Public Speaking

4H PUM 10

Discovering the Treasure

Of Public Speaking

Member Project GuideMember Project Guide

This guide is to help you become the best public speaker you can! Learningto speak in public is a treasure hunting experience that allows you to discoveryour ability as a public speaker.

Activities are arranged to help you learn how to write and give a speechfrom beginning to end. This project has no time limit. When you feel you havemastered an area, it is time to move on to the next section. After you havecompleted this project book, you will be able to move on to Unit 2 in the publicspeaking series.

Helper’s Notes for Unit 1Helper’s Notes for Unit 1

Public Speaking Unit I isaimed at helping beginners to speakpublicly - primarily 9 to 12 year olds. This can vary with the member’sexperience and competence in publicspeaking. Unit I is focused on thedevelopment and how-to of giving aspeech. Beginning speeches can varyin length, but a standard is 3 to 5minutes.

This project has no time limit. The goal is to have membersconfidently give speeches by doingresearch, practicing, and preparing.This project can be repeated manytimes. It has been developed to helpmembers gain an understanding ofresearch, speech writing, and publicspeaking.

When the member feelsthey are comfortable to move on tothe next level, Public Speaking UnitII may be explored.

4-H Public Speaking4-H Public SpeakingEvents and ContestsEvents and Contests.

Once the 4-H’er has masteredthe basics of public speaking, theycan participate in the challenge ofcompeting in many other 4H eventsand contests for additionalrecognition. Check your local 4-HExtension Office for details.

Chose a project helper to support you. Your helper can be 4-H leader, a parentor other older individual that will meet with you and help you when needed. Write the name of your helper below.

My ProjectHelper: __________________________

Phone:_______________

Treasure HuntingGuide

You are now ready to begin your discovery of the treasure inside of you - agreat public speaker! Look for the picture of the treasure chest forthe start of a new chapter. This means you will experience newactivities as your journey continues in search of public speaking skills.

Chapter 1Chapter 1 - Uncovering Clues - Researching and Selecting a Topic - This chapter is designed to help you become familiar with differentsources of information, learn the difference between fact and fiction, andhelp you select a topic.

Chapter 2Chapter 2 - Types of Loot - Types of Speeches - In this chapter, youwill learn different types of speeches and where the different types ofspeeches would be used. Chapter 3Chapter 3 - Reading a Treasure Map - Writing Your Speech -This chapter helps you to become familiar with the parts of a speech, howto organize a speech, and methods to help you write a speech.

Chapter 4Chapter 4 - Finding the Treasure - Delivering Your Speech - Youwill have the opportunity to prepare, practice, and deliver a speech of yourown. Experience the thrill of giving your first speech!

Chapter 5Chapter 5 - Determining Value - Critiquing - In this chapter, youwill have the opportunity to critique others, critique yourself, and learn touse a competitive scorecard.

Chapter 6Chapter 6 - Becoming a Treasure Hunter - Careers - Manycareers involve public speaking. You will discover a few that involve thisskill and how public speaking relates to their job.

Project Guidelines

g Complete the activities in eachsection.

g Practice and develop the lifeskills learning to learn, decisionmaking, problem solving,critical thinking, goal setting,planning and organizing, wiseuse of resources, keepingrecords, communication, socialskills, leadership, and self-motivation.

g Increase your knowledge aboutpublic speaking and improveyour skills needed to be apublic speaker.

g Evaluate project experienceswith your helper/leader.

... And Away We Go!!

Record your project goals andactivities in the guide. Work withyour project helper as you completeeach activity.

Year:______My Project Goals:______________________________________________________Project PlanningProject Planning

Interest Areas and Activities

Chapter 1: Uncovering Clues1. Current Events2. Journals

Chapter 2: Types of Loot1. Records2. About Yourself3. Show and Tell

Chapter 3: Reading a Treasure Map1. Three Times2A. You Are Here2B. X Marks the Spot3. Identification4. Scramble

Chapter 4: Finding the Treasure1. Preparation2. Practice3. Delivery

Chapter 5: Determining Value1. Others2. Yourself3. You Be the Judge

Chapter 6: Becoming a Treasure Hunter1. Identification

Date Completed

__________

_______________

_________________________

_______________ _______________

_____

HelperInitials

__________

_______________

_________________________

_______________

_______________

_____

To DoTo Do From the chart on the next page, selectseveral forms of media to find a currentevent you are interested in. Fill in the nameof the media (magazine name, TV station,radio station), the date the current eventwas released and the main topic of thecurrent event.

Current EventsCurrent Events

Before you begin working on a speech, youmust have an idea of what you want to speakabout. A good way to decide is to look atcurrent events that are happening around youand find something that interests you.

The first step to any activity,whether it be treasure hunting orpublic speaking, is to learn yourmaterial. Uncovering clues is thebeginning of a treasure hunt. You mustfirst learn where the treasure is, whoput it there, and why it is there in thefirst place. This is the same withpublic speaking.

You uncover clues to help youdetermine a topic and what key points tomake. Researching your topic allows youto be a treasure hunter. You arehunting for clues that will lead you tobecome a treasure of a public speaker.This is the basis of all public speakingand often takes the most time.

Uncovering Clues

Type ofMedia

Name ofMedia

Date ofRelease

Title and Main Topic

Television

Radio

Magazine

Newspaper

Other(specify)

Now that you have several current events you are interested in, choose one to tellyour 4-H club about. Fill in the areas below to help you decide what to talk about.

Title of Current Event______________________________________

Where You Found It and When It Was Released_________________

Main Topic_______________________________________________

Point #1_________________________________________________

Point #2_________________________________________________

Point #3_________________________________________________

What Does This All Mean?___________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Why Does It Interest You?__________________________________

________________________________________________________

Main Topic - the idea thatthe story, speech, or articleis based on.

Supporting Detail -information that helps toexplain/relate the topic.

Shop’s Log - May 20 Shop’s Log - May 20

Continue following the development of your current event. If more information isreleased about it, list below when it was released, where it was released, and any newmain topics about your current event.

