PESTICIDE SAFETY AND PESTICIDE SAFETY AND APPLICATION APPLICATION PLNT 1150 PLNT 1150 Alex Latchininsky Alex Latchininsky Assistant Professor / Extension Entomologist Assistant Professor / Extension Entomologist Dept. of Renewable Resources Dept. of Renewable Resources January 2006 January 2006
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PESTICIDE SAFETY AND PESTICIDE SAFETY AND APPLICATION APPLICATION
DISCLAIMERDISCLAIMERTrade or brand names used in this Trade or brand names used in this presentation are used only for presentation are used only for educational purposes educational purposes
The information given herein is The information given herein is supplied with the understanding that supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended, and no no discrimination is intended, and no endorsement information of products endorsement information of products is impliedis implied
TREATMENT OF HEAD LICETREATMENT OF HEAD LICE• Permethrin or Pyrethrin shampoosPermethrin or Pyrethrin shampoos• Malathion shampoosMalathion shampoos• Re-treat in 10 days (cannot kill eggs)Re-treat in 10 days (cannot kill eggs)• Louse or nit combsLouse or nit combs• Pets? No!Pets? No!
Personal hygiene Personal hygiene Do not share caps or combsDo not share caps or combs
Head lice are NOT disease vectorsHead lice are NOT disease vectors
BODY LICEBODY LICE• Less common in the U.S.Less common in the U.S.
• Larger than Head Lice – 1/7”Larger than Head Lice – 1/7”
• Hide in clothing seamsHide in clothing seams
• Vectors of epidemic typhus (rickettsiae)Vectors of epidemic typhus (rickettsiae)
• Vectors of trench fever (World War I: Vectors of trench fever (World War I: 1.8 million cases in U.S. military)1.8 million cases in U.S. military)
PUBIC or CRAB LICEPUBIC or CRAB LICE
1/16”1/16”
Do not transmit disease agentsDo not transmit disease agentsFound only on humans – Found only on humans – notnot on cats or dogs on cats or dogs
FLEAS: MEDICAL FLEAS: MEDICAL IMPORTANCEIMPORTANCE
• Piercing mouthparts – feed exclusively on bloodPiercing mouthparts – feed exclusively on blood
• Irritation from flea bitesIrritation from flea bites
• Primary vector of bubonic plague (Oriental rat flea)Primary vector of bubonic plague (Oriental rat flea)Bacterium Bacterium Yersinia pestisYersinia pestisMortality rate 90% - “Black Death”Mortality rate 90% - “Black Death”Middle Ages: killed 1/3 of Europe’s population in a few decadesMiddle Ages: killed 1/3 of Europe’s population in a few decades
• Vector of Murine typhus (Vector of Murine typhus (Rickettsia typhiRickettsia typhi))
• Intermediate hosts of dog tapeworms – may infect Intermediate hosts of dog tapeworms – may infect humans if the flea is inadvertently swallowed humans if the flea is inadvertently swallowed
MANAGEMENT OF MANAGEMENT OF FLEASFLEAS1.1. Treat the petTreat the pet
2.2. Treat the premisesTreat the premises
Pet treatments:Pet treatments: Insect Growth Regulators Insect Growth Regulators (methoprene, lufenuron, pyriproxyfen), or (methoprene, lufenuron, pyriproxyfen), or Adulticides (fipronil, imidacloprid)Adulticides (fipronil, imidacloprid)
Premises treatments:Premises treatments: Steam clean; IGRs; Steam clean; IGRs; Sanitation (vacuum to remove eggs)Sanitation (vacuum to remove eggs)
Bed BugsBed Bugs• Order Hemiptera – True BugsOrder Hemiptera – True Bugs• Piercing-sucking beakPiercing-sucking beak• One species – One species – Cimex lectulariusCimex lectularius
Bayonet-like mouthpartsBayonet-like mouthparts Stable flyStable fly House flyHouse fly
• Both male and female are blood-suckingBoth male and female are blood-sucking• Attracted to dark colorsAttracted to dark colors• Breeding sites: manure, strawBreeding sites: manure, straw• Control: similar to house fliesControl: similar to house flies• SANITATION!SANITATION!
