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PUBOFF | B2015CASE DIGESTS

CSC v. Sojor

May 22, 2008Reyes

alycatSUMMARY:Soo! "as a##o$%te& P!es$&e%t o' Ce%t!al ($sayasPolytec)%$c Colle*e +y t)e %$-e!s$ty.s Boa!& o' T!stees/)e% )e "as a&$%$st!at$-ely c)a!*e&, Soo! a!*e& t)at )e"as a #!es$&e%t$al a##o$%tee, )e%ce, %ot s+ect to t)e!$s&$ct$o% o' t)e CSC/ T)e CSC &$s$sse& t)$s a!*e%t,+t $t "as ssta$%e& +y t)e CA/ T)e SC !e-e!se& t)e CA a%)el& t)e CSC, !l$%* t)at T)e CSC )as !$s&$ct$o% o-e!Soo!.s case/

DOCTRINE:T)e CSC )as +ee% *!a%te& !$s&$ct$o% o-e! allc$-$l se!-$ce #os$t$o%s $% t)e *o-e!%e%t se!-$ce, ")et)e!ca!ee! o! %o%ca!ee!/ T)e Re-$se& U%$'o! Rles o%A&$%$st!at$-e Cases $% t)e C$-$l Se!-$ce 3CSC Rles4 s#ellsot t)e s#ec$c !$s&$ct$o% o' t)e !e*$o%al o6ce a%& t)eCo$ss$o% $tsel'/ All e+e!s o' t)e c$-$l se!-$ce a!e %&e!t)e !$s&$ct$o% o' t)e CSC, %less ot)e!"$se #!o-$&e&/

FACTS:

x T)e Boa!& o' T!stees 3BOT4 o' Ce%t!al ($sayasPolytec)%$c Colle*e3%o" 7e*!os O!$e%tal StateU%$-e!s$ty4 a##o$%te& e%!y Soo! as sc)ool #!es$&e%tt"o te!s $% a !o" %&e! RA 8292 3$*)e! E&cat$o%Mo&e!%$:at$o% Act o' 199;4/

x T)!ee a&$%$st!at$-e cases1 "e!e le& +y CP(C'aclty +e'o!e t)e CSC Re*$o%al O6ce4 7e#ot$s

1/ D$s)o%esty, M$sco%&ct, a%& Fals$cat$o% o'O6c$al Doce%t

2/ D$s)o%esty, G!a-e M$sco%&ct, a%& Co%&ctP!e&$c$al to t)e Best I%te!est o' t)e Se!-$ce

>/ 7e#ot$s

x Soo! o-e& to &$s$ss t"o o' t)e cases, a!*$%* t)att)e CSC )a& %o !$s&$ct$o% o-e! )$ s$%ce )e $s a#!es$&e%t$al a##o$%tee, %&e! t)e &$sc$#l$%a!y!$s&$ct$o% o' t)e O6ce o' t)e P!es$&e%t/

o T)e CSC Re*$o%al O6ce &e%$e& t)e ot$o% to&$s$ss/

x Soo!a##eale& to t)e CSC, a!*$%* t)at s$%ce t)e BOT$s )ea&e& +y t)e Co$ttee o% $*)e! E&cat$o%C)a$!#e!so%, ")o "as %&e! t)e O6ce o' t)eP!es$&e%t, t)e% t)e BOT "as also %&e! t)e OP/ A%&+e$%* a##o$%te& +y t)e BOT, )e s)ol& +e co%s$&e!e&a #!es$&e%t$al a##o$%tee/

x T)e CSC &$s$sse& Soo!.s a##eal a%& at)o!$:e& $ts!e*$o%al o6ce to #!ocee& "$t) t)e $%-est$*at$o%/Soo! "as #!e-e%t$-ely &$s$sse& 'o! 90 &ays/

o S$%ce t)e P!es$&e%t o' a state colle*e $sa##o$%te& +y t)e colle*e BOT, $t $s c!ystalclea! t)at )e $s %ot a #!es$&e%t$al a##o$%tee/

o T)e CSC a%& t)e CP(C BOT )a-e co%c!!e%t!$s&$ct$o% o-e! cases a*a$%st CP(C o6c$alsa%& e#loyees/

x T)e CA !esol-e& $% 'a-o! o' Soo! a%& e%o$%e& t)eCSC '!o #!ocee&$%* "$t) t)e a&$%$st!at$-e$%-est$*at$o%/

o T)e *o-e!%$%* +oa!& 3BOT4 s)all )a-e t)es#ec$c #o"e!s a%& &t$es?/ To !eo-e'aclty e+e!s a%& a&$%$st!at$-e o6c$alsa%& e#loyees 'o! case $% acco!&a%ce "$t)t)e !e@$!ee%ts o' &e #!ocess o' la"/

ISSUE: Does t)e CSC )a-e !$s&$ct$o% o-e! Soo!.s caseYES

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Ce!ta$%ly, aca&e$c $%st$tt$o%s a%& #e!so%%el a!e *!a%te&"$&e lat$t&e o' act$o% %&e! t)e #!$%c$#le o' aca&e$c'!ee&o/ Aca&e$c '!ee&o e%co#asses t)e '!ee&o to&ete!$%e ")o ay teac), ")o ay +e ta*)t, )o" $t s)all+e ta*)t, a%& ")o ay +e a&$tte& to st&y/Follo"$%* t)at

&oct!$%e, t)$s Co!t )as !eco*%$:e& t)at $%st$tt$o%s o' )$*)e!lea!%$%* )as t)e '!ee&o to &ec$&e 'o! $tsel' t)e +estet)o&s to ac)$e-e t)e$! a$s a%& o+ect$-es, '!ee '!oots$&e coe!c$o%, ece#t ")e% t)e "el'a!e o' t)e *e%e!al#+l$c so !e@$!es/

T)$s #!$%c$#le, )o"e-e!, %&s %o a##l$cat$o% $% t)e #!ese%tcase/ T)e a&$%$st!at$-e co#la$%ts le& a*a$%st Soo!$%-ol-e -$olat$o%s o' c$-$l se!-$ce !les/ Aca&e$c '!ee&o&oes %ot *$-e a% $%st$tt$o% t)e %+!$&le& at)o!$ty to#e!'o! acts "$t)ot a%y statto!y +as$s/ Fo! t)at !easo%, asc)ool o6c$al, ")o $s a e+e! o' t)e c$-$l se!-$ce, ay %ot

+e #e!$tte& to co$t -$olat$o%s o' c$-$l se!-$ce !les %&e!t)e st$cat$o% t)at )e "as '!ee to &o so %&e! t)e #!$%c$#leo' aca&e$c '!ee&o/

DIS)OSITI*E: CA !e-e!se&/ CSC !e$%state&/ T)e CSC )as!$s&$ct$o% o-e! Soo!.s case/

+eron,a v *are!aFebruary 22, 2008

Austria-Martinez, J.Oswald P. Imbat

SUMMARY: Ge!o%*a, E%*$%ee! I( e#loye& +y Ca&$: C$ty,"as s+ecte& to t"o a&$%$st!at$-e cases/ U#o% t"oRecoe%&at$o%s o' &$s$ssal o' t)e C$ty He*al O6ce!!es#ect$%* t)e t"o cases, Mayo! (a!ela &$s$sse& Ge!o%*a,")o $%co!#o!ate& t)e Recoe%&at$o%s $% a Meo!a%&se%t to t)e latte!/ Ge!o%*a le& a %ot$ce o' a##eal "$t) t)eCSC, assa$l$%* )$s &$s$ssal as e+o&$e& $% t)eMeo!a%&/ I% )$s eo!a%& +e'o!e t)e CSC,)o"e-e!, )e o%ly &$scsse& o%e case/ T)e CSC !le& $%

Ge!o%*a.s 'a-o! $% o%e o' t)e cases/ o"e-e!, %&$%* t)att)e ot)e! case "as %ot a##eale&, $t ssta$%e& )$s &$s$ssal/So &$& t)e CA/ T)e SC !e-e!se&, !l$%* t)at, Ge!o%*a.s%ot$ce o' a##eal eect$-ely $%cl&e& t)e ot)e! case a%&, $%a%y case, t)e Recoe%&at$o% a%& t)e Meo!a%&

