Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES) Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES) 1 of 45 GSM AND CDMA (WIRELESS & MOBILE COMMN.) ECE-6 TH SEM. BY:- ER. SUKHWINDERPAL SINGH SENIOR.

Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES)Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES) 11 of 45 of 45

GSM AND CDMA GSM AND CDMA (WIRELESS & MOBILE (WIRELESS & MOBILE

COMMN.)COMMN.) ECE-6 ECE-6THTH SEM. SEM.

BY:-BY:-ER. SUKHWINDERPAL SINGHER. SUKHWINDERPAL SINGHSENIOR LECTURER(ECE)SENIOR LECTURER(ECE)GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE FOR GOVT. POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE FOR GIRLSGIRLSLUDHIANALUDHIANA


GSMGSM GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE

COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS OPEN DIGITAL CELLULAR OPEN DIGITAL CELLULAR

TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY USED TO TRANSMIT MOBILE VOICE USED TO TRANSMIT MOBILE VOICE

AND DATAAND DATA ORIGINALLY DRIVEN FROM Groupe ORIGINALLY DRIVEN FROM Groupe

Special Mobile, THE MOST POPULAR Special Mobile, THE MOST POPULAR STANDARD FOR MOBILE PHONES IN STANDARD FOR MOBILE PHONES IN WORLDWORLD

CONSIDERED AS 2CONSIDERED AS 2NDND GENERATION GENERATION (2G) SYSTEM(2G) SYSTEM


FEATURES OF GSMFEATURES OF GSM

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR MOBILE INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR MOBILE SERVICE SERVICE

OFFERS NUMBER OF SERVICES LIKE OFFERS NUMBER OF SERVICES LIKE VOICE , SMS, FAX , VOICE MAIL AND CALL VOICE , SMS, FAX , VOICE MAIL AND CALL FORWARDING & CALLER IDFORWARDING & CALLER ID

HIGH MOBILITYHIGH MOBILITY HIGHER CAPACITYHIGHER CAPACITY WORLDWIDE ROAMINGWORLDWIDE ROAMING


FREQUENCY BANDS IN GSMFREQUENCY BANDS IN GSM

DUAL BANDDUAL BAND

TRI BANDTRI BAND

QUAD BANDQUAD BAND


DUAL BANDDUAL BAND OPERATES ON 900 MHz AND 1800 MHz OPERATES ON 900 MHz AND 1800 MHz

MOBILE PHONES SUPPORTING DUAL MOBILE PHONES SUPPORTING DUAL BAND CAN BE USED IN WORLD WHERE BAND CAN BE USED IN WORLD WHERE 900 MHz AND 1800 MHz FREQUENCIES 900 MHz AND 1800 MHz FREQUENCIES ARE USEDARE USED

FOUND IN ALL CONTINENTS USUALLY i.e. FOUND IN ALL CONTINENTS USUALLY i.e. EUROPE ,ASIA, AFRICA, AUSTRALIA AND EUROPE ,ASIA, AFRICA, AUSTRALIA AND SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA


TRI BANDTRI BAND

THREE FREQUENCIES ARE THREE FREQUENCIES ARE SUPPORTED IN TRI BAND SUPPORTED IN TRI BAND

900 MHz900 MHz 1800 MHz1800 MHz 1900 MHz1900 MHz

ALSO SUPPORTED WORLDWIDEALSO SUPPORTED WORLDWIDE


QUAD BANDQUAD BAND FOUR FREQUENCIES SUPPORTED IN FOUR FREQUENCIES SUPPORTED IN

QUAD BANDQUAD BAND

850 MHz850 MHz 900 MHz900 MHz 1800 MHz1800 MHz 1900 MHz1900 MHz

ALSO SUPPORTED WORLD WIDEALSO SUPPORTED WORLD WIDE


GSM NETWORK AREASGSM NETWORK AREAS

CELLCELL

LOCATION AREALOCATION AREA

MSC/VLR SERVICE AREAMSC/VLR SERVICE AREA

PLMPLM


CELLCELL

BASIC SERVICE AREA COVERED BY BASIC SERVICE AREA COVERED BY ONE BTSONE BTS

EACH CELL HAS UNIQUE NUMBER EACH CELL HAS UNIQUE NUMBER KNOWN AS CELL GLOBAL KNOWN AS CELL GLOBAL IDENTITY(CGI)IDENTITY(CGI)


