Public distribution system

1

AUTOMATION OF

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN

HIMACHAL PRADESH

A SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN PROJECT

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the degree

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY (INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY)

BY

Nikhil Aggarwal (978)

Vikram Thakur (979)

Varun Vir Pathania (986)

Abhinav Sharma (987)

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HIMACHAL PRADESH UNIVERSITY

SUMMER HILL SHIMLA June , 2011

2

CANDIDATE DECLARATION

We hereby declare that the work which is presented in the project report entitled

―AUTOMATED PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN HIMACHAL PRADESH‖ in

partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of BACHELOR OF

TECHNOLOGY in ―INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY‖ submitted in University Institute

Of Technology Shimla, is an authentic record of our own work carried out during the

period from Aril 2011 to June 2011 under the supervision of Er. Balvir Thakur. The

matter embodied in the project report has not been submitted by us for the award of

another degree.

Date:

Place:

This is certified that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to best of

my knowledge.

Er. Balvir Thakur

University Institute of Information Technology

Shimla-05.

3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to place on record our deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Raman Sharma ,

Director , UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY , HIMACHAL

PRADESH UNIVERSITY for his generous guidance , help and useful suggestions.

We express our sincere gratitude to Er. Balvir Thakur , UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY , HIMACHAL PRADESH UNIVERSITY for their

stimulating guidance , continuous encouragement and supervision throughout the

course of the present work and providing us with the infrastructure facilities to work on

, without which the work would not have been possible.

Nikhil Aggarwal

Vikram Thakur

Varun Vir Pathania

Abhinav Sharma

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PREFACE

The project titled “Automation Of Public Distribution System In Himachal Pradesh” is

motivated by the idea to bring transparency in the system of public distribution to the

beneficiaries.

The project study has been done according to the steps of system

development life cycle namely recognition of need, feasibility study, analysis and

design. The current system involves manual monitoring of the PDS system which

includes maintenance of record of allocation and distribution of subsidized goods to

the beneficiaries. The system has loopholes and can be manipulated to bring benefit

to the favored individuals.

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER TITLE Page No. CANDIDATE’S DECLARATION 2 ACKLMOWLDEGEMENT 3 PREFACE 4 CONTENTS 5 LIST OF TABLES 5 LIST OF FIGURES 6 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY 8 SCOPE 8 1.0 1.1 General 10 1.2 System Overview 13 2.0 RECOGNITION OF NEED 2.1 Current System 14 2.1.1 Limitations Of Current System 15 2.1.2 Information Gathering 17 2.1.2.1 Questionnaires 19 2.1.2.2 On Site Observation / Interview 21 3.0 INTRODUCTION TO PROPOSED IT BASED SYSTEM 25 4.0 4.1 Existing system of Ration Card Submission 27 4.2 New Proposed Online Submission Of Ration Cards 31 5.0 RATION CARD DATABASE 34 6.0 SMART CARD 35 7.0 PONT OF SALE (POS) DEVICE 36

6

8.0 BENEFITS FROM UID 37 9.0 FEASIBILITY STUDY OF PROPOSED SYSTEM 9.1 Economical Feasibility 39 9.2 Technical Feasibility 40 9.3 Behavioral Feasibility 40 10.0 DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS 41 11.0 NETWORK DIAGRAMS FOR PDS 43 12.0 FLOW CHART OF PROPOSED SYSTEM 46 13.0 DATABASE DESIGN 48 14.0 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL 52 15.0 CONCLUSION 54 16.0 SCOPE FOR FUTURE STUDY 55 REFERENCES 56

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LIST OF TABLES

TABLE No. DESCRIPTION PAGE No. 1. STOCK MAINTENANCE (FOR FAIR PRICE

SHOP) 48

2. USER IDENTIFICATION 48 3. CATEGORIZATION OF USERS 48 4. ALLOCATION TABLE CORRESPONDING TO

CATEGORY 49

5. BILLING TABLE 50

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE No.

DESCRIPTION PAGE No.