"e!e $sse& $% -$olat$o% o' Ge!o%*a.s !$*)t to &e #!ocess,+ecase )e "as 'o%& l$a+le 'o! a% oe%se %ot c)a!*e& $%t)e case/

DOCTRINE: A !ecoe%&at$o% to &$s$ss $s t)atco%ta$%e& $% a 'o!al $%-est$*at$o% !e#o!t $sse& +y a)ea!$%* o! $%-est$*at$%* o6ce! a%& s+$tte& to t)e&$sc$#l$%$%* at)o!$ty 'o! a##!o-al/ Sc) !ecoe%&at$o%sa!e %ot t)e #!o#e! s+ect atte! o' a% a##eal to t)e CSC/

I% co%t!ast, a &ec$s$o%J!esolt$o% o' &$s$ssal $s t)at!e%&e!e& +y t)e &$sc$#l$%$%* at)o!$ty a'te! !ece$#t o' t)e!ecoe%&at$o% o' t)e $%-est$*at$%*J)ea!$%* o6ce!, a%&

o% t)e +as$s o' )$s $%&e#e%&e%t assesse%t o' t)e case/ It$s t)e &ec$s$o% ")$c) ay +e a##eale& o! +e s+ect o'eect$o%, $' al!ea&y %al/

FACTS:1/ Be%a$% Ge!o%*a "o!Ke& as E%*$%ee! I( at t)e Ge%e!al

Se!-$ces De#t/, Ca&$: C$ty/a/ I% 199, )e "as $%-ol-e& $% t"o a&$%$st!at$-e cases0 &ays, o! %e $% a%

ao%t ecee&$%* >0 &ays sala!y, &eot$o% $% !a%K o!sala!y o! t!a%s'e!, !eo-al o! &$s$ssal '!o o6ce/

+/ T)e #!e-$os *ni#$rm +ules, $#lee%t$%* sa$!o-$s$o%s, &e%e& a arty ad&ersely a/ected as t)e!es#o%&e%t a*a$%st ")o a &ec$s$o% $% a &$sc$#l$%a!y

case )as +ee% !e%&e!e&/c/ o"e-e!, #!sa%t &. Dac$yc$y, ")e!e t)eco%c!!$%* o#$%$o% o' Pun$, .J.state& t)at $t $s n$nse4uitur to co%te%& t)at s$%ce soe &ec$s$o%seo%e!at$%* #+l$c o6c$als '!o $%o! oe%ses ca%%ot+e a##eale&, er%$, e-e% a &ec$s$o% ac@$tt$%* a*o-e!%e%t o6c$al '!o a ao! oe%se l$Ke %e#ot$sca%%ot also +e a##eale&, t)e CSC ae%&e& t)e*ni#$rm +ules/

&/ T)s, Mayo! (a!ela, as t)e a##o$%t$%* a%& &$sc$#l$%$%*at)o!$ty, $s co%s$&e!e& a !eal #a!ty $% $%te!est, a%&ay le a% MR/

2/ T)e +as$s o' t)e !eco%s$&e!at$o% o' t)e CSC, ")$c) "ast)e %al$ty o' t)e &ec$s$o% $% AC 90, $s e!!o%eos/a/ T)e CA a%& CSC &ecla!e& as %al a%& eecto!y t)e

&ec$s$o% $% AC 90 o% t)e sole *!o%& t)at Ge!o%*a'a$le& to a##eal '!o sa$& Dec$s$o% &ate& Dece+e! 1,199;"$t)$% 15 &ays/

+/ T)e CSC a%& CA "e!e %&e! t)e e!!o%eos $#!ess$o%t)at $% AC 90, Mayo! (a!ela $sse& a Dec$s$o%&ate& Dece+e! 1, 199; a%& t)at $t $s t)$s &ec$s$o%")$c) Ge!o%*a s)ol& )a-e a##eale&/

c/ )at $s &ate& Dece+e! 1, 199; $s e!ely t)eRecoe%&at$o% o' Del P$la!/ T)e 'o!al &ec$s$o% o'

!es#o%&e%t $s Meo!a%& &ate& Na%a!y 8, 1998/&/ T)e!e $s a ate!$al &$e!e%ce +et"ee% a e!e!ecoe%&at$o% to &$s$ss a% e#loyee a%& a%a&$%$st!at$-e &ec$s$o% se%te%c$%* )$ "$t) &$s$ssal/

e/ U%&e! ecti$n 5, +ule III, *ni#$rm +ules, a!ecoe%&at$o% to &$s$ss $s t)at co%ta$%e& $% a'o!al $%-est$*at$o% !e#o!t $sse& +y a )ea!$%* o!$%-est$*at$%* o6ce! a%& s+$tte& to t)e &$sc$#l$%$%*at)o!$ty 'o! a##!o-al/$/ )$le t)e !ecoe%&at$o%s o' Del P$la! co%ta$% t)e

a##!o-al o' Mayo! (a!ela as &$sc$#l$%$%* at)o!$ty,

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+ot) e!ely state %&$%*s o' r$bable cause t)atGe!o%*a $s *$lty o' t)e a&$%$st!at$-e c)a!*es le&a*a$%st )$ a%& !ecoe%& t)at )e +e &$s$sse&/

$$/ T)ese !ecoe%&at$o%s a!e %ot t)e #!o#e! s+ectatte! o' a% a##eal to t)e CSC 1+ubi$ &. Munar/

'/ I% co%t!ast, a &ec$s$o%J!esolt$o% o' &$s$ssal $s t)at!e%&e!e& +y t)e &$sc$#l$%$%* at)o!$ty a'te! !ece$#t o't)e !ecoe%&at$o% o' t)e $%-est$*at$%*J)ea!$%*o6ce!, a%& o% t)e +as$s o' )$s indeendentassesse%t o' t)e case/$/ T)e Meo!a%& $sse& +y Mayo! (a!ela $s o' t)$s

ty#e/$$/ It $s t)e &ec$s$o% ")$c) ay +e a##eale& o! +e

s+ect o' eect$o%, $' al!ea&y %al/$$$/ 6'is Mem$randum is t'e decisi$n $# May$r 7arela,

n$t ust in A !9-05, but als$ in A !9-0: / )$le $t!e'e!!e& to a s$%*la! Resolt$o%JRecoe%&at$o%

o' Del P$la!, t"o "e!e attac)e&, all o' ")$c) "e!e!ece$-e& +y Ge!o%*a o% Na%a!y 9, 1998/*/ T)s, t)e %ot$ce o' a##eal le& +y Ge!o%*a +e'o!e t)e

CSC, &$st$%ctly stat$%* t)at )e $s a##eal$%* )$s&$s$ssal as e+o&$e& $% t)e Meo!a%&, eect$-ely$%cl&e& AC 90/

>/ T)e Recoe%&at$o% a%& Meo!a%& "e!e $sse& $%-$olat$o% o' Ge!o%*a.s !$*)t to &e #!ocess, 'o! %&$%*)$ l$a+le 'o! a% oe%se %ot c)a!*e&/a/ T)e CSC a%& CA &$& %ot looK $%to t)e e!$ts o' AC 9

0, a&)e!$%* $%stea& to t)e +as$c !le t)at a #a!ty ")o'a$ls to c$te s#ec$c *!o%&s o! a!*e%ts $s &eee& to

)a-e "a$-e& t)e/+/ T)e !le, )o"e-e!, $s %ot sac!osa%ct/ It y$el&s to t)e$#e!at$-es o' e@$ty, as $% cases ")e!e at staKe $s t)esec!$ty o' te%!e o' la+o!, ")$c) $s co%st$tt$o%ally#!otecte&/

c/ As $% t)e cases o' PA;O+ &. An%ara and $nstantin$-Da&id &. Pan%andaman-;ania, ")$c) allo"e& +elate&cla$s 'o! +acK"a*es $% t)e +!oa&e! $%te!est o' st$ce,so too st Ge!o%*a, %a$&e& +y co%sel, +e allo"e&!e&!ess, s$%ce, as $t t!%s ot, #o% !e-$e", t)e

