christ for us to pray? Again, as seen through this, the New Demonology

movement denies the sole authority of the Word of God.

There is also no biblical evidence to support territorial demons. During Christ’s

ministry on earth, He cast out demons and healed people from demon possession but

there is no evidence that He released the bondage of geographical demons. In Anderson’s

The Bondage Breaker, he gives an example of a believer trying to share the gospel and no

one was responding. He then came to the conclusion that the territory was under demonic

influence. He prayed a rehearsed prayer that the area would be released from bondage

and after the prayer many people came to know Christ. However, conclusions and

practices like this cannot be made fact without the Scriptures backing it up. In the Bible,

Ephesians 6 or the Great Commission could have dealt with territorial demons when

sharing the gospel, if it was an issue, but nothing is mentioned. We know that nothing can

separate us from the love of Jesus Christ, so if God draws someone to Himself, nothing—

including demons—can stop that.

The New Demonology belief of generational demons is another concept that takes

personal sin and puts the responsibility of it on someone else. There is no biblical

evidence that supports such an idea. We are not responsible for our ancestor’s

unconfessed sins. The Bible clearly shows us that a demon or disease is not a result of our

past generations’ sin. For example: John 9 gives the account of a blind man—the

Pharisees were blaming the sins of the man’s parents for the cause of his blindness, and

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Jesus quickly refuted them, explaining that it was not the sins of his parents, but was for

that moment to show God’s glory that he had been born blind.

Overall, doctrines cannot be formed and built off of personal experiences.

Churches today are more focused on meeting the needs of the people than staying true to

the Word of God. A wise man once said that if you find a pastor who shepherds the flock

and teaches the absolute Word of God, he should be treasured and protected. Everything

must go back to Scripture, which the New Demonology movement does not do, as it is

using experiences and feelings for doctrine—hence why it is clearly unbiblical.

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