1. PDS SYSTEM OVERVIEW 13 2. BILL RECEIPT GIVEN TO A RATION CARD HOLDER

IN CURRENT SYSTEM 22

3 - 6. SHOWING LAG IN UPDATION OF ALLOCATION

DETAILS TO FPS IN CURRENT SYSTEM OF PDS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH

22-24

7. FLOW CHART FOR ONLINE SUBLISSION OF

RATION/SMART CARD

31

8

8. DEPICTING FORMS FOR ONLINE SUBMISSION OF RATION/SMARTCARD[DESIGNED IN VISUAL BASIC

33

9. REPRESENTING A POINT OF SALE (POS) DEVICE 36 10. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM LEVEL-0 (CONTEXT

DIAGRAM) 41

11. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM LEVEL-1 42 12. NETWORK DIAGRAM FOR MONITORING OF PDS 43 13. SYSTEM CONCEPT DIAGRAM 44 14. LINK BETWEEN FPS AND GODOWN 44 15. FPS SMART CARD CREATION FLOW 45 16. FLOW DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED SYSTEM 46 17. LINK BETWEEN TABLE 3, 4 AND 5 51 18. ENTITY RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM 53

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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the present study are:

To study the problems relating to the implementations of current PDS.

To study the benefits derived out of PDS to the beneficiary.

To offer suggestions to improve the working of PDS by adopting automation of

PDS.

SCOPE

The proposed project can be implemented at the bottom level of PDS

network that is at one Fair Price Shop (FPS). After optimized evaluation it

can be implemented to larger areas extending to each tehsil, block, district

in the later phases.

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INTRODUCTION

India’s Public Distribution System (PDS) with a network of 4.78 Lakh Fair Price Shops (FPS) is perhaps the largest retail system of its type in the world. Since 1951 public distribution of food grains has been retained as deliberate social policy by India with the objectives of: (i) Providing food grains and other essential items to vulnerable sections of the society at reasonable (subsidized) prices (ii) To put an indirect check on the open market prices of various items and (iii) To attempt socialization in the matter of distribution of essential commodities PDS is an important constituent of the strategy for poverty eradication and is intended to serve as a safety net for the poor whose number is more than 33 Crores and are nutritionally at risk. PDS is operated under the joint responsibility of the Central and the State Governments. The Central Government has taken the responsibility for procurement, storage, transportation and bulk allocation of food grains, etc. The operational details of the PDS differ from state to state. Though the policy of setting up of FPSs owes its initiation to national food policy, its implementation remains the direct responsibility of the state governments. The operational responsibilities including allocation within the State, identification of families below poverty line, issue of ration cards, supervision and monitoring the functioning of FPSs rest with the State Governments. The Food and Civil Supplies Department of the State Government is mainly entrusted with the task of monitoring PDS in the state. According to world bank report in India [ 1] the poorest sections and Scheduled Tribes

have been the worst hit, with 53.6 per cent and 52.7 per cent, respectively, saying they

could not access ration cards because of red-tapism, says the report, ―Social

Protection for a Changing India'.

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Food Subsidy: Food Subsidy is provided in the budget of the Department of Food and Public Distribution to meet the difference between the economic cost of food grains and their sales realization at Central Issue Prices for TPDS (Targeted PDS) and other welfare schemes. In addition, the Central Government also procures food grains for meeting the requirements of buffer stock. Hence, part of the food subsidy also goes towards meeting the carrying cost of buffer stock. The subsidy is provided to FCI under TPDS and other welfare schemes and for maintaining the buffer stock of food grains as measure of food security. The quantum of food subsidy depends on the level of procurement of food grains and off take under TPDS and other welfare schemes. The budgetary estimate for food subsidy during 2008-09 was about Rs. 37,000 Crores. PDS System Today: The TPDS system today supports over 40 Crore Indians below the poverty line with monthly supply of subsidized food grains. The system also provides gainful employment for 4.78 Lakh Fair Price Shops Owners, their employees and hired labour who work at the FCI and state warehousing godowns. PDS also has become a cornerstone of government development policy and is tied to implementation of most rural development programs. PDS is also a key driver of public sentiment and is an important and very visible metric of government performance. The Planning Commission had the following to say on the PDS system in its 2005 report. “For every Rs 4 spent on the PDS, only Rs 1 reaches the poor” “57% of the PDS food grain does not reach the intended people ” Recently National Advisory Council (NAC) has cleared the draft National Food Security Bill 2011, which guarantees subsidized food grains to at least 90 percent of rural households and 50 percent urban households. The food bill, the most envisages two types of households as eligible for discounted grain—―priority households,‖ which includes those below the poverty line (BPL) and ―general house group‖ comprising lower middle class families. The bill has categorized 46 percent rural and 28 percent urban households under ―priority group‖ entitled to receive food grains (7kg per head)

