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Public B2B Exchanges Public B2B Exchanges And PortalsAnd Portals
Functions of exchangesFunctions of exchanges Matching buyers and sellers.Matching buyers and sellers. Includes such activities as Includes such activities as
establishing product offerings; establishing product offerings; aggregating and posting different aggregating and posting different products for sale; providing price and products for sale; providing price and product information; matching supplier product information; matching supplier offerings with buyer preferences; offerings with buyer preferences; enabling price and product enabling price and product comparisons.comparisons.
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Functions of exchangesFunctions of exchanges Facilitating transactionsFacilitating transactions
includes the activities: arranging includes the activities: arranging logistics of delivering information, goods, logistics of delivering information, goods, or services to buyers; providing billing and or services to buyers; providing billing and payment information; defining terms and payment information; defining terms and other transaction values; maintaining other transaction values; maintaining appropriate security over information and appropriate security over information and transactions.transactions.
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Functions of exchangesFunctions of exchanges
Maintaining exchange policies and Maintaining exchange policies and infrastructureinfrastructure Ascertaining compliance with commeAscertaining compliance with comme
rical code, contract law, export and imrical code, contract law, export and import laws, and intellectual property laport laws, and intellectual property law for transactions made within the exw for transactions made within the exchange. change.
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Ownership of exchangesOwnership of exchanges
An industry giant.An industry giant. (( 工業巨人工業巨人 )) A neutral entrepreneur.A neutral entrepreneur. (( 中立者中立者 )) The consortia (or co-op)The consortia (or co-op) (( 產業聯盟產業聯盟 ))
Governance and OrganizationGovernance and Organization
Membership(Membership( 會員會員 )) Site access and securitySite access and security (( 網站的進入與安全網站的進入與安全 )) Services provided byServices provided by exchanges(exchanges( 由交換來提供服務由交換來提供服務 ))
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B2B PortalsB2B Portals B2B portals:B2B portals: Information portals for Information portals for businessesbusinesses Pure information portals include:Pure information portals include: a) Directories of products offered by eacha) Directories of products offered by each
seller seller b) Lists of buyers and what they want b) Lists of buyers and what they want c) Other industry or general informationc) Other industry or general information
Vortals: Vortals: B2B portals that focus on aB2B portals that focus on a single industry or industry segment;single industry or industry segment; “ “vertical portals”vertical portals”
Third-Party ExchangesThird-Party Exchanges Third-party exchanges are characterizedThird-party exchanges are characterized by two contradicting propertiesby two contradicting properties a) they are neutral, not favoringa) they are neutral, not favoring either sellers or buyerseither sellers or buyers b) they do not have a built-inb) they do not have a built-in constituency of sellers or buyers, andconstituency of sellers or buyers, and sometimes have a problem attractingsometimes have a problem attracting enough buyers and sellers to attainenough buyers and sellers to attain financial viabilityfinancial viability A major problem is: A major problem is: Market liquidityMarket liquidity
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Third-Party ExchangesThird-Party Exchanges Buyer aggregation modelBuyer aggregation model buyers’ RFQs are aggregated and then linked to a pool of suppliers that are automatically notified of the RFQs SuitabilitySuitability aggregation models work best with MROs and services that are well defined, that have stable prices, and where the supplier or buyer base is fragmented
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Consortium Trading ExchangesConsortium Trading Exchanges Consortium trading exchange (CTE):Consortium trading exchange (CTE): An exchange formed and operated by aAn exchange formed and operated by a group of major companies to providegroup of major companies to provide industrywide transaction servicesindustrywide transaction services Three basic types of environments:Three basic types of environments: a)a) Fragmented MarketsFragmented Markets b) Seller-concentrated marketsb) Seller-concentrated markets c) Buyer-concentrated marketsc) Buyer-concentrated markets
