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l"oc'tment ~'o . 1H6

DI cu. J rw o~ Tl'F,

,J!.PAN-CF P ·Y-T'f/T.t t.XJf

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Sr•cc ·al advis'1r •.o t l·e r'oroj t,n l inie:tl')

Nazi ~ertes

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PURL: http://www.legal-tools.org/doc/72adc0/

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Jl··l.!nment ''o . 1616 Page ?-'o . 2

'Dr e f ace

I am pr• ~· •nt.~ n(~ to .•1y fri~nds tli1~Pe V>tl'ious 11 ~t\ re~ I have gi vt:1r. & J J ov0r the c01mfry ar.d ,~hi ch he 11e 'l "'T'Ol red 1.n ne\• smpr rs o.nd maeazines

i nce 1ny r at t1rn to JA..,At~ last untumn . They nre hore or rc.nized under one covc•r for mtbl '\cat· on,

SPon in t odf.: 1 r Jif ht , they er J"lrtj 'ut e o h •one ' 1 ch migl::·. ·:e 11 be r evhed and $1nce in tr.e 11'.l t of J&tc.r ft ~~~ tl'ere • .·0 ruveral CllB"'t crs the t ar e f'elre, I sl.on1d nerheoe h\ c.shn1ed fo o"fcr +hi!'l to t he puhlic as i t rtands .

However, 1 t r eotl'\.rcd consid6ra hlo " oour:-i r-<! 11 f'or ···e to offer them ct t he time I r r turnod in E- n au .. opnher ~r wh~..:h ru~h i ci· ae 1"Cr"' bcirg r jdlculed by c ertain groups sc.yi.11g "Is it not U 1 ~ u~aking a l&ndine ir the face of the enemy?" :=een fron such nn hi:otol'ical vic>'Vpoint, t hiE ml'.y sti 1J have so• •e r ef eret'lce vulue.

!fowever, no'" th:: t the Tri oc r : · t e • 1 li c nee he. s beco1no a r of\U ty , 'l"e should of course not wc.ndc!' t.imlcH1y ov<lr p~.rti.cult r fl of the narT , '1''1e ?'Orldwjde s j gnif!.cence of thJ s AlJ .i~ nee , nr rticulf•rly as rof~ rds tre new view of the \""orld und the NF3w OrdC'l' ·•Mell is to povPrn human society in tl'o future , requi r e s profound d:xnl an· tfon . It is honed tlk t through such offortt: b.1 C.">Mt.;:i t ent p0renns thof'e rcsulti:. v•ill c ne eft<'r anothf r be c.chiovcd 1 n the \:orld, I shall be hnf'!°)y if thiF bool· r esul ti: i n presenting n smr ll beginni ng to th" t end in t he i'uturo .

fl!Jt>J!TI";; , 'l'osh1o

Nov&mbcr 1940

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Docun1ent ~o . 16J6 0 a{'e No . 3

" DI Cli fE•N 0F 'IllE

I Tho Nocef~~ty

of

(Doct..m'ht..r 1939)

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L

, umcnt No . 1616 ~ego No . 4

Before · e di scuH ~re. eont forcj pn noli ci oe , vo must firetly know the f c ot thet t :.c world is no11 on tho ove or a troc t .r . v ;1u.ti')n . The last l1or) d 1 ·r.r n .. l" l'Ot four ht es tl•e r orul t of o "'orj t~.or \. et1"een new po <'rs o i' d old onoe, bnt r.ountri os of si •lil; r ch1 rt ctor dotormir ed their c tti tuae t o,..: rd th<' 1c r &.l~corc1ing to o) d j dens t hout thc1 r rcPoecti ve d rcumetc.nces t•nr "nt. rc.~ts . Thl·rr":oru, cnuntril E th, t wf r «.. bGflicclly unt ble to coooorr to f 01u· ht rm tl •o sur e Eide . A cons"i t'UO\lE c n.anmlc ie thet Jt."tln and Italy took ::-~:lee 1Pitl• the old T'\O'H:rs irclucUne B':I T' H', the UNI .... !iD <.T/ '!'EE , a nd F~i ~'CE. Ho• t..Vor , tl.e Vc.rsuil l ee T' u ty rev. r!>c-d the. c1J11rec of hiFtory Pnrl retnrnud tho orrtrr of tho \''Orld to t" t of OM or t~ o ct.:r.turi ce :. ! o , thur Eti'l\ulc\.ing tho rieo of ncv" P<rcrs . J,'..,.r • ~ ltxnchin( u on hr continr•nU:l noUcies , t nri l't'H~ ' s t.r<l C.J1 '!"'Y 1e c~!''Plction of their t otr)jt.: ric n S"E"t;'lS ere t=.vjder.co of tl·is . Jt ~~rrt t.:1\:'' e nrw no~•rP. could not ' 'e E&fd to hcvc e \"Lhncd to their comr,1cn r1irdor , but , us the old OO"CrE , fro:n the i!'et; not of eclf- pre:.e<'rvt1tion , !!ho\('cd r t,1 nde1•cv to co111hinnt.~on a nd eEt~:-1iFhm~nt o~ c.. unitro 4"ro:1t , tho n"\' no-, r!' \TC"c inc vH~.hJ -r compvJlod to coopc rc.tc "'Hh c.L ch oth-::r . Euch iE tho ">l'l::'<'"'t ejtt't.• t"on of tt-o 1-1orld.

HithLrto , th S'- t"o ~jd1s luv1 bu n cl~etirp.derl'ld :: e h.c.vo n.tirms ~ r·d h. vc-not r.:. ~ ~ ons . This ~ s c.ci tl. r1 ~ht, for 110Ft of the riF~ ,,~ ro t~ one h vo poor F'F'Jurc1..s ,.,i.th livin1 e'l)hLt' E confii'1..d to too n(·.rro\I' errc.e , • r.d .:..ro er .. c·tly dios. ti E ~~ cri with uY1.fti1 (. co.,cU tt0m . P.ovrov~ r , :!f the def~ r c.i: of thoso cvur.tri~ e -.1cr ~ for. mel'c i 11nrovc..ni. nt of thc.ir economi c oo•.di t ione, bh .. ,ro '"ould ho no dj :'fr·r(lnCo bct1rnein the cx.-1 sting ~trug~ lo , Yid nu'lt irt rnc tio;•e.J. stru·· tlc..s frlr ~U"'renK cy . Ho•~ov.:.r , I tb1 nk , .. e cc·n t":l r n h1r:hr.r 'if:rd.f:l.cancc. :in tho prl e·~r.t OO"Oeitfon 1.r tho "'orld .

'.~o\'1 i: lJ our lrople knor• th, t J ". · J.?' 1 s hdVc rec in thu cor.ti11cnt is n')t t,hr r <'n11• of .r... de.sire. !'or •1H r .. • 'IU t cd .. l fain , hut t.ll'lS rt the- r crJ.-tzEt".on of' tho .;, · .. n1..ee: pc..o~lc:. ' E rrc;t ;c.'l o:: l cet1 '-1~fhcd. t the tiri" of tho frnncl .. ti"n o·· our niticn , Ttrlr i s clecr1y cho•·rr. -Ir ":.he '"1'r~ sc htht new ord< r in Lt.Et !·~Ii 11 • 1.s 1 s knor n, th ... conc1.l~t of the· n_ tio11: 1 str1ctt4ros of J 'I'! ~ £.r.d GE1?.::'f~ hL.r rn·1·< tMrg in co• 1'11011 l"ith thli h..ftc !>rinci"'l<.• o1' the !'01mclrt:lrin of our < moir-:... . It ie m ~dloH to S(ly th, t tho. vic"S of ·:·h t in l:-r~ of i'I...~' ')o c· ~J ed tat1 ljt:ri< n r-. t~orr ,..<.£~rding the univ1. rrn End t '10 f't, to ft:>rl:I t' r l.. r "l Cf)l t:-i: Et to i,hOEC 0 r EO-C. J.l e;d dcmocrf ti C nt' +ions / ,·ros<. koynot... is ircivjdm li::m . ·iht.r. h .. c.. xx •1 i nc tho prceu~t s:ltt1Lit ion of t"'o , "'>rld divid.-:d jrto t·10 po•·crs , th( .. n x , nd th.:. ole, 11•0 must focu~ our

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r t t . nM rm on the C')r f • ict of thv~ •.... :\.de.• s .

fl'o· , prob> l:>ly th<= most co: trov .. rsiul nrol:>l cm it th.: ,jtit 10de of ~enEf -.u:. Ji . Co·1•.iUnit'll ' s vjc.., .. of the univrrs r is on the.. sc.:o nl<...m .. 11-11 th~·.t of cc"1ocr~.cy c.nd is utterly ~nconsist •. rit V1ith the. totcUtLrit•.11 vic~v. ot' tl'.) '.'')rld . T~crc forc , riC CC.l st.y that the.• for ·. tion of th ... eowce.lJcd

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ere No . 5

'>onul, r front .. , e n. t ur, 1 . I f t he ~ "\) r'f ·r·r.-i ·, ho·'t v r , s ticlrP to the ~·~ rx:kn rfrd ' J c. , clo~o C'>OPor r t 1 :i net c n 't 'nc" tho totcl:it:··fan courtrL;t' •v~"] ht- very dH "icn·t to u: · i z • f.T J'IV .ind the ~1VIL'~ r ·, A 1 h vc c-; · cluacd L sort of "1 · j • ncC" n.d ' 1"\rr.to~ c. •;.."l.i t1.;d front t. "'-.inrt the> old ''O"'' rf• , J'f th1.F CO(l".>':r~ t:i.".ln t i l:lF , t d• .-tr\•Ct .. or. Of t :1e oJd J'O 'CrE ··wrc~:· out nf co "Or intcrc r-t~, •c;. cnnot f .. .-c ·nuch dtn~f:ic ·co~" :It fron• tl}.; v .. , ..,-."IOirt or i'Orlci ·1~pto17 . l/\ i·y i "•.ortc.rt it i.c , ho• v r , 1f it '"'Ll"ti or. th c:>~tl"r;· t h" =-rVIJ'I 'I :), ' r c."•'~Ol".r< .. t ,,r l" r ~or-ntr dr d ~n !'or "f'l le' ,., vo, u1 ·· o·' t~row h co • ur 'rm , ' nd :.. or1 fj c· tj '>:'I of hr r i "'o1o£!' ~Mc~ · on) d lc•d to h. r ~rr.cit•·) tr.1~r~w ~.tj o,· ·nto r t"t 1

it ri~n rt. t ·w 1;Hh r r \io1. J. :-~ rnr.tu-rc.. Ai'"n 1• t ~ t"i· • o f Cs • ' i , ne yr· · ·r . ~" 'lurt ·~tch 4'u tnr .. d vc. l on:-• ; t r .oct c~r, fu ~y .

" h :-r. r rtud · t i1<' .. 1rtt r .f'ro ·• t"r v~ 1 "'.t)~rt of•·o·Jd Mfto:;• , ·~c ct.n , t t"' c r- tiTil( • J Fo viv ~t fr0 i. di.'1 ;-... t :ql .. , !teach it i~ rr.~~ t cd t ") tlic. !'orc.t.:oi.ng . Thr, !T!'O\\"l , i f~ 'lf ~·1111:: r l- irf~f rl !o-r (. C~!" drt ·nt trc.nd to ""rc-Ml1' i jtE ~co,..,r fr ch: 1).:• . It !F ,. ~,,,,·z d t'~ t t'·dr if dvc r.dnJy to c COl"I0!11t c N c .. t d ty ; N~ t1'•· nt: r b ·cl t h t,, t. l' tt "°' f..i" vir • of J H'c n. t " r ' 1 1.~· n1u~t ~ti mul \.(. t: · ~ t t . rel l'C 1 . ,T • • ! -; iJ't.rntion o~ ' or.iing c.n facor oniicf bloc of J/, r:,.;· , . · .CUJJ:; r.:. , • rd C!iP" , C' • F. 'Y 1 !:" clc..!llEl"d for lo~c·s t~ewn , r~ lT:.n: •r LlLnl o"' "'r t. ' ·J:i f: 'nc. • [r' t t1!' ir ... on the :.~dit:.rrc ~ ... ::.n f ~ n;.:- .:Jl 1'\. .-t ri...,i· t .. c!. to th .. :- L .. cur~ . /Is i F ·el l kr.o•"n , Bt:I'IJJ" f,C. V~ U? h. r t ':' c't.iori l pr~ ~ c:tnJ.. o~ f°l'· I tr,;dc :rd c t &

or-. c•:d<..nt of bloc -. c r l"o ·Y ···h,n E"' ,' cort'r ctc.d t c OTrr.:~.J. /.e,r'i. "r.r.t . ~ c c •· n l'lt' rd her , the f.'ot1nd r ,..,_· t l•c .. r1 rd'1-. of frv' tr: d• , r ~ h- virg "I i: r· co ...,c,1 • rl b"· ~co.- ~·:-.5c r .. cu.dt~· t.:> do;>t in r . r t +.~ · . c t11, l ryrj l"Ci1')1{J o( tot .. l :i +: -.i r r-i cm . The f· ct. th, t . }-111 ~ ::. ""OF"l,N the .. r i nc5.rJ..:• ,.,r r ci . J r-• lf- d ... t ::;r •. 1in~ ti~r. u;on J ' .'" , " ·· ::v, cr·d J'I'~~, 1"{1 -'1;

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h , r f1d f ~~ C'~ViOUE']y i~r-or~ '" 1 • i t ~ r r T r .; t~"!' J. f ~rrtu".'C 11:>,•R !"c,r

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If s-'!'T ' !"} ~.!':-."! Ci: , J.?. c : , r.rd ot"i,,..P dc-h to l"l.'5r.t_il' the.fa~ i ".l •. ns o \. C r-.c.~5c s~hrr .: ;~Mch t i1 y th." . lv,,r . ... : t Tlr<. ~·xt ... nio .. irf , ie 't not - rooi r .for thc-.1 jn 1•.:grr ;. ~ :it: +or C".ltri z t:. tr~ t ,· f."U"'lc .. )o!' r c c.. , no l~f-s ~ J'lf, r ) or t" th , EJ-,,uld "'10~.c:l r • c~r o ... J c r.n~ ... r .. o! th., r:.l'lo c'! c:_':'<C ? TilC MrH of ..! n:-• · )!'ld c.nrvt' r .:- 1 i?lO •·:;t;1cut t~15E> . Thie , ! · .. c .. ~.ovc , i~ thr ir1n:1r'ict-._ "'ro')lf·-1 c'l: rr"li;:ti>,.. ih, ... orld . '!'o hr irg ~orth thic· nc" -.or~c' , ruch i ch:t ti _::: ;- 't.Ul ' • .l 1'i ~ht~ c f l'lCr , -;-· c: : 1 rcl~-dc t ( ;.--min.. ti.-,n , v~.,d rov. rcifr ril!·tr of r. +i orc- i1\1~t. !'>... co~ ·s~.ct :'""t ~1.y 1· . ro:·r:•i::d H.d ·. t the p· • • 1tL 'Li"tt: t hr so- c ... Jl' d h• vc n Uors E>h~uJ.d ~~ ")1"C'><. r · d t o sl cr:'.. f~ c <. t~· .: "E -1 vu· . To "'ut, ~ t ... Lil'~~· , t h , .. o,.ld r.~.th, r to ~ES bc ~ l" ·~i v)d cd irto =-o .' f':xt~r odd r..t.:io:re, .,. ch ~r.e:cL~r f; u>on tho ;..h.Eo,\1t,n..,H- of h: r •ovL:- itf. ' r'ghtr , "'hioh h. ~ J ed ".r th; · or' to :> hrtr11ction of tlx r.ro.-tt: ; r."..~ d •vc J o"' '•h nt of hu"JE u ro:.il:. ty . ·ioue;hJ.y , t he


Docuw nt t'o. 1 '>16 ...,, ( 0 t•'O . 6

.. i ni o ,.. tot£ 1i t. ri: !' cou.ntrj ~ o n he ct j d to ) 1, 1.1 th• r fTl t.d;virf. of. t.hi r 1 rr, ti'>n: 11 ty . Ir oth, r ·· ordr , thd.r ,.,h n ir to dj vid< t:,,. • ·or1 d ·1 r:tl) 001 .. "' r•• tivc.~.y f._1 • f1TOU .. \F or bJocc 1.·cl • itM!' th j r :-·rrr. ctivc rrh ru to l r • , l c or r ' cc to lt d t h r ·!onionr , ~ rt. of C()r ... !'t "· nt t.rd ... , r C· • Jn ti- . old cm1c.'tlt of thourht , thir ir c dr rt~o l' vol ut~,,r . rci "'d:··r 1t c: nr.'.>t l) r , ' .. ·· z ... d • i thont Fl' t r tri!'· , . r ox":.t nd vc • r ~ r ~ , ,.. •. :~ <- 1. d in ;·p for the«· t ·. o -.not hilf y .• rr, ·hi1., ~n r1T-:""'~. erc- t con!'l.~ot h F' co tv 1 r t-'.> ocirt'- no1. b \.. t· ·, U' the. nc~ 1 ud :.l·ei old ooi .. r.rr •. ra it ir mor t likc.J.y to 1.rcr: r e. itr iT't • n~it :nc pc. J '- . Ho· ·('v-.r, · l:)lro""Ct r l•nion hLr 1 t l' f cl voe t -. d t.mOnf t h; b-,J ~ ir ~r-. "' t oonnt r i,' of fl::(" I , 1.r.d ~ n tl:c Or~ l rt ',lf'o ti,<r '- ir ·cc r.d "or ' t' ~·cT ·1.' f', -' • t'. ~1on or '·loc . Tbur- , · l b ' 1 ii. vc, i'uturc. · orl cl hirtor .. · :l,1 r , c, r c. ri 1 y l'r oc-.l d ... lonr, the- hov< -111 .. ntior td c0t:rr~ •

! " th1.. , i~;ht of the c.f'?r. 1cnt~on· ci D . •1!' ... r e :i , .. hoJ , I f _cl t hr r c ir ro nc<.d for h_cit· tion ir. dct , r '1in:l. ng J' '' t"r 'ut.ir c for" i('l" "'OJ.icy , In f· ct , 1..V, r e1rc_-; J t:: 1 : cmb.. t'J.·cd on ~ r c '.'I: tin nt. 1 no) :l.cy •·i tr th 1 , nohuri. .n Incidc.nt, h•. r "o~c j ~r .,..ol 1 o · "- ~ "" ( n rt. .l-1 irh<. c t "'d to 1'\. clr out of or c· ·, rv• f!·o111:..t110•· :!.r 1ot ""l, r11it "1l:l. St:lll, the.. pr,' J"C" of t·"o c:i ' "cr1~rt O!'ini on ::- ~ n J ''" ~r t vc. J Lnrl th. f t. ct. th t 1.1 · ~"('O!'l l ' r \.

h r r-1 t~ tin[. l:x' t ·"c c.n tilc..n .; r 7-rul~ t... •·or.dcr of thir \.orld. 'fo· ' vcr, th1e ie <. trt rdtory PhLno.nc. non. Tn< ilol v~t1 M 11ty o: "'frto1·y 01 nnot he '~ltc. rc..d r:r hwri:.n 1')() ·c..r. Ir1 tn< lonr. rm-1, 'th t "hioh if hcund to h=."''r.Ln, · ·i1). pr 0b t-J y h.t.ppc..n. Ho •'Vt.r, th .:- do•111 . tic . nd for1. l £ n d tu Horr. . t fir, r ,.nt • i., 1 }10t • 'lJ.Ol • hlSit· tior I rel. 'ind C'5fot' ':'or lot;{? •

ro-·, l i.. t Uf fU~PO~ <: th t J' 'P. l' • ·i)) :: UCC• d 4 n hl r r<. -~ liyr.r;~ J"t 1·i th t i .: tt'crd of hirtory , ·nd cnmi~ r th\ · -. y 'hit.h J --.::.· • r ~utur'- ro':'• igr: :;o~ :! cy Fh"luJ.d foJlot· . Then, th, r . rh0u1d o: r'O\•r:.·, '•t.. no ol'-~4.[0 in h.: r f o!· ... icr T)()licy -;-:hlch ' imr . t th ... c rt· to" irh., rt of +1- L nr - ordt r j I' I\ et '·· !.'. Ho• cv r , it r~ovi: : i thout r< yj ng t'i t the. rT1j ri t to ~c.ri;r thir out r c uir , c: fr t t r r vigor 1.r.d drc. ri ty .

Th1. ~,hrt ec 11th~ r.c..r· or<lc.r ir l!.. c-t : J " vh.· 1..d from the t·t.: r~.,..o~ nt of the: 1:1l:> ... r l .,lcro ... ntr 5.n t~ ... r~.t)o·~ :Ir i '"d1..1d t trouh1.( ~o t • YUri: ~cioJ" . Hlnc .. , thty try to :.void t c1f '- x ·r - fdor. r .nuch : r "'0- r•'>J ·· · FQrdgn "'o· <. ri· of the old ord' r t · · < < v, rt onro-:-turi t~ t~' c-i tlo1z'- ~.nd ortr· oizc 11 t,h, n<. •;· order 5 n C .. 1'. 11 • l'nd\ r pr1 ! • l"t c!o·n - t 4_C cirOUl"' .. t.- ...,C, ft 1 t j f

<;uit .. \ no•dhJ -. th· t th:i~ :::'or ... i.f,l" ncl ~o.•, ·tic mirchi, f-m.;ki!"g -·ill !'llC~c. d . ~tLvtrthulc.r' , hiftoJ'!r ir r J.~ntl.rrl~r 1".)rOc"c dirr ; ·~"' o•r. fj~' C cm1Nc . Tr.c cooper: tion h , t r·c.· n J • v1 ·' , v::J{J: tY, t.nd IT:.IY, • M ~h i··_. r!lcd to h· vc m.·t ... 1th '- lrl tch kll' 10r._rily; rti:, .. x1 rt!" , r 1 roJ., '.Tln fr ct i11 t h" ·· orld of todl'~', T'O m~.tt~ r ··h:. t l'» r it her t-l<c.. 1~ the for t of : !'\ · 11-i:noc or J"ot . The. :h•E ro•G, r it .r. !>< ct did rot \ :c· h.m th1r : xir , hut, on the- c-:>l'tr:..ry ,


Document No . 1616 Pe.ee }fo. 7

helped ttren&t han it 1 nd Jeflan' r int r:- tiorol Po'jtion ht.t boco 1e tore f'ecure . It it 1'"1' l' •1:..t t'. 1i:> .\eoht~()· "lf JkPi.tt once run1ored abro£1d l nd ·.~hich Je'1t'neee Tleo, 1 •:. the ·. f •"'J vee r·ero cor.cc-.rnca n bout •-f. e e. fter &) 1 nothiflF but the reEult o." &1 ~.mpP .. , oct grn·o of the le·:· o~ Mrtocy r:rd a lac~ of confidorce .

T'1er o{'ore , ·"-... on" y l r ~ t ur· 0 cee ft ry for ,T -:-: •· ti') cht.nf o a11y ,,,. her ".'ror;rar.i for ePU 'I:>" fr! ~ r~ the nf"· .:'der ~ n F.bft c I! , l-\•t no"' ehe need not ht.~·· tf. to ~ 1' eXPr ndi n1 uxl comp) e~ing thc>m .

The mT order 01' & r t , ~ J!. i~ 1j nk<."d · ~ t.' thE> nc• order of the · orld . The noY order cc.r.not hP. r ~J j '7f 1 t n t i i e nt.rt of t \io -o ... ld alone, i r t ile .. ort of the roT'ld ed1"erer to t' . .:i --ld order, or eoer ~cl, 11 tlte O"';"'ofite direction. It sc e ··1e th .. t Jr)_,. iE floil'r to d t raray u+tc rly from the 'l)roblcmc of Ftnrt>E s.11d :i1£l<e effor t r- to :-et+l c the C'T'l I •· c:idert . Unal)le to underrts.nd E rd ex-,)leir. corrc>ctJ y the i ~~· · Pht:r >n1ert • hi.ch cro"' UT' one e"tcr unother throughout Eu-·orr., : he d : r11i crea tllCPt 'ttr the ::-) rif le co11ment 11Cour.licatcd ard inco111·.r chencihle11

• '£MP umcuntr to r.othirg more thl•n eeoking refuf u .i.n +he pol')Ul< r but co 11111.on pol~ c~· o · · devotir.".; hcr~elf in tho future ont:! re1.:r to the Y•rot:-h·•·t r f CHT ·'," . Po•·•ovor , tho prc~ont e~ tu• ti on of the ·,·o-rld does 'ot "'-rm t t fUCh c.I" evt\s' on . Pro~le:-1s o~ . ~I.~ &.re :1 novlti. bl y tho~e o~ Fl tOPE anc! /J,' 1n CJ'. . : lx)ld rnd br•t> vc forej.£r. wU cy for l'C\'~ JI PAN should b e~tabl i ehed in ·. t~isriifi,,d mt.n11ct' 'nd should C1ienl t'y undcrr-tc.ndi·g 0:" tr.c ·.-tr-rrr t h ·,E l poJ.Hict l sH•.1, tiol" ···'"'i ch it now ,_ t a turnine-ooint ifl \ ·"~·ld hirtory .


Documunt No. 1616

:n

TPt L11"{f)PJ-.:J ~1 ".1 il

C.l"d

The t tti tudc of J! .... H'

f n udrlr cf'S ir ncv. mb r , 19:39


D')O\llll.nt ~o . 1616

BCJf orc I ' <:rt to J' . n , every one.• j n JJ' r>: t.' tt , Yod of tott J H r.ric.nirm £rd o~ ( !' c.rti-co·.·int• r t. r x1 r. • c 1w nc.oTllo tlio''' 'i.t th· t the rc. -1 t onehip 1.rnrg J : ·.'., , C , t"l t.l"d., JTI IY d:O d not ord 1 r < ~Y ir. the , nti-Co inter ":: ct , but t h .. t. thic' r<.J .. tiorrh~,, ·:ouJd be· further ctro gthrnc.d . One of tlK r e. ::-o~ c fr pr,,robly tht t tt.·c nconlc thornnlvu kconly ... c. lt, ir. the lJ E ht or pre.re.rt int rnc tiorr 1 r .. l : t for.r , thf. t tho re.tt1c.ra.nt of t rc CHP-1 lrcido t 0111~ o· c. l'IUC!" to GP~ '?"Y t•.r.d IT, TY. Bcfor o J • C?"t ~ bro d , J oh tl.rVC;d. ~. r . thcr ' 1dc.rprc.£ d f c£11!"' c .11org t r-. moolc i:ru t it rovJd, thcr · f'?r' , b1.. · ~ ,J 1' thie £\nti-Co .... irtcrn r c.l , ti.orrhi"' · er e. i'urtl " ~ de. \· l o'>Cd ~1to l 111lit...ry t llin•co . :e r orr rdc the oorcJuPior o~" t f<..nor r.l , , uncorc1~ t.i or. 1 .nili t. !'7' r, , 1.:-.roo of ,Jt'"I: , (' I . ;·" , (\:··d IT. l Y. , it \ wt d. f'lritc1y r e COf11zcd t.h£ t tho pconlc. 1 r ~ c.N·r al dc.rirc.rl c r 11cJ J 1. rec , 11 the. tyr-o of r.lJ 1, r c e;: be;ir g c. ecoor.dt ry ..,,.: tt'- r . Thaeu.,on, I l c rt f or IT/ I.Y dth tho thoUf·ht of d"irs r:ry hu.utl.o bu t ir this .~. tt ... r.

J ... r, ho·cv.: r , ' l~r:!od t o l-.1.. .:'0r the r .. t.t) C"ICr t o" tho CtiP•t l ncido't ~ coopor ; t:i ·rg · 1. th Bin T , · ~uch h o'. 1 g 1.i1c c,tti tudc of JLP!,t: , C rt , i y crd 1''. ry bc.p.r. to niPt!'l1rt J ''"'1 ~- on th1.r noint 1..nd , fi?"t:.ll~· fivinp, UT' J.' ">.! •· , • c.nt l.e :.. r £ r tho 1m SQ-(·j "1 i H N.oJ"I-.' ggrcrcion " ::..ct . : s th<.,rc. is not c.rr rh ti 0ue to t.xnl.ciri iJ"I dot.Gil the circumr tu.oc~ v·hich l ed th1 ., 1..c thie Tr1.1 ty , · nd , r 1 t ~.lro r ms so"icr.>ht.t i •inrOT)wr to r.it kc thc·'.1 c.11 fronk:ly h~O\ n, I 1..•· f<"oinf to omit tbie tl(rt . Ho· ·ever , I cc.n c. f firm hc.r l. t he irdif'(lut; t-J c. ~: ct th. t J ; ··: ~t t.l ro •"as t'c rh. ; s r c.rpoJ"ldblc. ::.r.d rhouJ d 1 r.clulru in i ntrornc.ction f or thr courf"O i· t·1ch l ed to cofloludor of th<.. 1u<~~-r-E-::•r ;·on-/g· r-r dl)r. Pt ct • .

It is f cr cr [.J.iy corridc.rc.d th. t 07 ; Y b1. t~· ycd Jl'Jl' c.!'cl ie trc., chor ouc , but ir ·r.r orr· rion , r fl1 '!'1'. nci thcr lx tr.: Yl d .r •v )! nor " : o gu 1 ty of trc1 ch•.ry . c~mfidcring th<: circum1 t !'c<.c le!. dfog to hor l ction, · '- ct.nnot ~ r e cc.11 Gf ':P / f.'Y trt< chcrour . r ore.av~ r , Gcr11ll r~· c.llicd herself ···ith t~c ~n JET U~IJ<'' , cot trr.ry t " the. soirit of tho J nti - Co1:1h,t crr i' ct · hich ~ turcl 17 r u .. uc.d "lUtu:-lJ.y , dvm~tc.gcour to both J,"S/r c.rd hc.r~clf . r urth .. rr:1or1.. , rircc thi~ · u- r. rtc.p r.crcr to ::.?1 L l1i, rec. u .d 21ot -.. 1:1..r <.; non- c.rgrcrf'ion tr<A.ty , it se:e:'lr rc-~riblc th• t G ' TY ' r f 1..d i r•g to· rd ,T P ' ' • 111 h 1. co ·1<:; CO')l. Ho·· ove:r, the truth iF quite the, O!''o · it,. . 1 c, n Ftrtc. r E t..r. •• hfoJ ute f t ct tb.:: .t (' T 1-1, ir- finite of hl r ;• Jli rec ··ith tl<i~ \tJ,C . i' ., ie 10'.! rtiJl of'f. ring J/ '?J.r hr. r fric.r:drhip r r prof0un<i , e c.v.:-r. Of cour~G JTAI.Y hr.E :.o r e.; ion to ch' fl{"<.; hc.r fc..cli1~e, to· , i·<lr J ; "" ll , ~he. <-till f <.Gl f ::.r oxcccdi ::ply fric ndly 1..e cv, r . ,.101•c.,ovc r, t.h<.: r· 1: 'l.ior hL t '. ecn IT J l ( r:d GT ·;. h'Y ir rot ~ t :: J 1 t (l£7< v, kd ~:'' thir ~Ton- 1 gr~rt r rion Pi ct. The: f eet i i:- th t I'f.i·Y prc. f t..r r cd c. r~~-.. ;·::.'-t~ . f.' . 1 • r· .p"'.lrochcill \. !1t, £.11d


Document No . 1616 Pt f <: No . 10

had hitherto l1een reco ·~niencUne it to GF~fiv\PY .

'!he J/ PA ~·-Cl- r:rAHY- I TAT Y 1~ xis, therefore , has not r eo,, ~, underf')ne n chrnge even today. Ho,. ever , JfJ'H' s eer1s to thinlr G~' ;J!l.1Y in son•e " C/' betreyed her, E-.nd tb· t tho le. t t c-r ' e al" i ance i-:i th t he f OVJ Fl' U?'IOl! ie suspect. In vie\ .. of tho -1rtt>rn~:~onal • tut: ti ')n in rh;ch J"""AN st&rids today , and fro 1 'Cractical neceFtity, it is desir .. ble tlv:t J J.PAN coooerE te r"i th Gl:.. t:·•HW and al eo go hand j n hand Y.'i th IT! TY. Hov·ever , the general eenti111ent of JJ PJ.~· see is t o ':>e thet Fhe cannot e f e.i n nut out her once- rejected hand to or~ t !ri . Pevt~t~ele~e , the bias of J Jrf.tJ is such thEt the r el at fonehiP O<..treen JA!'J.r, GF..RMANY and IT: TY can be brous..ht back aga i n to the pa et not ,,r-y ; l" for:n but f 11 feet .

The Gr ·;w -U. ~ . ~ . 'R. ?act, co1 cJ uded in tMe t•o.y , is rot due to <HA~ !\"Y ' s ill ~in afainst J/.P/'Ji and Gf niy alone ?nus t not be denounced f or a octrLyer . Then, I 'eel >;·e mu?t comlidcr cooly "het~er the oorcJusion of this Rt.t:.SO- C:! ~J.i,;N Pact i ~ l'dV&nU·.gcoue to JAPf,t' or not. The first fr11i t of the GI. U!Y-U. ,. . • c , { . Po.ct is the current B0ITI~ H-F..,T :'C~ ':"e:r ag~i nst C.F1.'.V.t-'Y . If the r r ... 'V.1'.NY-U. ~ , ~ • n. Pact ht'd not b een cor c-luded, GF.!'J~ ;.t,r.! wouJd '1robabl~r not twve e.dopted such e. ~trong policy. I t may ~,e said th. t the GZ!' .,fl~-U . ~ . ~ ,'" . Pr.ct r c; s a d~rect ~.ncel"ti ve to this v·ar .

I do not blind; ~, c..,nsi cl e-r the pre sent v·i-.r :In FUTlOPf 1·.s ':-<?:Ing a di vi ne t o '1Pest or nrovidenti al hcl; for J/1PU' . P.ov.•evflr , I ffr11l y l>o, ieve thi t the fact thF- t thts v.ier has brokel" ".lut cnn 1'e develooed in f :-vour of J l 0 /.N according to her &ims al"d l')()lici.es .

~:1rtber , it w s rerere.11:,r he1ioved thc.t •·ith the co.,c)usion of the ?.l!fSO-C' ·n: Peet, the u . c: . ~ . 1. TOUl d be o.ble t o turn all hfl" encrrics tov·l·r ds the F' R E..'i~T since she r.ould feel Eecure ~ n the -e~t , and, consoquentl y , J l P.~.N rould be ro1or e fubj ectcd to her pr e mu re , Hortever , v:e find the f E· cts to he t r.· contri: ry . The ti . (' .: . :i. e. t present desires to .~djust the r -:. l ttionfhio ~t,·eer her fel f ~nd .T~Pf.~' . In f i: ct, the lK)llO~~AN Ces.s o- Fir e "grc.1;"tont r.c.s dri:..ady been concluded . It tce~1s the.t on suer ~mt.tor:: :. E tho dC;) i"i!:I tctj on of the bor der , or t.- no"' co111merci£.l troL:ty , or the nr obl'"!'I of concessions , t he net oti t.. tfons E.I'C progrc~~ing etce.di ly . In one ·t'.y or cnnther , v:e can rt.' cognizc the f e.ct thz.t the s ent 1.l'1f.'nt of the U. ~· . « . ·=t. is })E)CO!'l~ ng fcvouri>ble tO\'£ rds J: F: ;:: , In all likeHh':'od, t.hey t.rc eve~ r€'e.dy to corcludo a non-agr;rcs~ion trcc.ty , if ,T.' PI:.! ' ·j s hoe to do so . I t is r.1y strorig beJief thi t sho i s even prcpnr<'d to stop her essiFte.nce to C};U'A e.nd t he CHV l<G r .'J - f HE!f r 1,gi.r.1c. . •\ t prcFC'nt , t.hey L' r e trying to


. .

lJocu. \C nt l o • 1(>16 P£·.gc t~o. ll

f l ,.;~ rt t c the.. 11'.t i . . 1 P.~rty I nrl the. c1:rr·'' R Co1::r.\Un~ f't l t rty . I t !.' '.)CMS

t o •c tilt t thc. U. ' ... rl. lof t hon0 in CH! p·r Y.:'I - ' HE" e nd her effort to fe')l'.rr.tc thc"l i£ for thr T)l1r'>Of'C' of prcvc. ntirt the Cl ni:;- E Comminir t "Pt rty f !'01\ Dt::Onrr.i r•g 'I l 1V 1 Vt:d ~ n the clc>ngor of C. CO !MOn r•lin ,..~th tho t't tioro.l P1. rty .

If it b e, tn1" , "Kr - t·r i Ec,: the "ir·inortt r t f'r ct t }"lot, 's e. r cEult · " o r th<' corclusjo:l op t r.e ''lJ~SO- •.! • 0 , ct, tl•c r 1. lct'lo. J hotv·ccn J. ;>tr end th~. U. ' •• ·~ . ht ve been inprovl.d . F i ·C'111 tMc:- ':)Qi:'lt of vioi , I f~~l the conclusion or tlc .U SO-Gl~ ~ ~~t tt dcf 'lnito1y not dis~,1vr1.t. C''>llB t o J.'T' ' r. Furthc r 'lor c , I think, v riouE ~.c1 vr rtc.r <.s v"ill pro~bJy i.ccruc t c J'~;: f ro•'\ this rc.lttion~h:i" . For 'r:rtcrc" , t s c. r. F"1.t of the, r h- '.,.-1) n Ct 'li .... IT.: , 4nd 1:1n· n •nd Fr'•·cE, due t o the conc).uEion of tb itUH'O-CEHNt.1; l\W- J!r.£rn:ei "n , ct , B~IT!.IN toJc.l cc nnot SU''Por t Cf:!~W' h.U-'"l'E:~ and ex<.rt prcE surc.. on J 17'/ 't..' . In short, the dis&ppeurcncc of the U . <. ~ . R.' s 'l'.'rc::-sur~ h:1 e gr· ctly r elieved J,'?/N. Tho r•ositior. of J /Pn1 hes N:· co·1c st~·blu'. Consequently, . ,.o cc-.n suy t hat EUTJ W is r t h~r v :i.t.1 ~ end.

The at.l'\O thirg ic..y b e. e~ ·d c.bov t J~ .• Jl11Jf,, ! think . i. ~::>.!C l\ i s no\7 ver y i.nxious ( bout .Tt ..:-.~ ~11 s r c·npr ochcmont , ith the l' . <- . ~ . 'f1 . Wi t h B'UT: I N, !'it! ~IC! cl n i.ys hopos f,.,r dottiriorot I on or ;:!.UffO- .P

0r r.11;f F

rol~·t'ions . This is ~CC'.us.:. she f Pors JJl 1lJ.tT' s 1'.>0Si tion in the FAR E.' ~T ..-:i ll bo str engthened . If Jt. ~·~ n v:crc to fifht v1ith the u.c ,[- . . , sho \"'Oul d hf.VO to r cl c x her CO!'ltrol or construct1 on in cur~,· . They hope tht t J/."!'f' -::ill fina it neccEst.r!' to f.i vc up CrT~'! . The "'OEdbility 11f c comnr\.,r1if:c bot · ·rt n J/:T)tl~ r. nd tho ~OVI;:T UHTN~ i s trnJ.y onl"oying t o thorn . The r ec.son · :.y ; EUC/, tuddonly r coogni.zc.d the U. ~ . <- . ;. . e.ftor Elxter n yct rs • :;,.· f'- ···n l i~ thi& : /ftcr tho outbre~.k of the !~!'t'C~Uf. ~' Inciclent , J/,-:>J.r ... ,,...~·.d not liE-tc1~ to .\!~r· ·1ct in e very 1nettcr, nnd , mor eover , :· 1} n C \ cr n do h· rdJ :· e.nythi ng to J,' "/ , ' . The U. ~ . .... . 1. is tho onl~· c0untry d t hin r :t ch of J .'.P/.1'' . Thor ( f ore, : :. F1IC!' c dopt f.d r. riolic~ of l ending "'loncv, SU"'!"' ly~ ng l'lf. t oric.ls , ... r.<l !'urn1 shing t c chui ccl l.X'"l..:rtf: to t he U . ~ .f . a. in or der t o mr kc:. her T)()t'er ful fO

thr. t ." iii, no: could o ore~s JCU·' .