Current Event:

Name ofMedia

Date ofRelease

Main Topic Supporting Details

How did you decide which topic to talk about?

Which type of media provided the most information for you?

Which type of media was the hardest to understand?

Why is it good to look at several typesof information when researching a speech?

Did the current events provide a main topic andsupporting details? Why is this important? Do you need to dothis when you speak?

Talk about how you felt telling your 4-H club about your current event.

How does knowing about current events help you when researchinginformation for a speech?

One Eyed Jack’s JournalsTreasure hunting can be very dangerous. By uncovering clues, you canstay alert to who else is looking for treasure, what the weather isbefore you sail, and what kind of treasure it is. This is the same withpublic speaking. In public speaking, it is best to have the most current,up-to-date information you can get.

To DoTo DoPetey is getting ready to go treasure hunting for treasure his great-grandfather

hid 75 years ago. Petey doesn’t know where to begin. Petey has found great-grandfather One-Eyed Jack’s journals with entries that will help Petey on his

treasure hunting journey.

Ships Log - April 2Ships Log - April 2

Today, my ship sailed south. We areToday, my ship sailed south. We arelooking for treasure and have decided thelooking for treasure and have decided thebest place to look would be on an island.best place to look would be on an island.Before we left Florida we cleaned the shipBefore we left Florida we cleaned the shipfrom top to bottom. We can’t start afrom top to bottom. We can’t start ajourney with a dirty ship. My crew is injourney with a dirty ship. My crew is ingood sprits about this journey. We are allgood sprits about this journey. We are allfeeling lucky.feeling lucky.

JackJack

Ship’s Log - May 16 Ship’s Log - May 16

We came across the treasure we had been We came across the treasure we had beenlooking for. We’ve been following it’s traillooking for. We’ve been following it’s trailfor over a month. The problem is that wefor over a month. The problem is that wewere followed here by pirates, so were notwere followed here by pirates, so were notgoing to be able to move the treasure off the going to be able to move the treasure off the island. The island is not inhabited. It isisland. The island is not inhabited. It isjust a small, jungle island. It’s surroundedjust a small, jungle island. It’s surroundedby several other small islands, but this oneby several other small islands, but this oneis distinctive because it has a bay. We’reis distinctive because it has a bay. We’regoing to hide it and come back for it later going to hide it and come back for it later when the coast is clear. when the coast is clear.

JackJackShip’s Log - May 20Ship’s Log - May 20

We’ve had a couple of fights with the We’ve had a couple of fights with thepirates, but the treasure is still safe. Wepirates, but the treasure is still safe. Weare going to move it today to a caveare going to move it today to a cavebehind a waterfall that one of my crewbehind a waterfall that one of my crewfound. It should be safe there. The cave is found. It should be safe there. The cave is really hard to see because of the waterfall. really hard to see because of the waterfall. The waterfall falls into a really deepThe waterfall falls into a really deeplagoon and we can only get to the cave by lagoon and we can only get to the cave by climbing down from the cliff above. I’veclimbing down from the cliff above. I’vedrawn a picture here of the waterfall. Wedrawn a picture here of the waterfall. Wewill come back for the treasure later. will come back for the treasure later.

JackJack

Ship’s Log - July 30Ship’s Log - July 30

We finally made it home. We had someWe finally made it home. We had somemore trouble with the pirates on the way. more trouble with the pirates on the way. It’ll be a long while before we get to goIt’ll be a long while before we get to goback for the treasure. It should be safeback for the treasure. It should be safeuntil we get back. until we get back.

Jack Jack

Things have changed a lot in 75 years and Petey also needs to have currentinformation about where he’s going and how he is going to get there. Help Peteydecide where to look for the treasure by uncovering clues in the journal and otherinformation sources such as encyclopedias, web pages, newspapers, and others.

Fact vs. Opinion

Record the clues you have identified from the sources and put the clues togetherto help Petey locate the treasure.

Are Petey’s clues FACT or OPINION? Mark the boxes for each clue.

ONE-EYED JACK’S JOURNALSClue 1______________________________Clue 2______________________________Clue 3______________________________



Fact OR Opinion

When researching, it is also important toknow the difference between FACT andOPINION. Fact is information that hasbeen proven as true. Opinion isinformation that someone believes astruth, but may not have been proven.You have to be careful with informationthat is opinion because it may not alwaysbe true. Before using any informationthat is opinion, you should back it up bylooking in another source that would onlycontain facts.

Sailing on ...‚ Use more sources in your next

speech.

‚ Interview someone for apersonal account of anexperience. But, make sureyou know the differencebetween fact and opinion.

Danger!Do’s and Don’ts ofPublic Speaking

‚ Know the difference betweenfact and opinion.

‚ Use several sources whenresearching.

‚ Be careful when usingsomeone’s opinion in a speech. Be sure to back it up with a

Why is it important to know the difference betweenfact and opinion?

Will your research help Peteydecide where to begin his treasure hunting?

Why is research important in public speaking?

Did you have enough information to help Petey?

Where else would you look for information?

Types of SpeechesPreparedProjectPersonal

PresentationsDemonstrations

ImpromptuIntroduction

Reports

Types of Loot

Loot, or treasure, is whattreasure hunting is all about. Whentreasure hunting, you need to know whattypes of loot there are. This helps in thehunting and finding of the loot.

Speeches are a lot like loot. Theyare the finished product of all your hardwork, just like loot.

As you begin public speaking, it isimportant to know the different types ofspeeches. Different speeches are usedfor different settings and occasions.With loot, there are many differenttypes including gold and silver coins, diamonds, rubies, emeralds, pearls, and

many others. There are several forms ofpublic speaking, but they differ in howthey are used and what information theyprovide to people.

We will focus on prepared,project/personal, and demonstrations inthis unit, specifically the prepared speech.In Unit 2, you will learn to performimpromptu speeches. Introductions,inspirational thoughts, and reports areother forms of public speaking which youmay be asked to do from time to time.Definitions are listed in the glossary in theback.

To DoNow that you know the different types of speeches, record below whatyou have done in the past. List what type of speech it was, when you didit, the title or theme of the speech, and who it was given to. At the endof this unit, there is a record sheet that will allow you to record all of thespeeches that you do in this project. This sheet is just to allow you toidentify what you have done in the past.