Mem$randum, $%so'a! as $t !elates to AC 90, $s#ate%tly -o$&/

&/ T"o '%&ae%tal !e@$!ee%ts o' &e #!ocess $%a&$%$st!at$-e cases a!e t)at 314 a #e!so% st +e&ly $%'o!e& o' t)e c)a!*es a*a$%st )$= a%& 324 )e

ca%%ot +e co%-$cte& o' a% oe%se o! c!$e "$t) ")$c))e "as %ot c)a!*e&/ A &e-$at$o% '!o t)ese!e@$!ee%ts !e%&e!s t)e #!ocee&$%* $%-al$& a%& t)e&*e%t $sse& t)e!e$% a la"less t)$%* t)at ca% +est!cK &o"% a%yt$e/

e/ In t'is case, t)e !eco!&s o' AC 90 !e-eal t)atGe!o%*a "as &$s$sse& 'o! a% act ")$c) "as %otalle*e& $% t)e a&$%$st!at$-e c)a!*e le& a*a$%st )$/

'/ AC 90 a!ose '!o a co#la$%t +y Ro&!$*o Mate!oc)a!*$%* Ge!o%*a "$t) %st -eat$o%, *!oss$sco%&ct, $%s+o!&$%at$o%, co%&ct %+eco$%* a#+l$c o6ce! a%& ala! a%& sca%&al, alle*e&ly

co$tte& t)!o*)< 3a4 )$s !e'sal to co#ly "$t)se-e!al o!&e!s $sse& +y Mayo! (a!ela a%& Mateo 'o!t)e l$%* o' &a$ly t$e !eco!&s= a%& 3+4 )$s )a-$%*c)alle%*e& Mateo to a st*)t/ T)e S+#oe%a $sse&+y Del P$la! !elate& to )$s $%-est$*at$o% as "ell as t)ee-$&e%ce sa!$:e& $% )$s Recoe%&at$o% #e!ta$%ssolely to t)ese $%c$&e%ts/

*/

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to &e'e! to t)e #!e!o*at$-e o' t)e #!$a!y &$sc$#l$%$%*at)o!$ty, t)e $%c+e%t Ca&$: C$ty Mayo!, ")et)e! o!%ot to #!se sa$& a&$%$st!at$-e case/

DIS)OSITI*E:

Pet$t$o% $s *!a%te&/ CSC a%& CA Resolt$o%s !e-e!se&/Meo!a%& a%& Recoe%&at$o% $% AC 90 a%%lle&/AC 90 !ea%&e& to Ca&$: C$ty Mayo! 'o! #!o#e!&$s#os$t$o%/

RUBENECIA v. CSC

May >1, 1995Nst$ce Fel$c$a%o

tecsKat

SUMMARY:

R+e%ec$a "as c)a!*e& $% a% a&$% case/ )$le )$s case"as #e%&$%* +e'o!e t)e MSPB, t)e CSC $sse& a Resolt$o%")$c) #!o-$&e& t)at cases #e%&$%* +e'o!e t)e MSPB "e!e to+e ele-ate& to t)e CSC 'o! &ec$s$o%/ R+e%ec$a @est$o%e&t)e #o"e! o' t)e CSC to &o so/ T)e Co!t )el& t)at t)e MSPBay +e t)e s+ect o' o!*a%$:at$o%al c)a%*e $#lee%te&+y t)e CSC/ T)e '%ct$o%s o' t)e MSPB !elat$%* to t)e&ete!$%at$o% o' a&$%$st!at$-e &$sc$#l$%a!y cases "e!e !eallocate& to t)e Co$ss$o% $tsel'/ T)e #!#ose o' t)eResolt$o% $s to st!eal$%e t)e o#e!at$o% o' t)e CSC

DOCTRINE:

T)e 198; A&$% Co&e a&e $t clea! t)at MSPB "as $%te%&e&to +e a% o6ce o' t)e CSC/ It $s %ot a% ato%oos e%t$ty/

S$%ce $t $s a #a!t o' t)e $%te!%al st!ct!e a%& o!*a%$:at$o% o't)e CSC t)e% $t $s a #!o#e! s+ect o' o!*a%$:at$o%al c)a%*e/

FACTS:

1/ Teac)e!s o' Cata!a% 7at.l $*) Sc)ool le& +e'o!e t)eMe!$t Syste P!otect$o% Boa!& 3MSPB4 a% a&$%$st!at$-ecase a*a$%st Sc)ool P!$%c$#al R+le R+e%ec$a 'o!&$s)o%esty, %e#ot$s, o##!ess$o% a%& -$olat$o% o' C$-$lSe!-$ce !les/

2/ A'te! a #!el$ $%-est$*at$o%, MSPB 'o!ally c)a!*e&R+e%ec$a a%& !e@$!e& )$ to le a% a%s"e!/ I%stea& o'l$%* a% a%s"e!, R+e%ec$o asKe& t)at )e +e '!%$s)e&co#$es o' t)e &oce%ts s+$tte& +y t)e co#la$%a%ts/

>/ T)e CSC Re*$o%al D$! $%-$te& R+e%ec$o to )$s o6ce to#$cK # t)e &oce%ts/ R+e%ec$o !e@este& t)at )$s -$s$t+e &e'e!!e& +ecase o' alle*e& #!o+les $% sc)ool/

/ T)e CSC !e$te!ate& t)at R+e%ec$o le )$s a%s"e!/R+e%ec$o $%s$ste& t)at )e +e '!%$s)e& co#$es o' t)e&oce%ts/

5/ T)e Re*.l D$! set t)e case 'o! )ea!$%* e-e% t)o*)R+e%ec$o &$& %ot le )$s a%s"e!/ o"e-e!, t)e )ea!$%* &$&%ot taKe #lace s$%ce t)e co#la$%a%ts &$& %ot s)o" #/

R+e%ec$o a##ea!e& at t)e )ea!$%* +t )e st$ll &$& %ot le)$s a%s"e!/ T)e Re*.l O6ce t)e% s+$tte& t)e case 'o!!esolt$o% o% t)e +as$s o' t)e &oce%ts le&/

/ R+e%ec$a "!ote to t)e C)a$!a% o' t)e CSC/ e #!aye&t)at t)e case +e &$s$sse& a%& s+$tte& &oce%tss##o!t$%* )$s cla$ o' $%%oce%ce/

;/ T)e Re*.l D$! s+$tte& a% $%-est$*at$o% !e#o!t to MSPB/Be'o!e MSPB col& !e%&e! a &ec$s$o%, t)e Co$ss$o% $sse&

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Reso!"t#on /012034 ")$c) #!o-$&e& t)at cases #e%&$%*+e'o!e t)e MSPB "e!e to +e ele-ate& to t)e CSC 'o!&ec$s$o%/

8/ Acco!&$%*ly, t)e CSC tooK o-e! t)e case a%& 'o%&

R+e%ec$o *$lty a%& o!&e!e& )$s &$s$ssal/

RUBENECIA5s AR+UMENTS:

6. CSC has no j"r#sd#ct#on over the adn case

beca"se Res /012034 #s #nva!#d. S#nce the MS)B %as a

creat#on o7 !a then #t co"!d on!' be abo!#shed b' !a%.