12

at Rs. three, two and one for wheat/rice/millets, respectively. In addition, 49 percent rural and 22 percent urban households, categorized as ―general group‖, are entitled to receive food grains (4 kg per head) at not more than 50 percent of the MSP of the respective food grain. The draft bill follows a life cycle approach and introduces a number of other universal guarantees, including nutrition support to children, destitute feeding and affordable meals for homeless and other needy urban populations ; and special guarantees for starvation and emergency. It also creates accountability framework for protection of these entitlements and allows imposition of fines on defaulters and compensation to the victim and thus envisages a strong grievances redress and monitoring system from centre to the block level [2]. In this project report, we have tried to cover all this so that the PDS system should be transparent and optimized one.

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SYSTEM OVERVIEW

FIGURE: 1 [ PDS FLOW ]

FARMERS

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT

BLOCK ADMINISTRATION

STATE GOVERNMENT

DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION

FAIR PRICE SHOPS

GODOWNS

BENEFICIARY

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RECOGNITION OF NEED

CURRENT SYSTEM:

In the present Public Distribution System, paper ration card are issued to eligible

families. Commodities like wheat, sugar, rice and kerosene oil etc. are being offered at

subsidized prices as per the eligibility recorded in the ration card. The record of

eligibility and transactions is maintained manually both in the ration cards and the

register maintained in the Fair Price Shop (FPS).

Food grains are transferred from Food corporation Of India (FCI) store to states and

then to region levels. The following steps have been integrated to cover the complete

food chain [3] :

State wise allocation of food grains by Central Government.

District wise allocation of food grains by State Government.

Block wise allocation of food grains by District Administration.

Storage of food grains in godowns.

Off take of food grains against allocation.

Distribution of food grains to the Fair Price Shops.

Sale to the beneficiary.

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LIMITATIONS/CHALLENGES OF CURRENT SYSTEM

The most serious flaw regarding the system at present is the lack of

transparency and accountability in their functioning.

There is a huge diversion of commodities from the PDS due to misuse and

duplication of ration cards. According to some estimates around 30% of the food

grains and other commodities allocated for poor families do not reach them.

According to 2010 report by a Supreme Court Committee headed by former

Justice D.P. Wadhwa, India has 23 million ―ghost ration cards‖ in fictitious

names and around 121 million deserving poor deprived of subsidized food. Each

fake card guzzles Rs. 8200 of the annual subsidy.

A large number of families living below the poverty line have not been enrolled

and therefore do not have accessed to the ration card.

A number of instances where benefits are being availed in the names of

rightfully entitled families without their knowledge. This shadow ownership is

possible due to inefficiency in ration card issuance, distribution and record

keeping.

Many FPS are opened only for a few days and hence people are denied their

rights.

There is a significant differences in the manner in which the Central and State

governments arrive at the number of BPL families. This difference usually

means mismatch in number of allotments.

It is estimated that 25% diversion that takes place before the ration reaches to

the beneficiary.

Error in categorization that lead to the APL families getting BPL cards and vice

versa.

A significant portion of benefits provided to the APL category, are not availed by

the intended beneficiaries and are instead diverted out of the system.

No biometric identification for the users.

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Pilferage – PDS food grains find way to the market and all the allot do not reach

the eligible person.

There is no central monitoring system to track the carriage trucks.

The entire delivery mechanism has no RFID (Radio Frequency Identification

Device).

In summary, targeting is not serving its real purposes, as the beneficiaries do not get

food grains in accordance with their entitlements. There is a need for foolproof

monitoring system from central store to Fair Price Shop covering transactions at all

levels and transport.

