1 PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA AGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADA PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA AGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADA ADOLESCENT SUICIDE IN CANADA: TRENDS IN OCCURRENCE BETWEEN 1980 AND 2004. Robin Skinner and Susan G. Mackenzie Health Surveillance and Epidemiology Division Presented at the CPHA Annual Conference June 1-4, 2008
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PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA AGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADA 1 PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA…
PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA AGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADA years Crude rate of 1.3/100,000 (61% male) years Crude rate of 9.9/100,000 (77% male) 2004 Adolescent Suicide Rates in Canada 71% suffocations 18% firearms 4% poisonings 74% suffocations 12% firearms 7% poisonings
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1PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA AGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADAPUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADAAGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADA
ADOLESCENT SUICIDE IN CANADA: TRENDS IN OCCURRENCE BETWEEN 1980 AND 2004.
Robin Skinner and Susan G. MackenzieHealth Surveillance and Epidemiology Division
Presented at the CPHA Annual ConferenceJune 1-4, 2008
2PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA AGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADA
Obj
ectiv
e
M
etho
ds
Examine trends in suicides among 10-19-year-olds.
Discuss possible explanations.
Public Health Agency of Canada holdings of Statistics Canada mortality data for 1980-2004 were used in the study.
Implementation of ICD-10 in 2000 had no effect on the continuity of suicide data.
Suicide in Canada - 2004
1,200 deaths of Canadians 10-19 years• 30% motor vehicle • 20% suicides
2nd leading cause of death among adolescents.
3PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA AGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADA
10-1
4 ye
ars
Crude rate of 1.3/100,000 (61% male)
15-
19 y
ears
Crude rate of 9.9/100,000 (77% male)
2004 Adolescent Suicide Rates in Canada
• 71% suffocations
• 18% firearms
• 4% poisonings
• 74% suffocations
• 12% firearms
• 7% poisonings
4PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA AGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADA
14PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA AGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADA
Summary: 1980-2004 in Canada
Suicides by firearms and poisonings Suicides by suffocation
10-1
4 ye
ars
15
-19
year
s
Males
Suicide, Total NS Change
Suffocation NS Change
Poisoning NS Change
Firearm NS Change
Females
Suicide, Total +4.8%
Suffocation +9.0%
Poisoning -3.6%
Firearm NS Change
Males
Suicide, Total -1.3%
Suffocation +3.1%
Poisoning -4.0%
Firearm -6.2%
Females
Suicide, Total +2.1%
Suffocation +9.3%
Poisoning -5.2%
Firearm -5.9
15PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA AGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADA
Common themes in the literature:
o Decrease in firearm suicides
o Increase in suffocation suicides
o Overall, little improvement in suicide rateso Varies by sex
o Possible replacement effect
Cheung AH, Dewa CS. Current trends in youth suicide and firearms regulations. Can J Public Health; 2005 Mar-Apr;96(2):131-5.
Pan SY et al. Adolescent injury deaths and hospitalization in Canada: Magnitude and temporal trends (1979-2003). J Adolesc Health; 2007 Jul (41)1: 84-92.
Bridge JA, Barbe RP, Brent DA. Recent trends in suicide among U.S. adolescent males, 1992-2001. Psychiatr Serv; May 2005 (56):522.
16PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCY of CANADA AGENCE DE LA SANTÉ PUBLIQUE du CANADA
Conclusiono Youth unintentional injury rates
o Suicide more difficult issueo Firearm legislation Firearm rates
Suffocation rate
o Differences in suicide rates between and among male and female adolescents
o Ongoing surveillance/further studyo 10-14 year old femaleso Suffocation method