Pumps

PUMPSYessica Gutiérrez, Mayra Serrano, Diana Abella, Camila Bermúdez, Paula Vargas.

A hydraulic pump is a means of converting mechanical energy or hydraulic fluid. "That is the energy added to the water pump”.

HYDRAULIC PUMPS

Hydraulic Pumps

Pressure Amplitud

e

• maximum pressure which a pump can operate.

Volume

• The amount of fluid a pump is capable of delivering to the operating pressure.

Velocity amplitud

e

• maximum and minimum limits in which the input conditions and load bearing

Mechanical efficiency: Determine the relationship between the theoretical horsepower input and actual input horsepower.

Volumetric Efficiency: It is determined by the relationship between the theoretical volume of output and the real volume.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS Such pumps are positive displacement

pumps which create suction and discharge, displacing water with a movable element.

The term "positive" means that the pressure developed is only limited by the structural strength of the various parts of the pump and the discharge is not affected by the pressure load but is determined by the pump speed and the extent of volume displaced.

CLASS OF POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

a) The piston or reciprocating displacing the liquid by the action of a plunger or piston reciprocating rectilinear movement, or oscillation movement.b) rotating, wherein the displacement is achieved by the rotation of the pump elements.

RECIPROCAL PUMPS

In reciprocating piston pumps creates a partial vacuum within the cylinder allowing the water to rise aided by atmospheric pressure.

Advantages and disadvantages of

reciprocating pumps

ADVANTAGEHigh pressure available

Self-priming (within certain limits)Constant flow for variable pressure loads

Adaptability to be moved manually or motor

DISADVANTAGESLower download

Low efficiency compared to centrifugal pumpsMany moving parts

Require frequent maintenance intervals

Suction limitedRelatively high cost for the amount

of water suppliedRequire a substantial torque to carry

your speedPulsating flow in the discharge

Direct action pumps are constructed, simplex (a piston and a piston steam fluid, respectively) and duplex (two pistons of steam and liquid two)

Steam pumps

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A power pump is an alternative machine constant speed and constant torque capacity almost constant, whose piston or pistons are moved by means of a crank through an external driving source.

Power pump


Power pump

They have a crankshaft driven by an external source typically an electric motor, belt or chain. Gears are often used between the motor and the crankshaft to reduce the output speed of the motor element. When it moves at constant speed, power pumps provide a cost nearly constant for a wide variation of column, and have good efficiency

ROTARY PUMPS

Rotary pumps are positive displacement units, which consist of a fixed box containing gears, vanes or other rotating devices, and acting on the liquid in small volumes trapping between the walls of the box and rotating the device, displacing thus fluid similar manner as the piston makes a reciprocating pump.

Rotary pumps

• These are the simplest Rotary type. As the teeth of gears are separated in the side filled liquid space, among them. This leads on toolpath circular outward and is squeezed to engage the teeth again. The wheels can have single, double, or of involuta teeth. Some designs have radial flow holes in the gear crazy, ranging of the Crown and the background of internal drilling teeth. They allow that the liquid to communicate of a tooth to the next, avoiding the formation of excessive pressures that could overload the bearings and cause a noisy operation. Bombas de

Engranes Externos

• They have a rotor with teeth cut internally and which fit in an engrane madman, cut externally. You can use a partition Crescent-shaped to avoid fluid to pass again next to the pump suction.

• Lobe pumps-They resemble the pumps of the type of gears in its action, they have two or more rotors cut with three, four, or more lobes on each rotor. Rotors are synchronized for positive rotation by means of gear external, due to that the liquid is discharged into a smaller number of larger than in the case of pump of gears, Lobar type flow is not as constant as in the type of gear. There are also combinations of pumps of gear and lobe.

Bombas de Engrane Interno

They have a series of articulated blades that are balanced as turning the rotor, trapping the liquid and forcing it into the pump discharge tube. Sliding blades pumps use blades that are pressed against the housing by force spin when you turn the rotor. The liquid trapped between the two blades is led and strength towards the discharge of the pump.

Aspa

These pumps have from one to three threaded screw conveniently rotating in a fixed box. There are a number of designs suitable for several applications. A single thyme pumps have a rotor in spiral form that rotates eccentrically in a propeller cover or internal stator. The rotor is metal and the propeller is usually rubber hard or soft, depending on the liquid that is handled. Two and three screw pumps have one or two gears locos, respectively, the flow is set between the threads of the screws, and along the axis thereof. Screws with opposite threads can be used to eliminate the axial thrust on the pump.