Record Keeping

To keep track of what kinds of “loot” youdiscover, treasure hunters need to keeprecords, so that everything is welldocumented. This is the same withspeeches. You will need to keep records ofwhat type of speeches you have done or willdo. This way you can make sure you exploreall areas of public speaking.

Record of Past Public Speaking

Type of Speech Date Title Audience/Location

Now, see how many of each type of speeches you can identify. These speeches canbe given by anyone else, just not yourself. A mayor giving a speech on Veterans Daymigh be an example of a prepared speech. See how many you can identify.

Project/Personal Speeches<<

Impromptu<<

Presentations/Demonstrations<<

Thought for the Day<<

Prepared<<

Reports<<

Introduction<<

Other<<

Was it easy identifying the different types of speeches?

Which was harder to identify - a speech you had given or aspeech someone else gave?

Write down how you learned to identifyspeeches.

Describe differences you saw between the different types of speeches.

To DoBegin your speech by introducing yourself andtelling a few facts about yourself such as how oldyou are, where you are from, and what 4-H clubyou are in. You can then tell the audience whatyou are going to speak about and why it isimportant to you. Remember to elaborate onyour topic so everyone understands what you arespeaking about.

Ideas forProject/Personal

Speeches

What 4-H Means to Me Why I Belong to 4-HThis Week in School...

My Pet and IMy Family

About Yourself

One of the best ways to get started withpublic speaking is by doing a speech onsomething you are familiar with. What isthe thing you are most familiar with?Yourself! A speech about yourself orsomething you are involved in, such as a 4-H project, will help you to begin publicspeaking. This type of speech can beclassified as a project/personal speechand will help you on your way to becominga great public speaker!

Was it easy to talk about yourself?

Do you think it would be easier to talk aboutsomething other than yourself? If so, what?

Write down why you think being able to do a speech aboutyourself is important.

Demonstration Ideas

How to Groom a Show CalfSewing on a ButtonMaking BrowniesPotting a Plant

How to Make the Best Use of Visual Aids

‚ Stand beside your visual aid - not between it and the audience.

‚ Talk to the audience - not the visual aid.

‚ Point out key points to your audience as appropriate. Use the arm that is closer to thevisual aid.

‚ Display visuals when needed, remove or cover it when not.

‚ Be sure that a visual is readable, simple, uncluttered. Busy visuals are distracting. Sizeis important - check to see visibility in relation to room size.

To Do: Project Demonstrationor Illustrated talk

Think about a project you have recentlyfinished or are currently working on. Pick outseveral interesting things about this project.Concentrate on activities that you know youcan show someone else how to do. You aregoing to be the teacher and your 4-H clubmembers or classroom will be the students.

Show and Tell

One type of speech is an illustrated talk ordemonstration. This is a very common typeof speech for 4-Hers. It usually consistsof showing or telling someone how to dosomething. It often has props or visualaids that help to show what you are tryingto explain.

Was it easier to do a speech with visual aids?

Did they help you to stay on track with what you werespeaking about?

How do demonstrations differ from a speechabout yourself?

List ways in which you might use demonstrations in the future.

What things did you like/not like about giving a demonstration?

Sailing On ...‚ Try giving several different

types of speeches. Identify the ones that youneed to work on more andfocus on those.

‚ Identify a type of speechyou’ve never done beforeand prepare to do one at aclub meeting, other event,or just before your familyand friends!

Danger!!Do’s and Don’ts ofPublic Speaking

‚ Don’t overdo yourintroduction andconclusion. Leave all thedetails for the body ofthe speech.

‚ Do use different types ofspeeches for differentsettings. Use theappropriate type ofspeech in each setting.

Reading a TreasureMap

Introduction - Introduces the topic thatyou will speak on and gathers theaudience’s interest.

Body - Contains all supporting details andfacts about your topic.

Conclusion - Summarize your main pointsand restate the purpose of the speech.

Outline - Outlines are formats that helpyou organize your thoughts into a speech.

Reading a treasure map is likereading one of today’s road maps.First, you must figure out where youare. Then you must figure out how toget from where you are to yourdestination.

Writing a speech is similar toreading a road map. First, you mustdecide which topic you want to speakabout. The introduction allows you totell what you are speaking on and whatyour speech is going to be about. It

starts the beginning of your trip. Then, you must figure out what

you want to say in your speech. Thebody is the trail you follow that allowsyou to get from where you are to whereyou want to go - the treasure. Thefinal portion is where the treasure is -the conclusion. This is the wrap-up ofthe speech. It restates your mainpoints of your speech and says anythingelse you want to say. Check out theglossary for a more complete definition.

# Speeches can be set up in a “THREE TIMES” FORMAT. TheMain Ideas are stated in the introduction.

# The INTRODUCTION is the beginning of your speech. It tellsyour audience what you will talk about by giving them a briefoverview. This is where you will capture the interest of theaudience.

# In the BODY of the speech, you again restate each of your mainpoints and expand on them. This is the “meat” of your speech. All of the information you want to get to the audience is givenhere. With each main point, you will give several SupportingDetails.

# Finally, the CONCLUSION is given. This is the summary of thespeech and is a chance to say any final things about your topic. Again, you restate your main points, but do not go into detail. The conclusion is the wrap-up and should end very concisely.

Three Times, Three Times, Three Times,Three Times,

Three Times!!!! Three Times!!!!

Outlines help you to see what you need to talk about. An outline gives yousomething to follow and makes it easierto organize your speech. The “threetimes” format is just one way to outline aspeech. There are others, but we willonly focus on this one.

The “Three times” format allows you to tell what you’re going to say, say it, and tellwhat you just said. Audience members then have an idea of what your speech is aboutand it keeps their attention.

To DoTo Do1. Read Petey’s speech on the following page about his adventures to

help you identify parts of the speech. Notice how Petey stateseverything in the introduction, talks about it in the body, andstates it again in the conclusion.