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INFORMATION GATHERING

Questionnaire:

1. Have you heard about Public Distribution System? Yes / No

2. Are you a ration card holder? Yes / No

3. Which category of Ration Card Holder do you fall under ?

APL/BPL/AAY

4. Do you Regularly buy subsidized food commodities from the Fair Price Shops ?

Yes / No

5. Do you Buy all the available commodities ? Yes / No

If No, which commodities of the following do you prefer to buy ?

i. Rice Grains

ii. Pulses

iii. Sugar

iv. Cooking Oil

v. Kerosene Oil

vi. Wheat

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6. Are you aware of the maximum quantity of a particular

item you can purchase?

Yes / No

7. Have you heard about any corruption in the PDS ? Yes / No

8. Do you think the PDS system in India needs changes?

Yes / No

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RESULTS

1. Are you a Ration Card Holder ?

2. Do you regularly claims the subsidized goods from your FPS?

No. of Card Holders

Yes-89% No-11%

Yes-22% No-78%

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3. Does the PDS in India require changes?

Yes-87% No-13%

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ON SITE OBSERVATION / INTERVIEW

Interaction with a Fair Price Shop Owner Mr. Naresh Gupta who owns a depot at

Rajgarh Road, Solan was conducted. We observed that the commodities were

transferred to him from the local godown of the Civil Supplies Corporation .This

allocation is done according to the number of ration cards that are enrolled with each

FPS.

The FPS issues the goods to the dealer as per the type and number of people

mentioned in their respective Ration Cards. The three main categories of Ration Cards

are Above Poverty Line (APL) , Below Poverty Line (BPL) , Antodaya (AAY).Each FPS

maintains a bill book into which the Bills of every PDS sale is made.

At the end of the month, this records are forwarded to the Civil Supplies Deptt. which

in turns maintains manual records of the distribution done to the people. Subsequent

stocks that are left over at any FPS are carried forward to the next month. In the next

month , the same FPS receives lesser quantity. In this way, Only manual records are

maintained but not computerized ones until recently. This results in significant gaps in

the updating of stock status on the government website.

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FIGURE: 2 [ BILL RECEIPT ]

FIGURE: 3 [e-HIMAPURTI HOME PAGE ]

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FIGURE: 4 [e-HIMAPURTI MONTHLY INFORMATION OF FPS ]

FIGURE: 5 [e-HIMAPURTI MONTHLY CONSOLIDATED SALES AND ALLOCATION ]

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FIGURE: 6 [e-HIMAPURTI NO INFORMATION AVAILABLE ]

On visiting the official website of Deptt. Of Food &Civil Supplies , Govt. of Himachal

Pradesh ,it was observed that there was a lag of about 6 months In the updating of

details of sale and stocks at each FPS in the state.

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PROPOSED I.T. BASED SOLUTION SYSTEM

A significant part of the challenge in the PDS emanates from bogus and shadow ration

cards if the bogus cards can be weeded out and a mechanism put in place to

positively confirm and track the individual take off on the monthly basis, the problems

related to PDS leakages, Transparency and Transportation would get resolved.

The proposed is aimed at checking leakages, curbing corruption and ensuring need

based allocation in the Public Distribution System.

Earlier attempts at addressing the challenges have focused on identifying the

―Physical Theft‖ and used tools like human monitoring. All these tools are easily by-

passable and even if they work efficiently cannot address PDS leakages.

A solution that improves the quality of the beneficiary database and can track

individual off take coupled with the computerized MIS system can effectively improves

PDS.

A database record of all the beneficiaries and allow fare distribution of commodities, identification and verification of the right person through a secured mechanism. All the personal details, daily transactions and details of the record will be kept and also transferred in a secure manner to the main branch by ICT intervention.

AIMS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM] :

Create transparency in operations so that every citizen can very easily

know what is happening and what is supposed to happen.

Transparency is the basic requirement to check corruption. Without providing

adequate transparency no controls or inspections can reduce corruption.

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Transparency [4] will be created by computerizing all operations and

providing all information on the web and some vital information through SMS.

Provide most convenient way to give feed back or lodge complaints for the

citizens.