Screw

Produces a smooth flow is not pressed and used to send processes fluids rather than hydraulic applications; as the large central rotor rotates inside stator formed cavities that are moving toward the discharge end of the pump that moves the material in question, the rotor is made of a steel plate with thick layers of hard Corm to increase wing abrasion resistance, stators are constructed of rubber between the rotor and the stator there is a coupling of compression to reduce rolling and improve efficiency.

Progressive cavity


They have two or more rotors cut with three, four, or more lobes on each rotor. Rotors are synchronized for positive rotation by means of gear external, since the liquid is discharged into a smaller number of larger than in the case of pump of gears, Lobar type flow is not as constant as in the type of gear.

Lobe or cam


They have a tube of rubber that is squeezed through a compression on an adjustable eccentric ring. The arrow on the pump, together with the eccentric, rotates it. This design pumps are built with one or two steps.

Flexible tube (Peristaltic)


In these pumps the liquid is forced by the movement of one or more pistons fitted to the respective cylinders as a compressor does during labor As friction occurs between the piston and cylinder lubrication systems require special arrangements to be drive used in some lubricants such as liquid water. Either may be used with liquids contaminated with abrasive particles that result for the set.

Plunger pumps


These pumps move the liquid through apertures of a flexible, durable material, placed inside a closed body to be operated from the outside by a reciprocating mechanism

Diaphragm pumps


Also called rotary piston pump, an eccentric and consists of a slotted arm on top

Cam and Piston Pumps


USES

Pumping from shallow wells Deep Well Pumping For variable water levels Fire Pumps Transfer and circulation pumps Operation by windmills High pressure loads Boiler feed Pumping of oil and gasoline Crop dusters

PISTON PUMPS

Piston pumps are of pumps, and are used for the movement of fluids at high pressure or high fluid viscosities or densities

FUNCTION

A piston pump uses a reciprocating piston pin to move the fluid through a shaft by means of a cylinder-shaped chamber. As the piston moves through the cylinder, the pressure builds up and forces the fluid through the pump. This fluid causes the pump to vibrate due to the motion of the piston through the cylinder

PISTON PUMPS

Radial piston pumps Axial piston pumps

RADIAL PISTON PUMPS

Radial piston pump consists of a series of pistons arranged radially on a housing, driving the fluid from the cylinder through a discharge valve to be actuated by an eccentric and suck the fluid to the piston cylinder to be returned along the eccentric by the action of springs.

These pumps are characterized by high development pressures and the flow is pulsating provide.

AXIAL PISTON PUMPS

The axial piston pump has a piston moving axially in the respective cylinders, thanks to the movement generated when these on a slide plate having a slope capable of being varied to alter the flow rate for a given speed.

If plaque is left tilt the pump flow is zero.

PISTON PUMPS

ADVANTAGEPiston pumps have a wide range of pressure, pressure can reach high levels, and pressure can be controlled without

impacting the flow rate. Piston pumps have a continuous rate of discharge. Changes in pressure and discharge rate have minimal effect on performance. Piston pumps can handle viscous fluids, high volumes of gas and solids, only if the

valves are designed correctly

DISADVANTAGESPiston pumps cost more per unit to operate compared with centrifugal pumps and roll. The mechanical components are subject to wear, so that the maintenance costs can be high. The valves must be resistant to abrasives for large solids to pass through them. Piston pumps are heavy due to its large

size and weight of the crankshaft that drives the pump.

PISTON PUMPS APPLICATIONS

MINING INDUSTRY AND CONSTRUCTION

• Concrete Pumping• Pumping of water at high pressure to drill• As a filling pump oil reservoirs in oil wells.

AGRICULTURE

• As a pump for spraying and pesticide treatments• As transfer pump in warehouses.

MANUFACTURE OF HIGH PRESSURE WATER

• To cleaners.• For equipment water .• In sandblasting equipment for high pressure water.

FIXED VOLUME PUMPS

These are pumps that can not be adjusted to increase or decrease the amount of fluid moving in a pump cycle.

GEAR PUMPS

This type of pump produces the transport fluid flow between the teeth of the two meshing gears. One is driven by the shaft of the pump (motor), and this rotates the other (free).

MAIN FEATURES

Can provide a flow of 1 to 600 (L / min.)-Pressures from 200 to 4000 psi-Speed of 500 to 3,000 (rpm)-Maximum working temperature 70 ° C

GEAR PUMP LOW PRESSURE

What happens is the source of a vacuum in the suction when the teeth are separated by the increased volume in the suction chamber.

