PUBLIC SPACE PLANNING & DESIGNING FOR SMALL TOWNS by Darik Zebenigus Wuhib (PhD Candidate) Advisors: Prof. Ahmed Khan & Prof. Philippe Bouillard (ULB), Dr Fisseha Wogayehu (EiABC) BACKGROUND Urbanization is a current phenomena of our world where for the first time in human history we have more than half of the world’s population is residing in urban centers. And even though Ethiopian is one of the least urbanized it has one of the highest urbanization rates with an expected doubling of the urban population by 2050 (from 19%-38%) according to UN world urbanization prospects ,2014. HYPOTHESIS: § Successful public spaces promotes better qualities of life in cities. § If so then they need to be assimilated in the planning & design of a city. § This will contributing towards social equity, cultural vitality, environmental viability & economic prosperity . Which can be done by developing a tool for . 19%-38%) according to UN world urbanization prospects ,2014. So livable, working and shared urban centers are mandatory. Public spaces in the urban centers are the platforms for our day-to-day activities: necessary, optional and social activities.(Ghel, 1987) Understanding, identify and categorizing; their Role; their Values contribution towards the city's development PROBLEM STATEMENT Even though much of the daily activities of inhabitants in urban areas happen in public economic prosperity . Which can be done by developing a tool for . OBJECTIVES: § To understand and identify the contextual values of a successful working public space and public realm in the local context by learning from the global as well as the international scale. § To find out public spaces' contribution towards sustainability and identify strategies for using in current planning and design and in the process identify limitations as well. § to find/ generate mechanisms(tools) that can be used for integrating public spaces as Even though much of the daily activities of inhabitants in urban areas happen in public spaces, currently, such spaces are either congested, not well managed, lack cleanness, are left over or fenced off. They are not efficiently giving the much needed service for the population. Regarding planning, the government's policy is focused on housing and other physical infrastructure (GTP 2, 2015) which does not give emphasis on the public and communal spaces. As a result, public spaces are not sufficiently integrated in the design and planning process for sustainable development. § to find/ generate mechanisms(tools) that can be used for integrating public spaces as key elements in planning and design process RESEARCH QUESTION: § what is a public space? What are the contextual qualities of a working public spaces? § What is the role of public spaces in design & planning for sustainable development? § How could public spaces be integrated and what analytical methodologies /tools/ could be developed for it? Public Spaces Methodological Framework ture Review/ se Study Learn, Understand & Contextualize 1. Understanding public spaces (Global, African & Ethiopian; typology of spaces…) 2. classifications/ typologies (function/use, character/quality, factors, …) Learning Article I Thematic areas/ Work packages Looking Scale/Perspective Local Case Ethiopian–Small town Outcome Economic, Social, Environmental Values Global Theory International – African Product Cohesion, Identity/ Quality - Jan Gehl, Jane Jacobs, Ali Madanipour, Matthew Carmona, Stephen Carr, Camillo Sitte, Nobert Schulz, … Case Study Literat Cas Formulation of Analytical Tool e survey Generating (constructing) 1. Analytical tool (developing vocabularies to make analysis of public spaces) 2. Form the integrative methodological framework (from the literature review + case study) Empirical Analysis/Application Calibration & Validation Testing Article II Article III Sustainable Urbanism Diagnostic Methods Strategies Tools Process, relation and Gap identification 1. Knowledge on sustainability, the process of planning & design (production process principles, factors, conditions, …) 2. Role of Public Spaces in the process (integration scheme and gap identification…) Analysis Shaping of public space - Mathew Carmonal, John Montgomery , Tridib Banerjee, Kevin Lynch, Henri Lefebvre, Ernest Stenberg,… Perceptual & spatial (technological / non- technological) - Bill Hillier- space syntax, Kevin Lynch, Binxia & bingshi, Fuzzy Delphi method, Teryer Lukas (ongoing PhD ) PUBLIC SPACES; THEORIES & HISTORY CASE EXAMPLE: Sholla Market Field work/ mapping/ interviewing/ analysis Site Analysis of the case using the developed methodology (tailored to the context… Field work, case study analysis, mapping…) & Validation Pedestrian Count Time extrapolated over the hour 8:00 - 9:00 2286 9:00 -10:00 2850 10:00 - 11:00 3762 11:00 - 12:00 4122 12:00 - 13:00 3060 13:00 -14:00 1764 14:00 - 15:00 2244 15:00 - 16:00 3486 16:00 - 17:00 4278 17:00 - 18:00 3534 18:00 - 19:00 5520 19:00 - 20:00 6180 Total population over the day 43086 Policy Direction to Foster Place Making Source: adapted from Montgomery (1998) Quality of the Physical Environment Poor Good Necessary activity Optional activity •Place making attributes (Physical aspect, perception and activities) are individually looked at to alter the sense of place •Successful public spaces promotes better qualities of life in cities. Historically small Ethiopian towns are predominantly retailing centers which exist to provide goods & services to the surrounding territory in public realm. Periodic Market Structure Source: TOWNS IN ETHIOPIA, Ronald J. Horvath Building Use Different activities over the market area Street activity (8:00-15:00) Street activity (15:00-19:00) Land Use Finishing Material 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 Number of pedistrians Pedestrian Count extrapolated over the hour Pedistrain Count extrapolated over the hour over the day 43086 April 28 – 29, 2016 • Gehl , J. (2011). Life Between Buildings: Using Public Space Qualities of Public space. (J .Koch, Trans.), London: Island Press. (Original work published 2006). • Matthew Carmona (2010) Contemporary Public Space: Critique and Classification, Part One: Critique, Journal of Urban Design, 15:1, • Matthew Carmona (2014) The Place-shaping Continuum: A Theory of Urban Design Process, Journal of Urban Design, 19:1, 2-36 • Megersa, S. (2015). Reimagining urban street spaces for a better urban life (Unpublished Msc Thesis). Addis Ababa University, EiABC-AAU. • Montgomery, J (1998). Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design, Journal of Urban Design, 3:1, 93-116 Resultant activity (social activities) Relation Between The Quality & Rate of Occurrence of Outdoor Space Source: adapted from Gehl (2011) •Survey showed a significant proportion of people live, work and socialize there having their life depend on the market. And so they would like to seea better quality area with shades and trees, proper working space, the addition of acafeterias and recreational facilities near by. •It also revealed majority like the market activity with the diversity of people coming but dislike the quality, sun intensity, shade problems, especially the noise pollution which is the first think they think about.