When an ordinary citizen found some corruption in the system, there should

be a way out to make a complaint or give a suggestion to the authorities. The

system to lodge the complaint should be as easy as possible so that anyone

can use it without any effort. Most of the people will not be ready to spent

time and money to lodge complaints. Even if they find corruption in the

Public Distribution System.

Call centre with the toll free number can be provided and is a convenient way

to lodge a complaint.

Build confidence in the public that complaints lodge through the system will

be attended to. If the complaints lodged through the system are unattended

citizens slowly loose confidence in the system and stop using the same.

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EXISTING SYSTEM OF RATION CARD SUBMISSION [5] :

Sl. No…………………… „FORM-F‟ [See clause 10(1)] FOOD, CIVIL SUPPLIES & CONSUMER AFFAIRS DEPARTMENT GOVERNMENT OF HIMACHAL PRADESH Application for Consumer Card : 1.City/Town/Village/Panchayat………………………………………………………………

……………………………………

2.Whether new or duplicate with

reasons……………………………………………………………

3. Name of house-

owner…………………………………………………………………………

4. Name of the House (with house No.)

………………………………………………………………………………

5. Name of the applicant………………………

Father/Husband………………………………………………

6. Full address with occupation &

designation……………………………………………………………………………

7. Date/reason of arrival of in the distribution

area……………………………………………………………………

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8. Total monthly income of family from all

sources……………………………………………………………………

(with allowances for employees of the Govt./Semi-Govt.

Departments/Corporations, Boards etc.)

9. Gas connections : Yes/No. Consumer

No……………………………………………………… DBC: Yes/No

10. Particulars of family members for which consumer card is required:-

Receipt of the application form Serial No……………………… Name of the applicant ………………….……………………………… This acknowledgment should be produced on …………………………….at …………………………………………… when distribution card will be issued if the application is found in order. Date……………………………

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11. I do hereby solemnly affirm and state that : (a) the information given in this form is true ; (b) Name of the persons mentioned in para-10 are in receipt of the ration from Army, neither names of these persons are entered in any consumer card in India ; (c) None of the person mentioned in para -10 are in receipt of regular diet from any Hostel/ Boarding House neither their names are entered in the ration cards issued for the Boarding House/Hostel. Myself or my family members have a gas connection No.………………..Single/Double Cylinder. Signature/Thumb impression of the applicant along with date 12. The applicant is the head of family and I know him personally ; I hereby certify that the information given above is correct; Signature of the Certifying / attesting Officer along with designation with seal INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILLING IN THE APPLICATION (i) The application should be filled in neatly while applying for a new distribution card. (ii) The persons coming from other state / city / town / village, should attach cacellation / migration certificate issued by the previous card issuing authority. (iii) If the applicant is a Government servant, he should get the application certified by the Head of the office. If the person is not a Government servant, he should get his application attested by a Muncipal Comissioner or a Gazetted Officer in the town or any other class of persons specially or generally authorized by the Government. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

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FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Enquiry report of the officer / official :- Enquiry was conducted on the address given by the applicant in para -10 today and the facts mentioned in the application form have been found to be correct. Adults Children Infants Total Members Signature of the Enquiry Officer with Seal (Inspector, Food, Civil Supplies & Consumer Affairs/Gram Panchayat Vikas Adhikari). Date………………………………………… Code No. of the Consumer Card……………………………… Serial No…………………………………………………… Dated……………………… Signature of card preparing Officer/Official.

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NEW PROPOSED ONLINE SUBMISSION OF RATION CARDS

NO

NO

YES

NO

YES

FIGURE: 7

START

ONLINE SUBMISSION OF

DATA

VERIFY

PAYMENT

GENERATE RECEIPT

GENERATE PDS CARD No.

GET CARD FROM PANCHAYAT

END

UID DATABASE

PAN No.

DATABASE

PANCHAYAT

FAMILY

REGISTER

32

ONLINE SUBMISSION OF DATA

33

FIGURE: 8

34

RATION CARD DATABASE

The data will be available in a database which is a base for the computerization of PDS. The data will be made accessible to public on web. Public will be able to access the following:

Village-wise, ward-wise or FPS Fair Price Shops (FPS)-wise details individual ration card holders along with his name, father’s name and type of ration card.