2/ De%$e& &e #!ocess/

ISSUES:

1/ 8ON the CSC had a"thor#t' to #ss"e Res /012034and ass"&e j"r#sd#ct#on over the adn case.1YES

2/ O7 R+e%ec$a "as &e%$e& &e #!ocess/7O

RATIO:

ISSUE 12>8;, "e!e !e@$!e& to+e ele-ate& to t)e Co$ss$o% 'o! %al !esolt$o%/

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;/ T)e '%ct$o%s o' t)e MSPB !elat$%* to t)e &ete!$%at$o% o'a&$%$st!at$-e &$sc$#l$%a!y cases "e!e !eallocate& to t)eCo$ss$o% $tsel'/ T)ese c)a%*es "e!e #!esc!$+e& +y t)eCo$ss$o% $% $ts eo!t to st!eal$%e t)e o#e!at$o% o' t)eCSC ")$c) $% t!% !e@$!e& t)e s$#l$cat$o% o' systes,

ctt$%* o' !e& ta#e a%& el$$%at$o% o' a% %%ecessa!y+!eac!at$c laye!/

8/ Resolt$o% 9>2>8; &$& %ot #!#o!t to a+ol$s) t)e MSPB%o! to eect t)e te!$%at$o% o' t)e !elat$o%s)$# o' #+l$ce#loye%t +et"ee% t)e Co$ss$o% a%& a%y o' $ts o6ce!so! e#loyees/ E-e% $' Resolt$o% 9>2>8; )a& #!#o!te& to&o so, R+e%ec$a, ")o &oes %ot cla$ to +e a% o6ce! o!e#loyee o' t)e MSPB, )as %o #e!so%al$ty o! sta%&$%* toco%test sc) te!$%at$o% o' #+l$c e#loye%t/

9/ Re*a!&$%* R+e%ec$a.s co%te%t$o% t)at t)e CSC &$& %otac@$!e !$s&$ct$o% o-e! t)e case s$%ce )e &$& %ot *et a%y"!$tte% %ot$ce, Resolt$o% 9>2>8; &$& %ot !e@$!e $%&$-$&al"!$tte% %ot$ce se%t +y a$l to #a!t$es $% a&$%$st!at$-e cases#e%&$%* +e'o!e t)e MSPB/ Ass$%* t)at R+e%ec$a )a& %ot$% 'act +ee% se%t a% $%&$-$&al %ot$ce, t)e 'act !ea$%s t)atResolt$o% 9>2>8; "as #+l$s)e& $% a %e"s#a#e! o' *e%e!alc$!clat$o% so t)e Co$ss$o% ay acco!&$%*ly +e &eee&to )a-e co#l$e& s+sta%t$ally "$t) t)e !e@$!ee%t o'"!$tte% %ot$ce $% $ts o"% Resolt$o%/ Mo!eo-e!, R+e%ec$a

)$sel' )a& $%s$ste& o% #lea&$%* +e'o!e t)e Co$ss$o%,!at)e! t)a% +e'o!e t)e MSPB ")e% )e le& +e'o!e t)e CSC)$s lette!ca%%ees ")$c) eect$-ely "as )$s a%s"e! tot)e Fo!al C)a!*e $%st$tte& +e'o!e t)e MSPB/ e ca%%ot%o" +e )ea!& to @est$o% t)e !$s&$ct$o% o' t)e Co$ss$o%/

ISSUE 24 t)at t)e!es#o%&e%tWs co%t$%e& stay $% o6ce ay #!e&$ce t)e case

le& a*a$%st )$ $s #!ese%t/

FACTS:1/ Beat!$: Pel$o 3PEHIXO4 $s t)e )ea& o' t)e BIR Ha!*eTa#aye!s. Doce%t P!ocess$%* a%& Qal$ty Ass!a%ceD$-$s$o%, ")$le Nose#) Al+e!t Pel$o CaK$ 3CUAYI4 a##ea!so% !eco!& as PEHIXO.s so% +y o%e Al'o%so CaK$ 3Al'o%so4/CUAYI.s +$!t) ce!t$cate l$ste& PEHIXO a%& Al'o%so as )$s#a!e%ts/

2/ O% May 11, 2005, t)e F$el& I%-est$*at$o% O6ce o' t)eO6ce o' t)e O+&sa% le& a co#la$%t a*a$%st Beat!$:

Pel$o 3PEHIXO4 a%& Nose#) Al+e!t Pel$o CaK$ 3CUAYI4 'o!-$olat$o% o' t)e 'ollo"$%* la"s/a/ E$*)tee% co%ts o' #e!!y %&e! A!t/ 18>, RPC, 'o!%ot aK$%* a t!e &eta$le& SAH7=+/ RA ;1>, $% !e*a!& to t)e l$%* o' SAH7=c/ D$s)o%est a%& *!a-e $sco%&ct %&e! EO 292, asae%&e& +y CSC C$!cla! 7o/ 19&/ RA 1>;9, 'o! alle*e& %e#la$%e& "ealt)

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>/ T)e co#la$%t c)a!*es PEHIXO "$t) $lle*ally ac@$!$%* a%&acclat$%* t)e 'ollo"$%* #!o#e!ty a%& $%-este%ts, a%&$%c!!$%* e#e%ses a%& l$a+$l$t$es *!ossly &$s#!o#o!t$o%ate to)e! $%coe a%& ea!%$%* ca#ac$ty as a *o-e!%e%te#loyee, a%& 'o! %ot &$sclos$%* t)e sae $% )e! SAH7/ 3I

will $nly include t'e r$erties t'at were enumerated in t'e?s rati$/4

/ I% !elat$o% to t)e c)a!*e o' &$s)o%esty a%& *!a-e$sco%&ct, a#a!t '!o )e! 'a$l!e to le t!e &eta$le& SAH7,PEHIXO also o$tte& to &ecla!e $% )e! Pe!so%al Data S)eett)at s)e )as a so%/ S)e cla$s t)at s)e $s s$%*le/

5/ T)e co#la$%t also so*)t t)e #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o% o'PEHIXO 'o! s$ o%t)s "$t)ot #ay, $% acco!&a%ce "$t) t)eO+&sa% Act/

/ O% A*st , 2005, PEHIXO le& a S"o!% E#la%at$o%&eta$l$%* )e! &e'e%ses/

;/ O% A*st >1, 2005, A P!e-e%t$-e Ss#e%s$o% 3'o! a#e!$o& o' o%t)s4 O!&e! "as $sse&/ PEHIXO "as also&$!ecte& to le )e! co%te!a6&a-$t/

8/PEHIXO le& a% U!*e%t Mot$o% to H$'t O!&e! o' P!e-e%t$-eSs#e%s$o%/ o"e-e!, +e'o!e t)e sa$& !*e%t ot$o% col&+e !esol-e&, PEHIXO ele-ate& t)e atte! to t)e Co!t o'A##eals/ O% Na%a!y 2, 200;, T)e CA *!a%te& PEHIXO.sa##l$cat$o% 'o! t)e $ssa%ce o' TRO a*a$%st t)e

O+&sa%.s P!e-e%t$-e Ss#e%s$o% O!&e!/9/ O% Nly 25, 200;, t)e O+&sa% &$!ecte& t)e #a!t$es tos+$t t)e$! !es#ect$-e #os$t$o% #a#e!s, a'te! ")$c) t)e cases)all +e &eee& s+$tte& 'o! &ec$s$o%/

10/ T)e case )a-$%* +ee% s+$tte& 'o! !esolt$o%, t)e!e $s%o o!e %ee& 'o! #!e-e%t$-ely ss#e%&$%* PEHIXO/ o"e-e!,t)e SC st$ll &ete!$%e& ")et)e! t)e O+&sa% acte& "$t)G!a-e A+se o' D$sc!et$o% $% $ss$%* t)e #!e-e%t$-e

ss#e%s$o% o!&e!/ To &o t)$s, t)e SC st &ete!$%e $' t)ee-$&e%ce o' *$lt $s st!o%*/

ISSUES:as t)e e-$&e%ce o' PEHIXO.s *$lt st!o%* to st$'y t)e

$ssa%ce o' t)e #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o% o!&e!YES.RATIO:T)e O+&sa% Act o' 19892, "$t) !es#ect to t)e$#os$t$o% o' #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o%, !e@$!es t)e 'ollo"$%*to +e s)o"%< E-$&e%ce o' *$lt $s st!o%*= A7D a%y o' t)et)!ee L a4 t)e c)a!*e $%-ol-es &$s)o%esty, o##!ess$o% o!*!a-e $sco%&ct= +4 t)e c)a!*e "a!!a%ts !eo-al '!ose!-$ce= o! c4 t)e !es#o%&e%t.s co%t$%e& stay $% o6ce ay#!e&$ce t)e case le& a*a$%st )$/

SC: The ev#dence o7 ,"#!t #s stron,.