2. After you have read Petey’s speech, compare it to the outline onthe next page that Petey did before he wrote the speech.

3. Now that you know how to prepare a speech outline and how ithelps you to write a speech, you can outline a speech of your own.On page 21 is an outline format to help you. Remember to say it“three times”. Outline what you are going to say in yourintroduction, tell about it in the body, and conclude by telling whatyou just talked about.

4. After you have your speech outlined, go ahead and review youroutline speech with your 4H Club Leader/Helper.

Ideas for Outlines

ProjectsPhotography: Focusing Your CameraNutrition for SwineHelping Around the HouseBabysitting

PersonalAbout your schoolFamily

4-HAbout your club

Petey’s Adventure

I have had many adventures while I have been treasure hunting (Introductory

Sentence). I have been shipwrecked (Main point #1), been caught in a storm (Main

point #2), and had my treasure stolen by pirates (Main point #3).

My first (Transition) adventure happened when I first started treasure

hunting. I was part of a crew of a ship that was sailing at sea. All of a sudden, the

ship hit a rock and caused it to wreck (Main Point #1). Everybody had to jump

overboard and swim to an island (Supporting detail) . Luckily, no one was hurt. We

did have to build a new ship before we could continue on our journey (Supporting

detail).

My next (Transition) adventure happened when I was again at sea. I was

captain of a ship when we got caught in the biggest storm I have ever seen (Main

Point #2) . The storm caused the sea to have really rough waves and we couldn’t

steer the ship (Supporting detail) . We got blown off of our course (Supporting

detail). It took us an extra month to get home because of the storm (Supporting

detail).

My latest (Transition) adventure had to do with pirates (Main Point #3). We

were on an island looking for treasure, but all we had found was a couple of old bottles

and chests (Supporting detail). We hadn’t found any loot (Supporting detail) .

Pirates came and stole all of our treasure (Supporting detail). They just didn’t

realize what we had as treasure was really just junk (Supporting detail).

I have many adventures while I am treasure hunting. (Conclusion sentence)

I just gave you an idea of a few of my adventures like shipwrecks (Main point

#1), storms (Main point #2), and pirates (Main point #3).

Example Outline - Petey’s Adventures“Three Times” Format

Introduction - Petey’s Adventures

Main Point #1 - shipwreck

Main Point #2 - storm

Main Point #3 - pirates

Body - Main Point #1 -shipwreck

Supporting Detail -were at sea and the ship hit a rock

Supporting Detail - everybody fell overboard and swam toan island

Supporting Detail - everybody was safe, but we had tobuild a new ship

Body - Main Point #2 - storm

Supporting Detail - again, we were at sea when a bigstorm came

Supporting Detail - it was really windy and we got blownoff course

Supporting Detail - it took us an extra month to get home

Body - Main Point #3 - pirates

Supporting Detail - we were on an island looking fortreasure

Supporting Detail - we found a couple of old bottles andchests, but no loot

Supporting Detail - pirates came and stole it from us, butthey never realized there wasn’t any loot

Conclusion - Petey’s Adventures

Main Point #1 - shipwreck

Main Point #2 - storm

Main Point #3 - pirates

Your Outline“Three Times” Format

Introduction - Main Point #1 -

Main Point #2 -

Main Point #3 -

Body - Main Point #1 -

Supporting Detail -

Supporting Detail -

Supporting Detail -


Supporting Detail -

Supporting Detail -

Supporting Detail -


Supporting Detail -

Supporting Detail -

Supporting Detail -

Conclusion - Main Point #1 -

Main Point #2 -

Main Point #3 -

How did the outline help you in setting up your speech?

Do you think you will continue using the outline to help you write speeches?

Do knowing the parts of a speech help you to write one?

Did the outline help you to stay on track when you gave yourspeech?

How will outlines help you in writing future speeches?

Show me why you think it is a good idea for speeches to be separated into parts.

Use the space below to write down points Petey has made in the story. If you needhelp, use the “three times” format to help you.

Part A: Part A: You Are Here!!You Are Here!!

When writing speeches, you must beginat a certain spot - the introduction. This sets up your whole speech andallows your audience to know what youare talking about.

To DoTo DoPetey is having trouble beginning his speech. Thebody of the speech is written on the next page. HelpPetey out by writing an introduction for Petey’s story.Don’t forget to use attention grabbers to help gainthe audience’s attention. Also use the “three times”format to help you set up the introduction.

Petey’s Story

Introduction (write one here)

The first time I was on a ship I was a cabin boy. The cabin boy is responsible

for the cleanliness of the ship and is also a helper to the captain. As the cabin boy,

I spent a lot of time scrubbing the deck to make sure it was sparkling clean. I also

spent a lot of time with the captain bringing him his food, making his bed, and doing

any little chores he needed me to do. I enjoyed being a cabin boy because I got to be

on a ship.

I stayed a cabin boy for awhile, but soon I was promoted to a ship hand. This

meant I got to help sail the ship. I was in charge of keeping the sails in good working

order and making sure we were getting plenty of wind. I also got to work with other

ship hands on repairs for the ship.

I now have been sailing for many years and this last time I went to sea I finally

got to be my own ship’s captain. This is probably the hardest job because I spend

most of my time making sure everyone else is doing their job. I also am in charge of

all the ship’s records. The hardest part of my job now is making sure I know where

we are going at all times. I am in charge of plotting courses for my men to sail.

Part B: X Marks the SpotPart B: X Marks the Spot

Now that you know where to begin your treasure hunt (theintroduction) and you know how to get there (the body), allyou need now is where the treasure is (the conclusion). Theconclusion brings all the parts together and sums up yourinformation. Any information you want to make sure theaudience remembers needs to be given here. Don’t overduethe conclusion - state your points and wrap up.

Petey’s Story (continued)

Conclusion (write one here)

To DoTo DoNow that you have written an introduction for Petey’s story,he now needs a conclusion. Using the story from Part 1,write a conclusion below.

Did you find writing an introduction andconclusion to Petey’s story hard?

What did you like/not like about writing an introductionand conclusion to someone else’s story?

How are introductions and conclusions important to speeches?