LOCATION AREALOCATION AREA

GROUP OF CELLSGROUP OF CELLS

AREA THAT IS PAGED WHEN A AREA THAT IS PAGED WHEN A SUBSCRIBER GETS INCOMING CALLSUBSCRIBER GETS INCOMING CALL

EACH LOCATION AREA IS PROVIDED A EACH LOCATION AREA IS PROVIDED A LOCATION AREA IDENTITY (LAI)AND LOCATION AREA IDENTITY (LAI)AND SERVED BY ONE OR MORE BSCsSERVED BY ONE OR MORE BSCs


PLMPLM

AREA COVERED BY ONE AREA COVERED BY ONE

NETWORK OPERATORNETWORK OPERATOR

A PLM CONTAINS ONE OR MORE A PLM CONTAINS ONE OR MORE MSCsMSCs


GSM ARCHITECTUREGSM ARCHITECTURE


GSM NETWORK STAGESGSM NETWORK STAGES

BASE STATIONBASE STATION

NETWORK NETWORK SWITCHINGSWITCHING

PUBLIC NETWORKPUBLIC NETWORK


MOBILE SERVICES SWITCHING MOBILE SERVICES SWITCHING CENTRECENTRE

PERFORMS THE SWITCHING OF CALLS PERFORMS THE SWITCHING OF CALLS BETWEEN THE MOBILE AND NETWORK BETWEEN THE MOBILE AND NETWORK USERSUSERS

MANAGEMENT OF MOBILE SERVICES SUCH MANAGEMENT OF MOBILE SERVICES SUCH AS AUTHENTICATIONAS AUTHENTICATION


MOBILE STATIONMOBILE STATION THE MOBILE STATION (MS) THE MOBILE STATION (MS)

CONSISTS OF THE PHYSICAL CONSISTS OF THE PHYSICAL EQUIPMENT:EQUIPMENT:

THE RADIO TRANSCEIVERTHE RADIO TRANSCEIVER DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORSDIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY MODULE

(SIM).(SIM). THE SIM PROVIDES PERSONAL THE SIM PROVIDES PERSONAL

MOBILITYMOBILITY


SIMSIM

BY INSERTING THE BY INSERTING THE SIM CARD INTO SIM CARD INTO ANOTHER GSM ANOTHER GSM CELLULAR PHONE, CELLULAR PHONE, THE USER IS ABLE THE USER IS ABLE TO RECEIVE CALLS TO RECEIVE CALLS AT THAT PHONE.AT THAT PHONE.


SIMSIM

THE SIM CARD CONTAINS THE THE SIM CARD CONTAINS THE INTERNATIONAL MOBILE INTERNATIONAL MOBILE SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY (IMSI), SUBSCRIBER IDENTITY (IMSI),

THE SIM CARD MAY BE PROTECTED THE SIM CARD MAY BE PROTECTED AGAINST UNAUTHORIZED USE BY A AGAINST UNAUTHORIZED USE BY A PASSWORD OR PERSONAL PASSWORD OR PERSONAL IDENTITY NUMBERIDENTITY NUMBER


BASE STATION SUBSYTEMBASE STATION SUBSYTEM

BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM IS BASE STATION SUBSYSTEM IS COMPOSED OF TWO PARTS: COMPOSED OF TWO PARTS:

THE BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION THE BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION (BTS) (BTS)

THE BASE STATION CONTROLLER THE BASE STATION CONTROLLER (BSC). (BSC).


BTSBTS

THE BASE THE BASE TRANSCEIVERTRANSCEIVER

STATIONSTATION

HANDLES THEHANDLES THE

RADIO LINK RADIO LINK PROTOCOLS PROTOCOLS

WITH THE WITH THE MOBILE MOBILE

STATIONSTATION


BASE STATION CONTROLLERBASE STATION CONTROLLER

THE BSC HANDLES :-THE BSC HANDLES :-

RADIO CHANNEL SETUPRADIO CHANNEL SETUP

FREQUENCY HOPPINGFREQUENCY HOPPING

HANDOVERSHANDOVERS


BSCBSC THE BSC IS THE THE BSC IS THE

CONNECTION CONNECTION

BETWEEN THE BETWEEN THE

MOBILE AND THE MOBILE AND THE

MOBILE SERVICE MOBILE SERVICE

SWITCHING SWITCHING

CENTER CENTER

(MSC). (MSC).



MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE MOBILE SWITCHING CENTRE (MSC)(MSC)

THE CENTRAL THE CENTRAL COMPONENT COMPONENT OF THE OF THE NETWORK NETWORK SUBSYSTEM .SUBSYSTEM .

IT ACTS LIKE A IT ACTS LIKE A NORMAL NORMAL SWITCHING SWITCHING NODE OF THE NODE OF THE PSTN OR ISDNPSTN OR ISDN


ROLE OF MSCROLE OF MSC

REGISTRATIONREGISTRATION

AUTHENTICATIONAUTHENTICATION

LOCATION UPDATINGLOCATION UPDATING

HANDOVERSHANDOVERS

CALL ROUTING TO A ROAMING CALL ROUTING TO A ROAMING SUBSCRIBERSUBSCRIBER


HOME LOCATION REGISTER HOME LOCATION REGISTER HLRHLR

THE HLR CONTAINS ALL THE THE HLR CONTAINS ALL THE

ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION OF EACH ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION OF EACH

SUBSCRIBER REGISTERED IN THE SUBSCRIBER REGISTERED IN THE

CORRESPONDING GSM NETWORK AND CORRESPONDING GSM NETWORK AND

CURRENT LOCATION OF THE MOBILECURRENT LOCATION OF THE MOBILE


VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER -VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER -VLRVLRVLR CONTAINS SELECTED VLR CONTAINS SELECTED ADMINISTRATIVEADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION INFORMATION FROM THE HLR, TO CALL CONTROL FROM THE HLR, TO CALL CONTROL FOR EACH MOBILE LOCATED IN THE FOR EACH MOBILE LOCATED IN THE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA CONTROLLEDGEOGRAPHICAL AREA CONTROLLED

BY THE VLR.BY THE VLR.


EQUIPMENT IDENTITY EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER (EIR)REGISTER (EIR)

FOR AUTHENTICATION AND FOR AUTHENTICATION AND SECURITY PURPOSES. SECURITY PURPOSES.

(EIR) CONTAINS A LIST OF ALL (EIR) CONTAINS A LIST OF ALL VALID MOBILE EQUIPMENT ON THE VALID MOBILE EQUIPMENT ON THE NETWORKNETWORK

EACH MOBILE STATION IS EACH MOBILE STATION IS IDENTIFIED BY ITS INTERNATIONAL IDENTIFIED BY ITS INTERNATIONAL MOBILE EQUIPMENT IDENTITY MOBILE EQUIPMENT IDENTITY (IMEI). (IMEI).


IMEIIMEI AN IMEI IS MARKED AS INVALID IF IT AN IMEI IS MARKED AS INVALID IF IT

HAS BEEN REPORTED STOLEN OR IS HAS BEEN REPORTED STOLEN OR IS NOT TYPE APPROVED. NOT TYPE APPROVED.

THE AUTHENTICATION CENTER IS A THE AUTHENTICATION CENTER IS A PROTECTED DATABASE THAT STORES A PROTECTED DATABASE THAT STORES A COPY OF THE SECRET KEY STORED IN COPY OF THE SECRET KEY STORED IN EACH SUBSCRIBER'S SIM CARD, WHICH EACH SUBSCRIBER'S SIM CARD, WHICH IS USED FOR AUTHENTICATIONIS USED FOR AUTHENTICATION


CDMACDMA CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESSCODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS

TO ALLOW MANY USERS TO SHARE

SIMULTANEOUSLY A FINITE AMOUNT

OF RADIO SPECTRUM FOR HIGH

QUALITY OF COMMUNICATION

WITHOUT DEGRADATION IN

PERFORMANCE OF THE SYSTEM


CDMACDMA

THE NARROW BAND MESSAGE THE NARROW BAND MESSAGE SIGNAL IS MULTIPLIED BY A VERY SIGNAL IS MULTIPLIED BY A VERY LARGE BANDWIDTH SIGNAL LARGE BANDWIDTH SIGNAL CALLED THE SPREADING SIGNALCALLED THE SPREADING SIGNAL