!ropert"# !$%&'Os Supreme

2SECTIO7 2/ P!e-e%t$-e Ss#e%s$o%/ Z T)e O+&sa% o! )$sDe#ty ay #!e-e%t$-ely ss#e%& a%y o6ce! o! e#loyee %&e!)$s at)o!$ty #e%&$%* a% $%-est$*at$o%, $' $% )$s &*e%t t)ee-$&e%ce o' *$lt $s st!o%*, and3a4 t)e c)a!*e a*a$%st sc) o6ce!o! e#loyee $%-ol-es &$s)o%esty, o##!ess$o% o! *!a-e $sco%&cto! %e*lect $% t)e #e!'o!a%ce o' &ty= 3+4 t)e c)a!*es "ol&"a!!a%t !eo-al '!o t)e se!-$ce= or 3c4 t)e !es#o%&e%tWsco%t$%e& stay $% o6ce ay #!e&$ce t)e case le& a*a$%st )$/

T)e #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o% s)all co%t$%e %t$l t)e case $s

te!$%ate& +y t)e O6ce o' t)e O+&sa% +t %ot o!e t)a% s$o%t)s, "$t)ot #ay, ece#t ")e% t)e &elay $% t)e &$s#os$t$o% o't)e case +y t)e O6ce o' t)e O+&sa% $s &e to t)e 'alt,%e*l$*e%ce o! #et$t$o% o' t)e !es#o%&e%t, $% ")$c) case t)e #e!$o&o' sc) &elay s)all %ot +e co%te& $% co#t$%* t)e #e!$o& o'ss#e%s$o% )e!e$% #!o-$&e&/ 3E#)as$s a%& %&e!sco!$%* s##l$e&4

1>

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(ocumentinvolved

(efense)wh"

the" were notincluded in the

SA%*+ wh" therewas no forger",

Courts(etermination

1/ B$!t)ce!t$cate s)o"$%*PEHIXO as CaK$.s#a!e%t/

I% 1985,CUAYI "as +!o*)t+y Al'o%so to )e!)oe/ CUAYI.s'at)e! "as t)e+s$%ess +&&y o'Al'o%so a%& t)at t)e+a+y "asa+a%&o%e& $% t)e)os#$tal/

It "asa&e to a##ea! $%t)e +$!t) ce!t$catet)at PEHIXO a%&Al'o%so "e!ea!!$e& a%& t)at t)e+oy "as t)e$! so%=+t s)e %e-e!s$*%e& t)e +$!t)ce!t$cate/

e!s$*%at!e $% t)e+$!t) ce!t$cate $s a'o!*e!y/

Al'o%so

%ally a&$tte& t)atCUAYI.s 'at)e! $se%!y Go, 'o!e!($ce C)a$!a% o'U%$-e!sal Ro+$%aCo!#o!at$o%/

Al'o%soa%& PEHIXO a!eCUAYI.s #a!e%ts, ast)e +$!t) ce!t$cates)o"s/ Alt)o*)PEHIXO cla$s t)at $t"as 'o!*e&, t)e sa$&&oce%t s+s$stsa%& )as %ot +ee%-o$&e&/

Be$%* a#+l$c &oce%t,t)e +$!t) ce!t$cate

oe!s #!$a 'ac$ee-$&e%ce o' 'ol$at$o%/7o e-$&e%cea&&ce& too-e!t)!o" t)e#!es#t$o%/

-6'isbein% t'e case, t'e cann$t c$nsiderP=3I@O?s claim t'ats'e used t'eam$unt s'ealle%edly recei&ed#r$m ;$ 1w'ic' wasintended #$r *AIt$ ac4uire t'er$erties innumbers t$ 9 andt$ >nance t'eir yearly tris abr$ad.

2/ (alle(e!&e Res$&e%ce

'%&s#!o-$&e& +y e%!yGo

")$le $t

"as $% )e! %ae,s)e !e*a!&e& t)e#!o#e!ty as+elo%*$%* to CUAYI

>/ Sa%Na% Co%&oo%$

'%&s#!o-$&e& +y e%!y

Go CUAYI.s

%a%c$al s##o!t

/ osea%& lot $% Ta*aytay

'%&s#!o-$&e& +y e%!yGo

CUAYI.s%a%c$al s##o!t

5/ Is:Fe*o #$cK#

'%&s#!o-$&e& +y e%!yGo


%ecessa!y 'o! t)eco%st!ct$o% o' t)e)ose $% Ta*aytay

/ ToyotaRA(

'%&s#!o-$&e& +y e%!yGo


sc)oolse!-$ce

;/ F%&s'o! t)e$! yea!ly t!$#s

a+!oa&

'%&s#!o-$&e& +y e%!y

Go

8/ T)!eesto!ey +$l&$%* a%&lot $% Rosa!$o, Ca-$te

s)e "asa e!e t!stee o')e! s$+l$%*s= +ta&$ts s)e $s o%e o't)e co%t!$+to!s,t)s aK$%* )e! acoo"%e! o' t)esae

PEHIXOa&$tte& t)at s)e $so%e o' t)eco%t!$+to!s, t)saK$%* )e! a coo"%e! o' t)e#!o#e!ty/ S)e s)ol&)a-e &ecla!e& t)eete%t o' )e!$%te!est t)e!e$% $%)e! SAH7/

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9/Res$&e%t$al lot $%Ta%:a, Ca-$te

S)e $s ae!e t!stee o' o%eSes$%a%&a, to ")os)e le%t P 50, 000/P!o#e!ty se!-e& ascollate!al/

PEHIXOo+ta$%e& t$tle +y'o!eclos$%* o% t)e#!o#e!ty, +aseo% )e! a&$ss$o%t)at t)e o"%e! o"e&

)e! o%ey/I' t)e#!o#e!ty co%st$tte&e!e collate!al, t)e%$t "ol& )a-e +ee%%%ecessa!y to#lace t)e sae $%PEHIXO.s %ae= ao!t*a*e &ee&"ol& )a-e s6ce&/

T)$ss)ol& )a-e +ee%&ecla!e& $% t)e SAH7

10/ Hots $%7a$c, Ca-$te a%&a*!$clt!al la%& $%Ta%:a, Ca-$te

s)e )ol&s$% $% t!st 'o! t)e!eal o"%e!s

T)e!e $s%o t!st &oce%to! t)e "!$tte%statee%t o!e#la%at$o% o' a%yo%e o' t)e )e$!s o't)e !eal o"%e!s tos)o" t)at s)ee!ely )ol&s t)e#!o#e!ty $% t!st/

11/I%-este%t $% Is!aelA!o! P)$l$##$%es,I%c/

s)e "asa e!e %o$%ee,"$t) %o *e%$%e$%te!est $% t)e%a%c$al sccess o't)e sa$& co!#o!at$o%

I' PEHIXO$s a e!e %o$%ee,t)e!e s)ol& +e a

&oce%t to s)o"t)$s 'act/ Bt t)e!e"as %o%e/

As 'a! ast)e la" $sco%ce!%e&, PEHIXO$s t)e &ecla!e&o"%e! o' t)e$%-este%t/ e!$%te!est t)e!e$%s)ol& +e &ecla!e&$% )e! SAH7/

PEHIXO cla$s s)e $s %ot CUAYI.s +$olo*$cal #a!e%t= a%& t)at$% 198>, o! t"o yea!s +e'o!e CUAYI "as +o!%, s)e )a& )e!te!s s!*$cally !eo-e&/ S)e +laes Al'o%so 'o! o+ta$%$%*t)e +oy.s 'aKe +$!t) #a#e!s ")e!e$% s)e $s &ecla!e& as t)e+oy.s ot)e!/ T)$s $s, )o"e-e!, a atte! o' &e'e%se t)ats)ol& +e +!o*)t &!$%* t!$al/ CUAYI.s ce!t$cate o' l$-e+$!t) #!e-a$ls/

E-e% *!a%t$%* t)at t)e cla$ o' 'o!*e!y $s t!e a%& t)at s)e)a& %ot)$%* to &o "$t) t)e co$ss$o% t)e!eo', a% $%@$!ys)ol& +e a&e $%to t)e ete%t o' PEHIXO.s #a!t$c$#at$o% $%t)e '!a&, taK$%* $%to co%s$&e!at$o% t)at all t)ese yea!s, s)eay )a-e co%&o%e& t)e se o' t)ese &oce%ts, o! )e!sel'se& t)e/