Vertical Purchasing-Oriented CTEsVertical Purchasing-Oriented CTEs all the players are in the sameall the players are in the same industryindustry Horizontal Purchasing-Oriented CTEsHorizontal Purchasing-Oriented CTEs owner-operators are large companiesowner-operators are large companies from different industries that unite forfrom different industries that unite for the purpose of improving the supplythe purpose of improving the supply chain of MROs used by most industrieschain of MROs used by most industries
Exchanges offer members the ability to conduct auctions or reverse auctions in private trading rooms
auction services as one of its many activities( 作為它的很多活動之一的拍賣服務 ) fully dedicated to auction( 完全致力於拍賣 )
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Building E-MarketplacesBuilding E-Marketplaces(( 建造電子市場建造電子市場 ))
Building e-marketplaces is a complex process, usually performed by a major B2B software company
Commerce One Ariba Oracle IBM
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The Integration issueThe Integration issue(( 綜合問題綜合問題 ))
External communications(External communications( 外部通訊 外部通訊 )) Process and information coordination in integration( 在整合過程中的程序和訊息協調 ) Use of Web services in integration( 在整合過 程中網路服務的使用 ) System and information management in integration( 在整合過程中的系統和訊息管理 )
Process and information coordination in integration( 在整合過程中的程序和訊息協調 )
how to coordinate external communications with internal information systems
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The Integration issueThe Integration issue
Use of Web services in integration ( 在整合過程中網路服務的使用 )
Web Services enable different Web-based systems to communicate with each other using Internet-based protocols such as XML( 擴展標示語言 ))
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The Integration issueThe Integration issue System and information management in integration
( 在整合過程中的系統和訊息管理 )Management of software, hardware,and several information components,including partner-profile information,data and process definitions,communications and security settings,and users’ information
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Support Services for Public Support Services for Public and Private Marketplacesand Private Marketplaces
(( 公共和私人市場的支持服務 公共和私人市場的支持服務 ))
Directory services and search enginesDirectory services and search engines (( 目錄服務和搜索引擎 目錄服務和搜索引擎 )) Partner relationship management (PRM)Partner relationship management (PRM) (( 集中於對生意合夥人提供綜合的質量服務的經營 集中於對生意合夥人提供綜合的質量服務的經營 策略電子社區和策略電子社區和 PRM)PRM) E-communities and PRME-communities and PRM Integration (as per Keenan Report)(Integration (as per Keenan Report)( 綜合綜合 - - 按照基南報告按照基南報告 ))
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Integration Integration (as per Keenan Report)(as per Keenan Report)
Business-to-exchange (B2X) hubs connect all of the Internet business services
e-merchant services( 電子海運 ) exchange infrastructure( 交換基礎設施 ) buying and selling( 買賣 ) member enterprises( 成員企業 ) other B2X exchanges( 其他的 B2X 交換 )
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Implementation IssuesImplementation Issues Private vs. public exchangesPrivate vs. public exchanges
Private exchanges:Private exchanges: E-marketplaces that E-marketplaces that are owned and operated by one are owned and operated by one company. Also known as company. Also known as company-company-centric marketplacescentric marketplaces
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Implementation Issues Implementation Issues
Problems with private exchangesProblems with private exchanges Transaction fees—required to paTransaction fees—required to pa
transaction fees with existing customerstransaction fees with existing customers Sharing information—do not want to share Sharing information—do not want to share
business data with competitorsbusiness data with competitors Cost savings—not great enough to attract Cost savings—not great enough to attract
buyersbuyers Recruiting suppliers—lose direct contact with Recruiting suppliers—lose direct contact with
customerscustomers Too many exchangesToo many exchanges
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Implementation IssuesImplementation Issues Software agents in B2B exchangesSoftware agents in B2B exchanges this software enable customizedthis software enable customized syndication of content and services from syndication of content and services from
multiple sources on the Internet to any multiple sources on the Internet to any device connected to the Internetdevice connected to the Internet
provide real-time, tighter integration between provide real-time, tighter integration between buyers and sellersbuyers and sellers facilitate management of multiple trading facilitate management of multiple trading partners and their transactions across partners and their transactions across multiple virtual industry exchangesmultiple virtual industry exchanges P.283