The c.bovc ")Olicr lms vor kcd s \.1cccssful ).y, nd the r el:: t i'>D bct \--ccn J. ?t.~' c.nd t ho U. f. ::. . R. hr. s b~cn ngrrc vc.t r d until todt y . <'incc Jt ?I N hc.s U".> to nor: been ..:,x.h!'.11sting he:r n: tionnl s:trc ngth if' the CHJ .. ,'.. I nci dent c..nd her r e;l .. t ions 'iii th t~10 SOVIET Ut!Ii1N ar o ~trt:incd , n.r mc.y come et r.ny tir\c , BRIT: .n~ : s nttitudc to·:Tr ds JAPAN is c s fir'll c.s ever . If , ~. n nddition, flt. r-rc.~ should riress .J/ ~; i; , it is th,,ught thI·t J.~. '.)PN v.rould ho entirely tlcfc'.'t~d . It v:o.s duo t o F.uch ideP e t nc.t ,')Ji F.tUC~ c.oondoncd the Co!'1"lor cir:.l Trwty .

_J


I

L

Docu1•1ont i'o . l 616

Ho• over , i f Jl?/.t: f , lt ac.cur ... · in hr l"clt.ti.i:>ns \:1th tho U.S. S . i\., <.•V<'n tho c. 'lx..ndo11'%nt of the Com~c.roii:.l Tru-. ty \'0uld, not ct ueo her to nc~· tho slighteet hood • ~~ l 1ICf~ '!IUSt r egret M'' the t h r r trick nrovcd di&. ~oointing . Thoref oro, she 1 r grcn tly ooncr rned r.b0ut the notls1bi11.ty of cor.c1 l1sion of o. non-l'ggrc..as~.on tl"1."tY bot,·ocn J' '.'>JJI r.rid the U • . • < . 1. \' ·hc·n thoir rdc tionshin i t:t".)rovcs , und Ehc dc!"irce t o prevent it one ;:r y or ~· r.,,thc r . Jt prc ec nt, t•. f the public op:lrion of ,T."i'~ N is nflt yr t !)crfcctly united i n thr t re Ereot, AM~~ICt thinks tlu t by tc.l•ir.f :. r .- thcr fin·' ~t::nd, J.t.,~N 7:r:.y ~ivc un her r 0l c t"'onshiT) vit}'i the u.c.! . . \ ., so M'ERJC' v:itl nroh bl~ fo1lor th· t courrc . Thc.rccftcr, t-r~E~i<;l riJJ c"ntirmt.. to sho\" such e n t ttitudo for r. r•hilo in the Co""'lrrcit.l Trl.~ ty c·nd ~n t}'io Cl!T1',• Incid nt . Ho"cw:r, "'C ooEt not thouphtlcsdy be. tllken in h:r tk·t; •:·hr t _ ver c. tttt.,dc they "'WY tr.kc , v·o nfJ<'.d · ot : r;c r . r c shnuld C"l"r.· "U t our noJJ cy :I rdc""ondcntl y •

Thus, JA~1.N 1 s pres ent di:rlo.:1 tic oositfon in th.; i·orld fr hcing -: holJy kproved , no r nxic,ty iE f , lt t 1'r :ecrt 1 n r c. r.c '"<i to the t! . ~ .s . n ., r.nd the pressure from BU'NH' ctnd tho ln'ITED '"T'Trf! is diminishing . In c. , .. ord, •:· t.. o\'C, tM.s to tho nUSSO-GFRMJ,N Treaty.

For t. l.l tlit. t , t her e· pre voi l c.xpr<. tsi.rme £\nd fcc..lin:-· s rJ1tonf the J , ?tN'f:'.<'F. peopl e to tho effect thr t Gr' I NY i s susucct for she.king h1 nde ni th tho U ,.· , ~ • i. , t h! t G , • .- 'J i'Y ie bni ng drc. eeod {round by thE· U. ,. .s. ·i . t-odcy c nd tlll t should t.r c. 1 :L r be prolone;od , GERMANY \:ould bo oot t cn for le.ck of !'l"noy . I th:\nk this nlUE't bo q\·ito dit>L.grcc.ablo t,, GF .. 'i....l ' 1'·Y . /'. t any r e.to , such o. v·oy of thi nkj ng hr. s d1 rkc ncd the '!.>C.:. th J/ T>J. ~1 should t.c.ko in the futuro . It is bcccuso tt.oy r r o thus b..de<lly ,·:rons in thdr thinkine, th. t they do not knn• \':}'ir.t to do.

I n the fir::t ol c .. cc , Ngcr dir.g the 1:;vc.nts l cC'.ding to the conclusion of tho 1.Uf~O-GE ··.tn: ,.,e.ct , '.''C muet not only tcko nurny ,,r the.. conditions of C~ UlJY int.., consider a tion, rut fror1 the. TY>int of vie.\"' of •pnrld h: E to:cy , the cooper tinn b.:. t1~c0n 0F. :.'1• ~'Y crd the. U. t. J' . ;{. Vl!~ nt..c;:,~r• ~; < nd this noul d hr v~ bc..:n eiMilL.rJ y t· ch:lcvc:.d , I think, oven i.f ~ n c.llilncc {•.laong JJP:tJ, G ... !.·,i fli'Y and JTtIY h·d bean 00ncJudc.d . JC'!'.N, Cf 1·ell u: r f"'. !.i:Y , r·ould hrvc. done so. Furth· m'>r c , tbif' is not : n ur.·isc stco , for E.!t r c·,ncJ.ucUng l\ JfT.~·.t~-GEriJ. /tlY-IT!JY /,J.l i r.ncc , -; c coul d furthc'r coo1J~r:..tc ~·· :I.th t}"lo U. c .s.R. I belit.vc it nr opor tl"t.c t \'" f confront t ho f~VICT u:·'l0"' ;·i t h the. ro· Tr or three countriN' c.nd coopcr n t c. w:I th her under t.dvont.:.ec.o,1s condi M ons for J£.P;, ?1 , C. F':-t.'.JJi'f ,

~.nd IT.'.1 Y, r cspecti vol y .

J.t t he b0ginninp.: of Jul.y , 1939 , I dcf'i. nitoJy subtnittcd the e.bovo

opini on to t he Gover nment.

_J


Docur.ic.nt No . l ol6

J· ,..1 ,, ••• 4 t Ar \•() •· 'T''h r t~ .t tho "'?US'O-G!:. I 'J ~' 0 uot 'l''es C')l"Cludcd, nd 1 i (•r t h; t . Is I he vo 1uRt rumtionod , it hce

- • 1, : 1, • 11 t \, for J/ ,.,,, tl. ~hurc forrJ , Jfl i:'Al'1 hr.e no r cr son '\.O 4'c t:l <1ieP tif:f~ \,;d rith Gr ~ J.'Y . I think 'Cl "1USt mt r"rgc t the good ,-ill rho• ·n to .t: ":',' •! by Cf;:·<.\tt NY c..l1d othvrs duri r.g the- CHI '/ Incident , Of Mureo, under prc~C'nt intc..1·n~·t~'>nr l r ulc.tj'ln:riof , tho J tPn!fcE nr·oQlc !'lurt 11ot b s o "'~i vc c·e t ·> l>c vni nly f"\"".::1..d b~· ::-. ntii:1,,nt . I c n1t 'naiPt" i.g th. t jurt b :.cf.UEC Gi"·•!?lY' ,. nd JTH~ ,- r o nico t " us

""il r the. er~ I lr.~l.dt.nt, ·. \,) Fh--:ul c\ .,,c do<.. nly "\OVC.d lr.f it --nd runc.y t '1e;: 1 i o .. , v .. r cli f= • dv1 riti•.pr oup 1 t ·igrt bo t o .Tt Pfi •• ~ol'•cvc r , under ti10 or< f crt int\ rl'lt t1 rm l c'>nc:H tfonf, if :ruch tnt."li tc.rio.n criuntric s ' " Gl 1 t ?1Y, JT.'T.Y, 'zid ot h1..rr ·~Mch t rv tryil'lf to cruel- the old ~-orld 1rd~r rd t 1 c 1n .. truct o. nc inc , •·c,rc dcfc-· t <d b~· thl dor"cr: tic c nuntri•e of JM"''. P , .'!1E''" C'. , •f"d F.>" CF rbich - r e t?"!il"( t n "'lC.irtl in t o proee:nt c r-d"ti on uf tt-1. 'f'>1·ld, · ii· t r:oP, d 1,, c?rc nf ,T,,../JJ? I \'r.nt yl)1J t , consicl .• r t.t>i~ r.o4 nt c_rc:f'ui1.:'•

{ h .t 1 .. ould li~.r-'1 11 1f .Ti·'' 11 h· d ~ 11 vo :J f '>r t l.c f-£l ko ,.,; the· de •1ocr tic c >1•r: t,..L ,. t,.., d c::-t1•ny tho t ·"'lt:' lit rir ro n· tio!'s, c nd if the o ld po11 r~ ,.,;: o~·oc~.cy h rd Cf)rl\, t "> d o"i. n.• t o t hC; •·orld cr.c.in? T0 the c.yc...r of E'lTT.'J" , th1.: u;1'J1ED f'T•' TF~ , c. zid othr rs , Ji '>fi'l , t"ldt>~• , ls c. ri.flcc.l nnt infr "'io-r t -. C'·'• ~./'fN t.nd ! 'Il.TY , t•.nd is coneid.;r cd c.e c.n c· r,gi:-0tiror . If thty .. in t.r.~.in , the rornlt ,·11.ll n,,t· be r ~ ei•.1pl o c.e thc.t ':>f t' c. l t :- t :·n1 fTOl' Conf(,r (. l'Ct. , I '\1:1 cur f th .t tho:,.· ... ,,uld f " rCt i JI "'~.'1 t l'.l -~ t~drrr her :- rn~· fl'Ol'l C!lT' '! , t o r ..:iturn 1AP'CHlPii. o.nd, f1•rtror"'ort , t " : c. t "'>ut of Kr F~~ e 1"d '!"~ :1·0~, • 'J'hc~· "C':luld pr'>~"bly c.vc.n i ndrt th t t he '.'h0l c· J; · .. : ~'F~'E r..r:v:r 1't. SUJ'lk off oarv.t· lflc-.nd . Such

/ 'i r qui t t. obvi.'1UE: .

L

lb" • wr, if r.r !' . .iJ!Y r cc.J.1.y if 1.•n~ blo to c1cf"c> t B:IT/P' e.nd F!l.~ ~·cE, i t if' lltCdl \,:- r t " f'fY th:: t JAPAH l'IUt>t think the \'I' tt1:r ~vcr dC.CT)l y. I t · ould be urfnrtuJJC.tc.. , but \~O ccnnot support thoee rho ere destined t ~ he. def , • tcd . Ho Vl r, es f 'lr my fore er.rt ">n tM e , .. r r , I si··mly ,. nrrt bo.ivVC t~ t G" '•Jjl!Y •:•Hl b., bu tcr t.('ain thiE t.i"lo.

Ir. th~ firct pl, cc , • ill Ci· 1 ·1 "'Y cr-ntinue, thit": r·: r ~.' he r<"elf to tho J;.· st? ~:o , J'J'I: Y ··ill j .,in -+:hc.s ~1; ..,. , _. .. nd , I C!il cui t c. FU!"f" , ~n the. oidc 0f G:·.i''1JJ'Y . i~, stc1c i: , ht.r l'Cl ti.,ns dth the. U . f . ~ . :; . ~re not r.s \''C. • k r,.nd unccrtr in ~-s nc.')plc, think , mid th· fnVIET doubtlc.fF •."ill in pr~~cticv E-ivo \':nrtlr··hilt.. u·::istrncc. to heir , •Jvc.n •· ithout d1 clc.rin~. '."C.r. In thu nrr.f~l't &i i;m t i nn, such r c.utrr-.1 c0unt.r:S r;s t\P the '!\-: ] kt:l"S rill prr•ftr to tc.kc trc dde of Gf'l/1i/. MY ~.ft1Jr c.11. ?11r,h t not oth0rs ~uch c:e TU#tJiEY , c 0c.rcc:d h .. tho.: j oint f orcer of GT:~V rY, I'l'/lY end the. u. :- . ~ . ·i ., ' be c·etr r-r;, d fr1P B""..I~·:. I?! t:.nd F.l· tJCE? S"."'J It! \"ill c..1:.:-o sida ,..i th GF . .ilMANY

_J


L

.,.,.gl. lfo . 14

: · \ ' J ' r '~r -:.· r l + r , 1 be~ h \'l, . Ir :1h".>rt / qut to contr .. T!' to 1..!.c. ti'.:I( '>t thl. l u t ' ~ i·, )n .... "'• y rr y t l•r.t nt'l country v:i l 1 bu nn c.11~' of D'u T.Jlt nt~d F t. ~'Ci; , Jurt t.t= or:.;'</o. ptoplc. • r o quick r t bus~ rcsE , tho s~ 11 c11untrit E 1 n LP f'PE 1..r o vi. i;,· P\.nd tt vc to the prr. ·..,r of ., ~ r t.l- t: ' O." . 1• co•mtri .... e "r t •.., tho t'lnc.s c.rd 1ovcut ntr of the big P"'' c r r , n the t t'H ir L tti tud ~ e er n be t ro b: r ,,r.u.t< r ">f the r •.Ll ;l-l 'HH rr nf B'1T:.:iF , i .. • CE, C' r.•1/~f'{ end J'l'J.lY. The •c.r c. f • ct thrt i:.'1"' r •It lJ. F' \O"H.l' c·wntricr .:tr o "hr1.;rv'\ nr u rtri ct nc.utr- Ji ty , contr:..ry t , t~ " t1~.1c o~ th~ la ft -·l'r , i., lu"tr t tc..r t ' c ~i ! .dv:. !'tc ft of IH~Tj J?l

c T1d F;l • CE •

. :orc,.,vc.r , tM.r tir1c GT:> .. •1:.''Y. , c"ntrr.ry to t.rc. pr' vif)US ti"lc , is ' v -,idirg c,xht uc.ti on ~s :·roch r..::; oo~~iblo . It ~r ,,..,. thrc.o ·1rT1thS P1t.co the. .... utbrcek ">f t.10 q r , '.,~ phc.; hc.s not ~·c:-t <.np,: gcd in ..-!1l'.t :1icht b:. c!•.llc.d r. \ :.:.r " f e.ttr 1 t111n . This i e dul- t" the S!EGFiUED Linc. . Shutting t:1C·r1r lvl.e u~ ir. th .t f,.,rtrl e~ , the Cc. r .. : ns ht.vo rn cl.trtic n">rition; t.'1!t ir, ··hn:.v:r t h<J lx ttlc ii; pr ·"':.1iFing , thy cr·i... r gc.., but if n"t , th•.·:r confr'1"'t thdr t.nC:'lJ' fro'1 thdr f "lrtrc.ff e"rrie~n ·;ithnut m;i.r f; up L.ny rn;t, ric.l c , no 1 tt."'r h"''' n.ny nonths c.nd ye.: rs i t n·ty tr.kc . 11('>:' '-"v" r, t h .. h ck r~utl.S '1f ,f...,od ru.,TJJy o.r c qui t o unr l- f'tri Ctl.O t0r\c:y ' thr t iF , the. b..ckyr rd PL~ be.on cnl c.r gcd . B· c;.dc r ' tho mr t Lri ls nrvi=1. rvLd by Gl'~'.n!Y thir tirw c.r.<. qt~it<. r. grc.r t dc·nl 0011\~ r ed ~it~ t h..: l r nt ~.1111< • er..~ .:J .so ~~ r C'. f'"'">d Ft nck ... r muni ti one . r -\.. iF nnt ·: c.t\Y.cn•.d ~ rel. E..hl- h" e ~.1crr; m0l't f'U"'>PlY r <>utN· t hf r. l o.rt tir.io . J.1 1 t,h~<. tl:lncs trc r.dvr r.tr P-'"'"us t ' h1..r. /.lro, t · r ~'>lit) cr l mid ( C'l~ ...,Nic Etruct u'!'" 'tF ·1ost Eul.t:. bl<.. to n nroll)n~c d n r . Stio is qui t o """ flfi dc.ni:. -.f. vj ctory \'l'he:thcr it b r ir. c. t•1.r of ncrvc.e 0r of c.r durc·.ncc .

Il' •dd ;ti.Jr tr- ul1 t here, th' grc1 t d vvclop:nl nt 11f her {".:\ r forc" s cr· , t1.:, r u t rictr t he c.cti0n of tho B.UTIS~ nrvd. o~r('r . t'O' •c.r r of ;::ibn. rin< e ' r L c:.l~o r.r .=.t. tly i "\pNv..,d . It r:iuot be rc-i nt cd nut thL t tho ?ld n·vy ;n no ~ore i!'v-:i.nciblc in nr,~c.l"t-dc..y EU '0PF. If IT~JY end t hc.n ~ :•n l1 t'hnuld j :)in th- t:or, it uould be c. ec..rious c.ffr ir f or B aT'H . :her e; ·:·0t'.ld h~ brc t dc:.rg:r ,.,f ht.r dcf\ ,i.t not ,,n]y )n tho ':\~.re cnd\1r1 !"Cl, c >rt0i:.t , but r.1. ~·o in t '"c £'.ctuc.l ·i::c r .

Under suc:1 clrcur1t:tt.nct.~, C' .. ~·J":.'.":'/ t~dc.r r11ll never be dcfco.t od , ov0n und:.r t he. ·.r·r l" t oossibl c c">ncJ til)nE . Thcr l-f or c , ,..c r ccch the cnncludon the t t.h<'n. •:ilJ. "'c n:> i;rci t dc.ng .. r, if J f_t>/J

1, t odny , dN:S

~hno:: good-·:. ill t n G~: j'..'.: HY end fie;ht~ ?l" h•)r sido . Fu1'.'tl~nr:noro , if t ho countric.e tl'>t t c~n· tryirg +,o c pt c.b1iel. n n0\7 ">r dl.r in I•:lJil0PE eh"uld not b 1.. ublc to win, it , .. ,..,u~.d l)c i r:1p0ssiblo f 0r the. J/'~;-~'E~E pc')pl e to c,..,nstruct a nc w ordl r ir: .11n/-. Gonc. r c.lly rpcokil'g, t he old nrde:r in ~:ll':O..,E r.nd !:.r'JA if :rc..!)rd:c..r.t cd · by B,lIT;.n! c.nd F:.V

1•'CE. If t he countriv ..

•'

!

_J


Dc:our1\. nt tlc.. . 1616

thC'.t ere urd~rvourirt t..., •inir.t E.in thif ol d '>rd· 1· ct·rnl')t be dc f ,·.r t c..d, c. netr ord<..r cr.nn" t bC; oft ! bHFh<..d , 1 t l•cr i r. th<.. Occidc,r t or in the Ori1..rt . JJ"r' , GT~- :tr: nr.d '!'T' ·y rro c>ll onnr.tri \,;F \'"horc :·1 ~fr'\.c n it is t f'I buHd in Cl>O')~rnti'>n the. r .. :· "'"lrld od r. .1:Ncn v·ith .. ut cor.ciud:l.ng r'. trc..~ty, th<. E' il'l ">f ti1c. thr .. c l"f'• re if' r.nt•.

Tho G.:. :":J.•, ' 15. ue:1..d t"'l s '\y , "By n., nc.i.nc d " • '· c.sk for J/ . .,,' l' to cc·11c.

c.rd help u~ i r ,.,. 10,E. f hc r.c.~ rcr o· n ~11 n-1 ..... ,, t ... cnrr.· "ut. Har oblige.ti "" t.·· f. tr t t~· • ·l'ul d b<.. dh chu.rg1..d ~- de Ftr.-y• r c t t-1 ">ld f'lrd r !'r.d ost£..b1 1shi.ng t:. n<..~· nr c. in nJJ . ilr 1?iric f3r4tirh TlO··, r !'rrr1 " If. by :i.ey mct'r•e is cct1w.lly ... h..t , .. c ·nuld rxwct .fr ..... ~1 J:rJ!t cs her duty ir. tHc Trc..c..ty . Vi\.. r -..q1,irc. r otHnc il()r l thrw tt:t." le l orp . f

Jf-.:t ccrri .. s .;ut thE t ?JJi.?r thn, thr r~· it> r ·.11~· J'l"I nr cd f<"r e.n o.11iuncc 1...rd t h' l i!--c. Tho:r "'r.rt ,TJ '.'. t"> fir.ht r"ll ··.ly f 0r the crtd, .. idric.nt :>f C. l"C. r· rrc:cr- in ."· T/. t.rd 'l"'t'l..ll'f" C'n t~\'.:rdF the nttl~ 1ut of the crp:: Iuc!~.:·r t r·itii (l fir ··: r .,!'ol vc - c·v . r t l"I COl.l!'r""li SC. t·ith t t.<. l')ld po:·.crf' 0r ·:1-~kc. C"1ncn:d ?1;r t /' tl.c.r1.


Document No . 1616 P~gc 16 ..

Thts is to wit, the position of J.\P\N "'nd the duty of J~PAN •11he ther or not 'J£pr·:\~ nnd J4.Pt\N conC'lude nn ~lltqnce . \'la need not involve ourselves i.n the war tn EU:kO?~ . Japnn' s l')UShing f..:>rW3rd to 1 solution in the true sense of the word of the c~i::u~ InC'ident will resnlt in he::- helping G}l~P~'.!\ NY. Furthermor3 1 what GFn't\NY is doinr, at present will in effect aid 1.n the settleme!'lt of tl1e CH1.:N.\ Inc1.dent. At present no or9 in JAPAN h1s nny objfH;tions to the establtshwent of 1 new order in ~ Gr ~qIA . Therefor~ 1 bel1.cv~ thP o:-iJy nccesf;nTy and &O•)qnnta policy is for JAP: .. N to exert her ittn·o5t to c.1rzy it out suc.c-essfully by embrncing it and insisting upon it~

H0'7t.i\:e:r '.1->1·d sh~ t1~.V' exe-rt hP.r self for the est"'lblishment of new order 1.n C:Hll~. , there is a limit to J 1\Pf,N's power . She has eng".H~ed in a war of 3ttrit1.on in tha CHIN~ lr.cid~nt for more than two years now . J\p ·\;1 rr1ust twoid as much :is JjOS~i.ble the w1ging of 1n even lar15er st:olc. w:1r, 1'1 order to con:;e~·vP. h; r n--ttionol resources anJ to mcil{e ry:rovis1ons fer t~.e gre!lt efiol'ts to cor.e. Furthermo:...e) I think th.1 t or.ly in 1 \'/~1· w l th the SOVIET UNION wilj J:\P-'\.!l te 11.-ible to 3 \'/::> r of (IL~r1~1on. tforeover , thn H.S.S .R . wants to comoro:i1i~e ,.,i th JAP~N 1na 1v::i:Jn hP.!' h '111ns of the rttR EM.;T. There is 'l:l op.,,ortunity for b.a:- again to t'1ke n1rt in EUllOPE. /\. C'hnnce has come for her t o !')J ' Y an :ictive p1rt to the west and sor of ~ll}{OP~. Cnder ~hec.:E ci.r(·U'n;,t::mcen, it is ridiculous for her tc

'be hos ti le with J.\P'\.N or.d ~:eep lnrge forces in the F!\E 14.:~ST . She hopes, th~refore, to conclude !m~edt1tely a non-aggrAssion Tre~ty or the like , ~nd withd~~w. For JAP\N, it ts 1n excellent foreign pol icy whtch should be begun first of a 11.

To set the U.5 .. S . R. nt ense in tte rllR EhST wilJ be 3 great factor, I be l ie\"fl , to make the EUF.~?2.\N War more active . ~:.10 U. S.S . H. ; ''/1th the force to be witr.dr:wm f r om the F\R E.\ST , may emerge in the ~:\R E.'\ST O::' the PEn5I:\t·! GULF. Prob::ib:y GSR'~NY expects it ~nd the U.S,S.TI. hopes for it . Furthermoj.·e, it would be il gr<:!'lt tr.e'l'.lce to D'f.IT1iIN. In such "l c ·J se , G 'R'~.\NY would feel secure ':lnd ITl\LY mtg ht join the W"l:i' e;trl i e r th1n we expected 'lt fi:"st. 'l'hrttJ tt.e ,-rw v1 on!..d oecome a re~11 one . However, a c; the situ~tion st'.lnds now, whe!1 neither G'~l~·.'\NY nor the U.B. S .H. can exert thernsel-;.res sufficiently in EUP.O?E , IT\ LY w111 rem1in neutra} for the ttme being.

/\.nd so;ne doy , if and whan BRI'U.I!\r f!.nd s out th1 t the ch'.lnces of winning 'lre flgnir..st hJr , she might ~roblbly propose pa1ce . GBRl':,NY, to the present clny ~ his nl11~ys been prepared for such a thing. 'rhoy, if the vm -: Ghould ncit c•'nt1.nve to the last , and if it sh!".uld end in r eo<1nriliation, '3n 1.nter1ution::l conference would be sure to 'l)e neld . j"i>.F!'(N would t '.lke p'lrt in it , a nd the U.S . A.


Document No . 1616 P~go 17.

would , too . If 1..n Jl\PAilf 1 s pol tcy tow1rd GRB/S BRtT.\IN and the l'NIT'f'D "'l'\ ~S, she neither compromises nor cooper3tes , and in her policy to;•m r d m.:r· ·!\.NY, ITU"Y nnd the U .s .s . R. t s he does not m1ke concesstons , .: nd tf she follm ·r, the so-c1llect independent nol. t C'y 'lnd makes no friends, J t.P: N \'/ill be compl';? tely isoli.lted in th1.s pat.lee confere nce .

A. l thou.z>-i we do not know •;1hen such pe1ce will come ther e i s no "11r wt thm.•t r ~conci 1 i "l tion . 1!le 'llso do not krow whe ther po3ce \11.ll come enr ly 0r l n t e but 1 t ·1y come soon.:?r thF\n we expect . It m1y end 1.n a Jr"lw wilhout sur~ nder on e ither stde . In that c1se , if J\P\N is lsola~~- , the oroblPms of the Eaqt will be C\:tC'r1..ftced :ind the settiement of orobl~ms of other nr e"ls will be 1ccomplished in the socriftce of ~cit . Ther~fore , I think thnt tod"ly •·1e s hould not qffirm the "\utonomous policy of J~P~N 1 s diplom1cy or pr e ss forw'.'lrd in tha CHIN.\ Incident , but should first of ::i 11 r a:dju-;t r el '1 ti.ons with GER' '.\NY and IT.\LY -;nd build friendl: r a l n tions with the U.S .S. R. Moreover , thera is ne ithar d:nga r nor 1.nsecurtty for J \P'\N rr s o doing. It is my firm <"'onvicti.on t hi.lt by thin the ro~d to ~chiove~ent of our mis s ion of est 3blishing th~ new orde r 1.n ~!'\ST \ S T\ will be opened .

Th3re ore m:my thin~s which <'Onfirm my conclusi.on , but h11ving no time to exDl~in them in detail, I shall omit them.

In fine , the SOVI~T-r.::;~V'\N co.?11tion h"ls been "Chieved . I\ r c-or dingly , since the 8urope1n W1 r h'l s broken out , it is certain th'1 t J.\P~N ' s intern1 tionql poe;it1.on h"l s become very "'dv'1nt'1geous , nnd it would improve incre:lsingly if only the gover nment does not "doot wr ong policy . It is necos~nry to utilize these f'lvouroble cir~umst3nce q , mq~e them bette r o nd est"blish here on ~ solid foundat ion :t gr aq t nnd f3r-sight ed policy for the r~r '€3st . It i s unthinknble th'lt the pe ople do not know '.'thn t t o do , ~lthough it i s the r:'\rest of opportun i ties . .\bove :1 11 ?lse 7 the unific:ltion of n ·-. ttonal v iews ts n pressing need . '· 1. t h th·1 t only c~n J\P'\NESE diplorrmcy r e tnrn to its ortgin·1 l course . T -:·:ing tho most of J f,P.\N1 s pres3nt f"\vor 1ble s i t\ •tion, I think \le should exert our utwos t for the r.; tion to e st ' bl1.sh <.l perm:inent foundation .

..


nocutront io . 1616

I":I.

"' OVI1~'-G7r· ·.\N ('0 .• L f'1 ION p;.oBLE''

\FD GEfft{\N PO'"'ER

( LBC"l'T'R-;_: G rv--1 •• 'l' T~ I' P t:R"L\L UN!VBF.S !TY ,\Llr TNI '~S ~OC7'.."!?TO'T /G'..KUSHI-K.'~I/ IN lEBRU.'..RY 1040

/<:;}iQd \ 15/) .

The r eca nt diplom~c v of J~P~N bc f ore I went obr o1d , wos b -:sed on th:? J '. P .\'!-G"-:t · "-~f'- - I'T''\LY \nti-Comintern .\xis , ··1hich the 1?ovc rnr.ient c-onst~ntly l')rocl·,i ~l'-=d "IT"ld 1.:htch all of the people b 3lieved . Hmrnv;r , \fl t h3 CFTN\ lnc1.dant ~r1duoll.y progr assed , the people 1.n ~2ner1l r e·, lizad th1t Garm~n "Ind It" li'ln -;id to J\P\N ~ r'"'s 3xtreme ly offect1.vo so th~t th<? OT)iniol'l c3me to be exµr3ssed th'lt '1 fvrth2r steo shot1.ld be t'l 1{en to m~ke it into o m1.lit'1rY (\ ll 1_ "'nc ~ . ·

T. think th;t the feel 1.1'\g of JT1'1ny pcoplJ 1.n J \P:'1.N ':1'1S in ,,~rc0T1Jent "'".th this . '\t any r "ta , I l 8ft J '.?.1.N •'!hen pr:i1.scs f or tho Germ1n-T~; 11_nn .'\nti-Comint :irn nxts wero being sung the loudas'i 1 1 aft for :r:•r;~LY with tha f esl ing th'.1 t I w~ntcd to r ender s0t11e service in tha r. 1ttcr by do in~ my humble best from obro1d . The -r e l 'ltion-;hi.1) b e twzen th·1 oth3r n· \:rtias , GEff\\~TY 'lnd IT .LY, h.'i s gr' du"ll,~ 1sc;urned im9or .:~nco in ~tmO•'E "1nd they h'w e corre to r2co~n1.zc the gr3: t itnl)ort'1nc3 of t7•ln~ trn ··1t th J:.P •.'T in tho Orient . Of c-ourse , GE1··· ·;.NY '"!nd 'T.T \.LY :~ l;,o h'"'d the S'1l'!"C, or str ong3r, f eeling '1 s J ~.P.'i.N to strcngthan th;; J '.P.\N-GER: . .\.NY-IT~LY ' Oalition. Since both sides h"d the s1Me feeling, I, too, h~d the ho~0 of succc~ding \lithout much difficulty in th~ n~tt~r of 3 J'\.P,\N-GEF· ·:\.\"'Y- 1T';.LY m1.11.t"lry nlli1nce . Ho·r3vur, i: s :)ns ~d upon my 'lrriv1l th1t th ~re '· ' ' s cons ide r'1blo discr..J o'lncy bet•

1een ,.,h') t

G~R~: ~.NY "'nd l:T\LY ···:int ~d '111.d \"lh3t J !.P!\N r aquir3d . Th~t is , the r 3 w1s 1 V'1ry widespr -=-"d f ,.;.; ling to sh1ke h~nds ~,~d coworom1.se with l3JrT·. 'T.N :1nd \?·~RIC !~ 1o->t\i t3 th3ir int.3rf .;r enc'3 \"!ith J ~P-\'N in the "H1N.\ Inc- id.ent . Tha oniy T)oint uoon ·1h1.ch n" t ion~ l op in ion w1 s ~gr.3Jd .,.,,s thot of r ;)lnttonf: · i th SOVIET Rl"S3r~ . In r eg:ird to JllTS~Il\ 7 '1 ~r :~ '1 t m.1ny p..;opl -:'! oo~nly S"ld th'.:lt she w1s J '~P\N

1

s e n.3my. ~lccordingly , th.J li1J11.t to whtch Jr.p:masa C~binzt decis1.onf c-ould 'lgr -;,; W"IS ~ J\P,\N- GEf."'.,\NY-IT".LY military ':1 111.'lncc 1 imcd chicflv 1t the U. S . S . R.


L

Documont No . 1616

HoV1av1:?r 1

u pon going t o GEw·:.NY 1nd IT.\l.Y, I found tha tr vio\1~ ns r c g.nrds th1.r- rtim of th3 tronty \1er 3 slightly d;.ff ar ; nt. For ex1mole l ITALY h 1J no c l'1sh of 1nt:.; r e 3ts with l.U'1<J1•\, '1 nd 1 moroovor, s nee f'li'J,,.\ :y• s "o: irv w-:· to co mpr omtsc with BRT.T,\ TN nnd IR,PrCB 1.n t. h•: \IJst ·md to t u rn .'.' \.c-l\,:.ivoly to th~ a1st ::\ t ~ tlmo when the J\P\'1 -G~~1 ·,\: ·y \nt1. -C om1nt 1rn P'l ct h·1d b 1P-n conch

1

ded , G~P1 1:.NY ' s e "\ s t · ·n ""'"'l i cy w'.s gr ' dU'llly mnkin3 h:nn··;oy. GER' ".\NY m'ld•J r\nschlus s ;1it . i\USTl' I\, d1smomber 3d C7.~CP..0!3'LO\TA.LI \ n .."?xt, ond th t wh~n try h !g to ~:;;ttl3 the Polish que stion, h •r p'1ti1 W'lS '\ t thi s .>oi nt ob r; truc-t d 0 '' B: rr,.TN "lnd FJn~cz . e. h'lll '/13 C'111 1.t d .. st1.ny or tr1d; t t on"'ll trc ble th•t n o t t•ntil "l ft .:ir w~st ~rn nrob1 Pms a r e solv;d , c "\n GEK'!d~' s C."> St ~1·n pol icy be s ettl-3d? G~R~, .• NY ' "le; ig- i n confront ~d ,.,1th t h is f '• ·: . Th"'r .Jf or -; , GBR

1

{.~NY m'ly :? l thor cotr·b in.:? 1 :i th J'.P,\N t o t t"lclt t he SOVI~T lTNIO] or 3lso h1r 01st3rn policy cf ~:" · n-1t t r.g th~ <lov1. : t ob s t '1cl ; .. ,t.11 suffer ;' sJrious s2t-~>~ ck . \ccording1y, tho d l.'.! .. idor :\t\1m of 'l G..: rmnIt·1U ·., n CO'l ltt;_on ·11.th J \ PA.N i.s not to ri ttick the U.S . S .R. but to tlS1 us in d .:n lfng ·.11.t.h BRIT ',IN ""d Ff·H 'CE \·;h') r e or.Js cnt th~ old Europcin povicr s . It 1s in thts r ·g·1 r d tll" t thcy. d ':l s ir :; t he cooper1t1.on of ,T \P\ N. Since , on .. na h" nd , J'\Pt, .. ~ dl?sir o s to com9rornise with BRI'1'11 .. n; ind FR~~NCE t o pr .Jv cnt Sovi 1t ~ ggr }Ssion in the Ori.ant, th1;r ;; •11ns cons i d ·! r :1 ble 61.ff : r c nc (') in f eeling be t Hecn them. Of C'Oursc , in .}v ont of t h"' out b:-;:lk of W"\ r b utvtocn J~P\N ~nd RUSST.i\, both GEr.:·~A.NY ~nd 1r r~1Y p]. ~ n t c n ia J\P1\N, but thi. ::; Vl"lS not th~ lr chief '.l itn. This fund ·.\ m'1nt~ l d 1.ff'3 r ::mc 3 , I thlnk, i!.l the r ea son the J~P~N- ~Ef,7 .. 't.N'.~ -TT!\LY -- 11i·inc :; C'OUld not th13 n b'? conclude<

It C'lnnot b o d:m i 3d th1t in ';he cai::u~ qu~ stion J \ P.\N ~~ndu111y bac i m3 cla- rly oitted ng9ins t BHIT~I~ . The ~nti -British movements throu ghout th~ c ountry r cl:-i tivo t C' the TIEtT'l'SIN que stion clen rly demons trn t e this . P=1rticul·1 rly ., t 'th!\ t time it vr

1 s

J~Pt\N 1 s disposition to :li.m ex-:lnsiv :ly it th~ SOVIET t:NIOH, but should not J '•.P:\N ~. 1t.--r th~ t id in the c ourse of t he CH'IN:\ que s -ti.on? i:n vi ::•·;.of th~ indvit"b ill c.y of 'l c1".) sh hc t "roen J :\P\N '.lnd BRIT,\IN "nd th~ afor ..; r1 ·~mtior.3d '1 tti t u dc of GEff~{\.NY :.ind IT:\LY , I f e lt th"\t p:?rh- ps .T\ P.\N should .,lt-.:?:- bosic~J l y h.."? r fortll ; r 'lttitudc HO\'IOVOr , Jl\Ph: rt S 1' .;ling wis s ·cill dc t '.3 rfllir.~ :i to :i irn ~ t the U •. ~ .P. Sine ) it 1·1:1s th~ id3n of infl11 ,• 1t~'ll qu'l r't jr~ to compro-ro -Ls.: with BNGL."..ND if Doss1::- 1c :'lnd i n c- c rt"\in cisas +, o be friendly \Ti th ~; 1 ~RIC\ , I thon[;t1t tL lt it would b3 oxtr ;-:nely diff1.cult to put my iden s into pr~ctic~ .