HOUSE FLYHOUSE FLY
A carrier of up to 40 diseases, including:A carrier of up to 40 diseases, including:
typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery, and anthrax.typhoid fever, cholera, dysentery, and anthrax.
The fly transmits diseases by carrying disease The fly transmits diseases by carrying disease organisms onto food. It picks up disease organisms on organisms onto food. It picks up disease organisms on its leg hairs or eats them and then regurgitates them its leg hairs or eats them and then regurgitates them onto food (in the process of liquefying solid food) onto food (in the process of liquefying solid food)
Sponging mouthpartsSponging mouthparts
WYOMING MOSQUITOESWYOMING MOSQUITOES
At least 45 speciesAt least 45 speciesMain genera: Main genera: Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Culex, Aedes, Anopheles,
MOSQUITO CONTROLMOSQUITO CONTROL Chemical controlChemical control
-Larviciding (larval control)Larviciding (larval control)The most efficient control strategyThe most efficient control strategyMinimizes treated areasMinimizes treated areasAvoids treating populated areas Avoids treating populated areas
-Adulticiding (control of adults) Adulticiding (control of adults) Usually, consists of Ultra-Low Volume Usually, consists of Ultra-Low Volume
spraying in urban areasspraying in urban areas
PRODUCTS FOR PRODUCTS FOR MOSQUITO CONTROLMOSQUITO CONTROL
I. LARVICIDESI. LARVICIDESA.I.A.I. Trade nameTrade name FormulationFormulation ProsPros ConsCons
Single mound or Single mound or area-wide broadcast area-wide broadcast treatments (granular treatments (granular insecticides or baits)insecticides or baits)
Africanized Honey BeesAfricanized Honey Bees
Wasps and BeesWasps and Bees
Yellow jacket waspYellow jacket wasp
Honey bee with a stingerHoney bee with a stinger
Bumble BeesBumble Bees
OTHER ARTHROPODSOTHER ARTHROPODS
Class ArachnidaClass Arachnida
SPIDERS – Order AraneaSPIDERS – Order AraneaTICKS – Order AcariTICKS – Order Acari
BLACK WIDOW SPIDER BLACK WIDOW SPIDER FEMALEFEMALE
““Hourglass” Hourglass” pattern on the pattern on the abdomenabdomen
BLACK WIDOW SPIDERSBLACK WIDOW SPIDERS
Mature femaleMature female
ImmatureImmaturefemalefemale
Mature maleMature male
HOBO SPIDERHOBO SPIDER
BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER BROWN RECLUSE SPIDER EYESEYES
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WIND SCORPIONWIND SCORPION
TICKSTICKS• Close relatives of spiders, Close relatives of spiders,
and NOT insects: adults have 8 legsand NOT insects: adults have 8 legs
• Blood-sucking parasites of mammals, Blood-sucking parasites of mammals, birds and reptilesbirds and reptiles
• Both males and females feed on bloodBoth males and females feed on blood
• Efficient vectors of diseases (#2 after Efficient vectors of diseases (#2 after mosquitoes)mosquitoes)
• Avoid tick habitatsAvoid tick habitats • Use tick repellents (DEET)Use tick repellents (DEET)• Wear protective clothesWear protective clothes• Clothing treatment with Permethrin (Permanone)Clothing treatment with Permethrin (Permanone)• Tick checks after visiting possible habitatsTick checks after visiting possible habitats
HOW TO REMOVE A TICK:HOW TO REMOVE A TICK:
• Use blunt tweezersUse blunt tweezers• Pull the tick slowlyPull the tick slowly• Treat the feeding place with disinfectantTreat the feeding place with disinfectant