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Anoop
Abhilash
Nikunj
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ContentsyVegetable cultivationin India
y Punjabandits geographic conditions
y SupplyChainschematicyVegetables growninPunjab
y Problems & improvements required
y Exportsdetails
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Vegetable Cultivation in Indiay Secondlargest producer ofvegetablesin theworld 71
million MT inaround 6.2 millionhectaresofland
y Accountsfor about 15% oftheworldsproductionofvegetables.
y potato, tomato,onion, cabbage and caulifloweraccount for around 60% ofthe totalvegetable
productionin the country.
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Punjab- major vegetable cultivatory TwoSeasons mainly Kharif and Rabi
yVegetable crops
y Paddyy Oilseeds
y Pulses
y Sugarcane
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Geographic Conditionsy Geography and Climate: Punjabis the northwest
state ofIndiasituatedat 290 - 32/ to 320-32/North
latitude and 730-55/ to 760-50/ East longitude.y Bordered to the northbyJammuand Kashmir, to the
northeast byHimachalPradesh, to the southandsoutheast byHaryanaand to the southwest by
Rajasthan.y The totalareaofthe state is 50,362 square kilometres
(occupying 1.54 % ofthe countrys total geographicalarea.)
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y The state ofPunjabliesin the sub-tropicalbelt andissituatedin the North-west ofIndiansub-continent. It liesover 1600 Km. awayfrom the BayofBengal. The Shivaliks
are onitsNorth-Westernboarder and Rajasthandesertsarein the South.
y These factorsdetermine its climatic conditions. Winterseasonis cool extending from the endofOctober to theendofMarch. The summer seasonlastsfromApril to June.
y The annual rainfallinPunjab rangesbetween 250 mm and1000 mm. Some cyclone rainfalloccurs mainlyfromDecember to January& Marchisbeneficial to the Rabicrops
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y . Climaticallythe state has three major seasons.
y Hotweather (April to June)when temperature risesas
highas 440 C.y Rainyseason (JulytoSeptember).Average rainfall
annual rangesbetween 960 mmsub-mountain regionand 460 mm in the plains.
y Coldweather (October to March). Temperature goesdownaslowas 40 C.
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List of vegetablesChilli (Mirch)
Capsicum annuum
annuum
Lal, CH-I, Surkh, Gachhedar CH3, Sirhind, Sanauri,
Jalandhari, Sathi, Loungi, Shahkoti
Capsicum (Simla
Mirch)Capsicum annuum
27
Okra (Bindi)
Abelmoschus esculentum
Pusa, Sawani, Padmani, Punjab-7, Punjab-8, Pb.
Kranti, Pb. Varsha, Uphan A-11
Bottle gourd (Ghia Kaddu) Punjab Round, Punjab Komal Early long, Pspl, Pusa
Nailin, America Pb.Hyprid No 13,Pb14
Summersquash (Chappan
Kaddu)
chappan kaddu-1
Squash melon (Tinda) S-48 ( tinda), /light green, Dark green.
Bittergoud (Karela) C-96, Pb.14, small proited, --karela, Meetha Karela,
Roundish karelaPumpkin (Halwa Kaddu) Large red, large round, yellow flesh and red flesh
Sponge gourd and ridge
gourd (Ghiaand Kalitori)
Pusa Chikni, Sadabahar (5-10)
Ash-gourd (Petha)
Benincasa hispida
Local variety
Musk melon (Kharbuza) Punjab Hybrid, Punjabsunehri, Punjab Rasila, Hara
Madhu, PR.M.M28, Hari dhari, Kajri, Sarda, Musa,
Phut, Wa---
Water melon (Tarbuz) Sugarbaby shipper
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Long melon(Tur)
Borassus flabellifer
long melon-I, L.Early Pb. Selecton
Cucumber (Khira) Balam khiraand Punjab No.1 poinsetic, Hybrid,
Jalandhari, hoshiarpuri, dark of light colouredgurdaspurtype
Wanga Wanga No.1
rum ( r bi) S11, S
Sweet Potato V2, V6 and V
Brinjal a) Long fruited: Pusa purple long, pb.barsati, Pb.
sada bahar Baingan.
b) Round fruited: Pb. No.8, Punjab Bahar, JamuniGola, Pb. Neelam, chamkila
c) Small fruited: Punjab Moti
d) Oblong fruited: BH1 and BH2
Cowpea Cowpea-263 Pusa Komal, Pusa 152, cowpea-
74
Kharifonion N-53, DR, S-48, selection no.1
Tomato (Tamatar) S12,Pb.Tropic, Pb. Chhuahara, Pb.Kesri, Pb.N.R.7, TH 2312, selection no. 1
Radish (Muli) Desi: Pb Safeda, Pusa chetki, Pb. geti, Pb.