In short, Gcrrr :ny, '.mli\<u J.'~?:1.N , h'lS Brit~ in i :1d Fr'lnC3 '\ S t h3 ir chi.:;f obj t'~ cts ins t . ,a of u.s .s.1.. "!: <'Oulo h'\v : 'l ss ,:,rt'3d t hn t 'llthongh Germ~m~' would fi~ht the ll.S . S.R. if ~bsolut.:: ly nece s snry , s he took tha old powe rs of democra cy ·- s tho gr~ 'l t e st hindrnncJ . But sinc•1 th0 circu111~ t~mcc s "Ii thin t~ countr~1

wer e ns I h::lVC m.3ntionr;d bofor o , I subn tttcd to tnc Gov.::rr.ment my opinion

•

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Docum~nt No . 1616 P" ~N 20 .

th1 t Gvrm1ny would inJvlt lJly ·1 lly \/1th th3 u.s .s .R. , only if J l\P.\N hasit1 t ;d to contr1ct tt is 111 1. me · . Hov1Cv ... r , 1 n·s tton-wide '.lnti-Bri ti sh mOV'.) ll'cnt broko out with· r J SP Jct to the TH;IITS IN pr oblem . \n<l 1s "': s" ;/ that this ,.,"s sun •)Ot't.1d by tho whol3 J .\P!\NESE n1 ti on, 1 thonght th,., t it w1 !'i no time to hc s i t o t e !lnd in o:trly July I nctifJ.0CI the Gov-.;rr.msnt twice in d , t 1ils 1s follows:

"G .? rm-in'.' 'nc.1 It'l ly 1r .J net cont '2mn11 ttne a ,,...,r ;g., inst tho USSR. If the Gov i·nni nt is r;oing to con<'lude a T!'-3r: ty on the 1ssumpti.on th:! t w1r will b..) 11 ~""d '1f;1inc;t l13Sr. 1 th~ i de1 h~a be tt ;r he given un . ! b'11 ~vo thu int3nt1on of Gcrm; ny tlnd Tt'11Y is to c · :w r.i;s s i."' to th .?11' ~td'1 1fter conC'luding 'ln .1.1i 1n<' . ~mone J 1\n\t1 , GF.r: \NY ""nd IT.\ LY. In order to 2st·,blish ~ n-;w or'i r 1n ChINtL tod.1y , wo must drive out from CHt r:\ tho old ord.)l' \':hich is l' "" Pr".? s ~nt 2d by Brit:i in. Ther efor e , I b e l t~v.J th'1 t J ''l);n shonld cor.~ludc '\ trun ty 1 s s oon 1s nosr.ib l c w'th G:?1·1J1-:m.r 1nd It1ly in opposition to Brit"'lin <> ml 1''r:tnc.J. ind 1"1rth •rl'l1vre l. for h-3 .,.. to confront the lJ~SR .. ,1. th t 1.J C ')? ?->i.ncd po .rz c!' Jl\PAH , G~rm'.lny "lna It'l ly; w1.th t ho 111 of h\\ssi 1 \rrnt1 th . ir h1nds off of the Ens t; to h'.lVC USSI\ ston t~1:) ~id to CIII'.~~G K'.'l i- '3:1"k , 1nd to h"'va USSR withdr:l\i ·~ho "o.:cc s l 'rom t h J Ml~NCIHlliI \.; •. sovic t bor der, ~md groduoll~· ef1 , ~t the solution of thu p ?'1din~ nr oble ms fnvor3bly~ I b ol l.ewe t h1Jt this po"'.Jcy 't. c; bns t snit(;d to the ocr:sion for J\P r.

I\ t this mom.Jnt 1.f we do not cone 1 nd i:. on nl 11."'lncc with Gvrm'ln: rmd It3l y ' GF::r'IJ'_9ny Vlil 1 pr·obnhly 1 gtl.J Vii th u;sR. Ttor ..J OVCT: 1. t i s dr'=lwing "1C"lr . It _. s not tho tim3 fer hu!.> 'i. t.,. ti on. If J~PflN tried to solv ~ the problC'm b ... tw ;;n ha r 'lnd USSR : fte r tha all t " nee h 0t 1.'.'.3'm G.J:rri1P ny '"\lid l1'1'3R hlt f> b3_:)n concludud , wouldn't things b ecome un f 1vor '!bl'1 ror J \ P.i.tJ r>S th0 s itul'.\ tior wil 1 h'lVu ch'lnrad by thJ n.? 11

But th.) Gov arnmant ol com s -; \'1:'.IS un'•blo to from th.J bcginnin1 giv..: thought to my opinion, b·~c·mse thJY hnd in vi.;w a -:r :::i ty for fighting wtth tTSSR, whe :- "" "~ ! w.,s tn f'1vor of n t r .J" tY f or m'.lking pc1cc wi th hJr -- an id~:l vor:.' cif"'.Jr a nt f r oii t he o~igin1l on) . Mor\3 over, it wos in tha midst of 111 th 1 t h 3.1 t c.d pnhl i~ opinion of the •1holc n'ltton •::;ainst GR~\T Bf.tT"IN on th..; O~(':"\S~on of the 'l'IENTSIN Inc i d ant thot tho fl.ng:o- J':l? •n o s() Conf.er~n~ :~ ~t Tokyo vrns held. ~nd , s tr"1n; ~ to s1y , GhE ' T nr.l'l 'd!T rr.'1do conccr.r.: ion t o J A.PAN. tn tho vicinity of ~IE~'l?SIN , tho ~.u,~lishl,\('n w~rc sub ::-1cted to gr eo1 insults in f ull vi.;,·r of tha world. The oJ.d Pr~mior Ct! !\iffiKRL.\IN n.lso ml'\ de n r~1m.'.l rk nt th.) P:trli~1mtmt to the 3f f0c t thn t his blood wns boiling with indi gn~tion4 The yc r·y nc.;xt; moil"snt GP.E1\'l' BRtT",IN mnd0 1 gro~t conc:" ssion. Wh!'.'.t i.s mor e , it c::1!Jle to th'J knowl3\.

1

.go of the GJrtl"~r. For.~ ign ~.-tnistJ ... · :-- 1 r -:i po:-t from 3 r Jli'-lblc sou:-ce thnt the J r:-tp'm:1se Govornmcnt promisud t o Gh.1?".T BRITl\.IN th1 t they

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L

Do<'umcnt No. 1616 ,. .. ' ..

would undr~ r no circumstnn cGs g:rndr'1 lize tho Trip"lrti t c Tr \J·n.y , on cond1tion th'1 t sh2 s hould m'lko n conce ssion to Jt.Pf\.N in CHIN! ••

#

rro.1 G'".I ·u!Y 1nd ITl\.LY wc r 0 of th::> ooinion th'l t th0 l')Clicy .,dopt .Jd by J !\P·\11 en t he contina nt cince the Jhnchur1.~n Incid.Jnt hi o for lts obje<'t tcJc dcc;; truct1 on of th.3 old orde r in the E\ST 'ind th..? cst~b1 ~ r.tl'l3nt of ri new ord ' r in its pl"lce ; in oth.)r words, th 1 t 1 t W"IS J'..f ! s c-onti.n ,,nt'l l pol 1.cy to ovorthrow first in th.J Et~s T the st"tus ouo of t h: ·,t;orld ".l 'ltablis llcd by tho VSRS ,\ 1LLES Tro"lty -- the VEr-S :~ILL"'.:S ord- r which in t lu E1s t i s 3Xpre ss.Jd 'ls tho ·:IASHINGTO'~ Ord J J' ls \1!1·, t J \P\N "l~ try1.r1g to ovarthrow . They bc l i ove th'lt th , J'·mchur1.. .,n Inc1.d ; nt tha r enunci a tion of the N1 v '1 l Disr rw1m; nt P'lct , t11, e st:-ibl ishm nt of a new orde r in CHINA. now in qu "! s tion ·u :; f'll dir.1ct 1 to t !'l:i t obj ect. Thc r ofor e , noth1.ng s c.;rnc d to th~m to be more n'l tur~ 1 th"lt J"~P•\N, QlijR•'t.NY and IT:.LY should .1nt .:: r into "\n 'lll 1.nnco to ov erthrow the "ld ord l3 r of the world in concert. They little dr :? 'lmod of di.fficulty in th3 n.J gotint:f.on. They looked upon th~t trc"lty is .'.lll too n'"ltur"ll and n ~~tt Jr of c-otU' sc . Sut the nogoti1t~ons dr11ggod on, until ot l " st in June thoy c 1m:) into possession of 'l r ·Juort th:lt J fiPi\N wns going to m.'lke t -: r ms wi. th GRE/\.T BRITA T.N , he r :m ; my nntton, gro"ltly to the ir ~s tonishmJnt . B3sidJ s , th1 ~; s itunt1.on wa s brought about immcdi11tc ly afte r nation-wide anti-British move ment . I suppose thl'lt Jt\Pt.N ' s 'l ctions a nd h ; r n"ltion"l l f c:ilings must h'\va struck the m "IS strange nnd complex.

Such b ; ing tho c:-i s~ on :!.mpro s~ion grc111 with the Gc rm'lns th:'\ t tho~r could .:3 XpJct liltl'1 sup ')ort from J\P.\N, th"lt they could not axpcct J i\P1iN ' s he l p . in s o tting up :::ig'1 inst GRE!lT BRITA IN and FR1UlCE . On th.: oth..}r h'lnd, in conn~ction with the DANZIG problem, the Europe~n situa tion gr~w so ~cut~ th11 t the rcl~ tions bo tweon GEff~l\NY ~md Gn~:,T BRITt'\IN and FRf1.NCE w~r .a str1 incd to the breaking point. ~- t th~ t ttm1 GRE ·.T BRITi IN nnd FR~NCE tri ed to win USSR ov3r to th~ir sid3 h? s ending the ir r c pr osent-:i tivos to ;mscow to ne ~oti :-i t 3 for a tr J!"I ty of !ill i '\nee . It is no wond .3r thn t :it the sight of the s :) ri ;~otifl ti.ons IT.'.LY f o l t r estle ss. ITALY h:is a clos3 tr3~ ty ol' ollia nco v:ith GER!'~NY . If GERMANY could not join h~mds with J 1\?i\N, :md USSR should b .:? g1 in.1d ove r by GREfl.T BRITl\IN ':lnd FF.'1\JCE , he r en~mics , IT.'~LY would hove to str uggle be tween cn1mi~ s on both sid~s .

1t H:1S '1.'l tur'1 1 th11t -r:T!\LY should f eel :-i l :1 rmed , who sho r es th3 f"ltc wtth GEfi" ·A.rfi . I think it w·~s not u.nn,'\ n 1.r :il even if IT\LY h'1 d pro,osed to GSR! '~NY ~n tnt~rf ' r cnce in the alliance of GRE.\T BRI 'J'!\IN 'lnd FH.f.~NC~ '\nd USSR. If Gti:Rr-.'AiW is bou-:d by the promis\) r111de with J l\P/\N, thnt is , tho promis~ th'lt th2 two n::i tions mu.st not concltid G '1ny non- '1 ggros s 1on pact wit h the SOVIET UNION, "nd cla rtfy ho; r isol- t Gd position by m~rcly looking on the current

·' _J


Do<' ' 1m:mt No . 1616 0 '1-:JC 22 •

.,.urop"''1 n situ1 tion wtth folded nms , it would morin th·1t sh...: would !Str 1n

17) h Jr only '1 lly IT\LY from h...: r s c lf . Furthormor P. , slnco

GTi'f·.i\?N' obt"in ~d info•'m'1ticn th1t Jl\ Pt\N W'1S int ~nding to ::3h'lk.) h"nd ~ wt th Gr.-J-"~NY ' s :m"'Jlli '.):.:; , it i n only oroo.:.r th'1 t fhe should · '\t t ..,mot to m 1kr; n spo~d;t comnromis .J r:i t h llSSR . Horoove r, GERT~l\NY scorns to think th1t '1l thou11h J .'..Pl\N fr .;qu.)ntly ST)O'llts of th,; USSR , thot which ·:ns T'.)"llly obstru<'tinr th.3 ')'1 th of J l\P/\N in the B\ST vns not the U'1SR , but GRE!\T B!"IT.\[~l . WJ l'SSUm~ th· ·t GEH" l\ NY m-iy h'1Vl3 thought th ~ t '\.f G-:' P.' .'Ll1TY 3hould now conclude "1 non-'1 geres~ion tre1ty \'11th th.: USSR, then the r }:rnlt will bo th'1t DRITl\IN ' s positton in tho Bl\.~T

1·111.1 h J '""" 'c.m'3d \Jhich Jl\.Pl\N would ov ..:ntu"lly r e" lizc . Such

bo1.ng tho C:lsc , h3nc.: , th <J Rus!'lo- G1r rr"n Non-1\~gro ssion P'1c t wns conclvd •d '1 t th~ end of l\ugu~t . Th'\.s Non-\g~rcssion P"lct , however, •ns not m'1 dl) in "' d'1y . 1\ s ~':rly '1S l q38 , Fuc hr <;)r HITLER ::md others b )g"n to r ..:?fr" in frcm us!.n~ m" lictous l ".n~u1 •p in sp3'1king of the USSR -- n thing wi11 ch s truck M-:i 11s s tr:lngo . Th- r .Jforc th J inne r sid .1 of th3 USSR b0gnn to "\0'1TOGCh GBR!f;\ N. 'lnd ITALY, th'.l t i s to s'ly , th"t the T1S~n bc g"ln to hold out h ~ r h'lnd to the ~nti-Comintern :\x' s . To ·1'l r ds !\pr il this y ~ 1r , l'or o ign Hinistcr PIBBBNTf{OP positiv1ly d Jcl"l r cd to UE th~t if J\P~N would not enter into :llli'lnc.:i with GER!' . .tn

1 th 1y mus t combine with the USSR; "lnd t ho t,

if J f\.Pf,N would 'll 1~1 , t h'Jy could off .:i r 100% cooper 11tion , whil :3 , if not , th'lt c:h~ could off : r 50% cooper1tion . Of cour s 'J , this W"\S t o1ogr1phJd to the Gov3rnmont, but , in J~PAN , it W"\S sn i d th1 t we h"' VC b:)')n thr0 "lt~ncd by GEBJt\NY .

Such b e ing the c1s,3, th) RUSSO- GERi i1\N Tre1ty w1s concludod '1 1 11st . At th'1t time th:? G..:i rm11 n 1uthoritte s s ; id th:1 t they f elt d~cply r -1 ~r :: tt:-iblc :lnd th~t they should h·~vc hr\d J !\P:;.N ' s undcr s t onc in~ b~for ·:h1nd , but if th.:y h:1d snt d such thi ng to J l\Pt\N, it would sur .Jly '1pp0~r in 111 the pnper s of tho world ''lithin 48 hours . S im such c'lscs h"VO b •3 :m ax p'1!'1.3nc0d number of time s in the p". st , they w-:;r~ unnble to noti fy J l\Pl\N b3for c h"lnd . Th.Jy cntr0~ ted u5 not to think ill of thts 'lction . Th;.;y viol "l t 3d t he p".ct bec 'lUS.J they ~dh ~rcd to 10 ~1liti0s ~nd form~li~i cs . ? hey pl~~dcd us not to sny th'lt tt W"S , bran ch of f'1ith . Jn th:: pr 3ssing s itu~tion, it Vl '\ S

nu c~ ssity th1t ~omµ:llcd them, so do not think ill of th~m. They -i ssur1d us th~ t the ir f eelings tow::irds J ,\Pl\N todny h:w c not ch'lnge th.J l~n st . Th\3Y still hold oxpnct'\tlons of bringing 'lbout intim:ic: of th~ r ;? l'ltions bot wcen the two n'ltions . They h~vc often and r o pJ'1t Jdl~r svg~:st3d to J i\P'\N to cor '!)r omi s c with the USSR, 'lnd if J~Pi~ is tn th~t mood , thJy will off J r t hJtr s3rvicc s ~s mediator. In short , 'lS I 11~vc st~tcd in th,; b 3g'lnning this m.'ly be enough to confir m the supuosod ~.ntcntion th"l t GEFJ'1\NY has no thought of fighting th1J US ~R ~nd wh,:;n the ,Tf\.P~N-GERr•,\NY-IT!\.LY ~lliance is found, G'l<'RT'\NY h·1d in mind to :1 ttr:i c t the USS'R into this comp .

Soon qft :: r the nusso- G3r w.1n Tr.J:1ty Vl".\S concluded, IT!\ LY olso gr o"ltly w-:; l cotJ1od this tro'.l t y , s t~ ting th'1 t , by this no W'l r wi ll

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..... ocum.Jnt No . 1616 P'l~e 23.

br; 'lk out in EUROPE , 'lnd thn t hor c'lftJr Russo-J'1p'ln3sc r c l " tions ·n 1 tmprov:? 111d things will turn out very f'lvor"\blo to J:\P!\N. '1 '~ ,. ~+ ., ~, :..-L -: r . , :X c-ould not cone J ive 'lnything in i.mpross1.on .. 111 t. I'i \1./ .' •: ( 1s1':> •1rov :d of' the Russo-GJrm'ln r'lpprochocent or th/'\ t she holds .. nmity 'lg"inst tho USSR .

~t "\ny rite it c'ln be s~id th'lt, in spite of tho f'1ct th'lt t hJ F\lsc;o-G"rm"n Tr·;:1ty h'ld b 3on concludod , even tod::iy , GERl 'ANY ·. r.d IT'-..LV st1.11 ntt~ ch gra'l t import'lnc e to the concart with J~P.\N . 'J'od"\Y, t h..; r~l'1 tions bet ·Noan J !\Pt\N 'lnd GERi'A.NY 'lnd ITALY "lro "no1r cntly t he snm3 '\ S b.Jfor 3 tho conclusion of the Russo-G·~ rrr1:~n Non-~ggr3s sion P~ct . Tha onlv thin~ 1 ~ th.." t the f 9olings of the J"tnne se ')..,op l e Rr c som3v1h11 t V'l gua~ Th.3Y h'W3 'l f ooling th-: t they w-:r~ some11h"t b1Jtr'lycd by GERW\NY. One of its r o'.l sons is ~s I h'1 ve just st'1t Jd th·1 t, on the one h'1nd, l'lck of '\ccur3tc knowlodgo on tho p'lrt of tt1~ p;oplu in r .;g'lrd to the distributton of tho Trip,rtit3 Tr :,ty, 3nd , on the othor h'lnd, of the v1rious force s both int.;rn"l :'\nd 3xtcrn'll, th1 t h'\Vu brought the tr~'ltY to a f "\ ilura , vm muc;·. 'l drnit th·i t thos.; v·1r1ous forc os disf'1voring the ,. '11 li 'lnco -:?xe r c- 'i.lf "'; the sun rfluous pow..: r wh1..ch succc3dcd in bren)t .. ing off the .T i?\rt-G3I\t't.i~-~'J'f\LY 3111.'l nce , 1urthnr m'lncuv3r .::d to nxci t z '.lY'ltip" t hy tovmrd s G~I?lT1\NY . W.3 should not forget th.'l t d1s-n'1tche s from for~ign countrios tod'lY ~ r-: chie fly f r om such source s , ·1Y'ld th" t they 'lrc d.Jspor:1t )ly trying to i mpel J'lP'1 nc so publ tc op1.n1.on mor .J tow~rds th·' t dir ection.

Th0:-e "lr..J somo p3oplc who st:i t o th'lt if th3 J 1\P!\N-GE'\!•1\NY-1Tt\.LY ~lli"nc 1 h'1d been formed , vtould not JA.PA.~ hovu b 3cn i nvolved in th vt'lr in ElmOPE? It is lucky thr. t tha 'l l li::inc3 md not been forwod, for th 3 b'\r3 thought m'lkos them shudde r . Howcvor, I think t h" t this i s fund'lm~mtnl ly '1 misconc 0 '>tion . If the J~PA.N-G'..Jnl,\NYIT1L~ tL111: mcc h.~d t'lkcn c;h~p:? , th~ current w:"l r might hot h'lVC broken out . GRE~T BRIT~IN 'lnd FR~NCE would 11\"\k~ 'l grodu'll di9lom'1tic r3tre~t :md thus en'\blc J {\Pl\N in CHitJt~ ::ind GEK",\ ~ty · "\nd IT ~ LY 1.n ~:1ROPE , to solve the ir p- nding que stions in '\ ')~ 'lcof\.'l m" r.Y'l 3r . GER?:.:\:ri ::ind ITL\L~ h'lVC s '1 id from the be ginning th'l t th') r -.." l "' irr of this trJ 'ltY vt'ls for poncJ, ~nd . thnt s1nce J t,Pl\N, G'l!:ff,!ANY ond rr:\LY nr e ori.g~.n~l 1.y dostin0d to sh'lr C the S'1mC f:1tc , they would b 3 boot cn, if divided , but could nav.Jr bo bo::tt~n if tne w~re unit ;)~ . Th.JY rurth ~r sn 1.d th"' t since the "11 i '\nee w". s of n soir itu"'l n'1 tu.r ,, , " Y'ld th'"lt 'llthough it shouldn ' t b J s~id which n'"\ tion wil~ b;n~1· it :aostly by tt , it ts neco9s'lr Y to displ~Y to th.;) m1bl ic th ·} r :?n l .J ffact of the !\lli:lnce , '\no so they would bcgi by "\ ssisting J".?A.N now ri c-t1 1 ~ lly fighting in CHUfl\ so '\S to bri ng tho CHINA. i:ncid·1nt to ::i sp~cdy conclusion. Thoy s'lid th1t with · this shnl l th; v d 0monstr;) t J the true v·1luJ t1 nd power of t h ) !\11 ·Vmcc to the g:m;;r'"ll publ i c.

'

_J


L

-D"c • No . 1616

I believe. , therefore , that had tho JJJAN-GDJ J..NY-ITJ.J..Y Llliance be.on rc.~lized by about Lpril thi& year , tho results r.ould hr;.." e beien ·•ory favo1lra'k-le t,., JJJ>AN . Of course , such as the NO! "ONHJ~N ~ .cidou .. w uld net },avo token pleoe , nor could have GREl.T BRIT.I.DJ asswned a bold f'rr nt conoorning the DJ.N'lIG problem.

Even if GIJUN.NY should atteJT1Pt a &peedy solution of h£.r problems in El'R1FE, and should she go to war against GRFJ.T BRITJ.IN a~d m.m':F. , it would h!..ve beon possible t or JJ.PAN to obta.in G~J~\\ 'b consent t~ ht:r neutrality, in case her imnediat6 entry

\.. !.nto the current \var r.as in~or.venic.nt . It had been urrangcd that in the c.v ... nt a Triple .Li.lliance is formod, the :rhre ian P"inisters of the tm:c.e po;iers ·.Duld silr.ultanl')()uoly m£..6t together to discuss the d i ,lomatic politics of tho three powers . ~robably , on that occasion, they r.ould have dis cusoed the U~F. , CHIP/., DJ N'ZIG end FOIJ ND problems , and JJ~t> •• N could have had a great vo foe in connect i on \d th the G£.rmc n ond rtolicn :i!.plomet !.c pol itica. ~ hould t hc.y undcrtcke to -::-er llga inst GhIJ.T 3RIT ... ~ e=i~ Fru.l!G} , JJ'''AN ~ould have declared that they could not offer c.ffic if'nt support :30("ln after the CHJ~. Incident , end thct t hey can go ahead r>i~h it if thoy are confident of it. 'l'h£.r c. a r e examples of JTi.lY meinta i.1ing nc..\.\trality et prc:.sc.nt in apite of her r ilitery nlliat:~6 v.ith G!.Fa l.N'/ . I bc l!.evc that it cannot always be s ai<! that if the J /.Pi.N-GffiI"J.llY-TTJJ.Y J.ll ienco hbd been formed , J. j • .N LiUSt hcrvc:. entc.rcd into tho mu· , ~:hP,thor she had been r:illine or not .

I'orE. tha.a that , it should be. more probable that , as :previou Jly s l.ntc.d , if the Triple J.llience had been f or mc..d , the wr.ir bctHcen G_ .... \ i N'l and Gfil...T BRITJ.IN and FIUJIJCE \;ould not have broken out tt t that t!.Ir.e. GlltW.N"I and ITiJ..Y .. still have much to prc:.par £. for from djpl,.,matic , economic , finnncial , w..d .military poiLts of vie\'i • . Ir. the. ffrot place , since it was necesdary for JJ.Pi.:N to hove some rest e 1·";er ~c.ttling tht GHil~. Incident , the uar would have be.en postponed as much as pos s ibl e . The various poY..c:.rs nould hen. decided upon r;ar after ~0~pletc military armaments had been provided cfter diplorratio r eletiona :1nvc.. h .. e:n be ttered. I am in;)lined to aay thet it is en unfound£.d "IJinion t > s t ate thct if triple J.llianoe had b£.en formc.d , , vie would have. bc..<.n c-mpclled to fight GJ!Ei.T BRIT/. n1 and .liR/.NCE an:idst all th.: difficulties now confronting us.

In r£Jgcr .. 1 t o the conclusion of the Rus so-Gf.rman Non-J.ggres'-.. · sion Fact , th~ro are not rtUCh for the German authorities t o be blomed . J.s I have already m£nt i oncd • 1 t h~d be en r ather for JJ.t>HT to retrospect~ '.i'hen , ther efore. , as the res.ult of the conc1.usio~ of the Russo-Gc:.r mn J.lliancc , I think we must also give considcretion as t o tile influ<.nc£. received of this E1llianct. . Of course , the gc:.neral publ ic opinE.d that if GUWi NY eombin<.d dth the UEER , the latter nill likely concentrotc ell of h£.r or mcd f orces in the. Fi.R L.ST anO. ,·.-h ich Ji.Pi.:N JTDJ.St c.xtr cmcly suf:fc.r. '"c:. , also , feared this . ifonev<.r , in a ctuality , it r:ea on the contr ery , for v:u

_J


Docum~nt No . 1616

b J licv J th~t U8~R 1 s f~J lings tow~ rds JhP~N h'\va turn: d f'lvor1bl~ Th.J Ci.. "lS '.:l - l'ir J '.gr-);ri : nt flt no·~o~lll\N W."\S r o.,dily C'Onclud ; d '1 S if thoy hid baan '1W'1ittne t ho propos"ll . In ro g~rd t o our nogoti"lti conc )rnina the Bord )r Doli~itinP, Committc..J Conmcrcio l T~o 'l ty1 "lnd oth-3r nroblems , they "l r a \11.l linely to 1dng this up vii th J l\P.'\N nor '10V\Jr , tn my opinion, she is thin kin~ of cone lt1d ing '1 non-") g~r.:; s s t on p'lct with J!lP~N . This, in my opinion , is th~ t tl~2y h1vo hi thc r to been shut out from EU~OPE . But no·,., ~ Non- ~ ~cro ssi ' P'lct h1s b .:.."'n concluded Yi th Gl~l~l'!\~1 '1 nd I look "t thts Mont.ggr.Jssion P'\ct 'lS sotn3thing of 'l r J1'1t1onsh1p to nn ~ lli'lnce . 'ls '1 r osul t of th ts conc or t with G~n: 'flNY , tt b .Jc'lmc so th"l t the y c~n now r .) tUr'l to t:111 1UEST. They c~n noVI r :; turn to the B \LTIC . In oth3r w0rds , this is not tho tim J for thorn to ~lnre 'lntogonis· t1c1lly with the d1ring J'lP'lnc so in the F:\F. E\ ST . Thoy c "ln nor1 r 1turn to th') VIBST ~nd SOUTH of EUROP~ whr'r ~ thoJy, 'l l so 'l s 'l r 'lc <. h"d <-h ; rishcd to go for :n1ny yo'\ r s . 1' or '3ov ::r, thoy wi s h t o comnromise wt th J~.PAN .1nd b •J r .) l i~Y ... d of t!v~ ir '1nx1 . tt .J !=I in th J F'\R Ef\.C)T. Th"t ts thJir d -.;s ir~ . F::o1n tl•is point of view, it h~d bc coma so thflt or.o Gf thu P,r J"l t f 1ctors ·:1hich h1d obstructed J(~P.\N' s s 3ttl 3Ma nt of th~ Cl! CJA. ocobl" ms by r :mdering support t o CHH~NG K'li-sh) k could bo r rr.ov,}d imr.r di"l t \'." l y de p..;nding on J f\.PA;i • ~ det .JrfT'lin"! tion.

N.)xtly, ".S " r c i::-.ilt of th-.:i R"J.sso-Gcrr~n P1ct, GEWt"~NY ~tt~nptnc. 1 sp~-~ay solution of the POLf\.rID p1·obi. ::m '.7hich cr.u.Jod the outbr3'.1 k of th~ Eu:rop:; i::in Vh r, but, I thi11:~ t h1 t we c'\nnot S3l it, unconditionally, th"lt this w"\r \'Ir>& "\ prov:!.dcnti1 l help , or 1101.v"lno Wind" for Jt\P~.N . If JA.Pl\N ~cgn:'.z 11 s nc<'Ur~ t~ly the now "lnd old forcJs in El"RCPE thi nking of i t in t ..;rms, r olating it t o he r fund1tT' -;nt'll pol icy o: ost'lblishing I=\ Now Ord3r in CH Ht\ , ::ind thus s h'1T>O her po lie ics, I think th·-.; very vmr tn EUT<OPE s c::m frOi J \ PAN ' s st~nd?oint i s 3 p~ovidcnti1l halp . SJoing from this poir of view, I think thn r e sult of th0 Husso-Gor m1n Tr~nty w--.s f".vor ·· "blc to us . !md , ~ l t~ ough indiroctly the r e i s no denying th'l t t i Ru:Jso-G.:?rri·in r a pprochc:nGnt ~.m!)t'ovc:i d gr 1J'1 tly, J 1\P!\N : s posi t i.on in h3r r 311tions with GRE.·s BRIT.'~IN , or with AMERIC\ .

HithJrto, not onl)' h1V.:? th\~ U:JT't:'ED ST 'lTES a l W"YS be en "lnt"goni s tic tO\·i'l r cls J!\.P".N on th::l CHINA pr0blum, but 'llso wont s c f1r 1s to t"!kJ positiv·J r.l3:isui·e s , such 1s the nbro~'1tion of the Com111crci'1l T:ro'lty hc tw.)cn t ho USL\ ·u1d J \ PAti. The r a 'lson, if "skod 1 is thn t th..:y s'.>.s,-::ict :;d sc-m~thin13 c:xists bGhi.nd t~c t\ntiCoMint ; rn !\xis, ':lnd tr .... :~i: J 1\?i'.N Vv'lS not tsol'ltcd . Negot:rntions for tho Tripl J r.llinnco W:lS no'.; succe ssful "l nd th.) subs Jqucnt Russo-G.Jrl'l1" n r '.1 pproc hcment cor.1pl 1t oly i sol '1 t 0d Jl\Pf\~T . Jl\P\N, f i~htin3 CHINA is be i ng a lr~ndy oxh~ust ;d . J~PAN, fighting in


Dncv~nt .. To . 1616

CJ:i:w·., h"s nn r ) l"t"'ons 1vh"tso.J v r 'l"lth G~F:~'tLTI "1nd IT!iLY . Sh.J h 1.sol"t-..: d, ""nd th~ F.usso-J".'Y'nosc r J l ; t1.o'1s wor , str'1 inJ d to thv hr "'""ktng ooint . Th.J lTJ'IT~D ST,\"rES S"'" th ' t 1 oush noH would comp J:~P\N to withdr-iw h.) r h.1nds fron C/1I)l1l . But 7 " S 1 cons.Jquuncu of th: nusso··GJ r n "ln Tr.J;ty, the USSR b Jg1n to ''It thdr~1:1 h.;r h" nds fro1 th.J F\R 'li:\ST , '1 nd mting to thl.3 Eurooo'1n '/· ... r, GRE\T BTIT".I~' ~lso W'lS forc ud to withdr"lw bur h"nd<>, too, "lnd th·n; tho r:s ~ "lor1.J ll"d to d J:1l wtth J\P\N. V/h"lt ts r11orG, it 1.s l'lrob "blc th"t the 'VSS.R "'" y 1<-tU" l ly l~; "'U.) 1?i th J~P.P~ . Thi r, 11''-1 'l '13 th1 t th:) p~,1 ITBD ST\ ..,:6C h"ld to should.; r .... 31' ~~ t burC.u:1 . Th"' Ui·TI ' ,ED ~'£\TES :"'"Y h;v.J thoug!: th~t c; ho <-oulj should.J r such 'l l'urdon in view of J~.?:.:T' s ... xh"'ust 1<1 c; tit ·~ , hu-:; tnc Husso-Gorm"lu Tr...: "lty "Jhich she cour.tud wovld b 3 1':""1in:.;t J ·lPt.tP s tnt~r.J st , d .:;v :.loo0d in J.\?'.~!: s f "l v·or. 1:oroov::? r 1 thJ ; t tl tuc c ;·1h:1 ch the UNI'!' ED S'l'~'l'.E3 h"'c hi th.Jr to t'lkcn "H~'\ tn~t tll~ G)l'l'il'1n-l t .... 11 ;no W'lS s iMil i r to tho so of GRB ,'.T BF'I~.\IN ~nd Ff ~\ ~CE. Tr~ qu.Js tion of the UNITED sTr.n~c; .Jntry 1 nto tho Bur o')C::!n VI" r M"'Y b .; dou'btful, but th(: r ..:l 1.s '\J.1~ :. "ldy suff1.ci~nt proo of 1.ts d "' ngc r~ Con~itt ::i .. · ing 1.ho wc:rst , th0 US .\ "."~Y b e fo;:-cJd to fight '1g'l1nst ~uch po1•: Jrfnl ~l!rcpJ'ln pv\'l .Jl'S '\3 G~1f 'U'Y ~nd IT\LY. 'T·he UNIT1.m '3T\'..i:ES, Wh.ich POS S.J!:S S1l•. h f o:irs, C'll1..'10t V!?nturJ to bring pre ssur e uµon J.\P:.N. I·~ is .J;.:trJ!".'1..:: ly d;ngurol's. I think tho UNITED ST.\T&3 todny ts r rnc nti!lg hJ r :lets of notific""tion on thu '\bl' OS" ti on of th.J J "l ''Y~ nJ!:>'! Comr:~ rc.1 'll TrJ~ty, It is the '\OP~"r~noe.c of C'nc ,..,t~o is .... t ~ loss in di::-r>osi"lg of th~ fist he h1s r'\is ,:,d. 1'his I 't:M.nk i s the off' .Jct <'f th0 P.u3c;o-Gc rri~".'l Trc~ ty Thon if th': t is th0 c :rn .~ , I think 1 t wou.ld be inc0ho:r.Jnt for J \?AN t o compl~in of th.} Rus so-.Gc r m": n TrJ"1ty. Should tho J~p··ncso pe ople h'lv.; som3thing of "1 V'.'l ~u .J f~ .J ling t0w;r-ds G'Gff•i1\NY b Jc:'1usc of th"'lt Tro '1tY; should ".:h ,1y not c1st 'l!:>idc such'"! f J3ling? Nay , I think th'\t th.:y sho11lJ ·00 th~nkful to GFR' ·:.NY. Th0rc is not ~ singl e cause f or ra son~nont. Th~~ is nh~t I wish to s~y .

Ho·•1ovc r Glijfll '~1 11Y is no\'I .... t r·i r . Th.:;r .; ~re SOT"'~ 1·1ho s~y th; t tf GEH" -~NY r11i1 b.:: dvf0~tcd s oon ""S p:rop""g1ndiz3d by B?.IT~IN 1 tho U"'IT~D ST ·\TES "'nd rr. ·.~:cs , i r. would be d"'lng 1r ous to b e on intln" t o t or fi"s 'T! th m:r:· ·.uff. .' .. 1 thou:h it is "ln unolo "s~:it W"1Y of s~ying things, I do not n.)c~ss"rily obj : ct to this~ If GSR~ ·.\;n wcro to b o d ~fJ"' t ~d, it wculd not b .J 1.n ou1 int~ro st to l'> '.l fri~nds with h.'.3 r . Ho•·1~vor , I "\I!'l zm·c G~F.--.'.&N '''ill not bo bo"lt0n . Ther .J "lrc so~o of those who r ~t:''}r'b .: r th::: l~st '.''·~r, •·1ho st"tc th"t if the r11 r b.: protr"l<'t .-:d, G~P.! -ANY will s\a-0 b.J dof c ":l t :1d eco:1of!'lic:tlly. But the y s : y it boc~uso tn3y do not consid e r fully th.J r o1 l pow ;,?r of or.Jscnt d~y GEF/ .AUY .


L

ror, . No . 1616 P:>.gc 'Zl

Some in Jn.pan S"Y th" t 1 t is only '3 1X y l nrs s ince HITL, .. ;, (fame: into po, ·c:r. They S"'.Y thi".t tht' economic po"ur n:id mili tnry prcp11r11tion~ " r 0 ;:; till f r.J• f' r olil being sl.4fficiont, but Gh 1 A.'IT today gr on tJ.y d 1ff <'r fron1 t·•ht1 t t110sc P"orle 1.1ndc out of G!::l' ·iANY . GJ..:Ri. ANY of tod ~\Y pcss~ss scv c..r nl ti~es i n po,·1or cotnp?~"cd •11th 1914. Jn economics '\ad mil! t"ry pr<.p"\l'atio.1s , she possoss...i s sovcrnl times of t ho se compnL"Cd to 1914. As n , .. hol C; , in the lnst Europcnn "h.r , !lot o.1ly Gr::R. ANY but BrlIT,~IN l.' 1d F1l.\i~CE nlso suffered blo•·s . B.lITAIW ' s po1·e r ··1r>. s for th<' most p:-rt ''enlth accumul.,t•.;d in tbc pl'..st, "'.,.: th" t hnd bce11 e r c"'.tJ.y diminished by the '"nr . The extent of the dnmPgc. rno.y be sGcn from the f ac t th·· t it is still mt. bei11~ comp< n.sl'\ tcd uatil tod:•y . Gl!;R! .• ANY ' s PO'"ur, ho, ·ev~i·, l:~ cs 11 h~r pt>opl~ . The d"ul~~<'S received 1"Cr.c chi\ fly h \ r hwnt\n liv::-s . This h"'.S b ..'en comple t ely rc-s\ orc>d during the l "' st t"·.:nty :0·lrs . In thPt '""l', 11ot :l bit of Ge:rmnn t 0rritory, not mentio 1i• 1g h.Jr to1·11s n11d citi1:1s , '"ere be ing rnvn.~ud. Only C\.!rtni·1 liwt t s · rcr•) i mposed; such "s the limit"'.tion of h ·r : ·m~d :fbrces to 100 , 000 men by th<:: V.~SAILLI:S Tre"'. ty, nnd the: poss ssion of subhl"'r111..-.s be.L. .g ob jectio 1ribl c , e tc, ' '!M .. l e th:- t of r ch"bili t:rtio".l stc"dj ly p:-o ';rcss0d from thP follo"1i ng dny of the.: T ·:'HCC. Al though '\t.1ou nt i n repPr'\tions n l most ranched astronom1c1l..a.. fi gur e s , I l'eIJleMbor th:-t , 'h"t G&tJ: A~ nctunlly pr.l id rips :i l i ttlc nioro th" 1 30C' million yon in money Pnd goods . i"1orcove::r, BRITAitl ~nd t i.c UNIT1.~J) STAT.~S, cspeciP.lly , loan0d s1·.:n ~r~ cr s1 1111 of monny to GI~Il AtN so rs to k c:1op Gl!E .. ANY from coll:ipsJ .• 1g . Tho UNT'f; ,D 3'C.c".T!!;S <'.lone loaned G:i'.R'.ANY 400 to 500 tlillton dollrH'S . In rosnl ts , it s1.:cJ11cd 'l.S if GJ!:Ri'"ANY rec e ived r opnratio ·1s ;\mounting to 400-500 million dollnrs ins tend of p~yi '1g . Ago.1.1, scmo s ny th."' t Gi.:il' A"iY hnd bo·;n reduced to 3 st::it'J of cL1ptinvss by tho ···cll-kno•·:n inflntio:i.