BOMBAS

Amplitud

Presión

Volumen

Amplitud

Velocidad

Eficiencia

Volumen

Eficiencia Total

Bomba de engrane Baja Presión

0 Lb/plg2 5 Gal/min 500 rpm 80 % 75 – 80 %

Bomba engrane 1500 Lb/plg2

1500 Lb/plg2 10 Gal/min 1200 rpm80 % 75 – 80 %

Bomba engrane 2000 Lb/plg2

2000 Lb/plg2 15 Gal/ min 1800 rpm

90 %

80 - 85%

Bomba Paleta equilibrio 1000 Lb/plg2

1000 Lb/plg2 1.1 – 55 Gal/min 1000 rpm > 90 % 80 – 85 %

Bomba Pistón Placa empuje angular

3000 Lb/plg2

5000 Lb/plg2

2 – 120 Gal/min

7.5 – 41 Gal/min

1200–1800 rpm

90 %

90 %

> 85 %

> 80 %

Diseño Dynex 6000 – 8000 Lb/plg2

2.9 – 4.2 Gal/min 1200 – 2200 rpm 90 % > 85 %

GEAR PUMPS HIGH PRESSURE

These are mainly used to inject all kinds of viscous liquids that are applied in boilers, closed heating and lubrication supporting high and low temperatures and achieved having a volumetric efficiency of 93%.

1500 GEAR PUMPS lb/plg2

In this type of pump are incorporated toothed gears grinding with smooth and tight tolerances. These gears have the shape of teeth designed to enhance pump efficiency and to reduce the noise level in operation.

PUMP FAILURE

DIAGRAM FAILURE CASE

SOUND Is mainly by motors

TEMPERATURE INCREASE

Inadequate cooling, clogged circuit, pressure and high speed, worn parts

FAILURE OF PRESSURE

Pump shaft broken, bad transmission between motor and pump, large circuit leaks

LOW FLOW Broken shaft, air intake suction, very viscous fluid, rotation reversed, clogged filter, air in the circuit

LEAK Leaks in bodies, worn internal parts.

Centrifugal pumps

Centrifugal force

Is the force which tends to distance the objects from the center of shaft rotation by the tangential velocity perpendicular to the radius.

Centrifugal pumps

The main characteristic of the centrifugal pump is to convert energy from a source of motion (motor) first velocity (or kinetic energy) and then into pressure energy.

These pumps use the centrifugal effect to move the fluid and increase its pressure.

Centrifugal pumps

Elements1. Suction: gets the fluid.2. Drive: moving part

generates centrifugal force and the pressure increases.

3. Scroll: part immobile, collect the liquid leaving the impeller and goes to the impulsion pipe.

4. Impulsion pipe: the liquid gets its pressure and speed generated within the pump.

Ht

𝐻𝑚=𝐻𝑡∗𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑛=𝑐2∗𝑈 2

∗𝐶𝑜𝑠𝛼2−𝑐1∗𝑈 1∗𝐶𝑜𝑠𝛼1

𝑔∗𝑛𝑚𝑎𝑛

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

ADVANTAGEReduced size

Relatively quiet serviceEasy operation

Easy disassemblyEconomic operation and assembly

DISADVANTAGESThe operation depends on the input

streamThe lubrication of equipment must be

ensured

BIBLIOGRAPHY

L.S. McNickle, Jr. HIDRÁULICA SIMPLIFICADA. Ed Continental. 4ed. Pag 51 – 90.

Zubicarag Viejo, Manuel. BOMBAS, TEORÍA, DISEÑO Y APLICACIONES. Ed Limusa. 2 ed. 1979.

Kenneth J. McNaughton. BOMBAS, SELECCIÓN, USO Y MANTENIMIENTO. Ed Mc Graw Hill.

Advantages and disadvantages of a piston pump [en línea]. <http://www.ehowenespanol.com/ventajas-desventajas-bomba-piston-hechos_102612/ >. [Consulta: 17 octubre 2013].

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/tipos-bombas/tipos-bombas.shtml#ro#ixzz2ijeujvj7

http://biblioagora.ucevalpo.cl/docs/1045/apuntes%20iii%20bombas.pdf

http://www.ingenierocivilinfo.com/2011/11/bombas-de-desplazamiento-positivo.html

http://biblioagora.ucevalpo.cl/docs/1045/apuntes%20iii%20bombas.pdf

http://www.ehowenespanol.com/ventajas-desventajas-bomba-piston-hechos_102612/

http://www.ehowenespanol.com/ventajas-desventajas-bomba-piston-hechos_102612/

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/tipos-bombas/tipos-bombas.shtml

http://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/tipos-bombas/tipos-bombas.shtml

http://biblioagora.ucevalpo.cl/docs/1045/Apuntes%20III%20BOMBAS.pdf