Village-wise, ward-wise number of beneficiaries.

Fair price shop details

FPS wise allotment details

FPS wise no. of cards and allotment of different commodities for the selected month are available online for public view.

Lifting details will be available online: The quantity of commodities reached FPS from Distribution Centers is known as Lifting. Delays in lifting are one of the big challenges that department faces. For day to day monitoring of lifting by different districts and distribution centers, lifting details will be made available online.

Sales details of individual FPS

FPS owners will be supposed to submit an affidavit every month with the details of the sales actually made against the allotment for that month. The sales quantities will be used to calculate entitlement of quantities that actually be issued to the shop, keeping into account the previous month’s balance quantities available in the shop.

This information would be made available on the website on real time basis.

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SMART CARD

Smart Cards [1] are secure electronic devices which are used for storing date pertaining to the beneficiary, in a secure form. It is pertinent to note the only authorized persons can view the date stored on the card and/or write information thereon [3].

The smart cards would be compliant with the unique ID (UID) project called Aadhaar.

When a smart card is used In PDS, the following data can be stored on the card:

1. The name of the Beneficiary, family members.

2. The address of the beneficiary.

3. Bio metrics of the beneficiary and family members.

4. The category In which the beneficiary falls (i.e. APL, BPL, Antodaya) and the

monthly entitlement.

A smart card resembles a debit card in size and shape. Integrated

circuits/microprocessor are embedded in these cards to enable them to process data.

These cards can receive inputs, which are processed — by way of the Integrated

Circuit Card applications — and deliver an output. The card can be embedded with a

hologram to avoid counterfeiting. The microchip will store all information and help

government track utilization. Card-holder can buy from an approved private grocer.

Biometric feature would act as safeguard against misuse. Moreover, it will eliminate

intermediaries, lower pilferage, thus help reduce food subsidy [6].

At all Fair Price Shops , a smart transaction terminal (STT) will be used to match the

fingerprint records on the smart card with that of the consumer’s and authenticate

the transaction.

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POINT OF SALE DEVICE (POS)

A PoS device is a single fully integrated machine having sufficient memory to store

transaction data over a period of time. The objective of using this device is to track off-

take of commodities by beneficiaries with precision and to thereby eliminate avenues

for diversion of stock. The device has the capability of carrying out sales and billing

transactions, and to print the receipt of a completed transaction [3].

The other main features of a PoS device are:

It is powered by a removable, rechargeable high capacity Li-ion battery,

which supports 170-200 transactions. This device should be able to function

for 5-6 hours before it requires to be recharged.

It is a tamper proof device to protect data.

Enables authentication of the biometric fingerprint of beneficiaries.

Stores data of transactions carried out in the month.

Can function off-line and the stored data can be transferred subsequently as

and when connectivity becomes available.

FIGURE: 9

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BENEFITS FROM UID

The PDS stands to benefit from the legislative, technology and administrative

infrastructure that are being created for the implementation of the UID program [4].

The key ones are:

Better Identification:-

Integration with the UID program will lead to better identification of

individuals and families leading to a better targeting and increased

transparency and therefore better functioning of the system and

increased public approval.

Off Take Authentication:

The UID database will maintain details of the beneficiaries that can be

updated from multiple sources. The PDS can use this database for

authentication of beneficiaries during the Off take recording process . A

mechanism of verifying the ID of the person at the time of delivery of

grains will help in improving the targeting of the grains .

Legislative Support:

The legislative support in form of the need for submitting the UID number

of several transactions will push residents to acquire a UID. It is being

issued on a compulsory basis. The most convenient mechanism will be for

residents to get a ration card and this will create a supporting

environment for computerization of ration cards.

Technology Support:

The UID program is putting together technology specifications and

infrastructure to handle enrollment , storage and identity confirmation of all

HP residents. The PDS can leverage this and rapidly move ahead with the

enrollment process.

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Duplicate And Ghost Detection:

The UIDAI will provide duplicate detection infrastructure to the PDS

program . It can also assist in the development of special tools to assist

in the assessment of eligibility of applicants.