It is true- tho inflntion dB:\l t a honvy blO"' 0.1.1 the Gcrrna11 middle clnssds f'.!ld b1"ought ~' bvut ~ v ery b~d ,:ff cct 0.1 the general soc i nl life; but, it ' "H S not ~tll :'ldvcrsi ty, for nll the Germen j oint stock companies hnd the ir d •bts c ··111ccllod because of that 111.flut ion . ThRt is r:hy the Gcrmn.1 comp:m i cs ht'd up-to- dntc llll!Chincs inst~llec.. .... ftc r the wr.r . Co"lsnqtiently , post- rrrtr Garl'.lu1n i ndustr i a l pc··;e~ bccrimc: such th~ t BlU'.:'AI~ and F:1A ~!er: could not rival. Due to thnt industrinl por•-.:r , Gcrmnn rchab1lit c.t1on snw stri k i i1g pror,r css , f'nd the mt)rCh'\nt n·n.ri;-ic tha t "7

l' S coniplctely rri pod out by the ··mr, sudd c 1ly f cHnd 1 ts elf to possess 4-5 miJ lion to··1s , nlraos t Jfl.r.ic in to1magc n.s JAPAN . Aside from this , the f nr!ring vi, l nees .rC'!h~bili tatcd r cni:~rkcibly . '!hen HITLI'H took tho reigns of i;overnmoat , G']:C'ANY ho.d '"' lre"dY completely r ..:stored its nntio!1l'l por:cr . Only frcFI t he poi n t of f ormality Y!~S she bound by the V,~:{SP.ILL~S Tre:-i ty . As HJTLl!;d c ame for''!e.rd, ho s• :crcd one by one th.J yoke of this Trc" tY . Tllitli. the sovorrncG c.! ench bond , GF.J.1?'ANY ' s :.."e})lcnishcd po· .. e r le~pod UP'"nrds, o.:i.d eve 1tur·lly 0xtric:'\t1..1g itse lf of ~11 r cstr n i nts c.1a blod h f' r to display her fall po\'1crs . This is thC' Gt:m:ArN of toduy.


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Doc . No . 1616

\'le mu s t not fo r ict thnt Ge• lt n r 1...;tor '1 tio.-1 ' '"s 'lot the fruit of HITL JP s s ix yu~ rs ' r ul.. but tho ye··, r s .~11d mo11ths oxtc.1ding 20 yc-. r s f olJ.011i ne the ,·." r • Furthe r mor e. , it -;rps thought thr.t ux1mls10,1 of thC' J tNS fror.1 t h0 country uri s !l.scr1 bed to his nl'.tionf'.l _sm ·11ch d omrndeJ r l'Cil' l purity . 'Ve did d i s· '>prove such •'xtc mity in the C'Xpul~ion of ·1l i en r "CP, but, the u 'n 1·r " l opir1ion of !.:he r c.:: rmnns "ICr c thf'.t th< de;fo ;,t :i. '1 the l'lst Grcnt ':br • ·.r· ~ s duo to 1· .o J m"s . The J o•:s cii::>turb0d the home front . They s~~· th:-- t unl ess this pnr,.siti~ evil is r emoved comple tely from t he country , they ....::'.nnot fig:1t . In other "'Or ds, t'1c e;xpulsi o,1 of Jmrs rrwt b ~ s een :-- ~ ti10ir prc.p:'lrntio1 for • ·11 r . f-Jo" loo tng nt th1'3 tod:iy, "'C f i nd tho Germnn home front to be u.1.-. ... ntly str c.1ethu.1ed bcc ·msc of th(l_t, ".1d woreovor, the: G.:r11{'1!1 people. ht'Vc f'l ll h'lrbourc.d , should •·c sny , ret"lintor~· spirit agninst GR:r'A'f BRI'rAn. ~ 1d FRAtJCE , rmd ~lso n deep dissntisfnctio!l to'.\' '1.1.' :' s th<. Vt.T\3AILLJ.S Trcr-ty . She r:" s much ridiculed by no":ly··bor n petty nci;~hbor-st--tcs f'rid, F3ANC~J- l ending thc~e sm~ll n~ ti~ns cnc irc~cd ~nd oppressed GEID'ANY . 'Vith the ; dv1..::i.t of HI TLL1 , tl1is diss:'ltisfe..ction t .. l'.S totnlly r emov ed. The f ee lings of t he 1 ~ole popul~cc tor~rds HITL!:!R i s nr.mzing . ;.:van gr cnt scholM'S bl:lj C'VC him to be n Godsont SRVi our of t hC' Germ~a pcopl\ • A~~in, some people say thnt GER:AANY i s destitu t e of : esourcc s .,nd t h". t t h e livelihood of the people i s mise::.•::blo . Th~t :L~; mny be so , sine~ hu;;o ~rru~mcnts hl'\VC boon compl0t cd i n n shor t ::3pf'.co of time , ~ncl pr essur e O'l :l:' tional l i fe i s hoP.Vy l'nd cont r ol c;xhnustivc . However , live l ihood of tho pooplt· tod:\y gror tly diffor from •·1h .1 t is bci nz told by ou t siders . It h..,s been t; r on tly nrnc.. Jiorat ~d •rhon cor,1pa r 0d to t hose prior to t ho N~z i ncg imo . It Cf"n nov 0r b e s~id thnt they nr o dost i tutL. Intc_'!:1Fi.lly , " 11 nrc in good ord er . L"'vcn iri u nhol"rd of nnd ~amol( ss tor·a.:>. th c.. r <.. nr u f or es ts of chi 1ancys protr udi "lg wh i ch 1.imi t briskly colur.ms of black sr11okc . I n rnrc.l r n i h ·ny stPt i ons 1.'.'C find su:·pri::; t.1gly rn"ny loco~otivcs and f r e i ght CP.rs . TJnlc ~ one ~ctually s ec s it ~· :i. th his o•.r-.1 cyr:s , the Gcrmnn r c.nl po,..c..: is boyond comprohonsion.

The· intcr11~l stnto of ·~ffa ir s i::i Gl:.R;~ANY ~rl.. r. s stc.t l.!d. Hor f or e i gn rel ".~ions P.lso stnnd r omnrhP.bly f·!vour.ablu to h nr . For exrurplC' , the USSR is n°'· i:i n stt:t t u of "'lliri.nce: ·::1th Gr;.t. ANY . Dur i ng the 1:-.s t • , ... r G1'l1:'ANY :1llott ~d t\lo 111!llio:1 of her f orc e :i.g:\ins t RUSSIA for t ::.:-cc : . '1rs. I·l.oreuvc:r, ris idc frou fighting BIUTAI N nnd FRA NCE, ' 2he hnd to f i ght ITALY' SJ~lBIA, -. .. wm.~NIA t'.lld other s , But today , she i s 11b lc to co.1ce:nt r c tc h er c:iti r o str ength on ~ s i ngle f r ont in t he \Test . r~rrth0ruore , GBA! J\NY hn s her Si egfr i ed Li~c h er o ~nd it i s iMpc,otr~t~blc . I f she defends her s el f by thi s line , s~o c nn r cli0v <.. h 0r f o::irs ho,.•cv or long t ho ··mr mn.y prol ong . In this s ecti on, GJ.;;R; 'i/iNY i s not ungi ng nny '!~.r of !' ttri t i on. I f noc os snr y , she cna conti11UO f i gh ti!lg nt this r ".tc for n.ny l cnbth of t i me . Whl'.t slw h::d

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Do~ . No . 1616 ?"~;CJ 29

stockod from the outs .... t no" r c.:"chus St)Vvr~l times of thos e of the l ist '.IPr. No,.·, she cn11 r 1-.c oivo supplies frooly fron tho U3SH n"ld fro~.: the.: BALKANS 'h1d SC/, "DINAVIA. The. oxte:nt of ~ ttrition could be properly ~d~ustc.:d. This is quite f~vour:1blc for Gl..ll: A 'Y. Gr :lt ANY is t·'king utt1ost c r!utio"l in this tVnr, Sf'.yi!1g th"t th· .. time h:--s no1·1 f\rrivcd for lLc.r to fight decisively i 11 this current \:·1r for the: suprvirncy of T!.'tROPD ngr.inst Bi.UTAIN ":-id FRANCe . Gr'll: Aifi should hnvo fought n short torm '7£tr during tho lr.st , 'nr; thr t is, sb• should h"vc.• be ntun lt"'RANCE by l".n inpotuous ntt--.ck r.nd "i t h the •"it. lr~"·n s••ord, r.ttAck :tUSSIA. In the. l r.st •·mr, no · ·l"ll scp:-r'ltccl FnA1~CE fro:u GEff•ANY. GF.IU~ANY Yms forc c.-d to ··r~.g c "· "'".r of Pttri ticn soo"l ".ftcr the coliimcmccmc.nt of hostilitie s . Even tod->y if the· Siegfried Line did not exist, Gl·~~''ANY ···ill be f orced to fight fncing n vnst force: of British ·ud l<"'r .... nch troops . If 1 t bccnme thus, ITALY, her Ally, ~:ould not be a ble to look on :1th folded nt'L'S. A 1:-rgc -scF\lo rrp r \"OUld irnncd i ;tcly follm ·• But no·, thnt there is the Siegfried Line , G:~1: MJY is i n '10 hriste. Sh•: is slo1··ly mnking pr cp"r:-tions ns she fights . Consequr :1tly, she deus not P.Sk for ITALY' s r.ssist"ncc . This is · ·h~, I'i'/.LY is observing nout:-11lity .

To bcgi"l "ith the totnlit~rinn system of G.-l{:tANY :ind ITALY is, to the~, the r oprusentr\tiou of the n~tural pr obr css of history, nhjlc the.: syste1n of 11ber nl1st1c individue.lisr.t of the British ~i1d Fronch s!1ould perish . It •·ill p~.rish 0vc11 if it i s l eft untouched, I b e lici\' l.. thoy ... r e of tho vie,.. th.,.t mcfc confrontf'.tio:l by the po•:orful G0rtnnn--Itnlil\n ;.Jou Order ngninst the declining libcrP.listic order of Gflj,AT B.UTAIN and FRAilCE y•ill CFIUSC Bi.UTA I N nnd FRANGF. to lose fni th. It sccr.::s that Gb'Rl .AdY nill t l\k o strmd ,t.n the Siegfried Lino and bent to e:xh~ust tho ncl'ves of BRITAIN a:id FRA.lCE, Hhile on the oth0r hfl.nd, she will a im to def'.l a finishi ng blo,·: 0.1 thcr-1 ··;i th her t->. ir forc e s l'.nd submnri ncs . Of course , i n rr11ctice r~~ttcrs .. 111 not bo so s imple , but I hol i t h".t a. confr0nt~tion of t he old Pgni '1s t nc1·• forces tod~y r•ill give sufficiv1t chrtnccs to the :ie~·, porers to ··in this • '1'.r . Of courso , if the· lHSH ITALY nnd JAPAN side " i t h the British "nd Frcnc!1 , it · ill t~ cf grnve consequence to Gffii'ANY; but tode1y, such th:t "1t;s ,:ill not h<\ppcn. As to ITALY, the people s r-.y tlint she is "g:>i!l sitting on th,.; fence . She hnd to side •"ith GRW1T m:I'rAI1~ ia 1914 because of hor v~.rious · ·unknussos .

Ho"c'rnr, 11ith th•:! r esult of 7'USSOLINI ' s rise , things hnvo nssumcd f'. '11.;1·· nspcct . Todny ITALY posscssos enough po"~cr thP.t BRITAIN nnd F'ltAN'..;E c~nnot O:'\slly s· rf'.y her . The situ11tion htls changed so thnt ITALY of tod'\y is not · ·h., t she h:~d been in tho l ::st Wf.'.r, •.1he:-i she · :r>.s f'crc .Jd to run to the All i es by BRITAIN nnd FRAtTCE. ITALY Mndc f ull devclopPHmts in her poli ticnl po··:ers under 17 yenrs of Fr>. sc is t rule . For further dcvelopll'lents, thoro r enr..1.ns but t erri tori;•.l ux pr.;1sio•.1. As :·'USSOLINI puts 1 t,

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Do<' . No . 1616

ITALY riust oxpn.nd or l.Xplodc . Th<:sro is no first - clnss po"cr so dustitutc of resourc es ~s ITALY. Hor popul ... tion sho'"'S "'ycn rly incrtns~ of 4?G,OOO. She must ojthcr cxpqnd or explode .

The: surrou.1tl i ngs of t1u. ! cd t tcl'rnncnn Sen , ho' ·evur, " re mostly sph ,r es of influence: und1.r BHITAHI f'nd FnAt~CE . Consequently, ITALY 1 s C:XP"!'lsion 1··111 oust t he British nnd French influence tho ;«editerrr ,10an Sc.'1 . Thcru is no nltern~tivc but to "1.Chi ove this nir.i · t the S'•l! rj fic c of tho British 'l.:1d French . ITALY cn:-i n,,vc r think of ridi 1g ••1th B1UT/,I N --.nd FiL\NC:S unless given "l sufficient rc1·:: .r·d. '"lhe'1 th~ titie .... rri vcs, I expect ITALY to Pntc.r irito the '.V'\r in 'l.ccordancc "1th 111. .. r trcnty l•ith G .. ::FUANY. ITALY' s entry into the. 1•1f'r •·•ill be very f avour l'ble to G.:lli"ANY bcc"lt3C: Bl1ITAIN iraports 20 pe rcent of her r esources by the ?•edlterr~nc."ri r oute . This i l'portntion " ill be cor'pletoly stopped . li'1lAi'iCJ1~ , also , , •ill be cut off frot1 Af'~ICA . It ,..ill be n 11" ttcr of tir fl ve concern t o R \!TAJ!' n ·1d ~1/. ICE . If ITALY j oin hnnds , .. i t .i '..,he USSH P.nd p-- ... ·ticipnte ~ 1 the '•nr ,.,hilo GJ~fil:ANY is holdi 11J her t; r cund r".6"' 1.nst GREAT B'1 ITAHl and FRA"'lCE using tho Siogfr 1~d Linc ns l' shi eld , it ' ~11 be a m~tter of gr nvc co11ccr n to B~l!TAIN .

Most J~p~ncse r rc cf t ht simµ l o oplnj on th~t tb.c decidi ng f actor in ,.,,, r is the N.'\vy . !\Jot so i n EUROPe of tod~y . To BRITAIN, the loss of hor N:"•.vy ncP.ns the instnnt coll~pse of her entire ~PIRE. The N~vy, thur cfore , i s nn nbsolutc necessity to her. Consequently , her N:>vy is not much 0ffcctiv0 :\S E'. combl'.t 1'eP.p0:1 in <3V<.:<1t o f !\ '.~nr P.gni nst Gl'::~1:ANY fl.'.lU I TALY. GE>CANY CP. 1 exis t .. ithout n N"wy n:id therefore, she c~n d i spense \':i th it freely . . Hur N~vy i s lj.ghter th"'. n th ... t of GREAT BRITAIN. The treasured British Fl~et cnn, ot rove rctivcly 11 too fr 0c n m~nner i n the n~rrO\· Luropc~.n Thenter. It •·1culd be too risky for her. B~ITAIN d '\ r cs not ~xpo sc her t o such df'.1gc r bccnusc its loss ···ill ... ff ect the ve ry 1...xistoncc of the m~tion . For instnace, the British J~vy is ~ t n dis'ldV3:1t~gc in the llcdi terr::\ncnn Se'l . ITALY pos3<•ss r.ircr"'.ft c nrriers th'lt •ill ncvt:r s i nk . The sriP.11 isl('·1d.; rJ ot ti 1g t he, 8•) "1. :' r e those C"'rricr s . ; .. oroovc1~ , she 1-:·' s over l CO subn'"'riries ~t her d i sposnl . It i s n gre~t ncnncc t:o the Br itish 1·:,,vy in ~ pl " Ce so sr.ir.11 ns .:l lnke .

GREAT BRITA I i~ cnnnot bo too optin i stic of the curr e!lt 1VA.r . This i s i ndeed n d ·m gorous . 'i'hcn ; ~.:1 is it th" t she str.rted this •11nr ? It is bocnusc th~t BlIT1\l: of tod"Y 2lthough being n democr .'\ tic n~.tion is 1 ;1 r ca.11 r.y u!ld c.r Hn < i_:i_t~f'.rchy . Aoong the British stn t0 sMc~ of tod~y, t her e nr c ~nny of J c,dsh descent, , .. h ich i ncludes c~binct r.ierribors . Ant i pr.thy ng" i nst IIITLJAl ' '1ho r e j ected the J c''.'S is extrur .• ely i a'.,cnsc . Tho pr esent Pttitude of BRITAIN sc0ms rmch under <.:notio.1P~- in~luence . H"'.tred ng:>.inst HITLEH seems to be: the c'"'use of l1c. r bringlng "1"r r ccldessly


Doc . No . 1616

n{pinst G~:J.t~ 'ANY. I 11 -del i ti on , thcr o sc:oms to be n J'l'lisunderst'lnding on her P"rt on tho "c tuf'l Gcr m.,n s trength :.t:-td the r>ttitudv of &uSS IA. In tho prcs0nt s t --to , GRgAT B~ITAIN mny not rcsclvc to fight it out to tho l l' Dt ns some th1i1l· hem in JAPAN . Look inc.; l' t the British diplomn.cy s i nce the .ITHIO ~>:.i:/.U tlnr, , .. c do not Imo,.· "hen thc:y ch.,ngo . It goes •·:i thout s 1y:ng th'lt if she succeeds in i sol f1t ing Gem A'~Y , GH.!,\T B~ITAI~ n!ll ficrht it out to the l~st .

Th0 mcst !.r.iport·i 'lt i s the Rui:;so-Cc•r :nf\n rolr t!on3 'l"ld • e r·ust :- cV.n01·lc.:l~c t 111't G.::R: 1 Ai·;y-ussR l'OlP tlon is rJt~ch closer th" n expec t ed . Seeing th· t GJ1fi 'A1JY is desirous cf ; djusti!'lg ~{U!>soJ::lonnes~ rcl "ti.0~1s) G:"R 'l.f.!Y scer:s to feel r> t C"SC' :l'!:>out the. USSR. If JAPA~: :!nd tho :!SSH cor.pro;'li::; e '1nd t'1,. t there. is no fc " r r:hntsoevcr for the USSR to excr~ 1 t., full pO\"J r on th(; I:;Us:WPBAN Thc·.'1tor ' it could be S'lid th 'l t Gi ll" A ·,y pl 'lCes :\ gr e; t denl cf f,._1th i'1 the US3H . The GBt1~'AN 'lttompt to r elieve USSR i n tho FA~ f.:A3'l' mrty be -ic~cu.1t(jc1 f o1• by l10r dc:sir0 to h:-ve Russi'ln po•·cr d!ru~tt:d to· ·~ rdJ the :::CUT!i of Bu.tO?F. . eome S!'y th:i t RU!JSi~n !''1Q ITf.IIAt~ i nt0 ... · •f.tS ··!.11 Cl:lSh i n tho BAr..::A1rn, but if the lJSSTI 'ldvnnce to th•..: !11':f. l . A ST lnstc:d of to the BAL..\ ANS. I do nc.. t "Gh..e "i th +:.hos ..: "he clrin1 th~ t duo to ITALY 1 s nctj ve donu ncin t i on cf USCi.l, t!10 f ric:-.dsh1p be t• :con c ;::-r-A!N i"nd ITALY must h"VO C'IJOJ.cd . 'l're l'<.'l ... tions of G.E:1 :.~IT .:O .. ld ITALY ~re the r cl .... t i v"ls of lfi'l'f.1:-:'i ~.i 1d 11· r::;sOLiiH , 'lt1d t hr>t hcJ:'oes , ··rh <... ther t hey ~re i 11 the I;AS'~ or the 1.'l.~!:i':' , .,~. \°~ th() snP1c . They do net O'lslly bec ome fr1 e!1es or onenins . Thc!1 I think it '·culd not be so c:~sy for the l{~ITP3!I to c::avor U~S ,1 ru:d ITALY from GEW~NY.

1 e ''er e sent on 'l 1;:fssion to BUHOP~; r::1d .. c dirl "'h1 t PC •·er o nble t o f or m t he Tr i ple .'\.llicnco . S11ce :in ?. lli"'ncc is "n irr portP.nt 1 ffn~.r -:-.ff ect1.1g the f "'tl3 c f a St '1.te , ·.:eo did "11 our best to 1nv0stig.: t o -. ;,d ~tt.dy fully thc1 t' co.1di tions.. .'l.s a r esult , ··e f\rrivcd :t t!10 co1clusirJ!l ·" S ··e h:-vG explf'.1ned "bovi> on the nctunl strc:1gth " '1cl ~~tituda of th0 po• 1prs involvc-d. As JAPAN did not j oi n ti1e Alli ':!.nce ~.1d , C!1 the contr"l.ry, t he rlusso-Gcrn:i.n r npprocher1.11J11t h~s bee:l br o·.ight :lb0ut , thus le~d i~g t o the outbrenk of the: 'T."'.r, the E·1:co~e~11 si t untion Li:~y h "Ve nore or. lc.ss ch,..11.;cd si'1c e my re t 11r.n h c11e . I ,,111 not deci dedly cll'irrn th"t ':\ l l future dove:lopMcnts · ·111 becor.10 11. s · 1h :1 t I h"ve st"tcd. 1'/h->t I C".n Si'Y "~.th c oPfide:ncu tcd.'?.y js t h..,t •:h:t J APA.N is dolng i n the I:AS'l· '\lld \lhP.t Gl!.irL\NY 'lnd ITAI.Y r.re trying to do i:i F.UrtOPr. be{'.r r~ .5c! ,tl~'.ncc. O!l the poi nt th'l t bot h possess the gre~t historic cis3jon to es t~blish ~ !le~ order in t hP EAST l''hich is P. n "1 tic n:-. l c c..11v .icti i::>n i n c cnnoctio:L · •i th the CS INA I ncident, rtill help r-uch, in l'. l nr gf:r sua sc , ···h" t Gl ~l: ANY rmd ITALY ar c. t rying to do in J;:U.lO P!:: .

Co!lsaquontly, should JAPAr.f cc~1prot1i sc: •::i th t :1e old f orces becnu:Je of her co.1sidcr f'.t i c:1 f or roscur\!c:s r.~1d others , the spirf tunl blo· •s thf'.t ··:ill ~ffe~ t the .10· · rising PO"or of EU .... 10PE such ns GER ANY and IT.\LY , .. i:!..l be L1deed gr or.t . Furtherr:~ore , it r.111y t end to •··al\kcn th0ir dcter:uinn ti on. As "bovo expl::~L1ed , it is true th.~ t t he Russo - Gerr.rm Pnct ".:id the current hostilities


P" .~c 32

h"VC r elieved JAPhN ' s intor ur t10•1" l p1.,,si tton f or thu tir.c bc i 1g . Ho,·ovur, t o oj1tortr- i n the idc'\ thrt JAPAN should ne.1 the r s i de

1th Glll' Ah~ :ind ITALY nor bi nd 1tsolf •11th BHITAI1~ e nd the UNITCD ST,\T' s , but ut1i1zc t he pr ose lt e"sy pcsi tion c• nd 60 01 settli ng the CHINA I 1cidc"\t · ·1th the. so-c".llcd pri '1c1ple of I ndependence 0 .1d Self-1lelifl!'lCO "'ill bo op~ortu11c if thoy nctu~lly go on fight i ng for cv ur, but t her e.. i s no such •'f'.r t h-it hPS no end . Th(;.rc l s t'. l' ·nys pE::--cu \'1th vnr . J APAH , .. ill surely be "'sked t o port1cip ... tc i n t h'\ t Pn~co confer enc e . I n such n c'\sc , JAPhN

1s

princ i ple- of I !1dcpcndcnce 1•.-id Sclf-Rcl i n'1CO ; th.., t i s , s idh1g Y/ i th neither rill mul'n i solPti on nnd ~ .. it'1oti.t '\SS:\ s t .'\'1CC nt the co!1.f or c11ce meeting . Jt.PJ...N should be nost cnr ~ful thet the "hi tc pcoplt. should ~ct f e r n n unit0d front ~nd nttor•pt solutio~ of the ir pr ublcn.s 'tt tht:: sncrj f .icc of the EAST . Should they Gudoc:il: n··~kc :- nd find th~t it is futile to fight ... r.,·:mg thorrsclvos in hU10fL ; f'"ld r <>:- 1 izc , ·hici.lcvcr s ic! <! '"'' Y , •i n , r .:sources Pre short i n FUHOPl·:. Fortun" t c l y , there " r e nuch r0:;cur~cs i n the I.;h.ST, l' nd t ht' t the pccpl c ".r e: , ·c.f'lt . JAPAJ i s jus t but :'. fl <?dgling s t r-te . If 1 t bcccncs such t h --t tlH' Y ccnc to "grco upcn c:-- rrying out ... joint cxploit"'tj.c.n o f the T..!\S'r, \"her e B· lITt.I ~! h~s until nor' oride it her donnin rcj0ctj ng otl .c r c0untr1~·· s r>.nd h~rse:lf net fully utilizing 1 t, '1nd th· t b'1f or c JAPA~ · s po· ·er cc.uld be rtnint:->J .ncd , J APPN raur.t confront : n indeed difficult situ~tio!'1 . The rc~son ' "hY '.'O ".UV"'1cecl the fcrr iflg of nn "' lliance ~·ith the f l\r-nr{\y po• ·cr s of GLR!·A:w ='.nd 1'IALY is becnu s0 , .. e g;wc thought t o thi s question.

I believe th -- t this shculd bo the fund"\ru·.mt"l policy of JAPAN 1 s diplormcy . I!1 pr :.-- ctice , cur sonio1·s h"Ve nlso tr>.lren up such policy . The pe:cplc :-nd govcr ru:"mt 1:1ri.y h:"\ve been unconscious of this f nct, but f or cxn.r:iphrn , the Angl o-Jt'p .. rncse Alli :"lnce 11r>.s ~r c sul t of thri.t--in othC.l' \;ord s , the •:hitc ti•nn ' s world •:ms d ivid '3d into t v:o t:lnd ,..c h".ve bou~1<i ourselV':)S rith c,ne of t her1 . ]'he.r e is no r cr son "hY ··:(; should l e t then boc cl!'C one .

I ndependenc e "..•1d s clf-r eliP.ncc. is :l quE:st i cn th:- t should be c onsider ed ~ftcr JAPA.~ 1 s po,...:r hr.s been fully dc.veloped . To J APAU of t od"Y t nc ·1-iPplic"tio:is t o cit hur c f the?1 s eems, nt :'. ~lri.ncc , tuost s:-fc but , i :1 f:--ct, it i s 'l 1:iost d1.nger ous policy . Neve r h:i s JAPAN succecdod u11r.idc..d :-i.t rn inter n .. tio"l~l c onf e;r cnc c cf white peopl e . It ~·:t'.s only ,··he 1 she h ".d .... llics thnt her assertions •·!ent heeded . Tr.ltc tho pr esent CHINA prob:!..cn, JAPAN c r-.n ncvt,r settle it by f.cg r cg:- t. i 11g it '\S ?. CHI NA problo!'l in itself . JAPJ~~ cnn nevor :-..tt:-- i n n s~ti sf·,ctor·y soluti on, unl ess the ulte rior s i tun.t1c'1 devclcps i n J.~PAN 1 s fr.vour . Ualess the ulterior situnticn i s sottl·.:d , nc1th:L1g cculd r v"'.lly be decided no n~tt~r ,..h:-.t J AP/1."ii decided •11th CHINA. It " ill surely be upset . Ther e nr c t he bitter ordenl s , hich our s eniors h~d tine t o t i n e c.:xpcri cnced .

such ~!'lS t he C :'. S U :"'.t the.: tir.c.: c f thu SirP 'iT['.p~:1e Se '"lnr "."ld t he nusso- J np·111c s o ·· r~ r . It , "' S tho snmc duriag the l r st '"orld Vlnr "hnt hn.d been i n our custcdy 011ce 1 ·ill be t nl,.un b"c k. . The current CHINA !'1c1dc!1.t r:ill ...._1so :1CV€r :-.1101·1 us t o b e off ou r JU~. rd . '.Vo shnll f'6P.ia 11~vc to suffL.r i ... 1scry if · •e pursue t he policy , .. c h '1d been pursuing . If t·c don ' t, i t i s pl c".s n'1t , but I dcn

1t think

t hnt t h in is ever o. preA" turc " orry of r.:y o•··n .


L

Doc . ll) . 1616 "' ... .. ~;

IV

(DI,Jt.O~ 1) Ha~.zin<' , June 1940)

Tho Tr<'nd of tho Gr oat W,.r.

· ·,.. • r "" t ol · t • • .,t t':C' G"'rr.""n , ri:r/ •1t i ch ir.vr .ed :9,,Gltn~ f'nd ROLL'J:TD r, • •• ~liOt, t:.._,.. i.lliCIL .1r l!:iC•8 \•!1th irl'' nla t11>1<' fore<' p.nd hr . .J P.lrcn<!y C'r.i<'r rr"'· nt t:\" :::.GLIS:' c·:..:. ... -1. Rcflcctin"' on tl'.io. it e<' C' r.IA th.<>t tho Allied forcoe nu:-:~C'rint U'l')\•r:-J ~ of ono million o'\ t'tc: ~clrri "'n 'Front •"ill not 'br "'lo)l o to cac"p C M\r i ·.._1::-tll')!', " ?le". th" fir.nl 11ou"" i o nl•·c"' r~,- ccrtni n.

?.o•·IC V " r , w 1 t1 (: t '·.I' i}-.r ;":: r - y , w~:ich h •" ov,..r•·•l:olr'"~ Bi:LGIUM 1>.n~. ".lll\U:l('\~ co;:tnl "'If t:.r srr:t..I':'.> 1 t tor:-ll nn.Y..- """ rt t rek t>n t l:r :i}ri ti sh w..i nl ('.nli. wlt!'\out ~1;: 1r-r ·· r "'.'"•"T" ti"'!-? ~,..r r..,.-.::y ""'·J.ld p r o'bA1'ly think Ol"riounly .... oout t r.o t'.c'l.v ... rt111·I" 0f cr')nAi"'.-"' t~r r,oirz? St.C'riti; ,.,ithr.ut t\181)0eing of t :10 l 11 r t;C\ ~c-·1c!· •. r.~ . S!· .-. \'rt:."!. ' l)r'>ll"'1)l~· d'l h"'ttrr t r tur:"\ t o t~,.. S:>uth ·nd plP.n t i') c".lnqu,..r ·.i".:' .. :c:· !irot '>~.' : '.• i ::-.1-i~ f 1ro• a •rith !Ti.LY. Ju:'.ri "I..- frorl t~,.. r Mnlt" u-. t· t h.c -. .. r r:"r l"t ~"'-•' r.cC'lT"t; lir:1!1Nlt of t:~ie o'l)joct t:'.Uq t bP. r cl?l'r l' .. ~~ .. ., i~wrlvi:'.{? . .._o :?Tt"l'\t ~\iffiC\ lty. :S~· c '\nquC'ri!'!t: i n "· f'hl')rt wtilt> t '··" ono ·~r cru:..,triN\ i~'. nt":lO:->::: nt .... :tt:i.n- \ld. t l· ··oR~.:;;_y a.nci. t

11on iIOLLL}.'D, :': 1~:;.m~.

:-n ti. TI'-'~ e;: iu "t\!CCOSf' i •1·• . l"ir~ ·.t ··n t Gr.'11-i/.-.~y by l'\ff t ".bliGPi nr f\ C('r..ti~rr.+,"'l 'lo) l ()C i n co-r.:;·'rf'.ti<''\ with IT,·.: .. Y .lnliv<-r i n 0 1 .t>y fC'.ohi ')n r-. fa.tr.l 1'l ow h

3RI T ... l '.:'!'?

·:c .,.,~· ..... " T • :"'.r. t tiilit!'.r y apcci "' l1.atn crY'n-:- t r.~y dC\fi!\it<'l Y that Jr:.'GI..~'"D C" T l.lC' C'>l'.qU ~l'<'' -....":/ th.,.., r -W • -:;:C'•W•' Vr r, i t i n "\<: t C'.t r.11 l!iffiC\U t !':)l' t;·.c ~ ... ntly n\·.~~ri."lr Gc-r nrn :-.irforce to •'.C'livc r e '>vor .... " tt..,ckG 0:1 !..~GLAFD •·1".ich l ir o 1'):1 t !·- f"'.r f':J'r.~ of o. r..t-.rro•:r st1·i·1 o! w:-.tr--r. i.:or Mv:.r, oven the "llritifl~: -.vy crrr..•1t h i r.n itfH•lf bc-~ind 1c:u.r1.:!D , Al onf f r ..,n t~'lc i'.'.r...nr.:r r +, -. hC1r ~'lJY•lr'."'.··. , ":"<' :-ust t h C'r <'f 1r c fl'.Cr t he GC'r U"J\ r.irfljrcc no :-llttor wh- t t' .C' risk i :--.. t >ia cr itic"l r .o:::-r.t w~:ir. tt." C')untry f'll'V st"-'l<'. c.r f f' ll. I n euc~ ..!- rm , ju~~i•' · :Zr ,, ·,rRt cxncrir·nC<' , thr. :"ritish l' ... ,'V '".ul ·. ROO~ suff er loa~ ~, , r ::.·

1

• bo r m -:- r k..,,rly ,.,:'\·f.:·C''l"'r. : ;.:r ro"lv~r. "Tit". t'1<' :?rrtici!>rtion of I T.uLY in tho w...r, hor ... irf c•rcr o.;:<1. ou'h-1f' r inoo C" ?' 0

)C' '.18 ~ 1. t 1 j lin tho l'\.ttr..ck on :311GLAl:I>. Tlil"rOf oro, it crn "le sd~. t :w.t r;irG~'il-!D 1 G ch: :'OO" ')f C'.r f~l' t in tho rvwr.l battlo

'"' T C' ~.-i~ t.

::.c- t l'J\t "·" it ::t"·Y, t :1.-, h ':') O of thn Eri ti eh Mei. Fr or.ch to conquer G ... r~·.y "n<'. I'r~.L·; roo t ,. C' con:li d0roi'. o .. · .. tirC'ly Vt'.11:.. l>"' thC' question io will ::?.ITJ.1::: .. ,it' \ f'.n ny0 t . Auch f: ctl'f -::P. t i n"lrC:.iP.t oly p ro;ioe r. p0P.CC wit~. G:r-1:-:Ml~iY, "' i'.c'. will G"':'.UIJ~'Y r,n~. IT~uY rcoc;t this? ··re nt1l.te~ th0 followinr:: 1-)r·l ':' n'l') i:--.1 "'In i r. t r.c- M.rl y st.C\r.- r a ,.. f t~o ~.r 1 FlJ".'lffiEB ?.ITLr.R cl:"i moil. th"t '·u h""' ·:o i :·t ·)"tin!'. c-f rn i : to wnr t\t"~inot '.'>F.ITJ.I:T Pn <;. ~..A:1CE ; toot it W'.&


L

~ c . · • l nl G

., ' t ni-o. nnrril:· c orrc-ct, 1- CJT1i t r nf h i e ,.,r , ...,-,enln fr r po"C" 1 t 'l view t·v·.t n e OlI.U'.A. "'! ' s t rue n'-jC1et; t~At it ,.,.,1)0f'rB t o "'rv~ 1'oon hie p ol1oy t.'l tzy t o a~ift t'. :1 rrn"'nn.,1'hi11t~· fo r wrr t ·., t ''" :3rit1el\ ~ -,roroa1M

C'"' ; O!'\·. ihi\t ·.:.I:'_.l} ia R" t 1' l\ <.'rk f f'.l li:1r i n t :- hie trf'; • S ·no ·(' ·lr l'Ji(':':O.'C. "t t.::r ·r r l-r i n": r l\C'.i V\' Vi~\f of <\i .. l l)nl'.Oj . -nWC'VQr , ,.,.~ firnl,. ~t"li""(')C t'\".t Ri · c :- tho tw" hc-r o.-o 1 HITW~ ": c1 HUSSOLll"l , :')et r"-l1el·od t :\C' G1~:t..:-Y-Il' • .LY P.Jti f\ "I'-~- "'""T I' t!°'"' r f"-":'Uil,..ina C\f :-'tmOP~ . t :\"' ... .-ulc' 1">t """ o"tief i <'''. r..~rol·• with l' trivial r ocov or y c-f l ost t orritorioo

" r OX:""\lli ):". nf t : ,\lir t "'rritor iOO.

::I M.i-!'' e· i · to h i e "l"'"'V o"nn tir.o f'.r.() , 11: w·r M ·'rci1

,o t i"" CC'etir.y .. f t·~c- Ckr.~"r. l"'C<' fo r ..,_ t hous••.?\\'. ;10,..rA 11'\ t ':. f' \tUr" ?.lr\l' "o '\lll." ;. o-·,,koo: l\ :'>r i-.us~c:.1:-1 sr.i c'. --1 !'1'".

1 11 T'\· t i:'!lo tr tbei~.r t L c1.ontiI'.Y of L'UBOPT.

fo r tl".r <'~ ~\\U'"\".rCC }'C"r 8 1:\ th"' fUt\•rC' h.C\8 er "10 . 11 :~r,. "'\ t i·.i A 1 t is ('1\8" t Q i nr ·i r.o "6rt "'"' t:: c · ~-.t ... i <'n 1 T :.J::.:.. .... i :-·. · ITJ.:..Y 1 l"r o t h inki nr. nf.

A•" ,. r o11•\l t r,f t~· is w" r iP 1 t -.o t --ro~n'hlo tt." t ri. cruol, r :-.t hor -_::·inqtl;/

~N'.t liqui<'"tir·•. ~rult. t ... kr •1l " c:-? J.Jo" t ' .c <iuc11ti !' is : will mt1Ti·111

,..,r.c'. r:l! ~:Ct , whi ch h v.• "'"O:l ~p.A}.1 "'.r. i :· t!·.-· frv rs of t .... r world f or c<'untloRe c orturioo f.'&t , .,_ ~' ·r-~itt.·{. to "'Xi nt ".n "l'r~t ·~owors (Ir nQt? ... urth.'.l r nor o , C"-:·. t l·r. f or :-.c. r r-.'•nur :'. e i tu· t i 11'. \bc.rni n t :'" 'lM ll eou.1tri ."'R of :wRO?~ ~-('\le'. ('')aolutl' 81'.'VC"r d -:.t,y f'!lc'. Rtrn.:-. i i\ t:~CI wr~{ r f t!·_r. 1>i £: f"Wore continU• " r no t?

I f t '·.J ('''"";--~-:•:\t i "':" ... ' r c-Y"l u tin!". oh,,ul ' 'ho crirr1oc1. '>Ut i !\ EUROP:i , it

ia ur .. -..voic' .. .-..1'll" t >r-.t :\. t wi H :1,...vo n n;r or.t influo"'.OC' or .USIJ.~ e.e ~. rattor of 01mre:- . :-~nw •l")u.l,'. t:-~ colo~·.iue l) f :iilIT.1.IlT n.nc'. Fl..'- C!J , n_!'.cl t 1'.oao of -:~u..:. D no dit:r"'H' C:d of : T:11s is .... q'.lOStio:·. or !;r c-:- t ei~.1fict\!'.CO frot'l J~;.'i!... 3

c •m:"'r:l,.,L: t. ~·~:.' ~.oat il-.y "'If oC'var ri.l ' nrfl.r<'~ •:111ion ARiatic c o""T_1r.triote i!l r.' \ 'T "'.t -.. iTC'~t t ·.ll'?:i·: . ..._1)0 i !'l.t. ~ fc ull'. i t""<' -:r O\)rr f or this t?rcn.t · ro~lc,... t · "'o •',-cit;.oc1 i !'. t~.: .... rMcnoc nf J _JJ/.::..! wit~\• ut Uatc-~itlt~ t o J.'.:>J.:..•1 '\>~ t ni.~.ific'\.'·.c. c'.?"B t b"' now or e.or 1"1 E.--.et A•Sl.1~ c or t P.i n , i:-.. 1 c1. ~e.t s! ·-r.ific":\CC' r~.C)•.'tl;1 it !-_... ...,., 7 Our ·~r,.·- 1<' r-,u ot f'l.t t~ io tir.lo c n.r ofUlly con:'lic'.· r

t ''!.10 :-,n ~:·. t . .no1:1. Si ·'.c r ~:--c r·tt~rl"r:-: !lf t ''.; O•lC'l'\{'. T\U"Oj ('''."". wr.r JJ'.P_'..N ~8 t'..C'."'l·,) t :vl. P..