Pasand Eng:Japanese White Pusa Himani, Egg
white, Pusa reshmi Icicle
Turnip (Shalgam) Desi: 4-White, 4 Red L1
Eng: Golden Ball, Snow Ball, Purple Topwhite
globe
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Carrot (Gajar) No.29 ,Selection 21, Selecton 233, Pusa kesser, yelloe,
lightorange, black orange, Patiali
Spinach (Palak) Pb.selection
Pb.Green
Fenugreek (Methi)
Foenicum
Kasuri Methi Marwari
Onion (Rabi Piaz) Pb. Red round,Punjab Selection Punjab-48 and
Pb.Naroya N.53, ADR, Pro-6
Potato (Alu) Kufri chanramukhi, kufri ashoka, kufri lalima, kufri
jawahar, kufri bahar, kufri joyti, kufri sutlej,kufri
sandhuri,kufri badshah Kufri Shakti k.alankar, K. Sheetam
Cauliflower (Phul Gobhi) Gaint snowball, Pb.Gaint-26,Snowball 16, Pusa snowball-1 and pusa snowball K1, Early Kumari
Cabbage (Bandh Gobhi) Drum Head Early, Pride of. Golden-Acre
Knol-Knol (Gandh gobhi) Earliestwhite, white
Chinese cabbage (Chini
sarson)
Chinese sarson
Pea (matar) Arkel, mattar, Ageta 6, Bonneville, Pb.87, Pb.88, Mithi
Phali. P.35, T. 163, PG.3 Harabone, P-8, P-23, Kardiarea
hara --type
Garlic (Lasan) 56-4, Pb. Garlic 1
G-282
Lettuce (Salad) Lettuce No.1
Sponge gourd Light coloured, dark coloured, white seeded, ageli round
Dolichorsorsem Fruittype
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Status of horticulturey totalnet sownarea - 42.01 lakh ha
y 2.05 lakh hectareswhichaccountsfor 4.8 % ofthe net
sownarea horticulture growny Areaunder fruit cropsis 0.47 lakh hectares (ha)
y 1.58 lakh haisundervegetable cropswhichaccountsfor 2.5 % ofthe totalvegetable productionin
the country.
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Vegetable productiony Punjabisaleading state in termsofproductionof
vegetables.
yThe totalareaundervegetable cropis 1.58 lakh ha.
with the productionof27 lakh tonnes.
y The annualproductivityofthe state is 16.8 MT/haascompared to the average nationalproductivityof14
Mt/ha.y The majorvegetables grownin the state are
cauliflower,peas,potato,onion, chillies, tomato,brinjal
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State wise production of
vegetables in India
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States Area (ha) Production (tonnes)
Andhra Pradesh 316030 1200211
Arunachal Pradesh 26300 69360
Assam 91497
Bihar 368000 444500
Goa 170 590
Gujarat 97000 1277700
Har ana 55400 418700
Himachal Pradesh 25680 249150
Jammu & Kashmir 13600 93000
Karnataka 121260 1876358
Kerala 15250 143484
Madh a Pradesh 854442 1372077
Maharashtra 309300 115700
Manipur 1450 60500
Meghagla a 40130 111360
Mizoram 2100 6263
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Nagaland 62700 42820
Orissa 566320 4200390
Punjab 99800 2146000
Rajasthan 41876 143381
Sikkim 3800 23000
TamilNadu 51295 551200
Tripura 22500 174000
Uttar Pradesh 757966 9774900 West Bengal 376000 2760914
Andaman andNicobar
2700 16200
Chandigarh - 1970
DadarNagaraveli
- 13460
Delhi 3325 266522
Lakhshadweep 325 368
Pandicherry 141 1128
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Supply chain Schematic
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Problemsy Lackofeducationandawarenessabout opportunities.y Lackofmarket knowledge and marketing skills.y Lackofprofessionalism andsmalllandholding.y Fallingwater levelsandlackofirrigationfacilities.y Expensive credit.y Manyintermediarieswhoincrease cost but donot add
muchvalue.y Laws that stifle private investment.y Controlledprices.y Poor infrastructure.y Inappropriate R&D- agriculture isastate subject,and most
stateshave little funds toinvest invegetable R&D.
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A Reporty Hyderabad,Sep 15: Bharti Enterprisesvice chairman,
Rajan Bharti Mittal informed that the company,which
has twodistribution centresin HaryanaandPunjab,contactedwith 150 farmersinPunjab tobuyvegetablesdirectlyfrom them ona trialbasis
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Some Steps Takeny Net CultivationbyPAU
y PunjabState Farmers Commission Net house
implementationy Punjab Water Supply& Sewage Board takes care of
sewage facilityandirrigationfacility.
y Dripand microirrigationsystem
y Laser leveler technology Conservationofwater
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Co operative modelyVerka andSohna bothbasedon the highlysuccessful
cooperative model,are reaching out to the grassroots
providing asource ofincome and enterprise to thefarmersofPunjab.
y Sohna, establishedwaybackin 1954,has 3047 societiesfrom whichit procures raw materials. It also
distributesagrochemicals at discounted rates tofarmers. Sohna exports most ofitsproduce ofBasmati, readyto eat foodsandpreserves toNorth
America,Europe andSouthEastAsia.
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yVerka, relativelyyoung hasachieved much more. Oneofthe most popular brandsofmilkand milkproducts
innorthern India,y it isalarge supplier to the IndianArmedforces.
y Ofits 5300 cooperative societies, 790 are runsolelybywomen, towhom it alsoprovides training.
yVerka currentlyexports to the Middle East,SouthEastAsia,AfghanistanandOceana.
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Exportsy To Middle east,SEAsia,Afghanistan,Oceana,UK,
UAE, Denmark, France, Germanyand Holland etc
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y TheAgriculturalandProcessed FoodProductsExportDevelopmentAuthority (APEDA) hasidentified
traditionaland non-traditionalvegetableswith goodexport potential.
y As manyas 63varietiesvegetable are tradedin theworld market.
y
The PunjabAgri Export Corporation (PAGREXCO)hadachievedsuccessin marketing offreshvegetables(2000 kg) from Punjab to the UK
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