Support for PDS reform :

The UID will become an important identifier In banking services and day to

day needs of the resident . This can support the PDS reform by as an

example providing the banking account number for a family to effect

direct cash transfer.

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FEASIBILITY STUDY [7]

1. ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY [2] :

According to the ECONOMIC SURVEY OF INDIA REPORT 2011, The

Central government allocates Rs.428 crores to the Ministry of Consumer

Affairs, Food and Public Distribution out of which Rs.119 is spent of Public

Distribution.

The Planning Commission Report 2005 says that out of Rs 4 spent on the

PDS only Re.1 reaches the grass root level i.e. 75% of the total money

allocated is not utilized for the purpose it is intended for.

According to Justice D.P. Wadhwa Report Rs. 8200 is the estimated

loss each year on every fake card caused to the government [2] . If

every FPS has on average 5 fake cards of the 1500 total projected , the

total loss is estimated to Rs. 18,72,47,000.

If on average Rs. 30,000 is the estimated expenditure on every FPS to

install the proposed system to the 4567 FPS in the state of Himachal

Pradesh , the total expenditure is approximated around Rs.

13,70,10,000.Also the cost of issuing smart cards to 16,31,804 card

holders in the state is approximately Rs. 50 out of which only 50% may be

bourne by the government and the rest by the consumer.

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2 . TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY:

Technical Requirements for the proposed system consists of a

computer desktop and a Biometric POS for every FPS and a state

centralized server.

The connectivity required for the maintenance of database can be

segregated into rural and urban . Urban Areas are easily connected

to internet facilities whereas in the rural areas the same can be

achieved through satellite communication and Radio Frequency. Help

can also be taken from state run schemes like LOK MITRA and GRAM

SUGAM which aims at enhancing rural connectivity. The GRAM SUGAM

scheme working in the PPP model aims to set-up 3366 e-governance

centers at panchayat level in the state.

3. BEHAIVOURAL FEASIBILITY:

The implementation of the proposed system may create resistance

in the common masses . Resistance can be reduced by implementing

the system parallel . i.e. Introduction of computers for some works and

doing the rest of the work manually.

The Fair Price Shop owner can be trained in using the system.

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DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS

LEVEL-0 [CONTEXT DIAGRAM]

FIGURE: 10 [DATA FLOW DIAGRAM FOR PDS]

42

Database of card holders of FPS

TRANSACTION DATABASE STOCK DATABASE

CENTRALIZED SERVER

FIGURE 11 [DATA FLOW DIAGRAM FOR PDS]

FINGER

PRINT

SMART CARD

USER POS VERIFI- CATION

Check for category &material allocated

FPS

ONLINE

ENTRY TO

UPDATE

DATABASE

RATION GIVEN & BILL GENERATED

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FLOW DIAGRAMS

NETWORK DIAGRAM [8]:

FIGURE : 12 [NETWORK DIAGRAM FOR MONITORING OF PDS]

44

SYSTEM CONCEPT DIAGRAM:

FIGURE: 13

LINK BETWEEN FPS AND GODOWN:

FIGURE: 14

45

FPS SMART CARD [10] CREATION FLOW:

FIGURE: 15

46

FLOW DIAGRAM FOR PROPOSED AUTOMATION OF PDS

YES

COMMUNICATION LINK

47

FIGURE: 16

48

DATABASE DESGIN USING TABLES

TABLE: 1 FOR FPS (STOCK MAINTENANCE):-

S.NO COMMODITY STOCK QUANTITY PURCHASED

QUANTITY REMAINING

1 WHEAT

2 RICE

3 SUGAR

4 PULSES :

CHANA DAL

KALA CHANA

URAD SABUT

5 COOKING OIL :

REFINED OIL

MUSTARD OIL

6 SALT

7 KEROSENE OIL

TABLE: 2 FOR USER IDENTIFICATION:-

PDS CARD No. NAME U.I.D.