E-e% $' $t "e!e t!e t)at s)e &$& %ot #a!t$c$#ate $% t)e actalco$ss$o% o' t)e 'o!*e!y, s)e -$!tally +ecae a #a!ty tot)e '!a&, #!$-y to t)e se o' t)e 'als$e& &oce%ts o!s$%* t)e )e!sel', tooK a&-a%ta*e o' $t +y +e%et$%* '!ot)e #!act$cal a%& le*al co%se@e%ces e%*e%&e!e& +y t)e$!e!e e$ste%ce a%& se/

F$%ally, CUAYI.s +$!t) ce!t$cate co%st$ttes #!oo' t)atPEHIXO, ")o "as "o!K$%* "$t) t)e BIR, a$%ta$%e& a%a&lte!os !elat$o%s)$# "$t) Al'o%so, ")o "as a!!$e& toRosa CaK$/ I% a&&$t$o% to t)e accsat$o%s a&e a*a$%st

)e!, PEHIXO s)ol& +e c)a!*e& "$t) $o!al$ty as "ell/T)e!e l$Ke"$se a##ea!s to +e st!o%* e-$&e%ce to s**estt)at, a#a!t '!o 'a$l$%* to &$sclose t)e s+ect #!o#e!t$es $%)e! SAH7s, PEHIXO $s )a!+o!$%* %e#la$%e& "ealt) as "ell,co%s$&e!$%* t)e s)ee! %+e! o' !eal a%& #e!so%al#!o#e!t$es ac@$!e& +y )e! $% )e! %ae a%& $% t)at o' CUAYI/D!$%* t)e #e!$o& 199> to 199, PEHIXO a%& CUAYI tooK 'o!34 a%& t"o 324 'o!e$*% t!$#s, a%& PEHIXO ac@$!e& %o lesst)a% 'o! 34 s$:a+le #$eces o' !eal #!o#e!ty< a 5;8s@a!e

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ete! !es$&e%t$al lot $% Ta%:a, Ca-$te 3TCT 08004= a 1/58)ecta!e lot $% 7a$c, Ca-$te 3TCT 8;>4= a 2/09 )ecta!e lot$% 7a$c, Ca-$te 3TCT 8;4= a%& a ,;5s@a!e ete!)ose a%& lot $% Ta*aytay C$ty/

et $% )e! 199>199 SAH7s, s)e &$& %ot &ecla!e a%y cas) $%+a%K= %o! $s t)e!e a%y $%&$cat$o% $% )e! #!e-$os 319819924SAH7s t)at s)e )a& #!o#e!ty ")$c) s)e ay )a-e sol& 3a%&")$c) $s %o lo%*e! &ecla!e& $% )e! 199> a%& 199 SAH7s4 o!a%y +s$%ess $%te!est '!o ")$c) to &!a" '%&s to +e a+le toao!& to ac@$!e t)e sa$& 'o! #$eces o' #!o#e!ty= %o! &$& )e!l$a+$l$t$es $%c!ease= %o! &$& s)e $%)e!$t sa$& #!o#e!t$es= %o!"as s)e a &o%ee t)e!eo', as t)e e-$&e%ce s)o"s t)at s)ea##ea!s to )a-e ac@$!e& all 'o! +y #!c)ase total$%*, #e!#!c)ase #!$ce a%& est$ate o' t)e FIO +ase& o% a!Ket-ale/ T)e &$sc!e#a%cy $s too o+-$os to $*%o!e/

Co%s$&e!$%* PEHIXO.s )$*) !a%K a%& &el$cate o6ce, t)e*!a-$ty o' t)e c)a!*es a*a$%st )e! &$s)o%esty, *!a-e$sco%&ct, acclat$o% o' %e#la$%e& "ealt) a%e!!y, a%& t)e #oss$+$l$ty o' l$%* ot)e! c)a!*es as a !eslto' )e! a&$ss$o%s $% )e! #lea&$%*s, sc) as $o!al$ty,'als$cat$o% a%&Jo! se o' 'als$e& &oce%ts ")$c) e!$t&$s$ssal '!o se!-$ce as t)e co!!es#o%&$%* #e%alty, t)eO6ce o' t)e O+&sa% &$& %ot co$t GAD $% $ss$%* t)e#!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o% o!&e!/

I% t)e $%sta%t case, t)e o!&e! o' #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o% "as$sse& o%ly a'te! PEHIXO le& a s"o!% e#la%at$o% &eta$l$%*)e! &e'e%ses to t)e c)a!*es a&e a*a$%st )e!/ It ay t)s+e sa$& t)at t)e o!&e! 'o! )e! #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o% "as$sse& a'te! assesse%t o' )e! &e'e%ses/ Be$%* so, "e %&%o a+se, c) less *!a-e a+se o' t)e ee!c$se o' t)$s&$sc!et$o%/

8?EREFORE= t)e #et$t$o% $s +RANTED/ T)e assa$le&Dec$s$o% o' t)e Co!t o' A##eals $% CAG/R/ SP 7o/ 9>09&ate& Na%a!y 2, 200; ")$c) a&e #e!a%e%t t)e !$t o'I%%ct$o% e%o$%$%* #et$t$o%e!s '!o #!e-e%t$-elyss#e%&$%* #et$t$o%e! a%& t)e Resolt$o% &ate& Nly >0,

200; &e%y$%* t)e Mot$o% 'o! Reco%s$&e!at$o% a!e )e!e+yANNUEDa%& SET ASIDE.

+obenc#on, v. CAMarc' , 2008

7elasc$, Jr., N/Jadd BaCura%i Dealin$

So!!y 'o! t)e late &$*est/ I &o%.t K%o" ")at s#ec$c to#$c t)$s 'alls%&e!/ Fo! !ec$t$%* t)e 'acts, t)e sa!y s)ol& +e s6c$e%t/

SUMMARY:T)e Ha+o!ato!y U%$t ea& o' a #+l$c )os#$tal

le& a co#la$%t "$t) t)e O+&sa% ($sayas a*a$%stD!/ Go+e%c$o%* &e to )$s !ole $% t)e &$s+!see%t o' '%&s'o! a )eoa%aly:e! e-e% t)o*) $t "as actally %ot&el$-e!e& to t)e )os#$tal/ T)e DO also le& a 'o!alc)a!*e a*a$%st Go+e%c$o%*/ T)e O+&sa% #!e-e%t$-elyss#e%&e& Go+e%c$o%*, ")$c) )e a##eale& to t)e CA/ T)eCA &ec$&e& a*a$%st Go+e%c$o%* so )e "e%t # to t)e SCt)!o*) a Pet$t$o% 'o! Re-$e" o% Ce!t$o!a!$/ Mea%")$le 3$%t)e a$% case4, t)e O+&sa% 'o%& Go+e%c$o%* *$ltya%& ss#e%&e& )$ 'o! 1 yea! "Jo #ay, a%& t)e DORe*$o%al O6ce "as &$!ecte& to $#lee%t t)e ss#e%s$o%/Go+e%c$o%* a##eale& t)$s o!&e! to t)e CA/ A%ot)e! CA

&$-$s$o% set as$&e t)e #e%alty $% t)e O+&sa%.s&ec$s$o%, as to Go+e%c$o%*/ T)e CA &e%$e& Go+e%c$o%*.sMot$o% 'o! Pa!t$al Reco%s$&e!at$o% so Go+e%c$o%* *oes tot)e SC -$a a Pet$t$o% 'o! Re-$e" o% Ce!t$o!a!$/ O% t)e ot)e!)a%&, t)e O+&sa% *oes to t)e SC t)!o*) a Pet$t$o%'o! Re-$e" %&e! Rle 5/ T)e SC co%sol$&ate& t)e t)!ee#et$t$o%s 3'o! t)e #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o% a%& t)e #e%alty4,a%& e-e%tally &ec$&e& $% 'a-o! o' t)e O+&sa%, %&$%*t)at t)e O+&sa%Ws #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o% o'Go+e%c$o%* "as $e&$ately eecto!y &es#$te

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Go+e%c$o%*Ws MR, t)at t)e O+&sa%Ws &$s$c#l$%a!y#o"e! $s %ot e!ely !ecoe%&ato!y, a%& t)at t)eO+&sa% Act $s %ot %co%st$tt$o%al/

DOCTRINE:

T)e $e&$ately eecto!y @al$ty o' a #!e-e%t$-ess#e%s$o% o!&e! &oes %ot #!ecl&e t)e !es#o%&e%t '!oseeK$%* !eco%s$&e!at$o%/ T)e e$ste%ce a%& se o' t)e !$*)tto o-e 'o! !eco%s$&e!at$o% &oes %ot ot #!o#!$o stay t)e$e&$ate eect$o% o' t)e #!o-$s$o%a!y o!&e! o'#!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o%/

Re@$s$tes 'o! t)e O+&sa%.s P!e-e%t$-e Ss#e%s$o%4 Dete!$%at$o% t)at a%y o' t)e > co%&$t$o%s 3c)a!*eo' &$s)o%esty, o##!ess$o%, *!a-e $sco%&ct, o!%e*lect $% t)e #e!'o!a%ce o' &ty= c)a!*es"a!!a%t$%* !eo-al '!o t)e se!-$ce= co%t$%e&stay $% o6ce ay #!e&$ce case le& a*a$%st t)e!es#o%&e%t4 a!e #!ese%t/

I% a% a&$%$st!at$-e $%-est$*at$o%, #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o%#!e-e%ts t)e !es#o%&e%t '!o s$%* t)e$! #os$t$o% o! o6ceto $%e%ce "$t%esses o! ta#e! "$t) !eco!&s/

T)e O+&sa% )as 'll a&$%$st!at$-e &$sc$#l$%a!y

at)o!$ty o-e! #+l$c o6c$als a%& e#loyees ECEPT$#eac)a+le o6c$als, e+e!s o' Co%*!ess, a%& t)eN&$c$a!y/ T)$s $%cl&es t)e #o"e! to &ete!$%e t)e #e%altya%& case t)e $#lee%tat$o% o' t)e #e%alty/

T)e statee%t $% Ta#$a&o! a&-ocat$%* a l$te!al$%te!#!etat$o% o' t)e "o!& !ecoe%& $% t)eO+&sa% Act $s o+$te! as t)e a$% $sse $% t)at case"as t)e co#la$%a%tWs 'a$l!e to #!ese%t s+sta%t$ale-$&e%ce $% t)e a&$%$st!at$-e case/

T)e O+&sa% )as t)e #o"e! to taKe &$sc$#l$%a!y act$o%a*a$%st a% o6c$al t)at !e'ses "$t)ot st case to co#ly"$t) t)e O+&sa%.s o!&e! to #e%al$:e a% o6ce! o!e#loyee/ T)$s s##o!ts t)e #!o#os$t$o% t)at t)eO+&sa%.s #o"e! $s %ot e!ely !ecoe%&ato!y/

FACTS:

Pa!t$es1, 199;< Al-e: a&&!esse& a lette! to t)e )os#$tal,ass!$%* $t t)at Al-e: "ol& !e#lace t)e )eoa%aly:e!")$c) )a& %ot +ee% &el$-e!e& a%& "as sl$*)tly &e'ect$-e/

A#!$l 1, 199;< T)e !e#lacee%t "as &el$-e!e&/ A#!$l 2, 199;< T)e !e#lacee%t "as $%stalle&/ A#!$l >, 199;< T)e !e#lacee%t "as $%s#ecte& +y Noca%o

a%& Go+e%c$o%*/ T)e ea& o' t)e Ha+o!ato!y U%$t le& co#la$%ts

o N%e 20, 199;< T)e ea& o' t)e Ha+o!ato!y U%$t le&a% a&$%$st!at$-e co#la$%t "$t) t)e O6ce o' t)eO+&sa% ($sayas/ Res#o%&e%ts< Go+e%c$o%*, Noca%o, Ba+la, a%& >

ot)e! )os#$tal o6ce!s C)a!*e< Fals$cat$o% o' P+l$c Doce%ts A7D

M$sco%&cto Co#la$%t "J t)e De#a!te%t o' ealt)

Octo+e! 29, 199;< Base& o% t)e co#la$%t, t)eDO Sec!eta!y le& a Fo!al C)a!*e Res#o%&e%ts< Go+e%c$o%* a%& > ot)e!s 3%ot

state& $% t)e case ")o4 C)a!*e< G!a-e M$sco%&ct, G!oss 7e*lect o'

Dty, Co%&ct P!e&$c$al to t)e Best I%te!esto' t)e Se!-$ce

A*st 2, 1998< T)e De#ty O+&sa% ($sayas #tt)e !es#o%&e%ts %&e! #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o%, #o% t)eHa+o!ato!y U%$t ea&.s ot$o%/ T)e De#ty O+&sa%&$!ecte& t)e #!o#e! DO o6ce! 3t)e DO Re*$o%alD$!ecto!4 to $e&$ately $#lee%t t)e O!&e!/

7o-e+e! 9, 1998< Go+e%c$o%* !ece$-e& a co#y o' t)eA*st 2 O!&e!/ e !e@este& t)e &e'e!e%t o' $ts$#lee%tat$o% #e%&$%* t)e !esolt$o% o' )$s Mot$o% 'o!Reco%s$&e!at$o% 3"Jc )e le& o% 7o-e+e! 12, 19984/

T)e DO Re*$o%al D$!ecto! se%t a Meo!a%& toGo+e%c$o%* et al/, $%'o!$%* t)e t)at t)e$! o%t)#!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o% "as eect$-e $e&$ately #o%t)e$! !ece$#t o' t)e Meo!a%&/

Go+e%c$o%* le& a Pet$t$o% 'o! Ce!t$o!a!$ "J t)e CA,

#!ay$%* 'o! a TRO/ 7o-e+e! 19, 1998< T)e TRO "as $sse&, e%o$%$%* t)e

De#ty O+&sa% a%& t)e DO Re*$o%al D$!ecto! '!o$#lee%t$%* t)e #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o%/ T)e TRO "as%)ee&e& &es#$te &e se!-$ce/ Go+e%c$o%* o-e& 'o!c$tat$o% $% co%te#t, ")$c) t)e CA &$& %ot act #o%/

Ma!c) 21, 2000< T)e O+&sa% 'o%& Go+e%c$o%* etal/ *$lty o' Co%&ct P!e&$c$al to t)e Best I%te!est o' t)eSe!-$ce, a%& Ss#e%&e& t)e 'o! 1 yea! "$t)ot #ay/ T)e)os#$tal &oce%ts "e!e 'o%& to )a-e +ee% 'als$e&s$%ce t)e!e "as %o actal &el$-e!y/

A*st 10, 2000< T)e O+&sa% &e%$e& Go+e%c$o%*

et al/.s MR/ Go+e%c$o%* a##eale& to t)e CA/ 7o-e+e! 1, 2000< T)e O6ce o' t)e O+&sa%

($sayas &$!ecte& t)e DO Re*$o%al O6ce to $e&$ately$#lee%t t)e Ma!c) >1 Dec$s$o%/

Dece+e! 11, 2000< Go+e%c$o%* o-e& 3at t)e CA le-el4t)at t)e DO Re*$o%al D$!ecto! +e c$te& $% co%te#t/

7o-e+e! 2, 2002< T)e CA &e%$e& Go+e%c$o%*.sPet$t$o% 'o! Ce!t$o!a!$ 3$% !elat$o% to )$s #!e-e%t$-ess#e%s$o%4/

A*st 2;, 200>< T)e CA &e%$e& Go+e%c$o%*.s MR/

Go+e%c$o%* coes to t)e SC 3!e*a!&$%* t)e #!e-e%t$-ess#e%s$o%4 t)!o*) a Pet$t$o% 'o! Re-$e" o% Ce!t$o!a!$/ A#!$l 29, 2005< T)e CA 3t)!o*) a &$e!e%t &$-$s$o%4

o&$e& t)e Ma!c) 21 Dec$s$o% o' t)e O+&sa%,sett$%* as$&e t)e O+&sa%.s $#os$t$o% o' t)e#e%alty 31y ss#e%s$o% "Jo #ay4 o% Go+e%c$o%*/

T)e O+&sa% coes to t)e SC t)!o*) a Pet$t$o% 'o!Ce!t$o!a!$ %&e! Rle 5/

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Go+e%c$o%* coes to t)e SC t)!o*) a Pet$t$o% 'o!Re-$e" o% Ce!t$o!a!$ a'te! t)e CA &e%$e& )$s Mot$o% 'o!Pa!t$al Reco%s$&e!at$o%/