·:) ·liCY Ti '."n-:·r rtiei~Pti•)~ ... -·l. ''.r'R R" i t'. A~.C' "t'ill ·1r r eo -:-xclusiv<'l Y f or t!\c n )).utir,:-. of t·.,. c-.::t-::)o. I · ci io:- t . : .l'l" (W"lr . tt-13 i n fir C1.l\J".~:'.t" l).y t'.. "')Oir~t nf v i rt:• · ·hich ··.i nr .·". t:·.~ tr~··~ "'If wc.rlc' ::1atnr-c)" . lr.P.enuch :;.s tho 7:url'")l)('J\

""r in ".. \1".r ~\ t •·r"C';. r l t,. ".!·.r ''.C'W r r i :·.ci'l") l OB, it r.uet " '" cor.s i{.or r c'. A. .,-<'".t r.iiat..,l:C" for J;:;:~~T , w~'ich l.f\u.."lc'· "''· ,.. ,~rr,"t \\J'.l'.rr t l".kl.nr i :i !.SI A to dostrMT t'10 01" or

1.or -.r:'. ~ot--'1liRh "· r.ow ">"-C' , t o t hi r.k nhc er,:'!. str>.~~ C'\'..t of t:\o

~re- 1c":'!. ·::r r. · :._. t.·v· r r.ry "Ir. O" i rl of t his , J.:2 1:.: 1a f'l.Ct'lll'.llY ir.volvr-d 1:\ t hr :J\tr tY-oP:'. ·: ... r. S·· r"~:in--: C'V<'i -·,o r o 'l>r i ofly , 1 t is not too oue~ t ; S",y t l'..t'.t t '.'.c fuoc nf th,. - urrrf'"IE':'\ , ::- r ,,, ... ,R f 1rot ".t t l' r.t".l"le. "'ly t~c CEI!ti. l :".ci-1.cn t.

Tl•,' r ":'.G"\i\ is t '· .... t t :\r wnr l>r·twn<l.'!. t he- !:{'.Rt f':!'-'' t::" ·-:oat c ont :>r c .:'. <':""

t hr.t co:1.-:-.r.:·. t rir : ·t. ~:.,_.-, f"lrcos whic~. AtFli'.',· i:: t ;'.C• wnv of ,. :'<'W <' r 'p r i n °jj(>,ot ASI.t·--- ·---t.·.<I o~.<lrd<iB '•f G7'J.:.' • . T"i. ::nc~. I T.II.LY -- J'.'ITC tl\C'SC not t ho ....,,w(lr fl of t :·.c. ~.v. or r'.cr il'. tl;.~ wr)rl<'\.1 Our a Cl.V" Ot'.C:V of th<-' ?.llirn co


L

:: c. ~-- . l J.G 'l;)Pcre 35

lv;1 twM r Jii-•. : . a- :-y:.:. y :~<'. I T:i.LY , .... q ~."?,R ( i. U""lo:· t!-i o )"I i ~ t of ViC'W • •.. ;r r 1vcr f 1r t'".i o r ........ " l.'.l t10 th,. c.a r•rti()t". in ::i" e..o t~V\t in n, i to of t!10 f " <'t t hc.t t'-'\ "'111· ·c;, > .. " s l'" t 1·rC1:-. C"' ::cl" • • j\ r'."".<". rn("rt fr "'M tho qu.~Rtion f)f ri. trC'r.t v , J_u>.~', n:!M:l?U..:tTY , ":'e. IT1i.LY otf'J'c i•' f'.!' 1:·.e r'lv\TA.l>l o rolc.tbnehi l' · F· r t hio ror eor. i :: .. ,,. rticnl.(11' w.~ :: ... v · """o:ri crvinl' burn:; t~.t wo nuot l'.ot r· ~·f!rC t !'\o : .. ur'),,NT ··"'.r with i :,1.iff, r •co , r-.:t. t lw t JXPJ.'J.1 r..ust not l ot G~U..:rt l · oo. T':.- L:ocr,.rr.">lo rol" ti • •. l"~b bC'twoc:1 J.i,,,_T).;:_7

, G-c:F'Wil:Y "net I ~ALY io h ietl)ricr llv i~·.~vit .. "11 · . . .lt~ .... w·> it lMke l)U)wr-rcUy " 8 i:t J.APJ~ , ni8 '"'Uitlod "'ly t !:o iufluo:•.c t. of r:. C\'!rt".l ': : ·r u 1 ... t'lo c o\L ·try, io i :1clinnd towfU'<'. ~; IT .• U: r-: ". + '"..o U. S. .:• . , r P.tncr thl\:\ t c..•·· · rt. Gm!·~ '-I l';:<'. IT.ii.LY, tho p'>t!l r,f \'IOrle. politicrl tr:in'n C'lJ'.' " t ~y tl:io l'(' cr..o.r--,1~ ('VOr. Bli-htly, JJ.:.:i;: , i u B' •i t, I'): t::r •':' i :li l')n of f 'lrccn )f t~.~ :. l<" . ..,r ·,· r ... t ~- - · ic , is 7.ll'ki~r: I\ • T "ll'.t cc: · tri but ion to G-:ilM..'.:~, '"'' iC'h in i .. ..... ~xtr,""i"lY ?.<"v:-.., t" "'CIOUB

pooitiO•'l, i n t hn l r.t t cr 1 r "'r " Rrcuti"n "'"' t'~<' wnr, ·:·r· 1)1':" ~')U'- to t h.nt t :\: RueGo-Gorn".;" ::>rct W"'A :\ :'rino roquinito f or t~.i,, ,.,,,r. :-:C1't1cvcr, t he fnot that ::!.'\do t~,,- SCVI:TL' Ul~IO:., Rl'.'\..1<0 hl\nde w1 t '1 h r r nl d <"-c;:w, G:::I~.i!Y , so oc.eil~· i o t he ~x10 t c·:co of tho J __ ~.AJ;-G:':'.: '.Ji.:"-ITALY ".Xi n , r l t hour h ' ho prc.rr osA Cl f no.-'l t i"'tic na f or t !-o t : .r<.' <.' :.,o,.,.·r :".lli11noc 1a tho ·!P.i n r Cf'.et'n. Furthor:~o re, it cn!':.o t ~.- dl"nil'r t !w.t • ..?~:uc1~ 1 e ror..,.i 11i n · r."utrf'.l for c i r.ht t:1"'lt h n c(', ntrr r.r t i) ; r<.'- wr-.:r C'X' 'l1'c t r.ti0n r.ri.i' h · r wr:•r.~11'1 .. wit!>. JJIPJJI nvcr t :i. .... CVINJL Ino i"'.(1?".t °n".o l'V\c".<.' :'!."r W\"hl<' to : f'rUcip".t" i :: t "lo Y'ur">!Jl'.'".T. tJ ... r. Tl·ll· r cfl)rn, r.l t~ou.-h wo t -:.l !t r.'m\\t n":' --.f'..rtioin11.ti• n , J . Yl.}T h-i" r.ctu..,lly plC'.yoc". r . • -:r~r.t r ol o ir.. t~o :--urr·;0"'n \l"'r :-.nc'. it .-.unt ' 'c er> i d t h., t G'.'7J~\:-i c-woe JJi?.Jr n ~of'.t c\o.,l .

i-:owrv,1r , t~·.a :;,'>r,lic:r }'1'.\'\ r ".t !:or · ,0C1:~ 1·-..cli:•.,i '. t " wr r c'.e ~!ITJ.Ii'! a.nc' th<' U. S. ~· •. ·w ~l if t ho Gc-r r.:-\t i r.vf'don cf ~~LGIUM ".J"d ?.OLlJ.::n ahculc'. ~o e. little' f.t' l :i..y••-. , J..2 • .li •·1nulc' '!).) in "· 'l')C'•R iti 1n M oot"ll\lie!'l. r.r. irrevocl'.hl o r ol£1.ti!'n.rhi :1.1 with DiUT:'•I _. . If eo , G-:1MJi:IT woul ' :"" t b~ r.'-l c ~ o ox:·:ir or.n ~·C'r ~rrti tu: .... t ;, J.21.:1" , ovo~ if' e~'.o no fc:eirc-\ . "'1 1) !11.>.n ";lr "lurl:t J~::PJ.N t o t "-io unfe..Vl')rl'.~le ,.,"oit i o:-. i r. "1hic~1 e!w will !ncur ill will C'Vcn whilo r el''. .. ~rin - ,'!Ton t ecrvicce?

Th'' vict"r~; ">f t h. f ')rc · !J • •. f thr. n0t·: l)rc' or i ·· t ho worl<1. '.f'Oli tiCP.l eitu"..~il)n c 1\ll :. pro""1"~ly in<luc ' thf." tot .... l r <.' trot:'.t of t~.) f C1rccs of t ho ol ·'I. or ,..C'r i n JAr/J.: "'illy-nilly. Th.;r o is ~o r.ltorn'\tivr \mt tl'l'.t tho .iown-f .-.11 <rf li '-or~l1Gn t>.J'.·'. cr:> i to.Ho:-. in JJ2J.Y 'Will ho inovi t; 'l."11~· hf\etonoc1 .

..

I :-i ...,cF.it i,m , t.uc t o t~.o t11roc yor.•·~ 1 c"urtior. ,,~ tho CF.I:,·. Inci ?o.~nt, this ei tu".tio:l hrt.tl "oo:\ rogl',r r1.0:'1. E''l i novi tr'1l n , "'ut tl-:-.t ,,.1, ich ht\n "1P.roly eu;1pClrt<'lC. t ho ') l e or.'..cr on t~-.0 thrr'lhol ·'. of Cl)llt:'.:" so w,.o tile co:y .. 0ction with forcoo of tlrn c E or ·>r ::-1:-r M.c'. . A r.r ""t r.1~ j ori ty of t::.c yiMplc firmly .,..oliC'VC t~·'1re if: l'. e.~w.ocrr.tic f orco i n the "t:'.cler.r ounn of t he c:·mA Inoic'.ont t 'mt wo auet e ~.y t~.t t!-.,) 'llc'. :'.')OW<'re i :· t''.C' c o,i..-.try ':ir.vc triC'c\ to COll?>r onieo A.; ~ .... e:::-orJ'= ounotly wi t ;t cncey foroi r;n pow~ro, :\."VC ":>oori. suriportoc~ hy echC'nos of nenietnnc<' f r or.: f ')r e i .-'tl n"woro , a.n.<". hrvo bf'.r -.,1~· kC':??t e.livo. .As a r cault of t hr S~.C'Hl' fur ·1110.-m ·:1C'r: t~lio AUp~: .· rt i s oven' now oi :•r. with,1.rawn. For this r o ..... e"I!'. wo r·uat oc.y t hat t hr r occr.t :nr"r rooe nf tho wo..r in the ~'lost hr.<1 l'\Il

cxtromcl y i lJ!)ort :-.i'>.t offoct w~oro J e:pr:-.n ie c rmc "r !ll"c'I .• I f w• \\..1:'.oretnm'. f or oi ·r r..:•c'. clor.rns tic p r olil0r.ie i n t his wP:y. it ie clof\r

et i:-. ·l an.c ) r .10:1,-:- wh~t c'>urso il• t :"o fUttlr c• JJ.P/'.lT 1 e funr.nmcntr>l di :..:i loJ?U>.tiC polioy nust "'c ~idcd. MC1r 0ovl'r, r..a nn r.·ntcor.'.~nt C"ln<'.iti··m , th.~ r clluildinr. r- f her c!or\oetio 'orr:r..:.\izi\tion in r nquirod .

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D c . '> · 1616

v.

s:~I~.TOr..t ~')r.tio , . ' rnor Jl.r.l'w.aP-dor ? l t i~~ t ~~tirry to ltrly ; i'OMUll.A S:11. ·or r i, Chi~f of the- bvonti rrti'>n S· cti "r'. , SpiritUP.l

}:o'ilhr.tic r.. :-:c-".c"..qUf'rtor n; .. !mibY,.S::I Q.-)ro , Pr-a i '<'"'.t of thn :-.- U nMl :-.wi o\'r C'>r'\)rny. ::c--:rtor. (Jul ;i..• , 1940)

KO:"" J.YAS::I: I ch 11.1c•. '>~ ~"'U to..i~· ··c-o~con I \'ii. Oh tn lioton t o "11 r.. f your o,i:lio~a concC1r!'lin .... t he 11, torn:-.tio·U'l rro'l or. .

s~::tATOnt : U!\til aow, I ~,.vo e.ono wl'.f\t I o()ul'". f ">r tl:o r <'n'>vr.ti :>n of J p,,r.noao t i:pl '>w"CY, r.nc' ir. tr.n w1rlC'.. aitu:•tiO"'- • wh.n.t wo lL'\VO n.clvoc11.tc-'l 1n t ho pn.ot l~.vo .~ciinrc.lly "'"cl)nc factuo.l. ?."wovor, eino1· tho ei tu.e.tion in Luro;in lvw; chnn;:or. witl' ouch r r">i <H ty, '"o di:-.nnot r:.oroly llor.st of our f nr-eir htod vi owe . ,~ ... t wo "JUBt f ire tl~r c i:>nei ,,.or i P whothor Gr r r.rJlY M '

1.

ltnl y wh·1 lA!.'.VO W'J!l " · 1--: r o."t v i ct?r:y !':'l'::f ohr..nr,o t!-.cir r.ttitu•' r . T'\ie woul d

ho , tc a cortl".i n tc ;r oo , unr.v()ic'.n"hl a . T!'lo C'n:\ of t~C' ~~r is !\OW in si.~ht, e.'ld I <\oopl y fMl t!w.t t ho "'ro~ont itt i n c-" .. .'.'c'.:. ~r,. lrto f ()r J P'!Jl'1'1 , \·•he· hr.a 1-oon .-rontl~· lbitcd i n t ho ec,.'~" ')f r. i vin-: MRiot~:lco .

!<O:LIJ.YJi.S:iI- -T'i.o ai tu~.tion :we 'hocomo oJtectly re ~·ou ha.vo tlE'.i ntr>.inod fo r l'. lon~ ti::lc , ~ut w:. .... t r.l'lnut t h C' future oi tuntion't

s ;:1:u.TO!\l : :·~·n.t I M.v o ~lt·'f\YR r i d to "'.l t hC'r O 1o t !1at t h r. wnl' "fill aurr l v r ot'.oh t:1<' cnnclueion as wo hf i! e.ntici-,11.tC'r'. , MC!. r. situation \dll c1.ovcl op in w>.ic!1 wo cr.n BP~ , 11 Dic'.n 1 t "TO tdl you eo", ~ut tho ei tUf'.tion would t hon ~o t oo late , ~r.~ Jnpen will bo plncod in AT.. nwkwt>.rn ~rcdic~~rnt. ?.owov,.r, I !\.".\ :lot at r ll pooAinietic. beer.use Ch..,rr-.n;~ , Itr l y , l'nc'. Jl'\p'lll will c-eontiPlly otP~d 1n coc.~o~ f?TOU1'1~ nvon in t~o future world. G<-r.or~lly epo~.kin~ , duo t o tho feet t hl'.t t~~ ~olitioPl l oa.dore of J e:t'nn h~v~ mioconetruoc'. t h<' i :'".oVitE''hl o coureo of worlc11. history, it i a rc•:rott~.i,1~ th.o.t J ept'l\ ha.e ani:cw!-..f'.t tl.oviat oc1. f r on this c :>ureo . Irro~rc~lcae of whl.-.t ono ~ e~~- , t~o c,..ur oo w!lic=-. J r .7"P:t has followo.1 einoo t1'o Cr..ine. Incic'. -nt c oulc1. not 1'o c n tT" ll o~. -....Y r S OR 11 :1.~'llor of ~M,lo . Uo our.ht t n f ollow t ho . c '>ureo w:tic~~ vc JT:Uat fn ll,,w. .: .. c l oa:: no Jr\~M f'>ll owe thi s c">uroo, eho , ee c. nrtion, r.uat r..~coaa'll'ilY j oi n th·:> coureo foll, woc1 . ...,y Cklr oe..ny r>.nd Itt>.ly. For i natnl·.co, f ')r t'.10 r ('r>B m t~.t trrt ~llio.rco was no t oete.l)liehoe. Jo."1~\, of ccureo, '.'\l'.B ~"I) o'hlit:;e.tior. t o 1,-.n Riot Gor-ww ~-.i:1. Ite.l y . Not'l'ithetc.nc1.inr, t hn f r.ct t:"..l'.t t he ~vc>rn! 1rnt ~w.e ~.ctunllv atf!.tl"c'. its J'? licy of noni ntor for oi\oc , t:•'1J't J~:"lel'1. i s do in::: is "ocomir-.:: l'lf r.rce.t hol!' t o Germany r.:1:~ I tP.l y . ;::..i- t t l:o;' wrl!t ec ')f Jr>.}'>!\n in t ho r.lli~noo 'botweon Jc.~t'.n, Gcrr.inny , r:.'!.d Itf'..l y wr.s n.".inly t hE'.t Jo.pe.n weaken J ritieh rnd Frc-ncl'}. pooitione i :i. t~., Oriont a:·c. to chock tho United. Str..t ee a.nr. n.lthn•.t.··~ J:'::ir-.·. wee not t'.ske~. to d.o t!: iR a~~<' has , i n f P.ct, c\ono so . Now, ovor.. if t l:c Uni t nc1. Stn.toe

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"!'pre 37 Doc . :· :-1 . !.61€

w1a:ll'8 ti) •;f'rtici"'lrk L'. t : " V"'T, e>n c .. "\ .. l)t <11) A'l . Durfr r t'"'IC' ni •.o ~I')!" t he, t !'\cy, "oi'l•' c:~eck:- ·'. ~·· Jn.~M , rr.vo nc ·lcctoc'. ~lr i•'lc . .:.l t J··•\\ ... h :.i;,l,,::wticl'.l ly , t :-:oy "· or k ill t"!f Gcr·:cv:.y. r-r ~. c- r e :-'Ol'r:' ')T ) ~8" (\ '\. c'. i ·: ' :'n:-l rJ11i ,. .,<\ n ·1 .. '.CC lil."' toriall~r, t hC'ir E'.Ctl"-4" 1 f. 'lWor is cllnc~..,t r"'tt"c' i "'. t '.C' P:->.ci-f'ic . ""'"r GcrM'°lY• t '"-ie 1o a (':rC'0 t he lp . !li-foro t!1e v'Pr, it · . .r> e 'C'"lt.r? 11~' S" ic' t re.t 111.'ll"ricB. "muld !>Prtici:oate i :· t '·.c early et\' -re '>f t '•ie "'E'r, ut if t~t '"'r" tr\w t !.c Uni tflt StetC'R i,mul d ~~PVO fUr-1iahoc'. :-'nclPJ'.e a -i1 ~rP"O<" with r:-0

... ~ ,.,1r-:1oe. Jl.l t hOUt-;l: ::1!V;lp·:('I. °'lao ")TOO.ooi np;1t .... £Ivy pownr, it 8 N'="l~ t'" \' t rel" f '>rCr.8 is still i ·· a•ifficirnt. !f t ho r.noric~n l'PVy hL'.c" Cl)f1;?nrt.'td wit:i tr'.:'t of Grrt:1t :;ritAi"' , it wou.l c". T)l'O'-r"l y ;\E'.Vr ~ocu '' r·r e 'vp-.te.."l"OUI for ;.n£;land and "'ranee. "'l'ira tl" , it woull'. ':e.va ~ecn tt TPat epirit\Wl C'ncoure~onent t? Thlrla.n~. anc' ha.i:eo. Sue:-:. "'- country a e Ite.ly woulc:1. "'L>v .. :"'loniktC'd t o 011tor the va.r. If t::c- l:"'itC'c' Stat£-e :.w., ''P . .;1, l)l)C'rl! tot1 tt>rr t'~c-r with t !.at of En··la~d e.rcl P're .. 'ce i "l t "' lfo'U tC'rrl'.:lOP!l Sc.a , Ital·• wl'.lul~ nl) t !:av" "'"on P."lo t o :::llke a.ay mvnA. I! vi~woc'. in tr.is ··2n:'.C'r, t"i.- oituetion woulr. ::?ro~>fhl .. ~VI) ''"n.: COI'&if.or l'"'l•· dif:•'rc:-·'.t ' roM t't(" ")Tf>8 C\"'t. ~·or nn; t:11n.~ , .Arl.orica h.Pc .-r ce.tly under - r at,,; 'ior MP::•r •11 atro!'-th. S~e had t:1ou.~:1t t1'At Euro:ne tree 1afe if o:ttruatod to ?.!l.r.lend encl Pr~"!cc . S'10 f'nr.lin~ th11t chE'c!:int .. Japan WPS her chiof 1:1ieeion, is now ooncontre.tinl" r.or r <'el :::>ownr i~ tbe :?R..cific Ocaan. If Viflwoe. by Je.~Pn it is oxtrN·ol:; '·.ot:~E1raomC1 , l:lut if v iow('d by Germany, it 1e an oxtrc:"!le l>lesain·· · It j R e ,'?reat r ole t:wt Jepa.."l. ·:i.e.e pl~·P.d for the aakf\ of Gorlllal\V. -:ow1wl"l' ai·1co t~o f2.c t t'1:>t t~n corico., t.re tiol" of t ho me.i n 'lOwor of t ho U. S. in t :1c- P:-cific llE' G ,,e.inful to tl'..C' ')011 tice.l k a.dors of Ja.ya.n , i ll tryin -; t :> i ::tpr ovo relA.tio·•e ·i~ aorit wey , e':'.c'.. to r oach a:~ econo!'!li oal underatandi :.ir, , t l".oy havo followfld P. cou rs<' "'l°' i r. :• ia contrary to GC'rman.y

1 a

intnntiona . Con.ec-quently , ~ltl-.ou-1: G,..r r.-.Pi:"-;' a.~a :-o lo~:-;er ~ r 1u.aon to 'tle t~ t C' J Rpar., pctuall y , Je:oan has r 1lJ"dcred eorvieoe comp3.ra'l:lle to that oxtendod by Italy .

'!Jy t :1e e."hov£- fee • ., it c .... ) 1>e s oor t""...?.t lookinr. from t~1" stf'..n0.poi.-.t t r.at tho position of Janan, GAr ?:"Rny, a..nc' Itel~· li<'e in f' t'!ieeion airnillf; at tho C'&te."hliehm"nt of e. nev• ord<"r i u t'~c ~ast .. •c'. t;,, ···c-at, W~P.t each nation ie d"iDt? eripare.t el l· is concontr e.t llc:'\ to~·:>rde achi<'vi~ th" &f'.?:lC\ .c;ot'.l. :·~·.at C'Peh C.oea indcpondontly l)pcom•)& in affect mutual a&PietEMI' . I think tha.t the ral' tiona~'li1' °l:'ot'f'aPn th~ three :iations 11"8 i n such .. f•md., ir.en tel r i:-letionehip. ViC'wcd froo. t~'.Ul.t steudpoi~t. it 1a rr ccted t~ ..... t Je"!).'n , Garman.y , ·nd. Itely ce:i coutinuo to cOOY, c:·a.to, -:id cv~n i -:' .kr:nE<.ny ahoulc~. A.Jq')oll Ene;liah and. 1 rench 1n!lu<'111cea from :::.uropc, i t c'oee not ':lt1F:\ t°k'At from t~'!:' t VP.J1' moop~t, e. new ' ordnr in ::;ur opo ePn 'bo eeteilieh~d. J...ll t~:> fp.ctora 1-r-lon"'in.:- to tho old ord.er in :Jur opo wiJl e.ar:)l:'~>lo in tl:.A . .:1f'rioe.n r.ontiu~nt. Th<" r~ol~ ~ullion , which ia most typi ;e.l o:;:· t he old ordr r , ~e rlrcP.cl.y 'l.1C"n quickly co·•cc-:c.tr<\tC'd in ~·,,.. UTiitnd. st~ t l"la . Of course t hl" J pWe. wl10 Ol'I" t:'\f' rrca.tl'lfJt rno:iy of tr.P now ord.er , i°'..P.ve a lrf'ady ·.,he :5atcn~ion of MOvin · to t >." U-dtC"d Stl"tc> a, '?"\O. fi ll t ill'\ ouat~d ru.line cl<lRSE'a of En; ·lend em\ Fr A.t•ce , 1111n a l oo .::o to tho Uni t<'d State-a . Siuce t host" r l~mouta hev9 fo r mPrl y follov·C"tl i"l'ivic1mlietic A.nd. lil-iorrl.ietic p:"!.iloe o:i;>hiee, t~flY ce.nnot F-."ieolut ,.l v .-;r.s.in in !''.ll'o})n rulod under totPli te.rie.niam. :-~"nee.forth , t~:-y will mov•' 1:11 r;rou">~ to thr. Ur..i toe. Stetes PR t~i.P Pur itP..n di <!. i:r. old.i:-n timf'e . .As :· r f" t'Ul t o"' this, ell tl:o olo.


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Doc . :·o . lnl6

olf'monte of t!-.c •·1or).d will l><' concflntrrt"i' in tl-" t:nitri'. Str. t<'e . rM~rica , "ihioh h!> n 'le o:t call .... d th•' ?'OW worll1 will 'hocor.tt' t ''<' old world, 11nd . : Juropo of t h,.. ol d worl c' will h:-co-1c t h<' nc-w Porli' , rr.d t!\ie e t=-te of oppoeition will continuo for E' con ider "ilo p<'riod of title . Until t :·o old C'l orionte in AmoriCA r r i: finell~· dri v:-n ou t, ... hr etru:·.~1 ,. will contil"UC' . On thr. on" hl'nrl. , if t h" nPt i O"lf'.l a:1s t :•:-: of JE>pPn is ... br \l''i'lY conv: rt·d to t:\- n <'\·r orc'J.or, r.nd y roco1•de rP1'id.ly towP.rc'.a t h- rat0 'll1el\I!iri'+, of t h·· n<'W ordnr in :i:'A'.& t ~.ail' , it would ru>tura lly l:>C' unP.void?.1'1<' for hl)r t o collP.horet"' P.nd coo ><'r l'.tC' .,ri th '.'lhrono

11!

nAw ordr r . On t·:" ot!-IC\r ~P..nl'. , in th<' Pa.oific, e~·c- will h"V" to otf'"'i'. in oppoeition with .dn"'rica. 1 e old ordor. :;.ool·inf 'lt it from itA rou.~h ou.tl ino , it m"~ '11 ea id t~'!.Pt e-"t<'l Pll, • · • .., COl• li tiOi\ of J1•pon , GC'rmt:'ny , a::id Ite.l:v Rnd t :\r rC1lPtio.1 o! r::utu:tl Aid a:1d coM1tUnicrtio:\ will conti nua .

3 . T":E CO'-E'I.1.'T.D :-o·.:-:'R OF !:•G:J. .71' , 7fu'.2CE , r:~ .:':-.!: U:l:::';'!'D STA'rS J..:-n Tr~ Fr.P.. ~.ST .

UOMCJjlA: - Gl"ncr Rlly epc.t:>.k.1!\.-: , I t hink tht>.t ~·our -pr C"l' iction tht>.t the old r l l"n,..,·te o t '-o world would Pll ho concNtrl't"d in t hCI 'nitC'd St r t E'B 1e an intcrC'sti:l(~ o~eerv~tion . Sincl t ro outbreak of t h is we~ . I coul d not b~liovo t het th" Pxiatinr nower of Bnrl f'Md en~ r enco could eup~reee th<' newly formed Ite.lo-Gi'lr l!lP..n Axie. In Er>i to of trL\t , th•' rul1;1.r cJ.aenos of Lnt:l end t·.n6. :c'r PnC"' thC'meC'l ··<' e lvwe " ctron(~ f odiiV- <,f f i p:htin- P.--ni ·,et G("r many r.r.d Ital y . Vil"w~d f rom t h is r •enC'ct , I ~\PC. t l'c> fC'rlin.~ t~t it \lraG

t.!'lr influencc- of t hP. J<.'we , ,.,ho f'.l'C' tho r u· i n.-: cl2.eo of ED.c l a.nd enCI. Vrpnce , who provokod this :101'elN1e wer, e.i mi nf' onl y e.t t ho dne linp. of even P. li ttlchlow a :;e i net .anti JE'wieh countriC'a likl" C<1r~ny e:'\c! Ital y 7Y eacrif1ci n£: ~~land and France. In t hr- cours<' of l e.tor d,•volo...,mr-nte , row<-'vor, tht" ... ·

1 Bi tuat~u ie 11koly· to movr to•r r de such a direction. ..for i:;1e t enco , t hC'

• capital· of ~-.v.l:>nd e.1"6.. "l'rar..c<' ·-1ill flo · to tt r Ul\i t "d Stt tc-e . The Gov r~m,'nt would a.loo p rohe.'hl y s <>nk shPlt~r in •• l"~r:!.ce . ~C'o idoe , 'Or o1>a'hl y , JE'wish 11'horaliate will e.l eo r:o. In euch a ca.oe , whfl.t •11111 h~comP. of t hP world? There will co~ti:-.u" , f or e. consid,,. rahl<· i;Ariod of timl" , El etrurc lr. bc-t\1cC'n the newly arieon i :tf luc"1t P i n :!UropC' e.nd th" old i nfl1nnco cc>ntl"r Pcl 1:1 the Unit ~- .StPt oe. T:-tie t imr , "'e at Ade. will ht" t ho JCNtr of t '•o co,..flict . I n e ll caeos , :-nr·l 111!d ar.cl. r.ranc" wil:t. he.VE' to ma.iT'tP.in I mporiP.l ietic domina t i on of thoir co lonies ir.. th" Or i ant , P"<l t h<' United Ste.t"s ••hich 1e wr>l col!'inr. end providin.~ ehcltrr t o ~lend Ar.d "'rar.co , Rlso ce:,~ o~ diere~ard .i\r.~lo-AtloricM dominp tion of t h c>BP colon iC'e . Thllt\ , Ell! t· ,,.. :.~ .. :?l i eh p.nt'l. ~onch f l oots which eece.l>Acl. da.ma.'?e will aeseml-il f' i "'. t he· ":lncif1c . If the Uni t t•cl. Ste.ks

, finds i t futile to ee.ve : uropf' , s!'le will concontrate her entire force-a in thr Pe.ciric e.rd wi ll cl.efm~d Austra l1:>, , Fr anch JnJ.o Chinn , or '3r i ti eh l "ldi,,. . ShP will e.1110 i nvade Ch1DP . It ie unmistakehJ.P t.lmt t~e 'Jnited Sto.te3 will tekt'I euch er. a c tion. Sine(> t!'\r> si tUP.t io::1 woulc. lin such t het th~ forces of Ite.l y e.nd t h<' Sovic>t Ur.ion e.nd J~oricP.n forcrs which w'l.e uni tocl. to thoeE' of I:~land e:-cl. '?re.no<' will ovl"~tu.'\lly cl a sh i n t~e Fnr ll!e.et, th<' :':°r l\ :;)a.s t will b£1 f orcP.d i '1to thr- !Jemc poei tion ~.e the :!lodf!>rri. !•t> lke.ne . In such e. case no 0110 Cl'.n t oll in wh..<i.t we::, t he Uni t od Ste.tM , w:1ich ie eu~pr.;esing J e:.oa..• with e. firm at t1tudA for t he r rason tl:u-.t wr2 t ha.a ~"Nl do:ie ~Y Je:oan aince t he l-ia.'!\churian I:~cidcnt ?.~a. t r.fl c:1i n?. Incidnnt , nameoly t hC' eete."ilishment of t he

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oc. o . 1Fl6.

nc-w ordc:r l::i ~et .!..Rifl , ie co!'t r:\ry to • ...mar icn' v n r i ~C iT.>lA s , will E>ltrr her pr Ji'p.etnrn policy a.ccord inl' to t! P oi tuetio .. Pt the crucie.l momC'r.t . I n oth<'r ,,orcl a , oh - rrt".y c~"?!', ··o to a policy in which eh<' intoncle to return J AT.>M to t''<' et£>tua o~ P. wpt;c-h..lot:: 00 rt t"' ' t~r" o t'1f"' 1 ... .,.'."l o-Jont"nf'Sf"' Al1.1Pl"'Oe p ; C. to us0 J£>ye.r> r.a ed"t" -.cc-d 1:urn1. t;i·ool)A fo r t''C' dr:::.ocrl'.t1c countri os i n t'°lc> ··,..r :-'eat 1:• t"lP BP:ro =----~ or l'B PolPnd r·~cl t,·· .... littlP c-nto:i.tn cou.1tr1oe. I .. euc'• £t. C f'R<' t~·.nrc- AN .... r to :--xiet i:i··rtic1:l ... r· dA. .ror t!·P.t t"-~ ruJ il'l(" clrl'a of Jl'p"r; •··oulO. it' ii:fluonct>tl lw t~~" Ri:!t\)lici hr ~f t'"lC" .>r 1er:-.t r 1 tt'I' tion l'lld ovf>ntwlly " ocoor ~o i:lclinrcl. . In tr(\ rntl. , th ~r.1t . d St.PtC'R wi~l RUOr r f1oit>.lly c'.'lt'11 ~('I :-.rr nolicy in c ic 1 p "l."D..'N' AB to 4"vr::-.c: l ly cpuruv 1 w1'.t,.t !lra "ren dO""f• ........ Jpppn einCC' t '1r ChlnP Incic:>r t . rr r>:-.;w ... r to tni'l, JP'OAll wo·lld rlBo c.lF.;"*' i1r r vir w rrl"tin:· tll t :-n Unitl"d Stt" tr-r. ~ I'd net i~ concc>rt )•it~ t'.·~ l ". S . .' ·.: tu<\lly, t l·or " C'Xietr. A. dr;.1.-c>1' t r ... t fl po!.:.c·, "'11 1 ··" t\dontod t!?Pt wo\l.l~. r.:"~C. :;?.':"P • P tool. I" e .. c.:~ r; ait•.u·t lo-. d.r v"lona , th"" ac+W>l ::ov"'m"nt in .. ur-:.:>c t:"' Je.pe.n. 1 R rovC'· ~. 2'.t i ?. ~3t .h~i"' err et t~-:<> ur r;e, ::it eu"atP-itir.11·· ,._ · · .. F"t t '.'!" PR ... '-li ~hrnn.1t of t "· 8f"." !'PW w~rld orckr. ~:O"'""v~r , fro~ t> .. t :--om"nt, , "" ' ·. n~rti "!\ • •11:!. · c~n ... .. :'lcl:c t.Jry to t"lc-r1ov"mnnt , l':.1C. i t iA 1 <':> r "d t :l'.t JP·1r.n •,r(l\,ltl F ...... 1'l•t t>" r.P.in t•'iW-'lCC o~ thl" old ordor .


Pf'gc 40

4 , ~~l~HD /.FT£1, Hlh DLFU\T /.ND TJ1L ChISIS IN TJ'L UNITlD

SJ'IhATOhI i If tl'lc pre:sc.nt poli ticE' l ruler s 0f J f' prn cc ntinuc t 0 be. in

1dcontrol of .TrDr n' .S. t"ldnini strl"ti on, wr r t you r nvc

Just sr tlOY occur ~ Trc Uni t cd Fta t<..s ls n C"\ t t t:1 king £1 very l c.nicnt a tti tudc tr~1c- rds Jr pr n, Pp rticulrrl y , tlic ruling closs 0f JDpr n is r r~(ntly ""0pinf f '•r tl"c free 1nportntion c:f /1ncricrn gcods , <'r trc c strblismc.nt of credit rnd is trying t <' c< nclu<.lc. l' new trPdc trcr ty. f.ltl-cugli trerc is n tendency nnong trcn t o cc.c pcrC'tc witli tli€ United StPtcs witr c0upl e t c tl isrcrrrd of t, c n~st, in nccr r dnncc Vlitr tlic. svntinc.nt c.xpr cssc.<l by trc gr cnt nr j crity of tl-c people of t 0dry, ttis srl' uld nc, t Cf. ~ll0v1cd . I cl'nnct possibly i nrginc trf' t Jppr n will reverse trc course cf world }iistory, cr~ck trc progrc.ss '"lf civilizr tinn, end creek rcr ovm dcvc.lopncnt by disrc.gP rc~~ n[ r c. r pre.sent nission in tlie AsiDtic c 0ntincnt rnd tl'c re l e src. nust t 1'ke in trc vest Asi r.tic splic.re . In tris r c:;pcct, we nc.c.d nc: t be: s o pessir.istic, but r.s you rPV~ Sf'id, Engl rnd l"'nd Frrncc v1l- r1 r evc been expell ed frrr.! Eur<-' PO, by c ,...,0pc.n' tine vii tl- ttc United Stn te:s, Vlill rmkc up in '4siP wl"~t t}'lcy ~ ost in Europe , It is certe.in tra t tlio Nctrcrl~nd Indies Fr ench I ndo-Chine nnd Britisr In<li!\, uricl" trE:.y i-1 th..rt0 f l' 1lc<.l t o dcv(lop t1nd ut111z£' suff1c1(ntly und er trcir sprcr cs of influence, will bocooe noro precious t 0 tren thrn b~f0rL. Cr nscquuntly, tl"Erc is likely t o c.xist drnger trpt they will ccncentrc t c trcir influcncos ttcre.

But I tr i nk trP t 1 t v:ill be r l r ng tir1<. bcf " r c Englr nd rnd Fr ,..ncE. , if trey E'rc. cxpLllcd fr<'n l..ur<' pc , will bcrr ttis silc.ntly rnd r bcndon rc.r r E.turn t o Eur~pc . Lven trough tl"£ ruling clFss itsc.lf stould LV~cur tc. t v tte United Str tos \'11th gold bu: lions , worsl"ips end ncrcrrnt sl'iips, the.re WC"Uld still r cnrin 1n Inglr. nd 451 00Q1000 p<:;ople . Tl-c.rc w<'uld C' lsc rcn~ in in Frrncc 40 , ouo , uoO pcr-pl c . It is ir.ipossiblc f or tl'u .1 t o t r.kl ttc.ri £>11 \:itr trcn. They will lc~vc nitr gr cnt rfluct~nc c . F0r inst!"ncc. 1 ul"o will support t}ic pc pulrtion 0f 45 ,000 , 000 r E:.nrining 1n Englrnd? TlicrL is only trrE.c e r f our 1 ~)ntrs' supply " f f 00d. Fitlcr rrs no nbligr ticn t r support ttcr1 ~itr nr tcrir ls in Contincntnl r.urope. Furtrc rr.inrc, }'le. is unt'blC; t " dn S" • Trey cPnnot live. unlc.ss tte:y d e:,pcnd rm tlic Crntincnt cf f.ucric~ . In nny c~so , tl"E.· pcopl( in [ngl Pnd nust depend nn the 1'noricr.n continent. E.vcn if tre; snr 11 nunbc.r of peopl e wr 0 }'ird nbrndon€d 6Vuryt~ine nnd lieu novLd t n CPn('dE\ should c0cpcrote with the. Unitod St~ tcs t o n:-nne c. tl"c cr l onics in tl°'e Orient , nucr c~nnot be. cxpcct~d of ttcn . Tr c noverncnt f r. r r~st0ring l.urope: will b( c <. nsic1E:.rrble: e nc~ vigor ous f or trc nc.xt five or ten yc£' rs. Durinf; ttc t pcr~oc~ , they \.culd ne t be. .~blc t o oxE.rt t~~ir n·'wEr in t~c Oritnt . During t~at tine , tre nrvrl pov1er 0f Gcrn~ny r-nd Itr ly '. 1111 incrcr.sc rr picUy.