ALL USERS USE THE SAME ALL USERS USE THE SAME CARRIER FFREQUENCY AND MAY CARRIER FFREQUENCY AND MAY TRANSMIT SIMULTANEOUSLYTRANSMIT SIMULTANEOUSLY


CDMA SPECTRUMCDMA SPECTRUM


CDMA WITH TIME OR CDMA WITH TIME OR FREQUENCY DIVISION DUPLEXFREQUENCY DIVISION DUPLEX


GSM ADVANTAGESGSM ADVANTAGES

USED WORLDWIDE WITH OVER 500 USED WORLDWIDE WITH OVER 500 MILLION SUBSCRIBERSMILLION SUBSCRIBERS

INTERNATIONAL ROAMING PERMITS INTERNATIONAL ROAMING PERMITS TO USE ONE PHONE THROUGHOUT TO USE ONE PHONE THROUGHOUT THE WORLDTHE WORLD

STARTED IN MID – 80s. THUS HAS STARTED IN MID – 80s. THUS HAS BECOME MORE STABLE WITH BECOME MORE STABLE WITH ROBUST FEATURESROBUST FEATURES


CDMA ADVANTAGESCDMA ADVANTAGES

INCREASED CELLULAR INCREASED CELLULAR COMMUNICATION SECURITYCOMMUNICATION SECURITY

SIMULTANEOUS SIMULTANEOUS CONVERSATIONSCONVERSATIONS

INCREASED EFFICIENCYINCREASED EFFICIENCY SMALLER SIZED PHONESSMALLER SIZED PHONES LOW POWER REQUIREMENTSLOW POWER REQUIREMENTS EXTENDED REACHEXTENDED REACH


CDMA DISADVANTAGESCDMA DISADVANTAGES PROPRIETARY NATURE, SO ALL PROPRIETARY NATURE, SO ALL

FLAWS NOT KNOWN FLAWS NOT KNOWN RELATIVELY NEW TECHNOLOGY SO RELATIVELY NEW TECHNOLOGY SO

LESS MATURE THAN GSMLESS MATURE THAN GSM CANNOT OFFER INTERNATIONAL CANNOT OFFER INTERNATIONAL

ROAMINGROAMING VOICE QUALITY POOR THAN GSMVOICE QUALITY POOR THAN GSM


COMPARISON OF CDMA AND COMPARISON OF CDMA AND GSMGSM

THE GSM HAS THE GSM HAS UPPER HAND IN UPPER HAND IN FOLLOWING FOLLOWING FIELDSFIELDS

DATA TRANSFER DATA TRANSFER SPEEDSPEED

NATIONAL & NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL INTERNATIONAL ROAMINGROAMING

SIMSIM COST FACTORCOST FACTOR VOICE QUALITYVOICE QUALITY

THE CDMA HAS THE CDMA HAS UPPER HAND IN UPPER HAND IN FOLLOWING FOLLOWING FIELDSFIELDS

SECURED SECURED COMMUNICATIONCOMMUNICATION

RADIATION LEVELRADIATION LEVEL BANDWIDTHBANDWIDTH POWER POWER

CONSUMPTIONCONSUMPTION AREA COVERAGEAREA COVERAGE


CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

IN GENERAL , ONE CAN SAY IN GENERAL , ONE CAN SAY THAT BOTH GSM AND CDMA ARE THAT BOTH GSM AND CDMA ARE LATEST AND EQUALLY GOOD LATEST AND EQUALLY GOOD TECHNOLOGIES HAVING BOTH TECHNOLOGIES HAVING BOTH GOOD AND BAD QUALITIESGOOD AND BAD QUALITIES


FUTURE ASPECTSFUTURE ASPECTS

IT LOOKS THAT COMBINATION OF IT LOOKS THAT COMBINATION OF GSM AND CDMA WILL BECOME THE GSM AND CDMA WILL BECOME THE LONG SOUGHT EVENT FOR A LONG SOUGHT EVENT FOR A GLOBAL WIRELESS STANDARD FOR GLOBAL WIRELESS STANDARD FOR UNIVERSALIZATION OF WIRELESS UNIVERSALIZATION OF WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES TO GET COMPLETE TECHNOLOGIES TO GET COMPLETE COMPATIBILITY BENEFITS COMPATIBILITY BENEFITS THROUGHOUT THE WORLDTHROUGHOUT THE WORLD