Na%a!y 1, 2005< Go+e%c$o%* !et$!e& '!o t)e se!-$ce/

ISSUES:14 )et)e! t)e O+&sa%.s #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o% "as$e&$ately eecto!y &es#$te Go+e%c$o%*.s MR a*a$%st$t/

24 )et)e! t)e O+&sa%.s &$sc$#l$%a!y #o"e! $s e!ely!ecoe%&ato!y, ecl&$%* t)e at)o!$ty to e%s!eco#l$a%ce o' $ts !ecoe%&at$o%s/

>4 )et)e! t)e O+&sa% Act $s %co%st$tt$o%al 'o!+e$%* a% %&e &ele*at$o% o' le*$slat$-e at)o!$ty, a%&-$olates t)e e@al #!otect$o% clase o' t)e Co%st$tt$o%/

RUIN+:

14 es/24 7o/>4 7o/RATIO:14 es, t)e O+&sa%.s P!e-e%t$-e Ss#e%s$o% O!&e! $s

$e&$ately eecto!y &es#$te a Mot$o% 'o!Reco%s$&e!at$o% a*a$%st $t/A4 T)e!e $s %o !e#eal +y $#l$cat$o%/

14 Ge%e!al Rle< Re#eals +y $#l$cat$o% a!e %ot'a-o!e&/a4 Rat$o%ale< Ha"s #!es#t$-ely #asse& "J 'll

K%o"le&*e o' eta%t le*$slat$o% o% t)e sae

s+ect/24 Ece#t$o%< I%co%s$ste%cy, t)e ea!l$e! act +e$%* so!e#*%a%t as to +e $!!eco%c$la+le "J t)e late! o%e/3C$t$%* D$#$&$o Ea!t)Sa-e!s. Mlt$P!#oseAssoc$at$o%, I%co!#o!ate&, -/ Go:%, 2004

B4 T)e #e!t$%e%t #!o-$s$o%s o' t)e O+&sa% Act a%&t)e O+&sa% Rles o' P!oce&!e !e*a!&$%*

Mot$o%s 'o! Reco%s$&e!at$o% ca% +e )a!o%$:e&, sot)e!e $s %o $%co%s$ste%cy/>

14 T)e SC t)$%Ks t'ere is n$ c$nEict+ase& o% t)ecase.s $sses/ T)e o%ly &$sce!%$+le co%$ct $s "$t)!e*a!& to t)e #e!$o& 'o! l$%* t)e MR 35 &ays $%t)e O+&sa% Act, 10& $% t)e O+&sa%Rles o' P!oce&!e4a4 I' t)e SC "e!e to 'ollo" Go+e%c$o%*.s

a!*e%t to co#let$o%, t)e% t)e!e "ol& +ea ")olesale a+!o*at$o% o' O+&sa% Act#!o-$s$o%s t)at a!e %ot at t)e -e!y leasttoc)e& #o% +y t)e O+&sa% Rles o'P!oce&!e/

24 T)e SC.s !ea&$%* a%& )a!o%$:at$o% o' t)e 2#!o-$s$o%s as !e*a!&s t)e eect o' a% MR< T)e$e&$ately eecto!y @al$ty o' a #!e-e%t$-ess#e%s$o% o!&e! &oes %ot #!ecl&e t)e

!es#o%&e%t '!o seeK$%* !eco%s$&e!at$o%/ T)ee$ste%ce a%& se o' t)e !$*)t to o-e 'o!!eco%s$&e!at$o% &oes %ot ot #!o#!$o stay t)e$e&$ate eect$o% o' t)e #!o-$s$o%a!y o!&e! o'#!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o%/a4 Bas$s< T)e %@al$e& se o' t)e #)!ase

$e&$ately eect$-e a%& eecto!y $% t)eO+&sa% Act/

+4 D$*!ess$o%< T)e SC *oes o% to e#la$% t)e#!#ose o' aK$%* a #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o%$e&$ately eecto!y< I% a% a&$%$st!at$-e$%-est$*at$o%, t)$s #!e-e%ts t)e !es#o%&e%t

'!o s$%* t)e$! #os$t$o% o! o6ce to $%e%ce"$t%esses o! ta#e! "$t) !eco!&s/C4 T)e O+&sa% Act $tsel' l$$ts t)e #o"e! to

#!e-e%t$-ely ss#e%&/14 Re@$s$tes4 Dete!$%at$o% t)at a%y o' t)e > co%&$t$o%s3c)a!*e o' &$s)o%esty, o##!ess$o%, *!a-e$sco%&ct, o! %e*lect $% t)e #e!'o!a%ce o'&ty= c)a!*es "a!!a%t$%* !eo-al '!o t)ese!-$ce= co%t$%e& stay $% o6ce ay #!e&$cecase le& a*a$%st t)e !es#o%&e%t4 a!e#!ese%t/

D4 F$%ally, t)e SC e#)as$:es t)at #!e-e%t$-ess#e%s$o% $s $#osa+le "$t)ot #!$o! )ea!$%* s$%ce $t$s %ot a #e%alty 'o! a% a&$%$st!at$-e $%'!act$o%/

E4 I% t)$s case, t)e $sse $s oot a%& aca&e$c +ecaset)e #!e-e%t$-e ss#e%s$o% )as +ee% se!-e& a%& t)eCA )as &e%$e& t)e ot$o%s 'o! c$tat$o% $% co%te#t/

24 7o, t)e O+&sa%.s #o"e! $s %ot e!ely!ecoe%&ato!y a%& ecl&es t)e at)o!$ty to e%s!e

co#l$a%ce "$t) $ts !ecoe%&at$o%s/A4 T)e O+&sa% )as 'll a&$%$st!at$-e &$sc$#l$%a!yat)o!$ty o-e! #+l$c o6c$als a%& e#loyees ECEPT$#eac)a+le o6c$als, e+e!s o' Co%*!ess, a%& t)eN&$c$a!y/14 T)$s $%cl&es t)e #o"e! to &ete!$%e t)e #e%alty

a%& case t)e $#lee%tat$o% o' t)e #e%alty/24 T)e statee%t $% 6aiad$rto t)e eect t)at t)e

"o!& !ecoe%& $% t)e O+&sa% Acts)ol& +e l$te!ally$%te!#!ete&, $s e!ely o+$te! at+est/ It co%ce!%s t)e #!oce&!al as#ect o' t)eO+&sa%.s '%ct$o%s/ 3c$t$%* 3edesma &. A4

a4 It &oes %ot &eal "$t) t)e a$% #o$%t o' t)atcase, ")$c) "as t)e 'a$l!e o' t)e co#la$%a%tto #!ese%t s+sta%t$al e-$&e%ce $% t)ea&$%$st!at$-e case/

+4 Bes$&es, t)e O+&sa% )as t)e #o"e! totaKe &$sc$#l$%a!y act$o% a*a$%st a% o6c$al t)at!e'ses "$t)ot st case to co#ly "$t) t)eO+&sa%.s o!&e! to #e%al$:e a% o6ce! o!e#loyee/

>4 T)e Co%st$tt$o% a%& t)e la" clea!ly &e%e t)eO+&sa%.s !ole $% t)e P)$l$##$%e le*al syste4 &ays '!o l$%*=P!o-$&e&, T)at o%ly o%eot$o% 'o! !eco%s$&e!at$o%s)all +e e%te!ta$%e&/

A%y o!&e!, &$!ect$-e o!

&ec$s$o% $#os$%* t)e#e%alty o' #+l$c ce%s!e o!!e#!$a%&, ss#e%s$o% o' %oto!e t)a% o%e o%t).ssala!y s)all +e %al a%&%a##eala+le/

T)e a+o-e !les ay +eae%&e& o! o&$e& +y t)eO6ce o' t)e O+&sa% ast)e $%te!est o' st$ce ay

ot$o% 'o! !eco%s$&e!at$o% o!!e$%-est$*at$o% ay o%ly +ee%te!ta$%e& $' le& "$t)$% te%3104 &ays '!o !ece$#t o' t)e&ec$s$o% +y t)e !es#o%&e%t

o% a%y o' t)e 'ollo"$%**!o%&s

[PubOff] [Oct 23]

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