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Doc. No . 1616 Pcgc. 41

Trcn tl' t. cc ntinE.nt ·1f 1.~1t.ric'"' \"ill bc.. in f' dcfc.nsivc: p<'si ticn ., \'ihntt.vc r 0ne nny S"Y· t"'t. P'PUll' tinn 0f Lur op1.. i s incrcPsing , r nd 0n.: €l'nnot s uppcft l .. i nsc lfc Gc; .... 1nrn~· rnd Ittily v:ill dcv c'tc.. t , tr.sc.lvcs s ole:ly in \..Y.plcit u g J,fric,..., BUt c..v E.n in tl°'f't Cl' SC., it is nf" t prcba·olc. t'" r.t tl-- c. y r '.'VC n"> cr.nm:ctir n wltt ttc tncricPn c0ntinrnt lylng r crnss t~c l tlrntic Occ..F n~ Trrir i1.~11cdiP tc c- bj< ct i s S('lutr J,n1.. rice , v:l-icr i s I' b.rPncr C'f b'ur,... pc., l\/'cif'lly s pr l'king "sitl<. fr ''r. th. nPtivc.s , cnly Sp"nlsfl, GcrL'1'ns nnd It--ii"ns ,..re. trcr~ .. Trc.:cc t- r c only " f c ' ' l.nf 11"-S--x c-ns.. Th::sc. purple. d' n t l ikc. trc. Unit<. d Stt tc...>. Tt~c ., ... ,rld rr s bH,n und c.. r c bsrlutc :.rc, l f' -Srxr n de n1n"tion u p t . nc'\, •· nc.· b~cr u s1... ' f t t-is, trey •1c.rc. CC'ntrcllcd ty trc Unitc.u st ... tc.s ·11tl' r•~luctPncc.I' µcv:cvc.r , if ttc r10rlc.1 si tu"tinn sh1ulc! su<ldc nly ~t cc· r~1.. such trf' t tl-c. ;. nylo- Snx0ns :- re. C!~ft.rtt.d , trey ,,,0ulc~ r " t '"c.r frvc r Eurc"pc .. /.ncrjcp \1jll b< 1n rn cxtrc.1 ·cly dc.f\.ns i.vc pc-sitir n .. Th. V \. ry f cunctr ti f'ln c f tr<. l~ •nr "'C Dr ctr lnc \:ill crur· blc • Tl-\. siturt i 011 v•ill bccnr.c. v < 1y ('rrvt. f or trl. Unit<e St" tc s. Since trL U.C o ~~rsclf l~s ricrc.s 1n Lxcc. ss r f her neetls, s1'< \/ill n~t be fm·t · .... c r torn< d bv tl- c. 11r tc.riels ,.,f '·sir . If ~n Fp!t~ ti ~n src ~lJ brL"k cut ~n s ·ut~ l~c.ric~ , \~icr is S C' close by frcr1 tr~ s t f\m1p" int t"' f stlf-cl<..fc.n:;c 1 l!"ulcl not ttis be <. f "-xtrc;c c1 :-•n r1... r t " t~c u. ~ ., hrs<.lr'?

Tl .. cr c f ' !'<. ro t tr is 1.ri..cnt it er nn~t be. inq: inl'd trnt trc United f:tr tos r. l r nc. v:~ultl 1ncrC " Sl rc•r po1w:cr in trc Orient r s Y "'U r:-v~ n"•: sr-icl ( 1.1t•"' U[ I"' CT Of"'Qf' ri-s ['; populrtion of cmly 10 ,ooo JOOO , p1..' pl c \'!r " <. s cPpcd frnn Lnglrnd will gr~clu" lly rc t~ c.r trt.rc~ finc c. C"nr~r r l onc is n 0 t Cl'p'.'blc c f r · "in t~ injnr. trc p ... 'iH r ' f r. c:rc.C' t n" ti< n, I:.nglr-nd, ,·.:h r r ns csc"' p <. d fr n Eur< pc , '.:111 C' nsid c.r Inc ici, J\ustrrliol New Zc.r lF.' n~ , <. tc., "'S bc.cu ~ing 11f f. r c. rtc..r vr luc . Hc.wcvcr, t is qucsti1 nl"blt. :-s t r \ .l- c tr t r t"'c. BrJtish Jr pirc., w"'icr r.- s l ost ln[lf'nll " fJd ',., s M' Wt.d t c C"nl'dl' , c· n nr in t r in trc. srnc. p•.wc r src r"s l-c.l c1 b<.f" r<. /.ltr1 uet trc.rc. is f'n c.xtrc.r.e v1 u ·1 trr- t lnf l r nd ::>H' P<.r, s " t r spu k, is like tl-c site vf offic0 f <· r tl-"- B:ritisr L11pir"' 7 nn r r t t<..r wtnt r nc n i gflt sry, it rrs bLCn ttil !!Otivc P')\:cr, rnc th. c r ntin\..nt Wl'.s cc r.tr ollcd frr n tr<. r e., I tr ink trl" t tt c. surv1 ving influence of t ~c Britis~ D1pir : , ~~icr t r s l e st ~e r f re t r old in Eure- pc. r- nd v;l·icr h11s C. SCE'}:'(.(:: fr":: Lnblrnc Pr·· pcr, sJicule! nr t be. f cc r cd by us .. J.t r ny r"tc , ti c. dispute bctncl n t1"c nc.w influc.ncc i n I.;ur ,.. pc f'!'lcl trc. 1 l<~ influc.nc c.s ,,l-.ich csc£'pc..d t i') /:nc.ricn '- '111 be c.ncr-rcc'! in n fierc e. s trugrlc f "'r tt c. next fiv e .-,r t c.n yc nrs.. During t"'r t th~c. , rt lcrs t, tl- c. y pr"'bnbly ''Jill be. unr. blc t 1 • txcrt n ucl-- prc..ssurc. in the P~cific I.ref' 0 Tri s pc.ri r.d r. f fr ''L1 fj.vc, t 1

' t <. 11 yuirs is V<..ry prc..cicus f e r t' c.. hsirtic r"'C Co If t~is pcrin~ is idle.a rv1ry ,_ 1 t is clc..rr th"t 0pprcss:!..nn nf vrr:i. <'US nrturc VJill bt int"lictu'.! Up( n t"° Crl c J1ft<..r cJl , Lur .··p<.. r,lsc rmst depend on lsiP . Tl- Ly ~r"- dc..sir' us nf m~tc.rirls fr 0 n lsi~ Q


Doc. No. 1616 Pflgt 42

Sine'- t"c. Britisr Lr:.pir(, r'rrncl , rnd LnglPnd h rst..lf, ,.,ro rrt dl p<nd,nt u pon th1 Arn(ricon c.ontinLnt, ~111 rftr r rll c.ndrrvor to rnnc..x Asir t o trc old influtncL, it is ntctssrry for J~prn during t~is ptriod to utilize to trc.. utmost dc.grlc. trt LXtro time.. givc.n rcr. T'l--is must be c ercrt subject for ttc J rprncsc. people. I t~ink t~rt tr< rc.n son trc. Jrpr nes( pc..oplc. tnd scmc\'il·rt ft..l t t ""t't v1f t .,,a rc.rc,..c.d trc.. cri tier 1 turning point is due. to r Clrtrin kind of intuition concerning tris grc.rt s ignific~ncc. .

5. TlT POS I'l'IOH OF Tl":-. Pf,0-BhI'f ISV FACTION IN QUI\ COUN'I'RY

KOBAYAS'.1: No one. in trc. politicr l ('ncj busimss ,·•orld , c.nd rlso In.pc.rir l Univ( r s ity pr~fcssors in trt.. Pender. ic \'/Orld , sc.cms to undc.rstrnd Pnytring in t""Pt s<nsc.. . Still, ttc.ir vic.ws c-r c oppositc.. First, th. opinion t'"rt Gc.rrneny ·would be. dcfc rtcd vtr s ccnc.r~lly prt..vf•lc.nt until Tl ccntly, but now it SE.CPS t rr t Gcmf'ny is 11.kcly to ;;in trc. '.'fr. \ic crnnot fi gr t rt..r lity, TrLy rrt.. ~r yine t""rt vic~ory in wrr is un:tmportrnt; t""? t vict01·y over mili tnr~' pov.·c.r is unirnpo:t~nt; r- nd trot it is r n c.ntmy of civilizrtionc Trcir ~ords i mply trrt justicl still exists in t'"e dc.mocrrcy of Frrnct ri-nd E.nglc.nda /'.ctur lly , ttc. discF>sc is too fPr tldvrncc.d for r c.m<.dy. Tr t.y t' T l. ~ grot~p ,·,\. icr srould go to t"'t Continent of A~ t. ricn. Frm1 Jcp·n-----

Sl.If\ATOhI i Tr .. re. r. r e r::r> ny pc r s0ns 1.'!l-o srould Pl so lt rvG J r prn.

NOMURA : Trc point t 1-rt trc. n:-tion~1 feeling \'lould not p( rt it J rpPn to t r k< r co·urse contrrry to current ristory of ~icr you spt..rk is r c~ ttcr of course , tut e s ~ro KOBAYAS'-'I "'rs just stc-tcd) since.. t""erc. rrc. soiiH. people. w"'o vic.\1 ttc !)rogrc.ss of ristory frorr. th· opposite. point of vicw,-----

SFihATORI: l·o•."'tV(r , it crnnot be conceived trl"t suer people. will govE.rn Jr p£1n forc.ver . It srould not b<- Pllowc.d.

KOBAY.Ast·I: T~E..Y e ":lpc.~ r to bt. possc.sscd \''i tl" suer idct.s .

SPIRA'lOhI: No mrttc.r ''!rrt you sry , t""cy F"Tl pc.cpl<. nro l"C\vc. bt t n troro·.ighly im·buld wi tr trt. mr: rrov1 of bonc.s 'i!i th tradition, in b~d sc.nsc. prejudice. trrdition , 01 to uut it ruo:rc. strongly, v itr pHjudic<-i •.iricr is Vlry difficult to s'«'k< off. Und<.r suer~ yrorla tr c.y nrc rnt>intriining thir prc.sc.nt posi ti~n. Th: crnngc of sucl" :i '.'/Orld inunc.diP tcly n.u:.ns tr<. loss of tr <. ir position. If tre t si tuf.' tion d( v clops, tris would be:. " sclf-prc.su·vrtion., " Tr<.r1.. ie P pro-Britisr frction in Jr. nr- n. I trink tr~ pro-Bri tisr fc.e:lin~:" Y:ill r Lmrin even if E.n~lnnd is crusrc.d . Tr t pro-Britis~ fc.c.ling is one. v1'"icr c.xpr e:ssc s S( lf - lov£:.. It is onL trrt s'"ows love for ont s self ~

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Dec. N~ . 1616 Pr r,<. 43

KOB/.Yl.SPi s Th .. businc.ss y1orld is t;t.ncrr lly like trrt.

, Jl.',TOl.I : It is n<"' t only t)'lc. business \1rrld. Pitl°'c..rto ., 1 'y hrv1. bu.11 irbu1 c.: in t)'-rt nrnnl r. T~cy o. r(.. tt" s<.; \'Jr" ht'VC trut:;l°'t trj.s sc..ntincnt t o 0trc..rs r. nd t1"0sc \•11"0 l'1:wc writt(..n b <.•ks f'l?l tris subj ect in C'r1.~c r t '"' srf1..-gurrd tn(ir P" sitions.. If tr<. pr e.sent \·:0rld ccll=- pscs t""c.ir positinn y1 jll b<.; l est. KQBf.Y/.SJTi s Tl'"ir t is true . P.ltrr ugh ,.,c.. , including Sl·nJ.TOl.I, r. r t.. l N k u1 upr'n "':S trc pr o-<h.r nr n f"'ct1on by tl- c pr " - Britisr f r cti0n, I do ne t trink ttr t ~ur gr . up is prrticul-rly

pr0-Gcrnr n. SP!lJ.TOI\I: Since \ JC. c r ll tl' en tl"c l r <' - Britisl" F£'ctif'n, trey pr~brbly c-11 us trc Pr~-Gc rn"'n gr oup.

KOB/.Yf.Sl' I i 1.cc-- r din& t 0 ttcn f' l tl° (.u ( t listcninf~ t <" trc pr 0-Gcr11rn f f' cti'"'n is v ;.,ry intcrc.stinr , •1l-r t trey °t'C£'T ::- r e n<'t :'ctur lly tr~co NOMUI.b l Trq' !:fl Y tr"t ,·n rrc. trking r c ,.,ursc in trc r ppr sitc c!ir <. cti,..n frC'r·. civilizf'ticno

KOBf.YJ·,Sl'I s J. ftc r ~ 11 , trc; S ' urcc f' f trc pre.sent extent of Gcrurny ' s ui~rt 11<.s in r<.r positive poss'-ssi~n 0f new culture.. , nt.\'I i dcrs , " nc! nu· '!erlc1 r-utl0cko

l\O?IDIJ. s Irmorint: nc.,·1 dcvt.lc·pncnts in prcsc..nt dry Gcr nr ny, tl"c..Y e re Pft(..r ?11, tryinf t C' judge Gernrny ncc0r ding t o ' t"'c pl inciplt. hf 111~ight nrkc.s f\j.trt" of trc. ?Udell& J.gcs . I f 0lt just r s trc. Ci:-tr0lics c11d t't trc. tine. r- f tl'"ic hc.ncis,..rncc , rs trey vicwc.d trc: pr rgr 1.. ssiv1.,. '-lc.ncnts wN · cdnirc<l t1,c. rrts · nd 11 t c.rf' ture 0f Grccc(.. rnC:. I\"ric, r1i tr c fc..c.ling trr-t r c;rct' t l'c..rc sy l"P f rriscn, bc.cE-usc. rltr,..ugh tr<.. \Wrld ~:cs nO\': pr0grt. s sing t cm'rtls ttc. c C" untry < f God) trcrc. ('ppcrrcd r cn trc.nn wi·o •:'C.Tt.. trying t • ,-,r rstip tl- .. sr.vr gc.. gc-ds r f Grc:.ccc . I t'Pinl\ t}'lr t it is sil"ilr r t c tl'is .

KQBJ,Yf.StrI: Tl- .rcfr rc , t l-c situr tion ,·;ill net be clccr until

tine clnps<.s . St.Tlhf,TOhI : J"'..lofin;,: fr"n trc. rist0r y cf n~nkind s trc . hl nr issr nee: is r· r e. vi vr 1 , cf th cul turc. ~f Grcccci wric1' is trc. 0rigin ")f cu:< crF'.CYo l-l(. \:c.vc.·r, tr c. n c\'I '"" r d outl· r k of Gornrny rnd Italy is n m. vc.nc.nt v1ricr cnccP.v,..rs t r' go brck t n trc. prL -Grtcir n c.. r no llsc in J npn n, I\ost0r r tion rh1rys nc."ns r:- r cvtvrlo Fr•1::c..v cr it r,c c.s furtrcr br.ck t o tl' c uyt"' c. l q;icr l N:o~ Tot r11tr ri:-.n1!;t1 tr<.rcfc rc, is "· r e. turn t c thinr, s fundr.r~c..ntr.l cnci css(..ntir l \'!t en v1E.wcd fr · o culturl'l rist~ry cf r..r nkind. Trc culture t c \'/ricl" trey r efer is ne t r crllY culture . T't'<..Y nust be. spc~king Bbr ut sup,.rcirl civilizrti·:n 0r s cnctring r f trf" t nrturco Isn't


D<" c . Nr . 1616 Pr g<. 44

trP.t vnrir u s nl'n- nr.dc: 1nstitut10ns or su '()crcif'l civilizntir n ~"-:- t ~nJ.r rrn t s trc e ye.~ Tre; G(. r nrn pc,0plc nrkc o distincticm · ,.._ '\ ... u\ t' ~l t ' J· ,'n1.: c iviliZ{ tir n. : cc< r d inf t n t""<. EnElisl", :1 ·c ricr11 ~n,. J "prllt!;- pec9l c. , it is t"'i s su pc.rficir l civ11lzc> tion tl"Pt Gc r·n•ny will r bclisl" f r "r. tri s r.r.rtl- if sh •r 1n~ t"'c.. wor. Culturt. will not pcrisPj en tl-c. c · ntrc> rY it \:111 fl<'urisP. Up t ( ncY! ,.!r r t Jr prn r rs b<. c.n t C'l G n s be ing l'<'St vrlurbh • \;'s t "" :l.s \'le. stern civilizr tion brscd on l i':icr c l isno

6. Oh ! GIN OF LUI,OPU. N CIVILIZATION

NOUUh/d C 1nccr ninf; t rr t p"'int, I ,..nc<.. \'I r t l- r s1'ort e rticl c in trc. "NC' ti~nr.l hcvicv1." It c ·m gcn<..r r llY be. SP.id trc t nodc.rn J.urc oc.nn civiliz~t1on 0riginf'. t c.d in Pcllcnisn . Vrw:l.v<..r~ 'J-f<..ll cnisr . is r n<." civiliz~ tion wl-ict ..:- rigi nr. t <..c iJl r. Grc cirn c"'l <'ny r. t t't-< tir ,c \:r c.n tl"o /,ryr ns enter ed t r c Gt'c.c.k P1.n i nsulr , r cr crcd tt c Mc.ci.tex-oncbn Sen. , r nd cri:c in ccntr.ct ,, ·it"' ~"" c. ..., c<...r ni c civil i zl' tir n 0f tt c Jlc-ditcr r. ncrn. For tr c ;".ryr ns, i t ·::t' s c f r rc i gn civ i l i zrti<'ns \ ;}'rt is tt l cul turc c. f tr c. 1 :c.c: i tcrrnc.:Pn'l Tl"\:: pirot es cf tl"c Pcrsil'n Gulf wl"o enter ed trc. 1" cl: i t 1:..rrr.ncr n e nd r.ssin ile t cd \'i tl" tt c PhoLnicirns Lst r blisr cd t nc c f t rc nc tr~prlitrn civiliz~-t1ons. Is nr t its <'rig i n i n t 'h<. er r l" vr n civilizE1 tir n cf tr c :. r r.bir n dt.s(.:ct'i Tr( c~rrvr-ns r' rd<.. tl"cir living by nccnsi0nrlly l cr'ving t'"t ir bPrrc.n l r. ncl rnd r obbinc; r. nd cl"c.r tinc t ""e: ft: :rnc.xs (' f f ert i l e lks c-nl"'t rniP . Trc sc pc·r plc l r t <.r c.st"blisl'> ... d tr ._ ccr.iic.rci:-1 c.r.pir< crllcd Bnbylr nie c nc :- l s0 , th .. n ilitf' r i s tic cr·untry r- f J.ssyrir. . In citrcr er s c., t l-ic.y r:r-C:c tr .... ir livina nr t by pr e.due inf rmytring trc.r·sclvc.s, but by <.xpl c i ting tr o f r r nc r s vit < \:c r e. pr0ducc r s . Trc r elit i on trr t c~cvcl cpcc.'! r(.r c ,.,rs Br bylonir n r.nd /.ssyri " n n" nc- t}'lc. is:-' , l'nd trr t -.·1rs c!cv t l r pcd intc. Judt' isn w\...icl- in t u r n, bt cl':.<. Cl'risti~ni ty. v:t-~ t is v ery i nt <.. r \.: sting :- b"ut Juc~r 1 sr: c m: CtristiPnity is trc t r c\ ntr"ct <'f f~ itr is r.~rc~c bt.t\'ll.Cn Gnd r nd ur-.nkind o Tri s i dcl' " f r r.utur-1 r nc: r c.cipr < ct- 1 contrc.ct V!f' S inl-t ritcd by Eilrc.pc. trrcugl" trc Fc.llc..m.~r~ :-- nc Vcbrcx• i sn t tf' t I just n .... nticncd . Trc 5 €. t>.r c-tl- c nc~crn trcrric s r f scci:-1 crntrr ct rnc t l'c c l"'ntrr ct cf

s r.vcr ci f nty., In sucl°' r s ·.cicty t 1 trc r c <'JITT<. rcc <'T s pcl1Pti0n

e:xists , rnd in suer l' ,·my, tr c. s c t\'IC f • rr:s r-ppcnr · in c c( n<nics . t .. nd , in t" (.; c ·'ns truction <'f s r cicty since. tr<. p0wcr s r.rc in nppr·siticn , i t tf'kc..s tt c f e rn 0f r d cr.1r crr cy if trc pC"\'/Cl'S PPP" Sinr; cac'I- c t r l r ~ re in br l nncc. . v0,·1cvcr, if tris b~l~ nee is cl c.str··ycu r. nd one 0f trc.sc pr\'lcrs bocc ne:s very pn·:crful , r n c.xtrLr:c d e s pr·tisn 1.1111 dc.vel op . Th SC tc:ndcnci cs r nv .... ~ppc t'. ro6 in Gr cc ct. c.nc~ 1.c.r-c . Furtl"crnr r c , ev en in inter-nr t i r .nr l sr ci< ty > tr er e y1ill dc.v£l op suer unstnblE. inter-n~ ticn:-lisn r.nd p? cifisr: rs r r r.cd p<.PCC r r trc. Lc.reuc ('f Nc tions r. r sucl" principles r;f r t,:g r c.ssinn l' nt1 i dcr. s cf trc "'' rld r.s r n( nr tic.n ?. 5 it di e! in I!r cc. <lonir. r nc1 none .

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f' ~ . Nr . 1616 Pr gc 45

mc;c rn Lur,.. pc. i s" \;rrld l'lpr <.SLntin(' c r nflicting principl c.s in \J" icl- r.11 r f tr c.sc principle. s ,. re. r iXld . l\ s f' r csul t, l:' ltrrugl· cc r- nrr:icclly it is C"lll d C"' pi t :- lisn, it is a Tlfinc..c! f r 1. rf c 1 ;,Lrci" lisr: After t' is cnrn ~ ( rciPlisn J'll"S CXplc' iC< c1 cr·r1c.. stlc C"fTicuiturf'l di stricts t < t}'lc 11nit, it will t' en utiliz e. t r 't(rc utnr st t 'r-<. cfriculturr l castricts of sucl- cv c.. rsu's c ·untril..S rs InC: ir "'nt1 J.ustr:-li~ . Since. tl'rt \l<'ul <.' nr t be suffici<.nt, it n i l l 0x1Jlr it Hrncrurir'. rnd Crim•. Tl- i s is tl-c s • - c"llcd I r nl ri "lisr • Since I1.pcrir listic c··.mtrics othr tl"l'n ~ nc;l"nd rrc. rpp<.E'ring hc.rc lln<~ tl- c. r( , c: i!:iputc.s ... m: rnt q; r.11is11 \::111 clc.vLlcp c c nccrning t 1 L pr e bl<.r; ' f er l • ni LS . Il- c. situ" ti0n \'Jill be p:'SS~ bl c ns l c n[ :-s "' r nc.c: pc~ ci.. i s i.r i ntrinu..: but sc,..ncr r r l e t c. r, t' situ" t ic n \'lill dc.v c. l op in ,·1ricr t~csc cciuntric.. s will cl:-sr in .. n i r.pc.riclistic \:"r s trur:g l c f " r \':r rld dnninr ticin. T~is i s t''L subst--nc<.. c f t~L r:ur"T'c~• nfl r . Sucl- umnc r I f livinE, ' .. ":{ r f LXisttnCL' 0r f r ms nf civilizc-ti~n r r c. <'.bnr r r:Pll.tic..s tl--r. t <lc.vcl rpc..d in unsuitr.blc..

· orc rs suer t's in cf'sc rt s rnc~ su·s which, in c..sslncc. , c f' nnot ~"' inta in }'lunr n life. by lnbc r,. The. r.1ouc. rn wc rld is o pr0cuct r· f tre r-cr:" r~;,...tl c. Gl v e;l r•pm. nt c f tr is l'bnnrr ,rl civiliv•tinn r nd trt r ttl ! nt t r rl turn t < tl- i s "' bnnr nf' l civilizr tinn is tl-c. dcnnfr ll r-r t"' t Ccci,:cnt . fnl1i\rtc.nnc.nt c r ncs frr n trc &stt Nezisn, in C' ·~crtr in Sl nSl , i s r e.. t urn t n tl- c Orient <' nd ~~c rcst~r~ ti0n nf Pfricultur~l civilizl' tir n. F0r instance, CVLn t l--c N~zi nrti"'nt' l lrnd pl " n rf'S r t cnc:cncy tn~·:r.rd JrP.t'ni s:~ "nt~ i s , [' ftcr rll , tryinf t n re.turn t r trc s p'C.c i r l c ·C' r f' ctc.r rnc' nrturc.. cf rur .fl n life brscd on trc s oil.

7 • Ji.Pl. II' S LLJ11.l.S:i.J.Ul! /.ND '!-'I .. h BLOC TPIOhY

SPIIJ.'l'Ol.I : Im".c.c.c~ i it nust b< S (' . In tr( c · nvc.rsion 0f tl·c.. pre. s<.nt \•r-rlc t r.ust be s< • In srrrt, it is n0t nrturf"'l t C' c..s t rblisr E'n 0 1 pirl pcrr· ss t""C; SCV(;fl SCf'S e I trink t"r t ttl future unrlC vill ncc cssr rily be eivi~cd intn lE'rrc. s"Oh r cs . Gtnc.rl'lly, tt lSC z< n<:s nust be :::r-nnectcd t cl· ct'hcr by lrnu., J~prn nust !' lso crnsic~ e:r rc.rsc.lf c>s c r-nne ctc.C: by lrm~ t r tr c J.siP.tic c r·ntincnt instc.t'd •"'f c r1nsidcring "'..:.rsclf P. S f' sc:- - bnund ccuntry . On l' nl'p t~ C; J rpr n-11rnc1"tulmc -Crinf' bloc systcn t rf' t J~prn is now c. />crt'ting , is indeed •:1idcsprcl'C~ . But I t r ink trr.t trc sprc.rc nl'y be. ~ littlt sn"llo If trc Scutt Sen s c r<.l' is rdde<l t n tris, it nill bc.c"'nc c s plcncil: l c. btnsrrurno I trink tro t ttis is ne t on c. c<..~ nic c.1.pirc bui;TspJ.l:""ridi d le. bc.nsrPun cc nncctt.d by l r nd rnd y:l-icr "'rs t""' c. f 1: r ns 0f trc trccry ,..!' trc. bloc systcn c·f tr c. nl'. · \:r rl<~ . I tl-inl· trbt ,:1c nust c r·nsidcr trL ).c..bc.nsrr un 0f trc ;.sil' tics nr tl-c cstPblisrncnt cf r. bloc frC'n t'· is ~nglc. o Th. c..xistinf, cnmc.rcif' lisr. r.'!ust , 0n tr is C'ccr si'm , be c c•uplc tt ly liquidfl t cd o · It sccr.s t c 1~ c. trflt e ctivitic.s bcsc.d 0n t ·c s c il, such l"S p:d.rJ.i tivc inC.ustrius , v!ill bccr.nc. fum:~nc..nte.1 . If tl-is is ncccnplisrcd, trt t c..r pt Pti<'n c,f r1r [ing \'1f'I' will be. gr c r tly dee rel' St;d .

In tl is s<. nsc. , t"'" c intcrvic..v1 given t n t"' c J.ncricl'n pr e ss by Fitlc.r i s vt ry inttrLsting . Pc P.cMr. ndcd tr~ t since

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he. docs nr t infrintc. ~n trc s1' l.TL r; c.xistc.nc ~ c f ot~c.rs , c thc.rs 1:ust ne t intc rf c..r c \'1itr r1s 0\nn 1<.b<. n ~rrmi . Fnr tl,is purn sc. , \"C 11ust rcnc.rrlly '-rvc t"tC.-sS<nllils f < r ~clf-!:!Uffic : ncr ~ 'i'rc Unit .... <l Strt .... s r c!v<c:> t cs trc TTrnrrc. ~--ctr:1m.; '"· l< ;. ·p is trrt trc. Un~iu' St:-tcs ::.. s n ·c Cc.sill us ("\f b1..ir.1- invc>tl c.<~ by trc. ,,l e' ,. rlc! . P< sn it~ t" f' t it urul(, t>c. t ( lcrflt< c1 if trc. Unitc.d Strtl.s c nfinc.<l }'le rsc.lf t o tris d'"'ctrir.c. , but h<. re prinrm~c.c t} c. Unit c.c1 ~tf' tc. s P S be.inf unrc f"S' nt>blc iT'l ir.t rrc rinr i n "'" { ryt' inc trr<u[rC' Ut th. • 1c rll: ,

KOB..Yf,S''·'I : T' l. Hf·: r c. , unl l ss J "p:-n 1 s strtl.sr en <.itrc.r f c.llc··· Ln[ll'm~ C'n~ tt c u.s. rr LlS\. rbrlis'" tnis C\. Ursc , src. crnn<'t "ccc rplish --nyr,\- fn( ~11 " lf'r < s c"ll. . J .. e:rc.l't n""ti<'n-\licl<. plrn c ,. ncc.ntrttL (' · r. nr t ~ n"l cc.f <.nsL , in trc future , nust fc 11<' ... sue" " c \::SL .

SHih/\TOhI: \.°<. rust f ell<".: sue"' r c ursc <.vc.n tr ur:r it is rgPinst r-t: r .. ,ill; ' 't rust f <'ll c•· t""t C' u rsc r :•pi c!ly.

8 • CPf.lJ.CTfl , OF 'l'l-.. GL.NJ,N ! .. . CL

NOHUhA s I rml/ trinY. trrt nctv1i thst: .. nc:inr tn<. f~ct tl ~ t r ( ~ ituet t ic n i s C"cturlly s r1 , tr<.rc Pr i.. ... [ r U' t r.~ny pc. • nlc frho tf'kC rn ;pp~. si't t vini-> It nust be t rkcn fC'r ~· r:- ntc.d t~r t intLrfsts crust ttu , t c tr~c tris rpp~sitc vic.w . But c ft\.r "11 r ur I inc'! s, wric'· Ar\. nr w c c. ntr< ll cc~ by p~st trnuBrts F>nd l ac1'·S r rc ~ nflul.ncc.. ! in tris \'my . Tro·c i s f\ l sc. tt c nisc· ncc.oti r n trrt ,.,, Tl d ciYi l izf' tirin "'rir inrtc.d in Crtc.c"' "nc1 h r.nt rnC: tr nt 1'1()L.Crn civiliznti< r. wr s pcrfc ctc.d in l•'rP.n\!c <-nc Enr,lrnc1 , c ml thrt s i nce. t" is ,., ... s sni d t r be Of trL ri!;r.c.st 1 C.VC.1

7 rny ir.prc'VC.n<. nt in t,._iS c irc.cti cn

is ccnsidc.rc.d pr ·r,r t ss . ff tL r r ll t'· i s (·.c. s n t <~iffc.r ftmC~fr~cnt£1lly •:;itr trc intl.T!'>TC..tt' t:?. 1 Il rf }"istr,ry by l!E' rX . In tris 1 r nncr, l urr!)c. is ccnsidc.rc C ,.. s trc ct.ntc.r i:f :-11 rist< xy . nr •:1c.v cr, r 1 tr ·ut..r J;- pri n s "crlcs of r m.,., '"' r cc. r in ~est lsin , src. ~rs n~t c~r~u ·plr tcd r t rll " S t o t~c n~turc nf trc. rist" ric."l bcsis r!'l uricl· t"'c. nc.r· 0rccr strnc1s . Tris is ne t 0nly r ~rc blc.n ~r rist~ry . T"'c cl C w0rl~ outlcc.k pLI'!1C;rtcs tre: fi e.le: cf prilr.snpty f" nd P"litics , E.C" n<inics, l l"n , rn~ s ';cic.ty. J.s l rmr rs trine s rrc. vic·1cd wit~ suer r v~ rlC 0utlr r ki t~tY ~ill bl. Cistrrt c.d . It SlCllS t r1 nc. t'-"~ t ::-ft<.r :-1 , f' !1<. ·• cultur~l r1"V<r~c..nt is ~bsnlutcly nc. c cssr ry .

Altrcu~r t~c. Nrzi s in G<.rn~ny hrv0 r fine nc~ v:orlc c:utlc'r·k , it t N c ic~ nc t r pr<.n r su<~<.1 <.nly but nr nsc in Gc. r •: uy E'ft< r t h r [' cc E' nc1 s t rtt- \'!Crt. unified . FC"r c.xr.1~pl<., t1'crL ,·•c r l t'-t. culturrl stru~tl c. of Bisr.i~ rk wric"' 1'r s r deep pcliticrl signific~ncc., rnf suer ttings rs

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1

Doc . No . 161~ Page 47

Pogclirnism in tr c pr ilosop~ictl fj(ld, movLmtnt of r omPntici sm tr inking from th strndpoint of li t cr nry tl·ougrt , tro ristoriccl sc~ool of tcon0mics , rnd pr onon£nt s cf enci(nt G~rmrn lr~ in tr c l cgr l s c,..ool . Ttcrc.forc, it is sfl id tl r t tto r.1ov<..ncnt fe r t""<. cstrbli:.;1-mcnt of trc new cul t urc., \':rior i s br sc.d on r- v<.ry \'idc scc..p<. rnd \'Jricl• v,ou!l.d give tr1..; Nczi' s world outlook r foundrticms arose in Gc~rny from ttc ninctcc ntr ccntur~., Sine( t'"E t mov<. m<.nt ciid not f ully r tt~ in succ~ss , it ~rs dtfc~tLd by dcnocr r cy or libcrrlism rt t "'<. tin'C of t"'L lrst '"orld wr ..... 'F'">,"t.v c.r , tl-is time , und<.. r Nr z i do!"1irn~ tion, ti- is movement rr s coMpl t t cly fl~·.:1 is"'cd. On tl'-c contrfl ry, becrusc of trc. c:~istcncc. of suer ,. cultur rl f oundr ti on , tt c :~l'Z i' s dominr t i on bc.criuc firm . Trr t is niy line: of t'~oug1•t.

SVIRATORI : Tr<:. kcynott. of t,..l crrrPctor of ttc. Gcr mrn r Pcc v r ric.s grc.rtJy fror t"'et of t'c Anclo-Sr. Y.ons . I trink t~rt pr1nc1prll y . t~cir '~cirl clrrcctcristic ras F v er y str ong t ot Pl :° tcir l. n t <.ndc ncy. At trc. sflmc time , sincl. t"" cy ~ivc ~ccompl is,. cd sue~ pr ogrc.ss in sci. nee. t~<. y rrvc of co:tr!Je: , £' r '-spc.ct fo1 tr ' l r i ndivid'4"l ity "S un<. of t re ir str ong points , Po\''l vLr, tot" li t P rirn is wrr t m!'ke s up t~ i s founde tiono Tr <.r 1.. fore , trc. nr rlif'r.ic ntfl ry govu·nnirnt of tr l Anglo-Sr xons cpnnot poss ibly t r t 1 r oot on t~at uoint. I believe. t~~t Jrprn i s s i milt.r on t ""Pt point . I rm inclined t o be lit.v c. trr t t" .. ·•·""c. • l sor· l instinct of r l). th. ~ r C(: S e r o princi pe l~y t otr l itr riEn o I t rink t~r t t~i s TIFS distorted C' nd bc.cemt.. rirat i t is todry . l»r n diff < rs froL1 ~nimrls on tlc point trrt mrn ovc.rco~<s nr turc , ~nd r ltrougr God differ < ntiD t<.d bE:t\'J{. ... n r-w:irn 1< i:igs r nd rni Mr ls by giving m~n c.xccll c.nt cRnr bilitic.s , ~ l StLrn civilizrtjcn , in order to ovcrconit:. ne tur<., r u l izc.d one. t1·i umpi- cft Lr t not""( r ln sci t ncc, rnd in its pr ocess fc.11 victim t o ttmptr~iono Trrit field •·1rs grci:-tly ovcr- cr.:ip""£>sizc.d Pnd ovc.r-rc tc.d . At trt pre.sent , tris c.vil ~dvr ncc..d t~ t~c. pcint u,,.c r t it ~rs dcstroy(d t tc collc ctiv<. livLJ ih1)od of I"rn~dnd , end I bc. l i cv t tta t it i s tl-e new •1c~ld otitl.:>ol' of Gcrmrny ~ nd Itrly tr~t cmpr~ sizcd trc ori~inPl collective. ins~ir.cts of mrnkind to countc rPct tris Lvil" It is r rclt' tiv<..ly s' ort t i!a<.. since. th i :ldiv idurlistic t1..na< n~!' '''C'S irtroduc c.d in J£1prn. Trc. rc.forc, i t i s r.ot so di f!'icu.lt for J rpr>n , v1rosc, rrc11'1 crcrrc t c ri&tic \ iPS o:,:iginr·lJy br5Ld on tt c f~rily systc.t. e nd tot£1 lit~rir nism , to re turn to nrtion<- 1 polit y in its entirety . Conr ·quc.ntly , I t~li{.V C. trrt tre cwvkc.ning of Jftp~n in t t c. pc~iod of t~c pr (sL nt ~orld c.volution will be v ery r rpid,

NOI~hA s Unlc ss +. ' t /T . N. nEi t ionr.l/ orgf'nizf' tion is compl<. t <. d by trc t ime. of trc f\Wflk uning - ----

KOBAYASPI; It mu s t b•. c r·:.1pl ct<.d ns soon "• S pos sible. . \IJrE' t do yc·1 trink ebout tti s umttc r, concerning t,..c. tre:E: t mc.nt of tri s problc.m?

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L

Ooo. ·Tc . 1616 Fage 48

9~ N'ltiOD"l Ors"Ulization "111 ""r ince !~ONOYZ.