MOBILE TRACKINGMOBILE TRACKING


MOBILE TRACKINGMOBILE TRACKING MOBILE PHONE TRACKING REFERS MOBILE PHONE TRACKING REFERS

TO THE ATTAINING OF THE TO THE ATTAINING OF THE CURRENT POSITION OF A MOBILE CURRENT POSITION OF A MOBILE PHONE, STATIONARY OR MOVING. PHONE, STATIONARY OR MOVING. MOBILE POSITIONING, WHICH MOBILE POSITIONING, WHICH INCLUDES LOCATION BASED INCLUDES LOCATION BASED SERVICE THAT DISCLOSES THE SERVICE THAT DISCLOSES THE ACTUAL COORDINATES OF A ACTUAL COORDINATES OF A MOBILE PHONE BEARERMOBILE PHONE BEARER


MOBILE TRACKING (contd.)MOBILE TRACKING (contd.)

A TECHNOLOGY USED A TECHNOLOGY USED BY TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY BY TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANY TO APPROXIMATE WHERE MOBILE TO APPROXIMATE WHERE MOBILE PHONE IS PRESENT IN THE PHONE IS PRESENT IN THE GEOGRAPHICALGEOGRAPHICAL LOCATIONLOCATION


MOBILE TRACKING (contd.)MOBILE TRACKING (contd.) LOCALIZATION MAY OCCUR EITHER LOCALIZATION MAY OCCUR EITHER

VIA MULTILATERATION VIA MULTILATERATION OR GEOLOCATION OF RADIO OR GEOLOCATION OF RADIO SIGNALS BETWEEN (SEVERAL) RADIO SIGNALS BETWEEN (SEVERAL) RADIO TOWERS OF THE NETWORK AND THE TOWERS OF THE NETWORK AND THE PHONE, OR BY GPS.PHONE, OR BY GPS.


MOBILE TRACKING (Contd.)MOBILE TRACKING (Contd.)

THE TECHNOLOGY OF LOCATING IS BASED ON MEASURING POWER LEVELS AND ANTENNA PATTERNS AND USES THE CONCEPT THAT A MOBILE PHONE ALWAYS COMMUNICATES WIRELESSLY WITH ONE OF THE CLOSEST BASE STATIONS, SO KNOWLEDGE OF THE LOCATION OF THE BASE STATION STATION IMPLIES THE CELL PHONE IS NEARBY.IMPLIES THE CELL PHONE IS NEARBY.


MOBILE TRACKING (Contd.)MOBILE TRACKING (Contd.)

ADVANCED SYSTEMS DETERMINE THE ADVANCED SYSTEMS DETERMINE THE SECTOR IN WHICH THE MOBILE PHONE SECTOR IN WHICH THE MOBILE PHONE RESIDES AND ROUGHLY ESTIMATE ALSO RESIDES AND ROUGHLY ESTIMATE ALSO THE DISTANCE TO THE BASE STATION. THE DISTANCE TO THE BASE STATION. FURTHER APPROXIMATION IS DONE TO FURTHER APPROXIMATION IS DONE TO LOCATE THE EXACT POSITION OF THE LOCATE THE EXACT POSITION OF THE MOBILE .MOBILE .


SUMMARYSUMMARY

GSM ARCHITECTUREGSM ARCHITECTURE CDMA ARCHITECTURECDMA ARCHITECTURE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

OF BOTH GSM AND CDMAOF BOTH GSM AND CDMA COMPARISON OF GSM AND CDMACOMPARISON OF GSM AND CDMA FUTURE ASPECTSFUTURE ASPECTS MOBILE TRACKINGMOBILE TRACKING


THANK YOUTHANK YOU

Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES) Punjab EDUSAT Society (PES) 1 of 45 GSM AND CDMA (WIRELESS & MOBILE COMMN.) ECE-6 TH SEM. BY:- ER. SUKHWINDERPAL SINGH SENIOR.

Documents

mobile voice

mobile phones

mobile station ms

roaming slide

authentication slide

bscs slide

mscs slide

plm area