TABLE: 3 FOR CATEGORIZATION:-

PDS CARD No. CATEGORY

49

TABLE: 4 DEPICTING ALLOCATED COMMODITIES:-

CATEGORY APL BPL AAY IRDP

QUANTITY

PRICE QUANTITY PRICE QUANTITY PRICE QUANTITY PRICE

WHEAT

RICE

SUGAR

CHANA DAL

KALA CHANA

URAD SABUT

REFINED OIL

MUSTARD OIL

SALT

KEROSENE OIL

50

TABLE: 5 SHOWING BILLING:-

RATION CARD NO

ITEM PRICE PER UNIT ITEM

QUANTITY PURCHASED

NET VALUE

WHEAT

RICE

SUGAR

CHANA DAL

KALA CHANA

URAD SABUT

REFINED OIL

MUSTARD OIL

SALT

KEROSENE OIL

TOTAL VALUE

51

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TABLES

CATEGORY

PDS CARD NUMBER

FIGURE: 17

TABLE 3:- TABLE FOR CATEGORIZATION OF USERS

TABLE 4:- TABLE DEPICTING ALLOCATED COMMODITIES

TABLE 5:- TABLE SHOWING BILLING.

Table 3 and table 4 are linked to each other through common field ― category‖.

Table 3 and table 4 are linked to table 5 through the common field ―PDS card number‖.

The entire liking procedure has been done to generate a fps bill according to the category of the card holder and quantity purchased according to government decided subsidized rates.

TABLE 3 TABLE 4

TABLE 5

52

ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODEL

1. ENTITY:

CUSTOMER

FAIR PRICE SHOP (FPS)

2. ATTRIBUTES:

FOR ENTITY CUSTOMER: NAME

PDS CARD No.

CATEGORY

QUANTITY OF EACH MATERIAL ALLOCATED

BIOMETRIC INFORMATION

FOR ENTITY FPS: FPS NO(unique)

Total number of smart cards under it

Material to be allocated by the FPS

Transaction details

53

ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

FIGURE: 18

FIGURE: 18

CUSTOMER

PDS CARD No. NAME

BIOMETRIC

INFORMATION

CATEGORY

QUANTITY

ALLOCATED

FAIR PRICE SHOP

SERVICES

TOTAL No. OF SMART CARDS

UNDER IT FPS NO (unique)

MATERIAL

ALLOCATION DETAILS TRANSACTION

DETAILS

54

CONLUSION

The present study that is ―AUTOMATION OF PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN

HIMACHAL PRADESH‖ is an alternative method for monitoring the supply and

distribution of grains and is focused on to bring out cost-effective, corruption free and

transparent system of PDS in Himachal Pradesh. The project if implemented shall also

reduce the time consuming process for registration of new ration cards. The process

will verify all the personal details of beneficiaries with the existing database based on

UID, PAN and Panchayat family Register.

55

SCOPE FOR FUTURE STUDY

There is considerable future scope to carry out specific study for ―AUTOMATION OF

PUBLIC DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN HIMACHAL PRADESH ‖. The process can

further be enhanced with interfacing it with the data base of Health Insurance Scheme,

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guaranteed Scheme and exponential

growth of population on year to year basis resulting in automatic calculation of demand

and supply of food grains or future planning process.

56

REFERENCES

1. Contify BANKING; POSTED: May 26, 2011 ―India should use smart card in Public Distribution System, suggests world bank‖.

2. The Tribune; dated July 24, 2011 ―NAC clears Food Security Bill draft’. 3. JUSTICE WADHWA COMMITTEE REPORT 4. UID and PDS System Report 5. e-himapurti website 6. OUTLOOK Magazine; dated; March 24, 2008 ―for a sloppy PDS, the smart card

is perfect remedy-hopefully‖. 7. Elias M. Awad; ―Systems Analysis and Design‖ Second Edition. 8. Presentation By Food, Civil Supplies and Consumer Affairs Department

Government of Gujrat, Gandhinagar; ―Smart PDS- A complete e-Governance Solution for Gujarat State Public Distribution System‖.

9. Bradley; ―Programming in Visual Basic 6.0‖. 10. Aditya Kwatra February- March 2002: (Research Project)-―Finger print

recognition and using it to implement a computer controlled locking system‖, IIT Roorkee, India.