$HIR..TORI1 :.s f or t''.e Pr~ blam o ... t "'o r eorgnni 'ltion of t!le nat :c:i , I t !link th"' t it 1·1ist b~ fu.ld~mnt lly ' tho'J('ht '!fOVO'!lODt r'1 ic'.1 ni ms rit r tl!.:'nill 1 to t~1c basic pri.1dpl e ot J'o,a> "'n 1 s n:-tiona l s t ructure. If ~:o "r) en:_roesed only in the pr oblem of tho fo~ of government, it ' 11'1.. r o31·lt in ... distortion. rol'llll3rly , divino ins9ir.·tion nnd t he l ·e t ·· .~ scor ned by the intelli 3entsi'\ , eo no must considor mJt ho1s of ; Jrnu~sion suffic~ont to ( "'in t ho ~ssont cf tho int elli g 1ntsi · . ..:o·:o r , the unl c".l.'n.Jd ··till not :equ1r3 such m:>t hods. Tho~· t"ill understc-nd at once if uo Mor<.>ly so:; t ht- t r.e should do our bes t to ser ve the ~·Jro:-. If ~ :e , t ho '7!lol e /p.115/ sove nty millions of the n"'tion , bc.g:~n -:..:; Ta"i t !.ng t o offor our all t o His I.!t- j \1f>ty, since n~ o·:-o i~ ~11 to llim, "Uld f\ot•1t- lly prnctioe SHI : 'LIDO / 11. : t . ~y of "sui.>j .)ct/ , th<.:i t~e g_\.est i ons ot governmont , eoono.rv· . e.luo~\tion , uvl l eado:•sbi p of yoUDB mn uill nattn'ally t ake the p roper oourse. Ht is also un!\ecoss -ry to em-ph· size t eat :1hen ev<'ryone r eturns to t hd frc.rn'3 of mind , existing p '.U'~· olit.'.ci.t"ns c-n.1. pnr tis --.~s n:t..11 b~ out. :!l/'Or'Jone '17111 h nvo thr t f r iw.e cf 1· i01d .:! td on lluch .. b:-s i s , t:.io 3ovarnmont n ill get alon:;. .cc;or1!.ng!y , J'~an'e so,fol , e:on "'llJlic , educl'tion,l, :"'Dd ell oth3r atructt:.res uill be rofor mod. 'Ihe>n, .. :es torn individ u:lli stic or libe:-ulistic ~ :n o"',t) i t 'llis t ic s truot\:res uill, ru3 a mottor of course , be com :i l otaly regl•l t:ltcd. Tbct uill be f avorable! It things .. re don') t h·1t \ .I" ~' · since 11e "'.re a ll o'.lil:lren of P.is Majesty the ~c.cr , ue s~uld uot be bl amed so s everel y f or ':7hat we mc\r h. ve th· ·ught , said , mlJ. done be!c-r .) . Let us for get t he p ast entire ly ··nd. togvther s :: on with ,. mc-vement of s orvice to tho ~oror. Let us estc.blish an or snnizntio11 in 'cce?ing '11t h this. For this all c:in 'lgr'le it , .. , ill ba entirol..~' natural t o hf'Ve l' rinoe KONOYE, •:1'10 is of t ho noblost fn'llil:,r of t!lo savvnty millions of tho n :-iticn, l ec.d ~nd di:-o"'; the :novome:lt . L:>okin& nt /p. 116/ it t:h~t ·':""y , t h.:: r o is no er· ') ·.:ho c ~11 te.ko r'r b ce KONO~ ' s pl " oe. In cbility , kuo\~·led3e , nd. p3r sonr. lity tha~·e r.ay bo !DC'llY raoons the sovonty millio .s ub:> s 1.rpnRS him. Ho77evor , 'ibe!l r 3 consider the ne'7 Jll(lvcmc-- t , or its orsan".zation, i7h1-,b 'lims t o uni t3 ~ll subjects in I:' ::.·Jturn to of~ering t hoi.r 88!"1 i"~S to His Y:a j cStl' the &peror , 11:':'. nc'3 KONOVE, by tho v.Jr y ~ oaj t iC'n hi s f".!"'il!' holds in Japcnes'l hi s t Ol'!' • is t~e oue \:e uM:t hcv3 t ? l et>d it . r sny this chiefly be:m:.3e t7e 3hould build n DI"!>. JC'):m by dc) ond.ing QPOn Prince :\OKOYE .

:~o:a . .Y,·sara T:lon , i n s bc:·t , Y<"' mea!: !lo is t :1e ::..·ep:0santative o~ t ho ~1hole nnt i on?

SHIR.~TORia I me'ln represent::ttive or flQ81?11lD· Ln~or , nll t ho ~cople '.till follo~ ilim.

·:iith th·-...t in mind, e:dstin.J political .1.>:-r tios or former pol iticiansif such sroups then truly p erceive t heir n oi1 mission :im nbandon the ir f orm3r pl f.'.t:f'orms , n ".\turally thr.t rrill be good.

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?age 49

10. l'etbode of Reform and the l'"t ional. Structure.

S.J.iJ'.R,.TO,Ua It r:.~' 'Je unreasonable for us to r equi!"e that of all of them. It may rlso be unreesom bl e f ar the r.rol e S9Tenty nr lliona of the nation to de11and it at ono e . Since ue airn at establishing a n8'T orgo lizatlon and effeotins c. "°vc •ent of service to the Z?1pa-or \'!hi~h ·,fill emtTao~ :lll cf the poo l e , it , .. 111 probably be uell

NOhi'URA I

to accept for t ho time being t ho3e vtho v~nture to join 1 t . I thi ru~ r.e s hould no t be so CTi ~· ical as t : say that ttJ.s or thot person is ob)~ctionablo bacnuse of bis past connections . It is, hor:ever , another question ctlO s lx:>uld play t hq l. ~d in th.e nert ors ·nhation and by \7hom in t he future t !''> ncr. )oHci ~s srould be mr.J.e . Th3re h.:.;i _, been some people , ot couro . studying de"fO tedly afo.is this lli-e, so tb'9se people , I t~in'<, rt ·~'lt. ;;o hOTe the '.l. oEi1cr~~ip . ':°'•.19 p !\."11: ~788 en El'8 of vd.~.:1 str i f j . ?~uch bas been d:i.Sc ussed arrr.r..: ti' .:i member s of existing bureaucratic political parties . Th ... r~:o1·':> , uouldn1t it be uell if i n t ile future eTeryone oouB . becor:z /p . 118/ of conge nial ep~rit , frankly delve into the matter , a!ld cooper"te as a bo~ , stcrting from e. neu foundation? A nation-·::ido orga"li'Z.at i on '7111 be useless, if ue leaYe out political parties. After a' l .:e must build a firm organization like tl: F..~ of t he Nazis end Fascists . Such arguments T7ill probably ar ise . /Is for tho fornation of tbs or3ani'Ultion , in all probability t hose nbioh have been rtor '.<ed out by Oel'maDY and Italy should be ta:~en into consider ation. After many failures, great sacrifices , l'.'nd much ilard ,·:ark, these have at l ast smrn good r e sul t s. I thi.a~< that Ja;; an, boT:ever , Vtill be able to make use of their :· ood features Tii '-: ::-.Out y~in8 tho.t price.

Al t hough there is no need to re ject them because they are of :as t ern natur3 , the s 1}irit of J"apan' s national strt~ cture must 'be

baaed f u·:d.9.mentally am par-., enently on the view of the ttorld ubioh has bee~ traditional in J"aJc..~ f r om time i mmemorial . Take the problem of '3t!Ouoiric roeorgeni~o.tion for instance , ,..e sl:x>uld of course avoid l '..a.•·x1a11.i, 'cut '\"!e should also avoid the Fascist economic theory as f31' as poss ~ble . B-J d int of th~ attributes deriving from the basic pr.inc:lple \'llderlyin3 J'a:>an ' s national structure,lthink ne s hell be able t o ehalce oft all the evils of capitalism and liberalism. In t he external form by uhich t i.lo r oform can be carried out, it is '!uite probable there T1ill be thin~ resembling /p.119/ those don1 by Germaey am !taly. Nevertheless, I believe the fundamenta l concept T7ill be different .

.Among the arguments y:hich ore in vogue these days , 1hile their e'P ression takes t bc : orm of const ant references to the C!DKOKU / 'I!N • foundin,; of t he country/ spirit and the basic principles of national structure, their content s ~em.s still to contain a Bl"eat many features of t t.e old order, ~or instance, thouga they speak of the gove· .. --nen t of' Jr.: crial 7" l> an and enpbas be such express ions as, Imper 1!\: Rule oasietanC<-', t.ctually there are a sreat maey argunen~ in which d.e11X>oratic reaturce are advocated. M:>reover,

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they claim it is necessary to liquidate things feudalistic so as to pave t he ~· f or assistance to tbe Imperial Rule. They brand as feudalistic thin!YJ wbioh rather ought to be in essence J'a anc.sa, and thus r e jeot them. In the final analysis, there is a tenden'-Y n hich :Jee.is to leo..i tonerd t hin9' ' lestern.

3HIR1.TOrtI1 I also beli '.lvs that t here are terir.s , ruron3 those old slogans alld exiress ions, ·.:bi ch n'3od sorut iny . For exru:ple , there are many peoplo rtho, by i gnoring t he ~eror , interpret such phrases as IKKtN B/'1 i Ill /':N i the uhole h • l'i!!J/ nation under one sCNereif!li/ to mean the llmurican i dea of natural riBbts of man and the equality of all men. : •oreover, thepbre.oe BAITnt HOYOKU /Tl'Ts assistance of the ':rmle nation/ i s liable to be interproted es majority rule. Such t hings must not ·.e .

11. Shortcomin fl' of the Reform Faction in Our Country.

SHIRKJ.'ORI• ·:re must criticize such t l:i n .. 9 clo sely. Those ubo advocate clarification of tl:a Mt ionel structtn·a l ~ ,7'eat stress on ideological aspects . They have er..p~ns ized only t he n citional structure of J'a .. )8n and have had l i ttle concern f or the actual and the economic life of t he people. It hns been said that the so-called advocates of nation al structure, have no interest in econoD'\Y. Th'3 group which lays s o much stress on the ircmeciPte e"Vi ls of ''festern ciu>italism tri es t o correct t his by economic theory borro~ed chiefly from Zurope . This grouP calls the advocates of nntional structure Wlscientific and the latter call the former left-uing or red , so that they r e j act one another . Actually, hor:ever , in order to clarify t he nat ionnl structure , the spiritual and material aspects are correl ative ,a nd an econoiey and a government ubich are /p . 121/ based on the main principle of rulQ b:,• the ".!lnperor must be realized. ln economics, further'tOr e , tbo~ \Ibo advocate socialism, completely forget the national structure and say let us have an economic reorganizatior. b· · relyi n.:; e:r.clt",i vely on "Iostern theory and by referring to ·::es tern precedents. I can not admit either of them. These t uo must be re cone U e:\ , I think , i f ne would l ay the foundations of Japan in the proper pl ace. So-called reform factions and por:ers fo1· r eform s l:culd be uni ted , provided t hat they are sincere. On t his ground , I tliin~~ the r izht path of Japan's goverment, diplomacy , and economy ~1ould bea:> me cl ear . Fundamentally, the endhe.sis should not be l aid only on the material side, nor only on t~e s piritual side. i·utual hostility a nc1 st rife among those uho ai.~ similarly at refc.rm, I think , is one of the causes that have allo\'Ted the so-call :.cl oclvocates of t he sta.tus qoo t o survive vntil nv'ir. It is '>ecause t 1'Jiy offset each other that their strength is nulli~~~d. Rec~ntly . many ~ho believe in Japanism have begun to a'.!vocatc som ,./~'.1i 11 ~ !all~ l .luip erial tJey F-conorey. It

is a good te udency.


, c . i'o . 1616

SHIRA'roRi a

KOBAYASHI a

Page 51

It is extremely difficult tq seouro their reconciliation c_ i. ·

mak~ them over, but /p . l~Z/ Tie mwst arrange i t nithout deley. As hae been previously diaoussed it will be possible ta: U8 to do t is \7hen , in a broad &tlnse, the national reorganization is cc:.•1•1od out . For this , as you say , KONOYE is very ilq>ortant. 1.1e \Tish him to ma!cc the great deo is ion himself .

I

KOUOYE is himsslf determined , I think. If he does pertioipate this time, 11e is intelligent enough not 1D say that he nill resolve t his vain strife. Since he ought to know what is nator and r.bat is oil , he ~robably won't venture to \.Dlite the tuo. I don 't believe he will come out nith any slU)erficiol detennination.

tpC>n KCNOY3 1s coming cut in such a right direction to organhe the nati~n. t he p~eseut so-called politicians nould join him. In such a ce.eo. it nill me::an ue must give conaider~ble tbou(!ht as to the!.» intentiona.

12. /p.12'3/ 3mRA'roRia

The Objectives and Form of the Neu Govermnent.

KOBAYASHI.a

'·'hon the politicians join, I do not know what sort of posi t ion th•T uill be given, but, after all, the important thing is tonard nhat o1>jectives rlill the ne>1 eoverrcnent 8".vance am mat sort of thin6' n ill it undertake. l£ t hese ere male perfectly clear, it uill be all right to accept tho~e who come n i th that knonl edge. l~n of old 'ooliefs p $.~ha,r>s trill lack neu i deas and will be unc.ble to wor~ out new ones. Men of the old order perhapq can not cope ttith bold policl es of reform. I think , at any rate, so-called neu elements may be anticipated. It uould be rtell if those uho have formerly aimed for r eform in Japan would assist sincerely t his movement r egardless of neiv7spaper re >orts, etc., and unaninx>usly part icipatf in it s o as to allo\7 !Tince KONOYE t o disoharge fully nnd without · any error the duties that '7111 be his. Furthermore, affiliation ~ by all is the ':i&Y• I think , for the new organizat ion to achieve the desired results •

This differs greatly from the neu party movement aa trad1.tionally thought of, doesn ' t it?

. SHIRA'l'ORia ' '!he ne-:: :part y movEEent s eems to have undergone a · great change

carrpared ;.ith t he ti'lle uhen Prince KONOYE organized his last oabinet. ':lhcn he UDClortook the formo.tion of his last cabinet, it uaa , I think, /p.124/ ui th t he prime object of resolving all vain strife, and I believe he thought the emergency could only be weathered t hrough national unity. In an effort to achieve this, he organi~ed a cabina t , and since fortunately or unfortunately the China Incident occmTed, natj,.onal unity v1as for the time being realized. S:>vrever, in the duration of war for one year or more, national unity reached its utmost limit. Thus the f t,eling owm about that a national re-

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organization in a neff sense had to be made. The first thoug:it migl::.t have been to unite p0litical parties. Houever, this r.ould mu'to the cl eavage betueen the ne\1 And the old all the greater. He t~err that uould not be feasible. He misht have resigned in order to ~:itbdraw and organhe his ideas. For thts, I think many peopl e critioized him saying that he shunned responsibility for solution of the !ncident end that he had resigned uithout any raason. I supp-:> s u the raeaon ':7hy I'rince KOllOYE retired "'88 that if '1e had go;1e on as befot'e, the national reoraanize.tion could not pose ib~y ho.7e been achieved. ?specially , being i .n a pos i tion of au 11hori ty in the government and bard- )ressed with various daily affair s, be oould not organize his ideas, and I think be decided to uithdran and miit until oircum.stanoes beoeme favorable . As a ci~~ct and i.ndirect effect ot t.be nar, there ero~e ~~o 125/ in ',,, ,_, ,,..,rld a si.tmtion in r'hioh this t7SB no lonsat' feasibl~. Forei~l a:i..:. European situations have undergone sudden changes, and a po\10if ul .~ulse bas daily been s iven this. He mi ght have t ~ think, madr up !::.is miud because be may perhaps be successful this time.

KOBAYJ.::>Bls Such rnon r.s Ur .. ARn~ D.Jld nr~ ~liMI, rtbo are non devoting tbemsel vetl t o thl.s by Kvl•OY~'s side, should 8)prehend the meaning clo.ar.ty, I tµink.

SJIRATORis ~ f or ~~':it , I reelly do~1 1t lolou to \7hat extent Hr . KA~ A}'J'. acts iJl l'rinc~ 1-.. i!\Oi: 's behuli' , l.n .. t I doubt that their ideas are in cvmpl&te ag .... e~eat. ~o, rllat those persons sey perhaps can not be said to be exaotly r:hat l'rincs ICONOYE intends. The most sin~re eldl.10.i.ts cf the so-called i·ef:>rm faction are Tihat l>rince ICONOYE no\I desires moet of all. l>t'obah\~r what he 'l'~nts JJX>St of an is for such elem(:lnts, even in sma.l:!. numbers, to vni te and put themselves at his d1&p.>Sal . It uou.lcJ be r1ell at this time for those uho are confident to make themsel•1es lcnomi.

KOBAYASHi i Even if numbers are required, by no means - - - -/p. 126/ SHIRATORI: If there are too ma~ they r1ill not agree , I think.

NO~ftEA: If many persons r.bo differ totally in viewpoint come together and agroe ou.ly superficially, i ·t uill be of no value. After all, if the greatest i;a:>"Jl<>n measure is not cal l ed for - - - -

SHIRATORia In a psrliamentary body. only the stpporters , after all , atitend meeti'lgs. n n ill b9 vory oomrronplaoe and immaterial whether ue have it or :.io t . 'The Slllaller the nuruber, the better the quality. Tc speak in the extreme, one is the bee·~.

lWBAYiiSHia As for scholars , es previously discuseed , nhen we look for them am:>ng the Imperial universi't.~_eo :))1 e.r~ of no value , and, consequently , if ;;re examine them too car3fully - - - -

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3HII\ATORia Even if ue examine a sreat many, it dll avail nothing as tar es the old system of national unity is concerned.

NO~·'lt.RA• At the beghni'lg of the. lest European 'far no one in Germany was op~osad to the \1&r tar the time being. At aey rate, all "8re united in support of.the war. Ho\7evor , the phenomenon eppr-erod that they all differed as t o the reason tor the uar .

sm..qATORia \ihen t he r1ar rns 9rolonged f or so long a time and the situation tu:-ned unfavorable, general strikes took place.

13· Conversion of the Foreign Policy of Our Country.

liDBAYASliI a

SHlRATORia

NOllmJ.1

/p. 128/ SHID.kTORia

SHIR.l.TORI I

It r.e do mt r ebuild the int ... r '"'r of our country, a trouble is :ir.>-":rlnent . AccordJng to the pap ·rs, Great Eritain and America e eeu to support Uatch &ist In~i~ .. and French Indo-Ohina. Bou abod the iuformation you received?

Fi·ance as ua~l AS Greali Dl'Htiin can not afford to attend the problems of :.l>t&ch l<!as t Iudios a:.Jtl 1-'rench Indo-Obina. America also can not eff·~rJ. to do ao , e.1.tber, fol· time being. 'lbeir minds ere full uf at1xiety of h~n to combat Hi~ler's menace.

I hee.!'d t hat Germa1'7 1s reply concerning Dutch East Indies had ra·~a~d. a &erioua issue. ·:!bat uas tbclt?

Gerrraey is not inten3sted in Dutch East Indiee. But she T7ot•ldn1t

like it if J;~pe!\ , Great Uri~P.in, .'\ma::-ica, and France ehould play into each other's heucl on D·..i~"h ~ast lndies. If "e should r,onoult a~Jou-t !Aftch East Indies , (!.3nnany uould like to be first informed , I tl:ink it is quite natural .

lnd.!ed, I car. not help thinking that rre must make up our m.' nd 88 soon as pvssible.

Though Japan's fcrE'lign )Olir.y must be converted thorougbl! . 180-de.::;ree turn1ng rowirl. can not be me.de under the present syJtem, and it ought not to be made under the present 8'vernment s~teJD~ 11e can not tolerate, fo;: tho gra'IJ-9 of our Emperor •s righteous diploJJ1.ac.y

1 that the pr esent Oovermont adopt a strong policy n ithout

changing its conatitutioa. It is uoli right that ~ take 'Ou.tch East Indies by t::iki~ adval!tar,e of tea bi;s";le s~ly because Germany uon victory . '.1hen ... e a.iopt our rigUeous '90licY arising ~:om a renov&t&d constitutior., it is natural that Ja~an should collaborate mth Germany ao:l Italy , so that Japan may, by the negotiat ions Ttith them,/p . 129/ settle the proble111s of the colonies in Asi.:.,

After all it is a ql8stion of a renovation of governmental system of Japan, or of the i nteri or reconstruction.

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S.URATCR I I That must be the prern1Be.

KOHL.Y.ASHI1

KOBAY"9Hl1

SHffiATORi t

KOBAYASRi s

--..d 1 tor:

·:/bet trill be the ~tent ot .America's supply ot resources to Qreat

Brita in e.nd Prance?

l t cin:t it can not be done sufficiently under the present oiroumetanoes. .'\merioan -.:1e.r industry is spoken about quite in exa~oration. lb-.::ever, the scale of ind U!Stry t1hioh bas been developod naturally by dint of activities baaed upon pursuit of individual profits 1n the society of caPitalism, is not large enough as is su poseci, judging trom the present day standard. Take the production ce,acity,· for instance, of airplanes or of tankB• Ar-- ~:ica is considerably inferior to GermBDY• And, America is now rapidly enl.ergins her armamanta- having the budget passed in the Congress. But, thnt 1B nnly because America fee.rs for her own safety• The main object is to defend herself. There is not big eJX>ugh surplus ti> s \l>Pl.Y to Great Bri tdu and France. America seems tc. have sont <Jld-£at:1hionad '7oa,.:>one tthich r.ere used in the last war. '•t ~· ra::e , she can not cope m th the urgent necessity.

Cur Fcreign Offico b QS changed quito /p.130/ bit. Once there •rere those \.hO sa: d that S.iL~:.TORI ~1as misleading the country.

Even at the present time, there are tboee ~ho say thet kins of tiling. A n an cen noi.: convert bis thought so eu1denly pertly ,be· ca\•~e of his f eeling. Se cen ha:-dly sey that his prospe~t was \tron~ but inclines t o think up some pretext or other. He does not nant to confess pl · inly tho t he was Tirong.

The sit~etion is getting on es extractly es foretold by Mr. s :-U.i1Ja'ORI.,

S1~oe Oct~ber last, I huve been saying that the British 'Qopire \18& on the eve of do'tmfall· People at t?:l.e Foreign llinist~,,' ":iere astonisbea by my prophecy. ':lbet deep blind faith (in Britain)

they have !

Younger people, hcmever , soem to be changing in their t houzht .

·,/bat do you think o~ J.mbe.ssador .::tRIYAMA ' s opinion? Old-fashione~ , i sn't it? ·

I .1 t._c event of GormADY 1 s victor y , I thin~ our people in general uill become m..tch "'lloro interested /p.131/ in QermanY end come to believe in domrl'all of democraoy.

St!IRATORI1 That will spur the interior r enovat i on of J'apan.

In the same sense as the Soviet revolution once had great i nfluence

on us.

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Tho Comnunist 'J'eVol •\tion f'lf Russia he!' changed gro;ltly in q ual! ty. /.ft ar all, 1 t bee been proved that r!hnt ~ ·a.·x t aus'.:l t us >a:J in:-JO e:ble in practi ce . But , that r9volution as nell as t he French nevolution , had unuot\bte., ly great influence on human society. Both Genr.any and Italy v;ere d.l•es~ically affe <.ted by it. J'apan ,;as also inf l ue:lcee. . If ;.e rtieh t o s up1)r ess it , ':'e can do so as r.o d sh. Er t , after all, it is an r.chievnmen t of P ~c=xism that i t h'ls .. oint!>d ou.t its oml illogioali ty and defects. and at the same time 1t is a fact that ca-pitalism itself has become impossible .'bat Bolshevik r evolution took p l ace as a direct r esult of t he uar. But t l e real cause of the revolution \tae the deadlock of cn~italiem, So , any other country could not escape from this influence .

It accords m. th the fundc.m9ntal characters of J'a..'>an,and it means to create a totally ~eu character of state . If such a science and s ystematic thought should be born c;eneral public T'il l come to u.:ic!e::sta Id ;;radu ai.l~· , le· v1ng the i ntelligentsia behind.

For instance, the s&yinG of Bo!shevism that one rrho does not r.ork s boul.d not eat 1 does not a)ply to the oondi tions of our country. fbe J apanese !> 80!.ll e being equally Hi,s Uajesty the &r peror 1 s c!: il cren , none of the!ll should starve. ~:e must not have even one :e:·son , uho has be en born as e. subject of ':.!is I'ajesty , starved. ·.:e must nake ever~' one live . I do not neces sarily mean that <..'V ·1ry one shoPld eat equally.

One hundred million poople are the sa~ . Not materialistic individualism t hat He live in.

Iy opinion is t hat m.m does not live to eat. But, '7e eat t o fulf ill the duty as e. sub j ect of Hi s Majesty. His Majesty enables us to eat and live . So. :'3 p eopl o think they live by t t.e ir own abili ty, but /p. 133/ that is \1t'On{; , , and that is the cause of old evil . Since even those nho can not serve His l:ajesty are su'Qplied r. i th neo13ssi ty , V18 can be carefree f or l i ving. '.le H'o not- l il~e such a cold-hearted saying as 'One who does not work should no·~ <!at . 11

Even i n S oviet Russia, some sort c-f spiritualism must be alded to thei r pr1nci, 1e. Ct herwiee , Soviet r.ill come to a deadlock.

On a uhole , l':arxi i:sm is an abstract a;.·gument thought out uith contemplation of capitalistic socie ty purer than England ani rti t~ a k ind cf conco;itional process . 'l1ha.t is, W.arxism is a theory th~ught out r!i t:t 9resUDJ?tion the t almost all portion of the nation riotll.d. become proletariat. Jmd it nas clear at the ver y beginning that, if such one '17ere a .plied to agricult\Jral country like Russi a, certainly unreasonableness will be caused. In e ther 'i!or ds , a s there ':Tera no settlement of egricul tural problem / ) . 1S4/ should Marxi sm be a.:.)plied in accordance with the fomu~~ . Leninism fo·lllld a different thought in connection

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Doc. No . 1616

F.cli tor a

SHW'l'ORI:

Page 56 rr it!i. the farmers. This is quite an unnatural. theory that the for!'n{ r3 are consi.!er&d as tho ally of tho proletarienA. Furt~ar-?ore , Harx:i.tJm can not solve racial problems. Sod lt Republic was harassed by these , but a more difficult !'roblern 1.as that she could not make sttoh leaders as engineers and clo-rke ~~ ~ ~ri~nds, and consequently she could not utilize their la~h!lios ~ ~ c f. l! "'X t c1.t . ~/hon sbo tried t o put the five years plc'.ln into practfo > in order to enlarge her productive pover, she r.as harasesd t:iT.h Siortage of enflineers and she could do nothin3 unless ··he brought eDglneers from Germe.ny. These ;>obits will be gradua 0 :y r ectjfioi i n the face of reality , and consequently its olaas Ueory 1:111 foil.

Relations Bekeen H:ikko-ich:'.-u (the ideal uhich l ets all nations live pea oeabl:; \!Jlder one r oo!' ) and Sphere of Livelihood.

AB to Livina sphere to Tih ich !"O\l r r "grred a !l'loment ago , some peo_,le s ay , for oxanplo, thet el"tb·~;h ten eh of t h .. 'J holy TTar is said to te Haitko-iohi-u, they can uot und?rstnnd it well because i t i s so abstract a nd covered /p. 135/ r: ith 11\YStic cloud. On t he other hand , SCiJle people r egard i t as lnperial1sm. On the contrary , the Gennans have a cl~ar inoisteuce of "Living Sphere,• so 1 t is easy to understand. Serna t imes peopl e say that t7e had bet tcr havo clearer ain.~ of this holy r1ar. '.'/hat are th~ rel a-

. tioLfi bdtT<oon ~iakko-~uLi-u and Living Sphere?

I understand that Hakko-ioH-u stancls for the ultimate object that the benev~lenoe of the Tmpe:d al rule blesses all the naUons alike . This is because His ]~jesty , great father of Japanese people as •.rell as great f ather of all mankind. It resombl~a "Uoiversol Brotherhood" of Christian creed in form, but it is different i n principle. I think it ria ht to deal m. t h China· with t h is ultimate object . rt does\ no t mean aff iliati on of China to Japan nor territori al. annex of China t o Japan. Ha!<ko-ichi-u has been ad~)catea to make a clear dist1.I1ction bet neen our ideal and Trestern imperial ism or aggressive policy. The so-called Japan- i·ancht:kuo -China Bloc is , I t h in'c, of the same nature '7ith /p. l .'.:;i/ Hi tler ' s •1.ebensrau:n•, That i s , Japan , P'anchoulruo and Ohina a!'e to have t he coo.mon "l.iving .Sphere• . T!:i s is not the capi talistic ox,loitation whi~h has been co.ID!l'litted by uestern people. At tho baise lies t he idea of Hak.":o-ichi-u , the spirit of ti1e I°'otmdation of Je,pan. The n 0r; order of the Orient must be of this kin..=,. ·:bat kind of new order could be established \7ith t he old r:ea tern-tyt) e trc-et i es batr:-oen Ohi ne ni th the -:1es tern-t yp e pr3ro .:;ative right, r:anchou.kuu o;ri th t he same prerogative right , and J'a.::>an'l The old ideas and the old methods bring nothing ner:. Tbesa three nations mus t be united 'i'i t h a neil idea r!i t h \7h1ch t he existing internati onal l ir.t can not deal ~

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Page 57

AB a matter of fact, Japan and Manchoukuo recoSnize each other's inde,eDdenoe in the light of international ls, but there exist some special r elations betuee:i them which oan not be ericplained by international law. This t~ndamental principle should be eppli~ t o Ohina. This scope may be ~tend"d to any degr:oee. The quel'ttion ot the concrete ralatio·.ls '>ct\o1eoeJ1 China 8Dd JftPan, we may s t udy in various \lpyo in tiiture end deuide the JDQtters gr:oaduell.Y also with consent o"! t he /p. 137/ Clbinase people. It is not necessary

I to fcllou the 81.anplas l'lf ~kuloho'.lkuo in every respect. There ma:t be much to be emended in t he oese ot Manohoulcu9. The only tu.lng whfob ~ have to do is to clear off the old order eetaLlished by westarn countries in China as a presnble t.o build U.9 the ;iew order. This must be done at any cost. If tbi.a •• 8 1\t:re<\etully done, tbe New Fast Asia Order will be a11tP..bllahed i u c.i~l)S~ance. This does not mean only to sweep ausy agg::-eesive an~. 0-:cploitati'fe system of western nations out of Ohina. ·rt.e olO. or.der is not 1•ef~rrod onl7 to tb.e matarialiatio condit ions. but <Uao to the spiritual condition•~ It must also be a preeble to the nRw order that ••tern ideoa be cleaned up out ot the Ohine1Se mind. But it should be necessary to sweep away the old order ideas first from tbe Japanese mind. On acoou:lt of thes" I say that tb9 new order of Ohina will not be established unless and until the interior oonsti tution ot our country is rebuilt.

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Pllgc 58

15. Forcc ·~st of the 'lorltl •r ... r .

J:di t or: You ,,111 pl e "" sc t ell us ycur fcroc~st cf t ho ' lorld ' lf' r 1·1 the :lenr futur e .

SIIJ i1ATOlU: As I h=--v~ given rm cutlinc n mcne:nt --go , Fr--nc o v·ould be dispcscd of in the vory ncnr futur 1...: . As f e r Grer t Bri t nin, she ,.,ould be subdued shortly if Gori t"\ny should sut'c ood in her l nndinP, opcr :- t 1011s. Tl 1or c t' r e nnny difficulties involved i '1 l~nding opcr~tirns . If 1 t nhonld b,.:. tee- df'.t,gor0us to C".rry out, 1 t '·ould not be r.ecosz ~.ry f or Ge~·rJ"\llY to '\tt:i.ck by her l~ncl forces . Suppose thn·~ GorJJnny should control tho scn-coPst r nnging froo Nor"".Y t o Sp".i n , ".1d cst".blish the b"\sc.s f or "'. ir f orces ... nd sub1..nrinus f' l OnG tho Sl'. i d co:-- st ~nd s!1ould cffc.::t ccntinucns ·· ir r c51s on G:-ect Br it~in on ~ l "rge sc".lc . All tho hnrbour fncilitics nnd the 1.1un1 ti on f nctorj cs ···culd be cone t '\rgets . As Gernl\ny ht>.s oxc<>llent ".11' f ( t'C l)S the rc!;Ul t 1"111 be very eff ect.;.vc . lt ... ly , I ~mprose , ··ill h"vc the coar.nd of the Y.Jd iterrnni"\n ... .,1 :;he " i ll , in coope,,r"\t1.on ··1th Ger:!l"\~y , <>tt:"lck hvr c11u!:, "1th S'..lbn"r l nes in the A tlfln'tic , csµcc i 1.lly "'t the r cut!is of hl'.rbours ··her e S"..lb: "'rine r-tt"c)r i!; ~c11pn r--.tively e" 3y . Th·.is Grcnt Brj t tl i n t;culd be l'CtilC'.lly bl0clrnd<..d. Be i ng c0nfronted ,.:i.th t hes<· , G:·e.,t B!· ltnin ,.muld neces3"rily be stumped . By lfl.nd~ng o,~ff"ticr.3i tho cng"J>...il'icnt •·ill corie t o .nn end by August , ~s Hlt -: r S"" id . In :-.ny "rY, Gre.,.t Brita in , .. ou~d not be f' ble tc bo·~r he r suffc:-ings till the end c f thjs yer r. The 1 ·crs~ co'1ditions on t lln p~rt of Ger1t.nny ''ill be th.'lt, if Gr c·1 t Brita in sh0uld r.i~l<.e decisive r cscJ.utJ.c:n to held uut hor r esi-;t'lnce nt the cost of her ·~olo Nf'vy , the t c r Th of r os1st'l'1CC ITill be prclc:1ged . But in spi tC" of thi s , Grc~t Eritn.111 "'ill be hopel ess .

The questj en 1$ ~1hcthcr GrQ-i t Bri t nin 1·•c::uld subni t on cruE::l cor~di tions "Jhich '·ill be propN.:ud by Gcrr.1£>.ny or rould go en f:\.ghtin.:; -if t o!' hf\ving drl'.,..n b~ck t c C".nnd:l . 111 the J.•ttt tlr C".sc , hormv c.r, she "1:!.ll be unable t o resist .. i thout t !10 coop0r nticn ~·1th Anoricn . \11th Fr~n~e dest::-vyed fir s t nnd 1·ith Gre~t Br.i t t'. i n i n n n.i:lr::.·crr c3cr-pe to C.,.·1~<lr., ···culd i.ner icn still vonturc tc• decl:--.rc ··•r.1• ~WC'Il G o:;:-r:1~ny? I 11 CP.se Amer icn should not nid Gr v1t B~ite.L1 the 1 --.ttur ,.·culd t;r P.dU".lly be cor.pelled to b.Jnr her unfortun·".tu decline . If so , I think , Gerrmny , Itnly ~r:d u.s.s.H. '"!OUld r ert2.i n "\S the three big n:-.tl ons i n Eurc pc , ···hilc G::-c.:-. t Brita i:i. ~nd Frnnce ,.,ould nccesst'.r lly be coMpclled to fn.11 do•"n t o the second and t hird cl~s3 n:-. t ions •:: :1. -'.;h cultur e !'.nd

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c. tlo . 1616 Pr gc. 59

pnncc but ,.:ithcut "HY r rnnnc11ts. I a "11 CVl .ltJ . ~ GrO('. t Britnin pcSSEtSSCS SC rl'\OY colcnios in every corner of the r;crld, sho \'Jill 1~ecp on resisting for n 1013 poriod r.nd uxter1nlly the stnte of -er r~ll :1 t t. c r :1in.., t c nt once . But even if she should t"•ish to l "ep en rcsist~1cc , 1 t is beyond i r:mginnti on thl\t cnl!· tho Gcvorru.1ent nnd the governing clRss '''i th strnt,,;on '1nd gold bullion should desert the rorlo cf Englr>.nd lenving tho forty five riill i ons of pC'cplc behind . Her colonies in Afr i cn Y•ill be tRken m 'l\Y "'1d i'1 the future Ind i f\ •·ill beccne independent fron Gr c:- t Brlt:lin nnd these fncts •1ill rmke her quite po•··crlc.Js . Cnnnd~ is not rich in r cscurces, f\"ld is suppos ... d t o bcco:1e n"turAlly "· pnrt of the United St ... tcs . But "'S this •.:ould be unber.r l'.ble tc Eaglish pec.ple , 1 t is noro probriblc thnt they r·ould koop resisting br..,vcly t o heroic dc~th in defence of th&ir ccuntry. 11 11ny '""Y it 'Jill be inc.vitnble th'\t , 01;ing t0 thu 1:1rrr·c:d !nfuriority i n military str£.ngti1, Grer t Britr.in ''ill finnlly subn it. The situ~tion, l10• 1ovor, 'ill beccuo clenr cr , .. !thin next enc er t·. ·0 , ·cul· s . Suppose Gcrtinf"ly shculd venture l '\ndi:-ig opcr:'.tions , the "'nr 1.my cone to nn end cl\rli er thnn expec t1..:d . Sor.1e i 1ili t~ry exports er e in tho cpinion th~t ther e is littl& poss ibility of l ".ndinJ 0per~tic.ns . But Ger1~1P.ny herself sr>.ys th:-.t she 11ill c r rry cut it ,.,ithout f nil.

.NOMRA : Tho for ec:-. sts cf nili t'lry oxports hnv u often fr.ilcd. The Korth Europoai'l c pcr nticn ht'.d not been i nagincd . Tho p~rrchuto t r oops hnd not been oxpc:ctcd to be used. til l they ,..,ore ouplcycd in Hollnnd ~nd Belgium, ~~d r:ilit'l r y experts still sny th~t the cpcrnti cn ryns unsuccessful even nfter the opcrr.tion t ook pl:>.Cf: i n Hollc.nd •.

J•.di tcr: Peopl e sP..y the s~l1iC thint;s in Ar.orica .

NOl:tffiA : They sr.y th'\t p:-.r nchut o troops " er e ell c~ptured .n":'l<l nn'1.ihil~ tcd . ·

SHIRATO!U: The p"'r.., chute trocps nchieved I\ cc nsidc:r~ble success i!l Hollt'nd. It is 1 '1 this •·•t>.r tha t the f or cctlsts of :1ilitf'.ry experts ".r e not reliable .

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VI. Cor.nc nt on JP prn 1 s Non-int<..rf t.I't.nct..

(Tt c.. Gr c.r t 1.. r J.Sli· llngPzine , June. 1939

\Ii thin tt.n dr ys since t't'o invr s i 0n of Gcrnrn trrops intn Bl l riun r nc p011~nd 1 trc.y obtrinou tr t. senc r1..sul ts :- ~ in t~c. first C'nc ncni:.r 0r t \'r· c f tt c.. First Lur r y1..rt1 \,r r .. T'"r f Pll <" f ?rris rnc: t"" t c!\ pturv ~r tr c s <..~CC'~St r f ULVC.r r r c. ncPr r t r£'nu,. ~nd it is ccnsidt.r<..G i lkc.ly t' r t tn( G< rrr.n trr·nus r ry " lsc ...,r 0c c£d t n tre orit1sr I sl (..S 4 T'" is is, lit<.. r rllY m rld-srrking . To trc. c- bsc.1-vcr s , r 0\•1<..v<..r , ,.,,... ') l°'l:'Vt.. vd .. tn< sst..d tl'-c.. Gcrnrn

1

s inc<..ss ... nt of f < rts f f" r i:.lic lrst ? y~rrs rnc': nro prr.pcrlY rppr cc1£'tC tr t c ,.,l'rrctcr1stirs f.f tl'c. Gc.rn£'n peopl~ rno t r<.. pr1nc1plc.s rm:. structurc. r f t rc. p0litics rnd cccnnny rf trc.ir t 0t"li t r rir n r ef inc, trc pr c.sc nt strtc ': ·f effti irs 1~.. in fr ctt r nlY , •rr t \'/AS t<' be t.l(T,cctcd . It is tr<. r ef ere nu.y ncturv tt'r 't tl' csc.. vil"c ~nvc r1 t rcrt<"' b<- cn r crr. r c1n& libc.rclisn ... nc' c1c.r.r crrc~· es t h . ninnrcl<. r f hurc n culture rnd \:l"o b1..lic.vc in th:. inc:"'liitrbl\. 11·wc. r C'f fnf.len(. nr tl"e /.nr.lo-Srx0n rr cu !"P V C c"n<- t~ <.~"ubt t""'c.ir ~un 0bsc.rvr tic-ns .