What was the main idea of Petey’s story?

Identify the Parts Identify the Parts

An important part of public speakingis being able to identify the parts ofa speech and what makes up thoseparts. We have already coveredwhat the introduction, body, andconclusion are. These make up theentire speech. Within each part,there can be main points,introductory sentences, supportingdetails, and transitions. Definitionsfor these can be found in theglossary.

IntroductionBodyConclusion

Main Point(s)SupportIntroductory Sentence

Supporting Detail(s)TransitionsSummarize

The first paragraph is the ___________________. The main ideas for the speech are____________, _____________, and ____________.

The last paragraph is the ___________________. It helps to _____________ all the main pointsof the speech.

The paragraphs in between the first and last paragraph make up the __________ of the speech, orwhat is sometimes called the meat of the speech.

The first sentence in the second paragraph is the _____________________of this paragraph.Every other sentence in this paragraph helps to ______________ it.

The third paragraph contains a _____________ in the first sentence. This helps to smoothly movefrom the second paragraph to the third.

To DoPetey has just given a speech about coconuts. He has to fill out the form below,but he doesn’t know how. Help Petey out by identifying the parts and writing themin the blanks. Several parts can be used more than once, and some may not be usedat all. The parts have been listed for you. Petey’s speech is on the following page.

Bert . . . the CocoBert . . . the CocoNUTNUT Monkey! Monkey!

I once knew a monkey, named Bert, who loved coconuts. Bert ate coconuts all day

long, grew them all over his island, and made his whole house out of coconuts. This

monkey really liked coconuts.

Bert ate coconuts all day long. He had coconut milk for breakfast along with his

coconut omelet. He then had a sliced coconut sandwich for lunch and for dinner Bert

would eat fried coconut with coconut salad. He loved to eat coconuts.

Besides eating coconuts, Bert also loved to grow them. He would grow them all

over his island. Bert grew them all along the beach, in the jungle, and on a cliff. It was

a lot of work for Bert to grow them in so many places, but wherever he went on his

island he always had a coconut to eat. Bert loved to eat coconuts.

Because Bert ate a lot of coconuts, he had a lot of empty coconut shells laying

around. One day, he decided it was getting to messy and he

needed to do something with his coconut shells. He decided

to build a house. The floor was made of coconuts shells, the

walls were made of coconut shells, and the roof was made of

coconut shells. Bert still loves to eat coconuts, so now he’s

started making furniture out of the coconut shells.

Bert loves to eat coconuts. Because he loves to eat

coconuts all day long, he has to grow them all over his island.

This means he has a lot of empty coconut shells, so he built

a house out of all of the empty coconut shells. Bert, the

monkey, loves to eat coconuts.

How does knowing the parts of a speech help you when givingor writing a speech?

Was it hard identifying the parts of a speech? Do you think it would get easierwith practice?

Being able to identify the parts of the speech is importantbecause ...

Knowing the parts of the speech helps me to ...

Petey the Pirate Parrot has a very big mouthand sometimes it gets him into trouble. Today, he was telling a story about one ofhis adventures and the story got allscrambled in his head. Petey needs helpunscrambling his story and identifying whichsection should go first.

To DoTo DoPetey needs help unscrambling the story andidentifying what is the introduction, body andconclusion. Identify which section is which andnumber the sentences in each section in the orderthat you think they should go.

Unscramble Petey’s StoryUnscramble Petey’s Story

What Section of the Speech is This?____________________

_____After he realized no one else was there, Petey got back on his ship.

_____Petey and his friends continued sailing and looking for treasure.

_____Petey was happy to be back on the ship and not on the island, just incase there had been someone there.

What Section of the Speech is This?___________________

_____No one answered, so Petey went to the island and started walkingalong the beach.

_____They came to an island and Petey yelled out “Ahoy, Land”.

_____Petey and his pirate friends were sailing on a ship.

What Section of the Speech is This?____________________

_____Petey ran up to ask if they had seen anyone else. They said no.

_____Petey became very scared because he thought there was no one onthe island and then saw footprints.

_____Petey wasn’t scared anymore. There wasn’t anyone else on the island.He had just made a complete circle around the island.

_____Petey followed the footprints and then saw his ship and friends again.

_____Petey had been walking for a very long time when he came across somefootprints.

_____Petey then realized he must have walked all the way around the islandand come across his own footprints again.

Sailing on . . .‚ Watch a professional speaker

and see if you can identify thetopic and main points of thespeech.

‚ See also if you can identify thedifferent sections of thespeech.


‚ Do use an outline or someother organizational method tohelp you write your speech.

‚ Try to gain your audiences’attention in the introductionwith an interesting fact, jokeor other method

‚ Don’t tell your audience all thedetails in your introduction orconclusion. Leave these forthe body of the speech.

Do you think you helped Petey unscramble his story?

Was it harder identifying the sections or unscramblingthe sentences?

Why is it important to know what order a speech goes in?

What advice would you give Petey to help him not get scrambled up the nexttime he gave a speech?

Steps You Will Use:

1. Topic and Purpose2. Audience Analysis3. Content4. Structure5. Developing the Introduction6. Developing a Strong Conclusion

Finding the Treasure

To DoTo DoNow that you have learned allabout speech writing, let’sdevelop a prepared speechusing the steps provided.

Now that you have learned allabout how to select topics, how toidentify the different parts to publicspeaking, and how to organize a speech,you are ready to start preparing aspeech and then deliver it! Publicspeaking is a treasure that will help youin many ways. Once you haveaccomplished the

art of public speaking, you will havefound the treasure! Now it is time tostart on the road to finding it andmaking you a great public speaker.

The final product of publicspeaking, the speech, can be brokendown into two categories to begin with- Preparation and Delivery.

PreparationPreparation

Before you can give a speech, here aresome steps to remember to help youprepare a great speech. We’ll discusseach step throughout the activity.

PURPOSES OF SPEECHES

INFORMATIVE These speeches are meant to help

the audience understand somethingnew.

PERSUASIVE These speeches are meant to change

or alter attitudes, beliefs, orbehaviors.

