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these other diseases. The growing number of pa- tients with OSA may benefit from such a philosophy as well, even if such treatment options and combi- nations are sutured, worn, and inserted instead of swallowed. Scott E. Eveloff, MD, FCCP Kansas City, MO Dr. Eveloff is Attending Physician, Research Medical Center. Correspondence to: Scott E. Eveloff, MD, FCCP, Kansas City Pulmonary Clinic, 303T Research Medical Office Tower, 6420 Prospect Ave, Kansas City, MO 64132; e-mail: DocSEE22@ aol.com References 1 Young T, Palta M, Dempsey J, et al. The occurrence of sleep disordered breathing among middle-aged adults. N Engl J Med 1993; 328:1230 –1235 2 World Health Organization Obesity: preventing and manag- ing the global epidemic; report of a WHO consultation on obesity. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, 1997 3 Kuczmarski RJ, Flegal KM, Campbell SM, et al. Increasing prevalence of overweight among US adults: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1960-1991. 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Utility of home oximetry as a screening test for patients with moderate to severe symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 1999; 22:932–937 11 Yamashiro Y, Kryger MH. CPAP titration for sleep apnea using a split-night protocol. Chest 1995; 107:62– 66 12 Barbe F, Mayoralas LR, Duran J, et al. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure is not effective in patients with sleep apnea but no daytime sleepiness. Ann Intern Med 2001; 134:1015–1023 13 Sher AE, Schechtman KB, Piccerillo JF. The efficacy of surgical modifications of the upper airway in adults with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep 1996; 19: 156 –177 14 Kraiczi H, Hedner J, Dahlof P, et al. Effect of serotonin uptake inhibition on breathing during sleep and daytime symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep 1999; 22:61– 67 15 Clark GT, Arand D, Chung E, et al. Effect of anterior mandibular positioning on obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147:624 – 629 16 Clark GT, Blumenfeld I, Yoffe EP, et al. A crossover study comparing the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure with anterior mandibular positioning devices on patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1996; 109:1477–1483 17 Mehta A, Qian J, Petocz P, et al. A randomized, controlled study of a mandibular advancement splint for obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163:1457– 1461 18 Kribbs NB, Pack A, Kline LR. Objective measurement of patterns of nasal CPAP use by patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 147:887– 895 19 Schmidt-Nowara W, Meade T, Hays M. Treatment of snoring and obstructive sleep apnea with a dental orthosis. Chest 1991; 99:1378 –1385 20 Eveloff SE, Rosenberg CL, Carlisle CC, et al. Efficacy of a Herbst mandibular advancement device in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994; 149:905–909 21 Ferguson KA, Ono T, Lowe A, et al. A randomized crossover study of an oral appliance vs nasal-continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of mild-moderate obstructive sleep apnea. Chest 1996; 109:1269 –1275 22 Pancer J, Al-Faifi S, Al-Faifi M, et al. Evaluation of variable mandibular advancement for treatment of snoring and sleep apnea. Chest 1999; 116:1511–1518 23 Henke KG, Frantz DE, Kuna ST. An oral elastic mandibular advancement device for obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161:420 – 425 24 Millman RP, Rosenberg CL, Carlisle CC, et al. The efficacy of oral appliances in the treatment of persistent sleep apnea after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. Chest 1998; 113:992–996 25 Mortimore IL, Bradley PA, Murray JAM, et al. Uvulopalato- pharyngoplasty may compromise nasal CPAP therapy in sleep apnea syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154: 1759 –1762 26 O’Sullivan RA, Hillman DR, Mateljan R, et al. Mandubular advancement splint: an appliance to treat snoring and ob- structive sleep apnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:194 –198 27 Fritsch KM, Iseli A, Russi EW, et al. Side effects of mandib- ular advancement devices for sleep apnea treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164:813– 818 Pulmonary Blastomycosis A Great Masquerader B lastomyces dermatitidis is one of the dimorphic fungi known to cause disease primarily within certain endemic areas scattered throughout the world. The endemic regions of North America blas- tomycosis include the southeastern, south central, and midwestern states (especially areas bordering the Mississippi and Ohio Rivers and the Great Lakes), adjacent areas of Canada, and a small area in upper New York State and Canada that follows the St. Lawrence River. Within these areas, blastomyco- sis has occurred sporadically or in outbreaks. Infec- tion is acquired via inhalation of airborne spores from disturbed contaminated soil. Although B der- matitidis is highly infectious, symptomatic disease seems to develop in less than half of those infected. CHEST / 121 / 3 / MARCH, 2002 677
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Pulmonary Blastomycosis

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