Lnf] r m! enc.'. Frtncc. hrvc.. cm1puJ.scrilY crnllengc.C. Ger n'1ny t r fi. {.' r t 3 1,/l-y t '-c y liov c.. c.10nc so? Vi c. r.cy, in sl'lnrt, scy tl'ir. t t'r•. r <-f' s<:n f e r 1 t is trnt tl"c.y rf.'vc unclcr cstinr tcd tl'l£: r l:.nl. str<.. r: r; t '" nf Nrziist (i( r nr.ny . Trey tl"l')u grt trr t Gc.rnany nr y be !'c.lc: dr\m r. t pr e.sent, but nfly b €: conc. t N) nuc"' f or trc.1r pmJ(;rs t ' do 3c if trey le. t rc.r g r cv1 unnot icc<1 scvorrl yLr.rs l onrc..ro But 1 rlrs1 It '.ff' S r lrcr- dy trcn t N· l e to f or tr t;n

1 ns tr c strc.nr~tr of Gc..rnrny l'-cc~ rlrcr.dy boconc

t i o nucl" t c be. v r.nquisrca . Nr t rmly r.nrl r nd rnd Fr£1ncc , but C' l sc t 'h:. uoS.J, . in tl- c. sr.rt. vwy, tir e: bc.cn wr 0ngly ".lll(.c: rcstin~. ting trt. strc.ngt"' ,..f tP<.. Gcr nrn f!' nd It~l.irn t 0t Plitr rion /,xis ccuntriLS by bc;.licvin~ tl"Pt tre n~nP.f;C-r cnt '1f rll trttcrs t"" r t c( nc~rncc I::.t.rrpc ni c;)'\t, in gc.ncr rl , bt c··nductc( v;c.:11 if entrusted f'lnlY t 0 Lnr,l f' nc1. £'nu Frf' ncc , "S it r pr.c.nrt.c t 0 l'>er trrt Itrly r nc Gc.n~cny woulc.~ surc.ly be. dc.f(.r te; ~·. in trc.. c.:nc' rne r cr O\'!n c~uty vms t o try; witr rll ·rr r c. ffcrts, t c suppress J -prn 2 tl"c t'. n:;rcss~r, t nt r·litr. r ... ... n strt<.. in t rc Orient. In tl"c first pl P.cc, t"" (. <"'nc °'·:"" t rc1 i ~l) st ~.7i src.c1 f or r n l')utbr<..ak ' f ·-m r in rurnp(; is 110os E:.v £;lt l"ins<..lf. It is nr t rn cxc.ggc.rc.tion trrt, up t f) th .. bl-f innint; c f tre: ',fr r, tr t.. c ff -:irts of tl- c. U .s., AS srr·vm by tre GE. r r·en 11\;l'itc Prpc.rtt y1cr c cl ircctc..c1 t cw1r r c:s pr C'VCkinE ~ rurcpeCl n

,·1r r. ll"'·;<..v\.r , ··!"'c.n t rc.. wf'r r ctur llY brnko ('ut , trc. gt.nc.rf'l c;pinion of tr~ u ~s. turnc.u r ut in f~v~ur ~f nr n-intc.rfc.rc..ncc . Src c i d not r.C'<l ifY h.:r policy of er sr scttlu cnt nf tr~ de brlr ncc r. nu r f not lc.nc ing rcr vcssols t o rny bclli~cr<..nt pcwcrs, clttou gr r or c;r vcrnncnt r r.c1 r cvisccl trc Nc.utrr-lity Lrn , so tre t tr<.. dc.gro<.. ()f J.nc.ricr 1 s t' i C:. t c, LnE;lrnd rnd Frrnc<.. \:rs v~ry J.uke.vwrn, v11 ic"' grv(; rise t " fin rtnosprc..rc 0 f c0nsidcr~blc l~isccntc nt in tl"c. s r. i c1 tvio cc.untriC s . It r f'ppcnc-cl tl'r.t, r s r wn r v•i tr,...ut f i gl"ting l Astc.cl f 0 r ci grt r.c nt"'s, not ,-nly Ingl nnc:! o.rn:: Frnncc , but r lso tl'lc U .s. we.r e unevie r t: of t1· c rppr c-rcrinB drngcr. We bc.licvc tr~t

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Doc~ No . 1616

the. it can, row ever , be said tha t/Nortr Europedn Viar finally served to ralf open trcir eyes and only by tre recent collapse of t"'e vie stern Front did they, for tre fi:-st time, ~ecore fuJJy ~wa~en)d .

It ap~ea~~ , nevertt~!sss , ~s trougr ~tey are still possessed of an optimistic view regarding tre future. As until now, ·Grey seem to still rave ropes of success in leading tatters to e protracted war by anticipating ttat tre 98ttlr-front will fall into n :3tate of stal emate due to tl" e sloc~-ening of t"e Gern:an A1-r•y 1 s of fcns iv ~ , as was v1itresse:d in trc First European Viar. But, now trot tre strongrold of tre h•aginot Line w""ich took four years to construct PBS been pe~otrated in no time, no one not even an ama te1.ir i! coulc:i r a :-dly think of tre possi bilf ty of a deadlock in t e front line3 by resulting in mere trench warfare. Tte only woy out of tre difficulty for England and France would be to decide upon a large-scale counterattack, wricr, rowever , would no loncer seem to be possi1ble inasmuc}'l Els trere a11oca rs to be a tna!'ked difference between tre respective Air !i'orces end l'ecl"anized Troops .

Now, as for tl--e U .s ., slie would by no means be able to render effective military assistance even if sre srould pror.:ptly participate in tre Vier today. bs Goering used to alv1eys sfly, trere would be no spot for t'he landing of tre UeS• soldiers even if t~e U.S . wer€ to participate in trs present Viar. JTis saying seems t o l'ave turned out true. Tre besr trat could be done by tte U.S . would seem to be tre granting of an unlimited credit to England· and France, t~e offering of r er vessels for tte transporting of mun1tions

9 end to also s"'ip a large number of mo.:e

superior planes tran in t r€ pP sto T'he wi trdrawal of t.>-e U.S . flee~ from tre Pacific end despatcring same to tteir aid V1ould po'Ssibly be fa::..rly f'ffective, but 1~ may be impossible for t...,e U;S . at trc present juncture wren l"er relations witr Jepan rave beco~e so aggravated.

rr Soviet Russia, a neutr~l power , srould suddenly turn e. r ound to tre aid of England Ar~d Prence and att~ck Germany from berind in full foTce :l trEre migrt possibly be e complete cr~nge in t~e war s· tuetion out tnis is absolutely inconceivable. Not only must lt be consid€red tPP.t t~ere must be nome sort of underst~nding between Soviet Imssia and GGrraeny so as to m£1ke Germany feel perfectly easy , but Germeny would certeinly not rave wit~drawn rer mecrani~~d troops entirely from Pole.nd in order to rurl rer entire strengtii into tt e VI es t ern Front unless Gc:rmflny red felt positively safe in doing so~ It must be extr emely ref'ssuring to Germany to t'' irL1< of t're milli~ns of Itellan soldier s v1ro nre s1.1fficiently prepe r E.d to rise up et a moment ' s notice.

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Doc. No . 1616 Pf gc. 62

As for t "'€ future outlook of t~ e: present v1P r / pstounding de.velopments vnl:l dou btle.ssly reve bef:n mE'dc by tl e time t ' is a -rt i cle oppea.rs :u1 print , :Furt1- t::- nnor c , no.t muc"' fct·v·1l b~nefit mi grt be derived from purposely tryine t ·? p1·ed.!.ct t'"'" future outcome . Powc.ver we mtt Y nevert~cleSS snfelY nssert t~At t"-c pr esent WOr i s des tined to bring ebout n &0:·t of solution unpr ccct: (;;ntcdly cruel nnd elmost i11~: ... rdibly cor.1pl e t e.. Fe~l-rf .. l' Pitle:r n few dfYS ~go declered ~; ~ t t~e fctc of t~c Germen r~ce fore thous~nd y &e rs t o cote lpr.gs upon tl"is wcr, wl-il c i t i s vH'rned in Itely trat t tc ce.stin) of Lurope for tl"rc.e hundred ye~ rs t o core iz ebout to be decided today . At rry rrte. it is E'pt>nr E.nt t~Pt tterc. is no longc.1 E' flY room l eft for'doubt t rrt wr ct l·itl cr rnd ?tus 3 )lini £1 r e pl rnning i s trc fundamcnt el reconstruction of Eu:cc-peo Wrc•1 e t ( 11dcncy of defeat on on(. side of trc bc.lliger0nt CJuntries 1~crmc clcFr in eny pr e.vious war , it wrs custor ery for S"l!H .. t o be. ·orougl"·;, t o an end by perc E:. nq~c.tir>tions wl-icr defi!'H d trc ct.ding of some t erritory Pnd pcyir.cnt of rc.parrtionso HoV1cver, it cr.nnot be imegin~d trnt t'~c rrcscnt wrr will be. t crminr t ed in suet' l' simple Mf'nnc:ro In f pct ttert. evE: n scu~s t o be. tre possibility of Grert Powe.rs w~o l- r v c. be.en borsting of trcir glo:ry f~r scvcr r. l c enturies p~st coming to r suddr.n eollrpse •

It is rls~ t.xtr€rcly doubtful PS to wr€trer tr c • minor Power s i n Lurop( mry bt rllowed t o rem~ in rs indepc.ndent st~tos possessing ~bsolutc sover(ignty rigtts. Tris must be s r 1d t o be ell tt e more so witr tr e colonies of tre minor

Povscr s. \ le trve been rdvocrting since trC: very beginning

of trc. present wr r tt r t trc. v1orld is jus t on tt e ev e of c gi gr ntic trrnsf vrm::>tion in w"'icr tt e Old Order br> scd u pon Dcmocrt>tlc Cl"pitr-lisn VJill be doomed, in lieu v1r £.r (.of trc Nc"t 01dc:r brsC:d u"Oon TotPliteriE'ni sm riust be set up . As J o pf\n r r s , ev£'r sin:: c trc 1 £>ncl"uri r n Incident, been r ssurr.ing tre l ording r ole in c.st PbJ isring tre New Order t •.,rougl-out trc Criq~ Inc ~ ~cnt , t rc Jrpr>ncse peonl c... srould r cr lize tr c ri cw Order t>r.d r-~t in close conct.rt \'/1 t"' tt c Ji.xis Powers rs Ccr mnny and Itr ly, T~c supportors of tr£ Oltl Order in Jr pfn r cv f: been rE:luctf'?lt in r r:rl izing t tc true significPnce of t~is r, i gentic world-vsidE. tr,,nsf'~nr.rtion, and ln feet trc concluslon of trc Triple AlllP.ncc but wc.en Japf'n, Ge:r mAny a nd Itr ly finally fell t ' ::.·ough due to t 'l"e Old Order c lc.rent to botr et rome and ?broe.d-. 1·0wc.inr , no rumrr. power can do enyt'~ing aga inst ttc inevi tr 'bl c cur rent of world "istory. Trc, v1e.y for J< ');.n to pu-rsuc.. res Plrt..~dy b cE.n dE.cidcd on. In fa~t , Jup<> n has plrccdy be.en tr•)d~ing elong t t e SP id patl" f or ncf'rly t en ynY~~s 0 Trosc J ppr nc.sc v1'' 0 do not knov1 well wtcrc t~ ~ir wpy is lLeding to PrE l ooking on t~c pre.sen~ wor in ~t1roo0 wi t 'r ut t e r indif f~rcnc;c.. F nd v1rongly t "'ink tre t tr ey cPn E.stf'bl isl'- tt (. New O!'dcr in Eastc.rn Asie. by me r c.ly continuing to pct in F: conciliPtory mr nncr V! i tr

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ti.osc powers cs "' bl1 sl L.d upon t,' c. Old Order, ':rcy mPy be likened to p t rs · .s v "'o l" r ( nnrwe1·c. OL r fiTE.. in wl'-icr tl oy rro ~ lrcBd:,r t n t· c. 1r1Jst. Trc.y nnginc. t r ey c? n kcf.p t"(.Msolvcs fre e f:tOl 1 tr<. VIOrld•·VlidC e igt-ntiC trllnSfOrme tion so long llS :rL~ ~re declaring t ' tir non-irtcrfc.r~nco policy .

['( 1r r -r th otter J"'ocncsc rrc.. J"lr> king sj miler uistakt~. '?0'!' nst"' ..!l , trt.Y ··'hink trPt J r nnn wil l not be dr~ Jg<o l ·t ; t~c ~~ r as s~t J id not concludt trc Tripl(. All1Pnce v~t G"'n .r nv e.nd ItPlY · Tl-csc pc:-sons do not know trc fr.ct t ·r .. J~pr n ·...,r ~ co:ltr ibutc d r uct towrrd~ tr€ atte inm<.nts med(; rj '.,re..:.- :o by Guiurn~ . But for t r L AlliPncc betwe en Gcrnu ny r.nd ~.ovj ~ Russie , Ge1:nPny would r1~'')b£1bly net °" £>VC ;. "'1:1 rbl• to ! · :a ur "'c. r "11.l.d t o ste·r-: ~.)·· i s r:~r · end, in m J _,.g f .'\V °!.(t Ruf~l-- _·r:;.l .dly t o\IPHl.3 Cil.r:nil Tt/, t'tit pr<.sc.nc6 of JepP n in tr· f~s ~ l'nd tr~ f£1ir progress oi tr~ negotiPtions fr,,r conc:tudin& e.n Alliencc bctwc.c.n trt. Axis countriC;s at To~·o, Bc.rlin nna Rome ore. f~ ctcrs , ..... lc'r rrvc. contr ibut ed cons iii crf' bl y.

If tr( l 3. tsd PP=ticipflt~d in ttc W~ r et its £"1rJ.y stllgc , not onl y l'i.igrt 1 t no~sibly h "VC £ ncourag~d tr~ morale of t~r Eritisr Pnd Frc.n~r !orcc.3 but trcir f ighting povrc.r mi grt Ellso l·rvt ~ucc.mL. r c tuPily c.nrenccdr ~€rmrny t oo , migrt n~t rr. v~ r en rbl~ t o r equire. rcr ~ bsolutc supremocy in trc. r ir, r nd it : s 11kc.ly t~o~ trc Pttitud~ of Italy rnigrt eJsc hv~ been grcrtly ~ffc.ct~d. Is it ne t Jrp~n tra t fo st~ncd trc U~ P . down to t PC P~cjfic~ Th~ U.S . rrs not AS yet bL.En ~blc to Of SUM<. e ~~Ci$1Vr £'~titudc , I s not tr <.: pre.sc.ncc of JE' pPn pr ,, ~tic~lly trc.. me in r tason f or t"'1s? GcrmPllY owe s P mint of g:rfl ti tudc. to J ppr n. In defiance of tri . c l os<. rclat~~n between J~prn ~nd GErmrny , c ce rtain gr oup of J r. prncs~ r.cvc so~g ~t a ccrtr i n kind of under stending ·wit·,.. B:-1t£'1n &t t '• \. 'l.okyo Pcrlc.y t ftc r t1'•€ Ti&ntsin Af:a ir . T•is feet v·r s pro~ptly reported t o Gcrmeny. O~ c~urse J r prn's r.ttttudc t oo r ~ 3 doubtlessly become cleo r l y under stood r ecc.ntly in Dc.rlin~ U~dcr suer circumstance~ , ·,..c\1 cnn ... e c:x ;: ~ct C£rmr ny to bi; gr rt.cful toward ~ J? n'ln? Trc ,-"' !·C· nesr oplc s 'l--ould not forget trc f act tret t1"c Jr })l'm. s ~ di!)lOil!ClC.' !"rs dor.c soL·ctrir.g tre t do€s not pry for : r J: "'n , i c J'" s done 'Tr..icr f or Gc.rmi: ny Pnd y£t lets i tsc.:f o·e~ to ~ncur r e r ~rPt~ .

If tr t: \wrld 1 £ mr.p rP.s to ~c. crnvm rne.•:1 E'S P result c.1' -.;l c European r;c x , i f 1. e Nf..trc.1•lr .1 ls , for inst<'r.ce. s srould. becom£ "!lc r gL j ns ~re.me n tc.rri tory, trc Dutcr I ndies would, rs fl mettcr of course, b t c ori.c r de cj to Gc :ml'.n tc..rritory. If J Ppnn continuC's t o be~av~ as she. r~ ~ in t~c.. pr st , GtIT.'1Pny \!ill bo ple ccd und0r no obliPc. t1.on w'liatso<;;vl'r to Jt·pan in giving th qut stic • ~f ~·, t Dvtc"' Indies h >r sptd.el considEr Pt i on. It r .. u .)t be . emt.mber cd> rowcver, t r e t t't(. i.3outl" Sc..Ps 1:'>Els becom E: J<:~ pr- n ' s Lif0 Lino cconomicP11.y 11nd s t rPt(.g icE- lly. Vi e , in est ablisr::.ng tl'c N. w Order, do not me.en to confine

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Doc . NQ, 1616 Pr gc:. 64

i ts r r co onl y to ChinP. Jl' pPn c~nr.ot rt.r.1f' in idle rs on onlooker ir. t~r event of £1 \vtoltsrlt crrnro of territory t ek1ng pl Ace jn t~E souttc~st of Asin~

~:f Jc [' n 5¥ ::>i ld d<v\ te r<..rsc.lf €.XClUsivcly to tl"e sc. lu~ _ _,, ~ tr< L:' ine Prr,t . ..c.n by rd,..c. r ing merely to rer non- r.t r11. rc.n<.. r policy , ll"ntt€.rs will doubtlessl y be.come sc ttlod . 1i 1 i '1 ::i ;l- ort p riod Fond subsequent to t r is ruronc.E'n W:!r trc Dute"' Indic f £' s ,·:ell rs tr<- colonies of l4,1gl e nd EI T'j ··rrnC·- will rllV1... tl-.cir O"nC"rsrip dc.cidcd "'lt't-•"" ">f'n l · ol.inG on 1 s r racr - sp<.ct£1tc.r" 1'rcrcfore 1 rt tris i mportr ~t junctur0 , J pit s ,...ould rc..Dll~<. trc ult1mrte s i im1 i..cr·ncc '-f -:tis gi.~~ntic wo:r~1a-w1.d( re.form r

1na s,...ould

no~ f " ;i.l to (.ng<.>et. i n 0~1.lV1... pE'rl. cipc."lt.on .. Nrc n ,

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Docur.i.. nt JJo . 1616

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VII C··''Cl\~si0n of J!'''/'.N- GJ·r: tt1Y- J.TJ.1Y , r·r ~ ·cE (:Fe.hi ~~11."1bun S( pti-~1hc.r 29 , 19~9 )

• ' 1. Ev, r le et i r.g MutU£.l :lt H e. T'C ·

Tho Pienificrncc of the. J::'t.~1-01' "';., rY- I TJlY T• T'"'/f\TT"'E T ·F~ 'J'Y C"ncludvd 1Ast Scotc."1bor 27 i F c-xtr r •c l :t 5'11P" rtunt b1it thv cr T'tcntP nrc sinnlo o.nd clu r ard d:-> not r e.qui r e riuch cxl'>l t re. ti " r • Ordfot.ri) y , c. pr •t " col i r Elttcchcd t .' t';o trc.cty but c..v<.:r thh: is r.:>t r c.q\,;. ,..cd in this C. fC. i,F rtioulttc.d int: 0 nr ,v~ri'1··r , dc tc.~ls C'"lnC\'..rring t he cxc..cution 'lf the tro• t ;1 e r e. t 'l be. dt cid .. d b · c.. c"·11itto<. •"'hi ch if' t o bei f "'I'7'1Cd l<:.. t1.. r. Si !iCC. the trc1 t y r•: f> !11')t dr :"' ·r up ~ 80\ cinJ 1 s tf' , it~ ct~· l o dif!\ rL> cnpsi d r : bly frr 1 th1. unut..l f 'lr "l . Vi 1,· .. cd frnn the pt.£.1 d'!)'lint of trn .. t y eo)cicliEtr , H 'It.~' c"rbin rt: rry P£.HC.fCe t~t rtrikc. t he;r.1 nr f"trc:.ngr: , If crc- l :·z1 d j ?"' d<.. t c i) e l r 8t'J J "!', i. t ~C'Y gi Vu ri sc. t vt ri ' US c n"'t t.J"lti 'lr.t but £ ) t•cc. t~ 1;. C'•nt c.r.tf: '>f t his tru .. t~· is un~rc.. cc d-..rtcd in hift or y c.nd bluntly , since tt.e fc 11'>"' nc.ti i::r.~ , J/ .. ;t/,H, Gr~'-.i'Y t.r;d I'IJ.1.Y 1 lc.dg(d t'.~e coo.Bti"n , .. \.tr thdr bb d , i t is 0l"ly r.•. tur Ll thc, t tho r·r- r dir•g is si ·•T:ol c. C'.l cl nlttin. If r. dd~1..iled ir.tcr~re;tr.ti'"ln

, is c tU.ohcd boford.~\rd l ucr·.lly '"I r if r ;.>r:,·cl•,,l 'lf'icr.l hold-'>V .. r c.xists in r .. gc.rd t ? •11utm 1 ri( hts c.: d dutic.f' , tho Vt• J.uc. ~ f the.: tr<.~ t :: ,··ill be dcrtr,.~rcd . Ir fh'>rt, I tU nk it uJtirn t"'ly d ... ;ic1~dr ;·n t ht. Einfl c phrr N .. 11.:tUtu~ 1 r c.lit..ncc.11

•

Th"'r oi"0r (. , in r~.g.: rd to tl~c trc.a.t y Hr.df , t h gc..1:0r 1.1 r1 t t'..'" ti:m if cJ.r r1 :'i cd b'· tho G'>V r rc1c.:: t !'r'1clr.i.lt.ti ~n L~cl U•t.r t. i. F n111 M "P. · :uch t hc t '"Ou:ld i~c.c.d :.ddine . !J"I th(. future , du"' tn t M!" , thc. nr'"'blor:·~ nf -:·hL t cff , cts " nl it r i vc. ri •.c. t C' " r h">:i will the trwt r i t: t. lf be c£..rrkd ·mt or l-.'>l'" ·.·ill i tr c"'c r .. ct(.rics be dcvoll')p1.. d cc..n l"lnly be judc.!Cd l.E time prngri...~f:U; . 'rl h.t.. t I an gf·ing t ., Fl\Y in t he. foJJ .... ~. tng le c ntirc1:: •.·ithin the limitr ,,f •'Y 01,r r">rw.l O?ini?n flT'd nbf c.rw i ) C'ns . It mud bt. r c· •c.• ·~c.rc.d t.h. t I t..' • nl') t r e.. vc.eli.r·e ~pcci r.l i rf-ir · - ti ...,n

• r gc rdil'4: c.rry ugr ., r.cr:t G.!10rg the trr "'c c )untr~' f" no,.. }'"VC I e.ey r clL ti '>n r•l't.\tro. vc·r in the Jcpcnc. r •: Govt.r nr:c.nt 1 f i?it t nti ons 1 rid pol ici c r .

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2 • Tr1,1. t!' .... f the ?-'J'W · " 'l D cror · ~ .

Thie truity if: f rnv.:ill:' ce.llc.d th< 11T:u - -::; "'TTF. 'l'lf.'TY" but in g1.. T1or el , it ~v. •'.lf.' t ·, 1x: c:. llcd tr.c T·<l-1~ · TJTE C ! r:J~Ci': .

Fr Qri the or ovisbns i n /'.rticlc 3 o · t h ... t r<.:cty , 1 t ci· n be si:-.id thc.\t i t is g1.:!uincly c dc .. 'c.r.sivc eJ Ji: 11cc uT"d ':t<:.~· bv cf.llcd El "Security J.J.J.11.nco" " r c1 "fi•utur.l J.~eit"tanc<.: Al l; . T"Ce11

• In r.> .rt, it cr.r- be

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D 'cuneint l!o . 1616 ?: ('Ci t!o . 67

r 1.. c :i(~li tion "f r fr 1..1. - h l"C. ···lth1 n tht.t snhc r ... if ir tt.11 1 lf, ~ Fuf1 ici -,J"t. ei£-nif1cr re& hut tM f ,;_ 11 h vc. .. ~ t.<1 :-t ~ "r a vc·r7 o ld c..rn. I dn not \ ieh tr: rc.errd t hu or1..r1 t t , ·i: rld hnetil:!ty 1.!.e '.,1. r c.ly c. C:"nt1..~t for •.·" rld eupromt.cy t'r r. C"'l t cct f ··r PPh1. r 1.. e ·)f i :•4"luC'l'CO a•i"nf th1:.. big po· l.r, . It ic insipid if t!~c risir[ c">untril. r, Jr.mn, Gl.rrllny , Iwly c.nc) O<.rh .. PC U . ~ , < ,' ' , ::-trt\f,1,') C.. f '". r l'l:'l' <:,r :.p1 ~l ·Bt th. ,.,ld 'CY\' 1.rf, Grcr· t Brit• ir , ti· l· :!c~ 1.rd 1''1·rrc ... .

It iP c lso to d nl, - drd. d t t;, r ,rcrd it ns 1 r "i.:tl fc..ud bL·t·~c..cn t ht t nglo- 51 xins .:- 1 d th T, utrir.r !"IT h t \ r·~l' tho y<, J "\' r· c c. l r.d the rhitc r cc... In brL ' , . 1th u~h t~:!~ i e c hncknyl d ... Y."rc.."'d" ?" ' I bcl'ic..vc it 1•u rt be. r c..F,1 roe~ f r .cuJturi'1 · rf~ r... rel ~ be ttJ.1.. o f i rc0Jf)f.Y . In a v:ord , it ir c. strugf l l. i.'"t' c. n ""''"'Crc.cy rnd t ,,tr1:trrfrr-im but I vicrir.c it cc u · •inmeiti..,n "r i d -,l·"f;Y · r.tt r cultu " , it Fizy-i"i {..e c f.I'-..c t re V"'luti "n un!)r , cc.r rt ('! ir th .. hi r t -iry f ' k nkircl .

Tht, idc"ll O[Y ~,f f!..1r 1 i rd frr · t! ... rt· .Pdn'>irt " f cu) tur :i.. hi Et" ry in tll... pr.et cc. v. rC' J. th ~u&.r.d y .. r~ h£ s s ·1.. n 1·1c ny ch r.!: r lJut :> ir~cc. the Grc cif.r r,ro. UT'\ t "l thc.. Qr SLJ'lt, the fur.di 11{,f:U, j a..:t. -if tl: <. Occi dcr.t hc.s rlrcys b1.l.r. 1x nd ~n i ndividm .. lis::1, Thu t 't..lH1 ... fo r. ic~cr. 1·r.e bear t slv·o f C'r t l <":-if t:l."ll. durin( thE.t P1..ri ' d , Sil'cu t.uch ··-..s tho c:-,pc "If t h. t"t• lit· ri. n ··" v.:--1, nt ~tr rtcd in G, r•;ii..ry £ nd Itcly, it d. k s b · ok l?ri r t'1 tht:. G · ·~· · '· c~ 'r ·,, J .·; · , Jt cc.n be er.id thr. t it is c. r v rsinn t n th,~ f undc.r.ic.ntc.l t nd hc.t.l thy idc.•·1l na .-,f • l'rly '!W.nkind \7Mch h·.s b ut.n pr~f'L rvc.d {td f 1et c.rc.d ·.1ith :! Pt ... grit:1 einoc tl-o f nnnding nf J:. rx.r. . It is f .., r th1 s r c..c s r· tru·t t bc. t ·k li t c ri ··:ri f'"' r.f Gcl'"f cy

nd I k 1.:· ircludc, 11uch tl.: t i e Jc· T>f r . .;p,, . In &dvooo. t:I ng tli t, c ek blidu:i.;nt "I f th1~ ~·(.\ Oro.l r ir the· Ftr Eu:t thr ngh the CM!'o Incick.rt, J ,nrr. is etrntigly C"lPlu s iz:lrg th<.. ide:de .... r 0wwn,:u/T. , .. f "'undb(' " ' tbo c:1untry/ ~uJiri t t r.a It. '" o Ir.HIU c rd r·_,r t htc r 1 t s1n, it cu1 h~ i::t id t!·c t it f oll ?"e th..:. ff •( J.i:~c 0f th<.. llcr· Ord r ·1r vo .1<.rt in G. r "t r..y end Itc ly.

In "Elu--·n... it is r ·. tr ' f·-i, cti v• t o d<. ys b 1..f .ir e ti:iu Grc.·cic l" · gc t nd ir Jt•.~. n, it is r • tr?1101..ctivc. t t he. K. . JYO/T , ;· . r gc " f G-.clf/~ TJ:cr 1..f ')r ..,, I t!.i!l: it c:.r- b ... st..ic th• t tl-c. !'t:,t" Orde r ·''"'V1..''c.rt in the E~.st ~rd'. ~t iF c r:wc;.:c rt t -, r \.!-ti >r <:, tl- 0 fur.e<..~1Lr+cl chc: rrct r ,.,f "t rikir.d . For t: is r tL f ?r > Bri tir'"' nc\ · ··l r1 c r• que:· rt•. re nrc !"i:>t

c~lkt,c. trr,r \ . rrlJ'l{; ir. ir~nti ~:;iI'g J :- pc;r , G· rc.ny tnd It~.ly under the: sc·•r c;.t .&..,ry c-rd c:· i i:·nr:. the.'' t " t litt.r i . r c .1mt rhs tli k .. . The co, 1: h ·1r - t:I · n c"~.li t:!. ·n cif the; t hrc c courtrh s ifl "'nJy r · tnr .. l \ •hc..n su1.. l" frnn snob o. fnndr:'!rntf.l ud i~·ol"f:!etic pic..rdp" int . rr0r: , re:turning t 0 tho rl.~liPtic '1r-.bk:-1E' , C"r:crc:tcly, ,.,.h. t kir.d o f no1

• cultu~c ·.~Hl

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Dr. cur1ont 1-'<' • 1616 "'c.pc. N". oB

.... r l\'" . 1 ct It ~Y fr ...... in T'ur"-· ? ·• hi t •·111. J tiJ)(ln ~ ir. tho Grc:c t c.. r &ft ,.de .. r c..,c? !o'nrtl1<.;r 1,,r c. , in t.h.; int\ rrr 1 ''r B' ntzc t1on :if the.. thr<. c C"vrtrLs, ··in tb.y ( n t...ko .. ef• .U , r type.. · f 'O'l~ticul Cl'd

<.. C ' r. .. 11 ee l ">· tli? j s it c.1:ro ... t re <, v ... r t ""I tht gc.ncr •. l nub] i c c.nd ..... 1£o cs ir r t f . rof t · J£ Pn. , tht.n rr ... i · 1i.nvnt pr'1bl ris "f vitrl ·b1nrtcncc. .

-:;, .. ccntly in ·h"Cl·r , the t:x O~d •• r 1w -..1_nt if ' it.c··'lirg quite.. r •'ti cr.r hl • ' )ut t >cq• , it i s t llt. 'Oi ri .. n nf ... very ... , .; ti'.· t tho c: "ll\Ol:U sri.d t Fh \lld b1. r .... rt >ri...d : ""d t~ , t th- unC' c-rly\: t "'ri.r c i de ;f t~t. !l.. t-1 •r ' 1 Ftrnchl'' sJ'~uJn '-<. cl· r~ ric..d t '>r'-'"" , . ._ th:: s t.!".i~tur .. f ""r r..•1r·1r -Y•'1'"U~/·' j<:.N. T)'l'ml1 r ru'1p.·rt "r rrc\rt. r ec/. Furth r ·J'>r c , t '10 ">r , bl1. 1 ir · lvt '<. t11·d :+ \llr' be. UF• ~ t c ctut 1.ly ~r,..·· -,ut tho r1."h .. rier.1e -.f "'"iliticr a.d '-c :1 1y phich "I: rif<..Ft t''C prircinl.._ c- f'

nr.ti "'TC 1 etructur<. , 'J·~ 1 i• i' Ord.r th: t G_r·~.r,:1 "' r.d It..·J.:· ~ e tryinf t •. r --r I j )'\ Eur T'IC c. ~- f' ·qt jr cJudc.. ·r l..t G .,. I ry f !"d I tr.ly l)ut tlo\c L CtUC l pr ::>blc·t nf ti-:'. ~l'C...: t et 1 \1"1'>rt f.CC -If' r-h t t c1 • r•( t':l th\. T)-.Jiticr.l ~.1d c..c ·•r-" '.ic.1 ctrnctP.rc -.rt' 1 "th<.r Eur 0 1 .r C"UJltric,f' . I n l'. f:C ro t 'l tl· ic , it i:: .,, .., h \'1.r.l. t't'-1 t t '>ri' y Pl N' C ""nt;i de. r~ bly dof~ ni t l. ll.. vc.. h , t,.. dr~ '. ·1 U") b~ · C < 1· •. ny • rd ItcJ.y , On tl·c. oth· r 1··:-r.d, !"111 t f -r i1 -.f tJ1,:-· Ord r ir Jc.p.r. ~ 1•'C t., c --mtruct ir the Gr,.1rt. r /,eit. ~.lv· 'i' I thici< t'. cl .,. r ,tel r\f"l"it< pl r r r.{'..-rd~r.£ the dirT'l~fiti-:.~ ·f t1.,c ?.\·· Ord-.r .;r Jr"Ol.r , th 1 C'h ~rt · l.~ t l"c "ckbtml) ..,f t tc : 1c.~· Od.\.r iP Gr,,r t r .. i:i .. , '.'Uf t f'i r t t l-ic. ,~t t,~ .. 1£ 1~t.C' .•

~;.r , :\.f t''C. ic31 .. : ~ rc1 rtr1 ~t\lt' w "'If t i.c ·')ld r·r d.:. r, ,..h~ ch r e..:·,· in; ... r e. t till ·1Uc:1 :hi .:.·1iC' .. r c .:. ii' J ,mr.n , Tl t h.., l e.ft · rt: ct , crn tr..._ ''<.:· Or<i r ir Gru. t .:.r I ::h. 1""v ... r b~ < :;tc.bJ.irl .cd? l.froi1'lr·c th. t :it ·-. r P""C Fi hl,, , cc~ fUCh r tl '°' 0-rdc. r "P Gr•. t r ' ::- i .: ~ ct i r. c 'mccrt ... i th t~c Eur·)")C.::.n ~!c;. · Ordc. r -:.f G r • 1. l"Y ... Pd I u ly? I ~: vc b een ~ C'v .• c. tirg th t t L c · i ' V, rd '1" f. f' ' r ir,r p ""lli c;' •.m' trc il; t.; -.:·r 1 :· " 0 d. r i r e, i :-:F' .. p r" b1 c . I t'lc rd "r e. 'Or, di ct th t UrCl r t he. or. F• rt C"l'•·'i. t:I '::· r, J ... c..r.; F er.:- 11 ti •T" • 1th G .,.,. r .y . rd I+r.J :r is i.:""' .. rribl' , It '.i. F !iY de drc +h. t the pc. ·ml c ;.1'rL thi::- c:-1·c~ c,n• ~ick r:-. ti "n .

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T"i 1· kc ~ . 1'>1"; et 1!"J sh...,rt , <. r • c "'f ! irty • nd ~i ftj · ~11 l.J i ,.,n pr .,..,l e o ntrol "'r ~-f?urth 'f trr. qirld ' r t c:r,.11"11""' rid "''"-..1 c r r d ,. ,. tf.c. blr• fjt ·)f cf" 11 =T' llP ,.,f n:1..11t ·)c1· t r , the. ~· r~ 't-dr.t t xnJ ,.,it ,.d P.r.r1 th... 'i :•q I f - un·l· r "r :-11r.d r . ·· t1i· cc :- r r e. ly~ re er ><·trot <.' , pr v 1..ntl"d fr .~ 1 bd1 r utili7 d by ··th r" . l.Jnd r fUCh c rcli t1 ')>''" , it is iNvit h1 1. t h t n'"'vt rty T)r rv•' 1 r t dL;' ,,.., t'."1.. "'r t 1drH•tjc living ftrnclrrd "If ntnltbd . T"' r ctify t l:ir i rr t" : lity in +.he Eur""''- n t ·. r.d Grc1.t .::r :;1 t· rr •. f' "!' y "" t.I ,, l' r irci">l c c ·r.t1.;rtr ..,f tho N .\: Order --i ... nt1 "lncd fr· t:!<. Trin. rtito _ct . Pnt if !'uch i s tl-· C".cc , th<." r ouiri ti ~re --r tnc. n. T' ?'<...r Or d· r Tr •. t t:r b.' t" tt r l< '""'< rr c0rceir m.d :-1ur t bl fir~t, :,., uph l d th t l t " )it1 ri• T• " l'l d i<1c..c cr.d f < C"'Td f

b 1 red "If' thiE 1do~. , t~ r r ·urc 1.. tb t·:r:: t i · 1 " ' r xnl,.it: tl ' ?; ~ r t he etr'1T'r,e:r orc y1~r, ur>:-~ th ...... \ ·!· r . I".' ti•• t~ rc rr~' ,., f Gr~' t Brit'. in, /;·1oricr t: cl Fr r e :. i r : ·· ~1~rod .... nd vc,r i f th~y ~.re <.w crthr "'' n , it . ill doscr.ur£ t ut' tht hcr .... t •f "ll'(" 11bl.'ttlc.. ' ''Y' 7""'\.r 11

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~ .. Zl < cr·ll n~· , t he: eol c r :.t.r r;. r d !:IU~' l' -' t bei t'C eel t:c rc.r ft: r i n the. nc~· Eur"Pt . Thie ii:· ~- "'r-ly n 't 1rl.y l firc.n~ic.l c.r0d cc ' l''.nict 1 nr1bl c!:! --r trc.. n.:.;·· Eur ' n< flu t t.:=: b c:lr rr iitd~cr. ti vc ,.,f tl~c ch 1•, ctcr ·· f t h .. r e;.• Order itF c if , I thfrk it - :>!C'.!"!'!OE' u e' grific·. Y1C O ')f cxtr .. :-•c i ·pc-rte.no(.. . If "lnC C ' nd ocrr h ·7 i. I .... r t< r.t. [. r " l e g'lJ.< " l f ycd t.f ~ t r l t • CX1'>1-,it the v·c.:'.k ~r the' rld hcrvt.,. f " r c , ' 1"·. cr Nnt ')V -., r

C~l':>t' · rizr tl-\u i :-:nl)rt.:~rcc " (' . ~r. F!Jt1J< 1 c rlocJ: r t ti "'r .

If tb .. t1c.· · Ordl r ~lc r·1 c..d by G, r :: PY , :'"O Itr.1 ~, .,..,ulc1 p,., l"E1...8S suer. chc:·.rt:.ctc.riEtjce , t he Ole! O.·dc..r n 1r-.: .. r~ , c~n de.)] ~· ::>1A r fr ~~1 t l!c rtt·rdp"int .-;f tl:c c\'1"1ir· ti1rr cl£·sr , •·ill ln~·r clt; .. rJ :•.· t t.. gl i-cv h'>'.i ctr"r•r t n l"ll)O<'fi ti. "'I" t ... t;_ 11 t : r:h r.i1?•11 i s , ~ \. , ,. i th tl .c c1rclur i ;n ,,f tb1, T"inr rti.tc ~· ot ·a:-., J r.pin , rh. ir c cturl1y ru rdi r.6" ct t he Cr'• f:f'r"~ df 'I f Ch""' firf. -:nC nr.rty r.r t)~u " t hc.r .

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