ENTERTAINING These speeches are meant to have

the audience member’s enjoythemselves.

Write down a few items belowconcerning your audience andlocation of the speech.________________________________________________________________________

STEP 1STEP 1 - Topic and Purpose - Topic and Purpose Before you can begin writing a speech,you need to pick a topic and have apurpose as to why you want to give thisspeech. Topic:When selecting a topic, make sure youselect something you’re interested in. Also select a topic that you will be ableto find a lot of factual information on. Purpose:After you select your topic, you needto decide why you are giving thespeech. Is it going to be informative,entertaining, or persuasive?

Now, you are ready to select your topicand select the purpose of your speech!

YOURYOURTOPICTOPIC:____________________________________________________

YOUR PURPOSEYOUR PURPOSE: I want my speech to (inform, persuade, or entertain). Circleone. STEP 2STEP 2 - Audience Analysis - Audience AnalysisAn audience analysis is information about your audience and information concerningthe location where you will speak. An audience analysis helps you to understandwhat your audience is expecting and what special needs you may need to meet inyour speech (speak louder, larger print, etc.)

In this step, you need to determine who you arespeaking to.

Things to Look for in an Audience Analysis Ë how large will the group be (10 people, 50

people?) Ë what group are you speaking to (4-H club,

community service organization?)Ëwhere will your speech be given (classroom,auditorium?)

STEPS 3 and 4STEPS 3 and 4 - Content and - Content andStructureStructure

Use the outline format from Chapter 3,Activity 1 to help you organize yourspeech and determine what informationyou would like to use in your speech.

Include your outline and the roughdraft of the body of your speech in thepages provided in the back of yourproject book.

STEPS 5 and 6STEPS 5 and 6 - Developing the Introduction and Strong Conclusion - Developing the Introduction and Strong Conclusion

Refer back to Chapter 3, Activities 2a and 2b. This time you will write anintroduction and conclusion for yourself instead of for Petey.

ËRemember to tell your audience what you will talk about in the introductionbut don’t go into detail. ËCatch your audience’s interest in the beginning with something interesting- a story, joke, or something unusual. ËIn the conclusion, again tell your audience what you talked about and finishwith a statement to sum everything up. Again, don’t go into detail.

Research everything thoroughly sothat you become an expert on the

topic.

Remember to determine what is factand opinion before you use it in your

speech.

Use transitions where needed to helpwith the flow of the speech.

Write your conclusion here.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Write your introduction here. Referto your outline if you need to.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Did the steps given help you in preparing a speech?

Do you think you are learning how to bring all the parts of the speechtogether in correct order so that it flows nicely?

Why is it important to prepare your speech ahead of time?

Now, you are finally ready to put your speech all together. Write or type it so that all the parts of the speech are in theright place. Include the final copy in the pages provided inthe back of your project book. Read it out loud to yourselfto make sure it sounds like it flows smoothly. You’re almostready to give your speech!

To DoTo DoTo become a great public speaker, you need to practice, practice, practice.

There are several different practice techniques you can use to help youbecome used to speaking out loud and in front of an audience.

PracticePractice

Now that you know what you are going tospeak about and have your speech written,there is one more area that needs to becovered before you are ready to give yourspeech in front of an audience - PRACTICE.

Technique 1 - MirrorTechnique 1 - Mirror

Read your speech in front of amirror. Before you can do your speechin front of others, you need to becomfortable doing it by yourself.While you are reading, mark any spotsthat sound awkward when you read itout loud and reword these phrases sothat they fit your speech.

Once you are comfortablereading the speech, start tryingdifferent methods of speaking withoutthe written speech in front of you.Some people find it best to memorizeand others speak better by usingnotecards. Practice both ways anddecide which is most comfortable foryou to use.

Technique 2 - FamilyTechnique 2 - Family

Once you are comfortable doingthe speech by yourself, it’s time tomove on to an audience. Your mostaccessible and ready audience is yourown family. Practice giving the speechin front of them. After you arecomfortable with speaking in front ofan audience, start practicing againwithout your written speech. Haveyour audience critique you and makesuggestions of what you can do betteror differently. Don’t become offendedby any suggestions your family makes.They are just trying to help make you abetter public speaker.

Technique 3 - Video YourselfTechnique 3 - Video Yourself

The next practice technique youcan try is videotaping yourself in frontof your family audience. After givingyour speech, you can watch the videoand decide what aspects of the speechyou would like to change or dodifferently.

Technique 4 - Technique 4 - Actual Speech DeliveryActual Speech Delivery

The best practice you can do isactually giving speeches and makingchanges from one speech to the next.The more experienced you are in publicspeaking, the better you will be.

Does practicing your speech help to make you morecomfortable with speaking?

Do you think the practice will help you when you are ready to giveyour speech?

What do you think would happen if you didn’t practice yourspeech?

Which method of practicing do you prefer? Is that the methodthat best helps you to prepare to speak?

DETAILS ABOUT THE SPEECH DELIVERY

Location of speech?

Who was the audience?

How many people?

Title and purpose of speech?

Include any comments about how it felt to give a speech and what you mightchange next time below.

DeliveryDelivery

Finally, you have reached the delivery ofthe speech! This is where all the work thatyou have done comes forth and is shown toeveryone. When you are ready to deliver aspeech, there are several things you needto keep in mind that might affect how youdeliver the speech.

To DoTo DoYou are on your way to becoming a great public speaker! You have written the speech

and practiced it and now its time to deliver it. Remember that when you give a speech dowhatever comes naturally to you. If you feel natural walking around, then that’s okay. But,don’t walk around if it is in response to nervousness. The judges and audience will be able totell. Just do what feels natural.

It is time to select a location and audience to deliver your speech. On the followingpage, fill in the description of the audience and location and the type of setting that yourspeech was delivered in.

Danger!!Do’s and Don’ts ofPublic Speaking‚ Prepare your speech well in

advance.

‚ Make sure you practice,practice, practice beforegiving your speech.

‚ Don’t make unnecessarygestures because ofnervousness while you aredelivering your speech.

‚ Get plenty of sleep thenight before your speech.

‚ Take time to get settledand comfortable before thespeech begins.

‚ Before beginning, breathedeeply, look directly at theaudience, and don’t rush intothe speech.

‚ Keep focused on one thing -the subject.

Sailing on ...‚ Give different types of

speeches to differentaudiences.

‚ Use different methods ofpractice to prepare foryour next speech.

Do you feel like you were prepared to speak?

Is there any section of your speech that you felt could have used morework?

Next time, will you do anythingdifferently?

Determining Value

To DoTo DoUsing the 4-H public speaking scorecard (attached in the glossary), watch andcritique several different people giving speeches. This could be someone in yourclub, church, or at another meeting. If you need to, make copies of thescorecard for each speaker. For this activity, your name will go in the judge’sspot.

Critiquing OthersCritiquing Others

Before you can begin correcting theproblems in your own speeches anddelivery, you must be able to identify theproblems. One way to do this is learning tojudge the qualities of a good speech givenby others.

After giving a speech, people oftendo not go any farther to become a goodpublic speaker. But, there is more to itthan just the speaking!

Part of being a good treasurehunter is knowing the value of your loot.You need to know how much gold coins areworth and what diamonds will bring. Thisis the same with public speaking. Yourspeech and other speeches will need to becritiqued to determine their value. Somespeeches can be very good in content, butnot be delivered well. Others may notexpand enough on their subject. This isjust like determining the worth of jewels.

A ruby may be gorgeous, but not bigenough to be worth anything. Or asapphire might be really big but flawedon the inside. You must carefullyinspect all of your loot to determine if itis really worth anything. This is thesame with public speaking. Everyone’sspeeches will need to be carefullyinspected to determine any flaws.Unlike jewels though, flaws in a speechcan be corrected.

In this chapter, we will learn howto use the scorecard and how to apply itto yourself to make you a better publicspeaker.

Did you notice differences between the speakers?

Were some speakers better in delivery than content? Or vice versa?

Did having a scorecard help you to know what to look for when you were critiquingthe speeches?

Do you think that now that you know how to use the scorecard andwhat is scored in speeches, this will help you to critique yourself?

COMMON PROBLEMS TOLOOK FOR WHEN

CRITIQUINGCan you hear the speaker?

Did the order of the speechmake sense?

Were they dressedappropriately?

JUDGES’ SUGGESTIONS #1JUDGES’ SUGGESTIONS #1Comment or Area for Improvement

Changes You Might Make to Improve





To DoTo DoGive your speech to your family, friends, or 4-H club. Have members in the audience usethe scorecard provided in the back to judge you and make suggestions for improvements. Don’t be offended by what they have to say. They are only trying to help you become abetter public speaker.

Being CritiquedBeing Critiqued

Now that you are able to identify commonproblems and know how to use thescorecard, it is time to be critiqued.

Below, provide some of the comments and areas that your “judges” thought neededimprovement and ways you might improve those areas in the future.

How did you feel about what people said about yourspeech?

Once someone pointed out an area that needed improvement, could youidentify why it needed improving?

What improvements are you going to try to make next time?

To DoTo DoHave a parent or leader help you videotape yourself giving a speech.Afterwards, watch the video and use the scorecard to identify weak pointsin your delivery or content. You can then videotape yourself again and try tocorrect the problems. Watch the video again and see if you have made anyimprovements.

AREAS THAT I THINK NEEDIMPROVEMENT

________________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

________________________________

AREAS THAT I MADEIMPROVEMENTS IN

________________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

_______________________________

________________________________

Critiquing YourselfCritiquing Yourself

This is often the hardest to do, and usuallyyou end up being your most critical judge.Just remember, you are already a greatpublic speaker. You may just need someimprovements.


‚ Don’t be offended whensomeone offers criticism. Theyare only trying to help.

‚ When critiquing someone else,use constructive criticism. Saytwo good things about thespeech for every bad thing.

Sailing On ...‚ Keep critiquing others and

yourself. The more areas youcan identify that needimprovement, the better yourspeech will be.

Was it difficult watching yourself on tape?

Could you identify areas that neededimprovement?

What are you going to do differently next time?

Did critiquing yourself help you improve your speech?

Directly: Politicians, SpeechWriters, Weatherman _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

To DoTo DoNow that you have an idea of what some careers that involve public speaking are,see how many careers or jobs you can identify that require public speaking.

Examples of Careers that Involve Public Speakingpolitician weathermenspeech writers sales personprincipals camera man (TV show)

Indirectly: Sales Person, TVCamera Man, Principals _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

There are many types ofcareers that relate to treasure hunting.A few examples are the treasurehunter who finds the treasure, pirateswho steal the treasure, jewelers whoappraise the loot, ship builders, seamen, and many others. With publicspeaking, there are also many careers.Many jobs require some type of publicspeaking.

Some jobs are directly involvedin public speaking. These jobs requirethat you use public speaking skills daily.Other jobs involve public speakingindirectly. These are jobs that you maynot have to do public speaking everydayor you have to know something aboutpublic speaking for your job. The jobslisted below depend upon this skill.

Jobs That Involve Public Speaking

Becoming aTreasure Hunter

Sailing On ...

‚ Job shadow with someonein a public speaking careerthat interests you.

‚ Research more about apublic speaking job thatyou don’t know much about.


‚ Remember most careersinvolve some type of publicspeaking.

Did you identify any careers you think you might be interested in?

Do some careers require more public speaking thanothers?

Do you think all of the jobs you identified are dependent onpublic speaking in some way?

Did you discover any careers that you didn’t know involved public speaking?

Body - The body is the longest part ofthe speech, giving the important facts.It contains the heart of yourinformation. Plan this part of yourspeech first, then you can develop anintroduction and a conclusion that areappropriate. This is where you will takethe main points stated in theintroduction and expand and developthem. Tell the audience the importantdetails about each point that you wantthem to know.

Conclusion - The conclusion is probablythe most important part of the speech.This is the “final thought”, the highpoint and the last chance to impressthe audience. This is a good time tobriefly, but not abruptly, tell youraudience exactly what you want them todo or believe about your subject.Summarize your main points andrestate the purpose of the speech.Again, don’t expand on your points inthis section. All of the details need tobe given in the body. Adding anyadditional details in this section willonly confuse the audience and removethe focus from the purpose of thespeech.

Impromptu Speech - The impromptuspeech is a form where the speech isgiven with almost no preparation. Theimpromptu speech should be deliveredin the same manner as a preparedspeech, except that it should probablybe confined to one main idea or point.

Introduction - The introduction isshort, but it should accomplish a greatdeal. If it is well planned, it willcapture the attention of your audience,make them want to listen, inform themof your subject, and show them how thesubject concerns them. This is whereyou will state the main points of yourspeech. Do not expand on them yet.Just state them so that the audienceknows what your speech is about.

Another form of introduction is used tointroduce guest speakers, specialguests, and others. It is not a formaltype of public speaking, but is still aform of speaking. Introduce thespeaker by first and last name andaffiliation. Tell where he or she camefrom and now lives. Briefly, give his orher qualifications relating to thesubject as well as any unusual facts

Glossary

which will capture the audience’sattention. With a brief statementwhich will give the audience a sense ofanticipation, tell them how the topic willbenefit them.

Prepared Speech - A prepared speechis one with a purpose. It is given toinform, entertain, or persuade theaudience. Topics are usually based onthe speaker’s interests and experiencesand are researched, prepared, andpracticed before the actual deliverydate.

Presentations/Demonstrations - Thisform of public speaking is differentfrom traditional formal public speaking.The speaker is presenting ordemonstrating an idea with visual aidsand hands-on activities. It’s purpose isto teach the audience about an areathat the 4-H’er is familiar with. It is acommon form of 4-H competition.

Project/Personal Speeches - Thesespeeches are biographical in nature.The speaker focuses on themselves andtheir experiences. It is a great way tobegin public speaking because thespeaker is focusing on something theyare familiar with - themselves.

Reports - Reports are another goodway to begin public speaking.Committee reports are usually limitedto three minutes by the by-laws ofmany organizations. Still brieferreports are in order if the agenda ofthe meeting is a lengthy one. Completereports should be presented in writingand distributed after you have readthe report to the group.

Outline - An outline is used to help youprepare the speech. It gives a formatto follow to help set the speech into anunderstandable manner. Outlines alsohelp 4-H’ers get their thoughts ontopaper and then organize them into aspeech that is cohesive and flowing.

Keeping records is very important. It is a skill you will need for almost everythingthat you do. Record keeping helps you to remember what you did and why you didit. You can begin learning to keep records by writing down when and where you givespeeches.

Below is the definitions of the different areas on the record keeping sheet. Youcan add more areas to your sheet if they will help you to remember why you gavethe speech.

< Date - list the date the speech was given on

< Title - list the title and subject of the speech

< Type of Speech - write down whether it is prepared,project/personal, demonstration, report, invocation, introduction,impromptu, or any other types of speeches you might have given

< Purpose of Speech - determine whether the speech is meant topersuade, entertain, or inform the audience

< Audience Description - write down who the audience was (4-H group,civic meeting, school, television, etc.) and where the speech was given

Record Keeping

Record of Public Speaking

Date Title Type of Speech Purpose of Speech AudienceDescription

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Rough Draft

______________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________

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Your Speech

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

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FLORIDA 4-H PUBLIC SPEAKING CONTEST SCORE SHEET

Check One: ___________ JR __________ SR

Name: _______________________________________________ County: __________________________

Speech Title: ____________________________________________________________________________

Junior Time Senior TimeGeneral Public Speaking 3-7 minutes 5-7 minutesHorse Public Speaking 3-7 minutes 8-10 minutes

SPEAKERS: DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINEJudges Name: __________________________________________________________________________

Time of Speech: _____________________

PossiblePoints

SpeakerScore

Judges Remarks

I. Composition (50 points)

A. Content 1. Choice of Material

15

2. Relating Subject to 4-H Experience

10

B. Organization of Material 15

C. Use of Language 10

II. Presentation(50 points)

A. Projection to Audience (Did speaker establish and maintain bonds with audience?)

10

B. Fluency (Was delivery smooth and flowing?)

10

C. Pronunciation and Articulation 10

D. Voice Control (Was there effective regulation of volume and rate of words?)

10

E. Appropriate Attire (Preferably 4-H Attire)

10

Total Score 100

____________________________Your Name

____________________________Your Address

____________________________Parent or Guardian’s Name

____________________________Leader’s Name

4-H CLUB MOTTO

“To make the best better”

4-H CLUB PLEDGE

I pledgemy head to clearer thinking,my heart to greater loyalty,my hands to larger service, and my health to better living, formy club, my community,my country, and my world.

4-H Club Colors

Green and White

Authors: This publication was developed by Emily Eubanks, 4-H Student Association, and Joy C. Jordan, Extension 4-H Youth Specialist,Department of Family, Youth & Community Sciences, with special funding provided by the Florida 4-H Foundation, Inc,

Special thanks to Erica Rodriguez for graphic and word processing assistance.

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE, UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA, INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,Larry R. Arrington, Director, in cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture, publishes this information to further thepurpose of the May 8 and June 30, 1914 Acts of Congress; and is authorized to provide research, educational information and otherservices only to individuals and institutions that function with non-discrimination with respect to race, creed, color, religion, age, disability,sex, sexual orientation, marital status, national origin, political opinions or affiliations. The information in this publication is available inalternate formats. Single copies of extension publications (excluding 4-H and youth publications) are available free to Florida residentsfrom county extension offices. Information on copies for out-of-state purchase is available from IFAS-Extension Bookstore, Universityof Florida, PO Box 110011, Gainesville, FL 32611-0011. Information about alternate formats is available from IFAS CommunicationServices, University of Florida, PO Box 110810, Gainesville, FL 32611-0810. This information was published October 2004 as 4-H PUM10, Florida Cooperative Extension Service.

Public Speaking

Documents

public speaking unit

public speaking series

basics of public speaking

activities chapter

h public speaking events

new chapter

project helper

journals chapter